Semitransparent photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a semitransparent photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system and a control method thereof.The semitransparent photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system comprises a photo-thermal reflector located at the bottom of the system and used for reflecting infrared light in sunlight for photo-thermal power generation; the semitransparent photovoltaic cell has a wave-shaped wrinkle structure, is positioned above the photo-thermal reflecting mirror and is used for absorbing visible light and ultraviolet light in sunlight for photovoltaic power generation; and the adjustable telescopic bracket is used for adjusting the transparency of the semitransparent photovoltaic cell, so that the proportional adjustment of photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation is realized. According to the invention, dynamic balance between photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation is realized through the adjustable wave-shaped wrinkle structure. The transparency can be automatically adjusted under different illumination intensity and temperature conditions, so that the system preferentially performs photovoltaic power generation under high-intensity sunlight and preferentially performs photo-thermal power generation under low-illumination or high-temperature conditions, and the total energy conversion efficiency of the power generation system is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solar energy, and particularly to a semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, as two main solar energy conversion methods, the advantages and limitations of photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation have been widely studied. Photovoltaic power generation directly converts sunlight into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect, with characteristics of high power generation efficiency and fast response, and is widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial fields. However, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is limited by the light intensity and spectral range. Especially in extreme environments such as high temperature, strong light, or low light, the efficiency of photovoltaic cells often fluctuates greatly. On the other hand, solar thermal power generation reflects the infrared light (long-wavelength light) in sunlight and converts it into heat energy to drive a heat engine for power generation. Solar thermal power generation technology has a high energy conversion efficiency, especially suitable for high-temperature environments, and can continuously provide stable energy output. However, the efficiency of the solar thermal system is often affected by factors such as the surface quality of the solar thermal reflector, changes in light intensity, and the concentration of reflected light. Its design and material selection are relatively complex, and it has relatively strict requirements for temperature and environmental conditions.

[0003] Currently, although the two power generation methods of photovoltaic and solar thermal each have their own advantages, due to their respective limitations, they often cannot maintain high-efficiency and stable energy output under all environmental conditions when used alone. Therefore, a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system has emerged. By combining the advantages of the two, the power generation mode can be dynamically adjusted under different light and temperature conditions to achieve higher overall energy efficiency. However, the existing photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems still face some technical challenges. Traditional coupling systems often adopt fixed solar thermal reflectors and photovoltaic cell structures, and it is difficult to adapt to the light intensity fluctuations brought about by environmental changes. Under high-intensity light, the photovoltaic cells may overheat, affecting their efficiency, while the solar thermal system may not be able to fully utilize the energy of the reflected light. On the contrary, under low-light conditions, the energy utilization rate of the solar thermal system is low, and the photovoltaic system may face the problem of reduced efficiency. In addition, most of the existing photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures lack a flexible transparency adjustment mechanism and cannot automatically adjust the power output ratio of the two according to different environments in practical applications, thus unable to achieve the optimal system performance. Therefore, there is still a large room for improvement in the effective coupling, dynamic adjustment, and efficiency optimization of photovoltaic and solar thermal in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system and a control method thereof, aiming to dynamically balance the proportion of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation by adjusting the transparency, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system, especially effectively improving the energy utilization rate under different environmental conditions and making up for the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0005] According to an object of the present invention, the present invention provides a semi - transparent photovoltaic - thermal coupling system, and the system includes:

[0006] A solar - thermal reflector, located at the bottom of the system, for reflecting infrared light in sunlight for solar - thermal power generation;

[0007] A semi - transparent photovoltaic cell, having a wavy - fold structure, located above the solar - thermal reflector, for absorbing visible light and ultraviolet light in sunlight for photovoltaic power generation;

[0008] An adjustable telescopic bracket, for adjusting the transparency of the semi - transparent photovoltaic cell, so as to realize the adjustment of the ratio of photovoltaic power generation and solar - thermal power generation.

[0009] Furthermore, the semi - transparent photovoltaic cell adopts a flexible perovskite semi - transparent photovoltaic thin film, which can adjust its transparency by stretching or compressing.

[0010] Furthermore, the wavy - fold structure is formed by a pre - pressing molding technique, and the spacing of the folds is changed by mechanical stretching or compression, so as to adjust the transparency.

[0011] Furthermore, the adjustable telescopic bracket is made of a metal alloy or a high - strength plastic material.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustable telescopic bracket is driven by an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic method to realize the automatic adjustment of the transparency of the semi - transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0013] Furthermore, the wavy - fold structure includes a sine - wave - shaped fold structure, a saw - tooth - wave - shaped fold structure, a hyperbola - wave - shaped fold structure or an ellipse - wave - shaped fold structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the system further includes an intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system includes a central control unit, a light sensor and a temperature sensor. The central control unit combines the light sensor and the temperature sensor to automatically adjust the transparency to optimize the ratio of photovoltaic power generation and solar - thermal power generation.

[0015] Furthermore, the light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real - time and output a signal proportional to the light intensity; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the system in real - time and output a signal related to the temperature change.

[0016] Furthermore, the intelligent control system further includes a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism. When the sensor data is abnormal or the driving system cannot work properly, the system will automatically enter the protection mode.

[0017] According to another object of the present invention, the present invention provides a control method for the above-mentioned semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system. The central control unit adopts the following control logic according to the light intensity and temperature signals:

[0018] Light intensity control logic:

[0019] Under high light intensity, give priority to starting photovoltaic power generation, and stretch the adjustable telescopic bracket to increase transparency;

[0020] Under low light intensity, give priority to starting solar thermal power generation, and compress the adjustable telescopic bracket to reduce transparency;

[0021] Temperature control logic:

[0022] In a high-temperature environment, give priority to starting solar thermal power generation, and compress the adjustable telescopic bracket to reduce the light absorption of the photovoltaic cells and avoid overheating;

[0023] In a low-temperature environment, give priority to starting photovoltaic power generation, and stretch the adjustable telescopic bracket to increase transparency.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention realizes a dynamic balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation through an adjustable wavy fold structure. Compared with the single fixed design of existing traditional photovoltaic cells and solar thermal mirrors, it can automatically adjust the transparency under different light intensity and temperature conditions, enabling the system to give priority to photovoltaic power generation under high-intensity sunlight, while giving priority to solar thermal power generation under low light or high-temperature conditions. This flexible adjustment mechanism greatly improves the total energy conversion efficiency of the power generation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the elliptical wave compression structure adopted in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the elliptical wave stretching structure adopted in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the sawtooth wave compression structure adopted in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Flow chart under the light intensity control logic of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a flowchart under the temperature control logic of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 1. Photothermal reflector; 2. Semitransparent photovoltaic cell; 3. Adjustable telescopic bracket. Specific embodiments

[0032] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0034] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] As Figures 1 - 5 shown:

[0037] A semitransparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system is composed of two parts, which are, from bottom to top, a photothermal reflector 1 and a semitransparent photovoltaic cell 2, where:

[0038] The photothermal reflector 1 is located at the bottom and is mainly used to reflect the infrared light (long-wavelength light) in sunlight for solar thermal power generation.

[0039] The material of the solar thermal reflector 1 is a material with a high reflectivity, such as aluminum alloy, silver plating or a multi-layer metal reflective film, to ensure efficient reflection of infrared light.

[0040] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is located above the solar thermal reflector and is mainly used to absorb visible light and ultraviolet light in sunlight for photovoltaic power generation.

[0041] The material of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is a flexible perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic thin film, which has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency and adjustable transparency.

[0042] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 has a wavy and wrinkled structure. Through pre-pressing and forming, it can change the wrinkle spacing according to the action of external force, thereby adjusting the transparency.

[0043] In this embodiment, in order to adjust the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, adjustable telescopic brackets 3 are provided on both sides of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, so that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell has an adjustable function.

[0044] Specifically, both ends of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 are fixed to the adjustable telescopic brackets 3. By stretching or compressing the adjustable telescopic brackets, the wrinkle spacing is changed, thereby adjusting the overall transparency. The size of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell at the compression limit is the same as the area of the solar thermal reflector or the opening area.

[0045] The principle of stretching or compressing the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is as follows:

[0046] When stretching: the wrinkled structure unfolds, the film tends to be flat, the transparency increases, and the solar thermal reflector can receive more infrared light. The photovoltaic cells exceeding the area of the solar thermal mirror can be used for photovoltaic power generation.

[0047] When compressing: the wrinkled structure is dense, and sunlight is reflected and refracted multiple times on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, the transparency decreases, and photovoltaic power generation is preferentially carried out.

[0048] The adjustable telescopic brackets are made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic materials to ensure the mechanical strength of the brackets while keeping them light. This system adjusts the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the adjustable telescopic brackets: by driving with an external motor or controlling the telescopic of the brackets in a pneumatic / hydraulic manner, the transparency can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual light intensity and usage requirements to optimize the ratio of photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation.

[0049] In addition, this system can also automatically adjust the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through an intelligent control system:

[0050] Specifically, the intelligent control system includes a central control unit, a light sensor, and a temperature sensor. By combining the light sensor and the temperature sensor through the central control unit, the transparency is automatically adjusted to achieve real-time balance between photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation. For example, when the sunlight intensity is high, photovoltaic power generation is preferentially started; when the temperature is high, solar thermal power generation is preferentially increased. Among them:

[0051] The light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real time and output a signal proportional to the light intensity.

[0052] The temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the system in real time, such as the surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell, the temperature of the solar thermal mirror, etc., and output a signal related to the temperature change.

[0053] The central control unit (central processor) integrates the signals of the light sensor and the temperature sensor, and automatically controls the telescopic movement of the bracket, thereby adjusting the transparency. The motor, pneumatic or hydraulic power device used to adjust the adjustable telescopic bracket is connected to the central control unit to adjust the transparency of the photovoltaic cell and the relative position between it and the solar thermal mirror.

[0054] In order to achieve real-time balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, the automatic transparency adjustment mechanism of the central control unit, light sensor, and temperature sensor has the following specific control steps:

[0055] S1. Sensor signal acquisition

[0056] The data of the light sensor and the temperature sensor are transmitted to the central control unit wirelessly or wiredly;

[0057] The light intensity data (Lux value) obtained by the light sensor is used to judge the strength of sunlight, and the temperature sensor provides real-time system temperature data;

[0058] S2. Control algorithm

[0059] Based on the feedback signals of light intensity and temperature, the central control unit will adopt the following control logic to adjust the transparency:

[0060] As Figure 4 shown:

[0061] S201. Light intensity control logic:

[0062] S2011. High light intensity (for example, >1000 Lux): At this time, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is high, so photovoltaic power generation is preferentially used;

[0063] The control system stretches the adjustable telescopic bracket to make the surface of the photovoltaic cell tend to be flat, increases the transparency, allows more sunlight to pass through the photovoltaic cell, and conducts photovoltaic power generation;

[0064] After the bracket extends, the illumination received by the photothermal mirror weakens, thereby reducing the contribution of photothermal power generation;

[0065] S2012, Low illumination intensity (e.g., <500 Lux): The efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is low, and the proportion of photothermal power generation should be increased;

[0066] The control system compresses the adjustable telescopic bracket, reducing the transparency of the photovoltaic cell, making the surface of the photovoltaic cell denser, and giving priority to photothermal power generation;

[0067] Through this adjustment, the surface illumination of the photothermal mirror is enhanced, and the photothermal power generation system receives more infrared light, thereby improving its efficiency.

[0068] As Figure 5 shown:

[0069] S202, Temperature control logic:

[0070] S2021, High-temperature environment (e.g., temperature >50 °C): At this time, the advantage of photothermal power generation is more obvious, and photothermal power generation should be increased first to reduce the overheating effect on the photovoltaic cell;

[0071] The control system compresses the transparency of the photovoltaic cell, reduces the light absorption on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, and enhances photothermal power generation first;

[0072] Reducing photovoltaic power generation can prevent the surface temperature of the battery from rising further and protect the service life of the photovoltaic cell;

[0073] S2022, Low-temperature environment (e.g., temperature <25 °C): At this time, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is high, and the proportion of photovoltaic power generation should be increased first;

[0074] The control system stretches the photovoltaic cell, increases the transparency, enhances the light absorption area of the photovoltaic cell, and improves the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0075] When the temperature is low, the efficiency of photothermal power generation is relatively low, and its contribution can be reduced.

[0076] S203, Comprehensive control logic:

[0077] S2031, Joint control of illumination intensity and temperature:

[0078] When the illumination intensity is high and the temperature is high (e.g., at noon in summer under strong light), the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is high, but the photovoltaic cell may overheat. At this time, the system should give priority to increasing photothermal power generation, moderately reducing the proportion of photovoltaic power generation, and avoiding overheating from affecting the photovoltaic cell.

[0079] S2032, When the illumination intensity is low and the temperature is low, the system should give priority to increasing the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and reducing the contribution of photothermal power generation to obtain more electrical energy output.

[0080] S2033. When the light intensity is low but the temperature is high (e.g., on cloudy days or in low-light environments in winter), prioritize increasing solar thermal power generation and reducing the output of photovoltaic power generation.

[0081] The control steps of the intelligent control system specifically include:

[0082] 1. Collection of light intensity and temperature data:

[0083] The light sensor collects solar light intensity data every 5 seconds.

[0084] The temperature sensor monitors the temperatures of the photovoltaic cell surface and the solar thermal mirror in real time.

[0085] 2. Data analysis and processing:

[0086] Every 10 seconds, the central control unit determines the current working mode based on the light intensity and temperature data.

[0087] If the light intensity is greater than the set threshold and the temperature is low, start the photovoltaic priority mode and stretch the transparency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0088] If the light intensity is low or the temperature is high, start the solar thermal priority mode and compress the transparency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0089] 3. Adjustment of the adjustable telescopic bracket and transparency control:

[0090] According to the instructions of the control system, the electric or hydraulic drive device will adjust the telescopic of the bracket and automatically change the transparency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0091] The change in transparency is achieved through a wavy fold structure, ensuring a dynamic balance of the proportion of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation under different light and temperature conditions.

[0092] In this embodiment, in the intelligent control system:

[0093] The system has a fast response ability to ensure that the transparency can be adjusted within a short time to adapt to the changes in sunlight intensity and temperature. The control response time should be less than 1 second to quickly reflect the changes in the external environment.

[0094] Stability and accuracy: High accuracy requirements are imposed on the light sensor and the temperature sensor, with an error range of at least within ±5%.

[0095] The transparency adjustment accuracy should be within 1% to ensure that the balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation will not cause efficiency losses due to overly rough transparency adjustment.

[0096] The system has a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism. When the sensor data is abnormal or the drive system fails to work properly, the system will automatically enter the protection mode to reduce the negative impact of the fault. The system should also be set with a manual mode to allow manual intervention and control to ensure normal operation when the automatic adjustment fails.

[0097] Through the above control steps and requirements, the intelligent control system can achieve real-time balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, improve the overall energy efficiency of the system, and adapt to changes under different environmental conditions.

[0098] In this embodiment, the adjustable telescopic bracket is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material to ensure mechanical strength while remaining lightweight. The telescopic mechanism of the adjustable telescopic bracket is controlled by electric, hydraulic or pneumatic means for easy automatic adjustment.

[0099] In this embodiment, the manufacturing of the wavy fold structure uses the laser pre-pressing forming process to ensure the uniformity and stability of the wavy folds. The height, width and wavelength of the folds can be adjusted according to design requirements in this process.

[0100] The photovoltaic cell selects high-efficiency perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic thin film to ensure the absorption efficiency of visible light and ultraviolet light while maintaining a certain degree of transparency. Surface coating technology can be used to optimize the optoelectronic performance of the perovskite thin film.

[0101] The solar thermal reflector uses high-reflectivity materials such as aluminum, silver and other metal materials, and improves the reflectivity of infrared light through surface plating or multi-layer film technology.

[0102] In order to achieve the function of the semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, the wavy fold structure can adjust the transparency when mechanically stretched or compressed. Therefore, the parameters such as the shape, length, width and radian of the wavy shape must be designed reasonably to ensure that it can efficiently generate photovoltaic power and meet the requirements of solar thermal reflection at the same time.

[0103] The following are several wavy fold design schemes that can be adopted in this embodiment:

[0104] 1. Sine wave fold structure

[0105] Shape: Sine wave

[0106] Waveform characteristics: Adopt the standard sine wave shape, with smooth transitions between the wave peaks and wave valleys, suitable for unfolding when stretched to maintain the stability of the photovoltaic thin film.

[0107] Radian: The radian of the waveform is determined by the wavelength (λ) and amplitude (A).

[0108] Wavelength: Usually between 10 mm and 1 m, and the tightness of the waveform can be adjusted according to needs.

[0109] Amplitude: The amplitude range can be from 2 mm to 10 cm. When stretched, the amplitude decreases and the wrinkles become flatter.

[0110] Advantages: The sine-wave wrinkle structure is simple, easy to control and implement. When stretched, the waveform tends to be flat, which is suitable for high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation.

[0111] Transparency change: When stretched, the peaks and valleys flatten out and the transparency increases; when compressed, the waveform becomes denser and the transparency decreases.

[0112] 2. Sawtooth-wave wrinkle structure

[0113] Shape: Sawtooth wave

[0114] Waveform characteristics: Adopting a continuous triangular waveform, the waveform changes sharply, similar to a sawtooth shape.

[0115] Tooth height: The tooth height ranges from 2 mm to 20 cm and can be adjusted according to design requirements.

[0116] Tooth width: The tooth width ranges from 5 mm to 1 m, which can produce a large transparency change.

[0117] Advantages: The sawtooth waveform can produce a large transparency change within a small displacement range, which is suitable for quickly adjusting the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation.

[0118] Transparency change: When compressed, the tooth shape becomes denser and the transparency increases; when stretched, the tooth shape unfolds and the transparency decreases.

[0119] 3. Hyperbolic-wave wrinkle structure

[0120] Shape: Hyperbolic wave

[0121] Waveform characteristics: The waveform is in the shape of a hyperbola, with a large curvature, which can adjust the transparency within a large compression / stretching range.

[0122] Radial curvature: The shape of the hyperbola is more suitable for achieving a large transparency change. When the curvature is large, it can effectively reflect infrared light.

[0123] Curvature: The curvatures on both sides of the waveform are different, and the curvature is adjusted between 5° and 30°, specifically customized according to the illumination angle of the application scenario.

[0124] Wavelength and amplitude: Calculated according to the hyperbola formula, the wavelength ranges from 20 mm to 1 m, and the amplitude can reach more than 10 mm.

[0125] Advantages: The hyperbolic waveform can make the waveform closer when compressed, improving the solar thermal reflection performance; when stretched, it can maintain a high photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0126] Transparency change: When compressed, the waveform becomes denser and the transparency decreases; when stretched, the waveform becomes flatter and the transparency increases.

[0127] 4. Elliptical waveform wrinkled structure

[0128] Shape: Elliptical waveform

[0129] Waveform characteristics: The waveform is elliptical, and the distance between the wave peaks and wave valleys is relatively uniform, forming a curve similar to an ellipse.

[0130] Arc: The curvature at both ends of the elliptical waveform is small, and the bending degree in the middle part is large, so the waveform can remain stable within a large stretching range.

[0131] Major axis of the ellipse: It can be selected between 30 mm and 1 m.

[0132] Minor axis of the ellipse: Select from 5 mm to 20 mm to control the height of the wave peak and the depth of the wave valley.

[0133] Advantages: The elliptical waveform can better control the transparency change during the change process, and has good optical properties, which is suitable for the balance of solar thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation.

[0134] Transparency change: When stretched, the waveform unfolds and the transparency increases; when compressed, the waveform becomes denser and the transparency decreases.

[0135] 5. Parabolic waveform wrinkled structure

[0136] Shape: Parabolic waveform

[0137] Waveform characteristics: The waveform is parabolic, and the distance between the wave peaks and wave valleys gradually increases, which is suitable for adjusting the transparency within a large stretching range.

[0138] Arc: The bending degree of the parabolic shape is large, and it has strong dynamic change ability.

[0139] Vertex curvature: Adjust from 20° to 45° to adapt to different photovoltaic and solar thermal reflection requirements.

[0140] Wavelength: Between 20 mm and 1 m.

[0141] Advantages: The parabolic shape can efficiently reflect infrared light and has a high solar thermal conversion efficiency.

[0142] Transparency change: When stretched, the wave peaks unfold and the transparency increases; when compressed, the waveform is tight and the transparency decreases.

[0143] 6. Hammer-shaped waveform wrinkled structure

[0144] Shape: Hammer waveform

[0145] Waveform characteristics: The waveform is in the shape of a "hammer head", that is, the waveform starts from flat, then rises sharply to form an obvious peak, and the right side of the waveform has a smooth transition.

[0146] Radial angle: The sharply rising part of the waveform forms an acute "hammer head", which is suitable for transparency changes within a certain range.

[0147] Wavelength: Between 5 mm and 1 m, relatively dense.

[0148] Degree of curvature: The curvature is relatively high, which is suitable for the requirements of solar thermal power generation.

[0149] Transparency change: When compressed, the wave peaks gather and the transparency decreases; when stretched, the wave peaks expand and the transparency increases.

[0150] In this embodiment, the wavy structure can also adopt shape memory alloy (SMA) technology, so that the wavy folds can change their shapes under external electrical stimulation and have self-recovery functions, reducing the complexity of mechanical operations. That is, the adjustable telescopic bracket is replaced by a shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy is used to drive the change of the wavy structure.

[0151] The intelligent control system of this embodiment can also integrate an AI control system and a big data analysis system, use the AI control system to analyze historical data and environmental change trends (such as solar radiation, temperature change, cloud change, etc.), and achieve predictive adjustment. For example, predict the solar radiation intensity within a period of time and automatically adjust the transparency according to the predicted value. Through continuous accumulation and analysis of big data, the system can further optimize the dynamic balance of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation and improve the adaptive ability of the system.

[0152] The AI control system and the big data analysis system dynamically adjust the transparency through real-time data collection and analysis to optimize the real-time balance of photovoltaic and solar thermal.

[0153] Specifically, the system architecture and composition of the AI control system and the big data analysis system are as follows:

[0154] The AI control system is used for intelligent analysis and decision-making based on real-time collected data (such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, etc.). The AI control system is based on machine learning algorithms (such as deep neural networks, decision trees, random forests, etc.) to automatically adjust the transparency of photovoltaic cells. It can predict the change trends of light intensity and temperature, so as to adjust the transparency in advance and avoid the fluctuation of power generation efficiency caused by over-regulation. By adopting the Reinforcement Learning algorithm, it can optimize the adjustment strategy according to the system operation state and gradually improve the overall energy efficiency.

[0155] The big data analysis system is used to analyze and process historical data, environmental change data, equipment operation status, etc. collected by sensors to support the AI system in making more accurate predictions and decisions.

[0156] The big data analysis system performs preprocessing such as denoising, standardization, and normalization on sensor data to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. Through machine learning and statistical analysis methods, prediction models of variables such as light, temperature, and humidity are established based on historical data. It realizes the prediction of the change trends of light and temperature in the next few hours or even days, so as to adjust the transparency of the photovoltaic cell in advance. Analyze the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic and solar thermal under different environmental conditions (such as seasonal changes, climate changes, etc.) and provide the optimal adjustment plan. Automatically optimize the transparency adjustment strategy of the system according to historical data and real-time sensor information to maximize the overall power generation efficiency of the system.

[0157] The operation process of the AI control system and big data analysis is as follows:

[0158] S1. Real-time data collection

[0159] Sensors such as light, temperature, and humidity collect environmental data every second and transmit it to the central processing unit.

[0160] When data is transmitted, low latency (<1 second) needs to be ensured to ensure the accuracy of real-time adjustment control.

[0161] At the same time as data collection, the data will be uploaded to the cloud platform for large-scale storage and analysis.

[0162] S2. Historical data analysis and training

[0163] Use the cloud platform to analyze the historical data collected for a long time and train the AI model to find out the correlation between light intensity, temperature and system efficiency.

[0164] Update the AI model regularly (monthly or quarterly) to adapt to factors such as seasonal changes, weather changes, and the aging of photovoltaic cells.

[0165] The AI system performs error analysis and model optimization during the training process to ensure that the system can make accurate predictions of power generation modes according to historical trends.

[0166] S3. Prediction and transparency adjustment decision

[0167] Based on real-time data and historical data, the AI control system uses the prediction model to calculate the change trends of light intensity and temperature in the next few hours.

[0168] If it is predicted that the future light intensity will increase significantly, the transparency of the photovoltaic cell will be increased in advance to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic.

[0169] If it is predicted that the temperature will rise, the system will preferentially increase the proportion of solar thermal power generation and reduce the transparency of photovoltaic cells to prevent the performance of photovoltaic cells from being affected by overheating.

[0170] S4. Dynamic Transparency Adjustment

[0171] Real-time adjustment: The AI system makes a transparency adjustment every 10 seconds based on the real-time collected light intensity and temperature data to ensure the dynamic balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation.

[0172] Intelligent feedback: The AI control system checks whether the adjusted transparency conforms to the optimization strategy through a feedback mechanism. If there are fluctuations in power generation efficiency or the temperature is too high, it will automatically correct the adjustment strategy.

[0173] S5. System Optimization and Feedback Mechanism

[0174] The system will perform self-learning and adjustment based on the actual operation results to optimize the transparency adjustment strategy.

[0175] For example, when the system finds that the solar thermal power generation efficiency is higher than that of photovoltaic in a certain environmental condition, the system will incorporate this situation into the machine learning model to enhance the intelligent decision-making ability of the system.

[0176] Regularly evaluate and optimize the AI model to ensure the accuracy and stability of long-term operation.

[0177] During the AI control system and big data analysis process, the AI control system not only focuses on the efficiency of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, but also considers multiple objectives such as temperature control and battery life. The system will comprehensively consider the requirements of different objectives, adjust the transparency to achieve the best balance in multiple dimensions. The system should be able to dynamically adjust the strategy according to external environmental changes (such as cloud occlusion, weather changes, seasonal changes). For example, in cloudy or rainy weather, the system will automatically reduce the transparency of photovoltaic cells and increase the proportion of solar thermal power generation. The system has the ability to predict the grid load. When the grid load is high, it will preferentially increase the transparency of photovoltaic cells to provide power support; while when the grid load is low, it will preferentially increase solar thermal power generation to prevent the photovoltaic cells from overheating.

[0178] The AI system collects feedback data during operation and uses reinforcement learning algorithms to optimize the control strategy. Whenever the system successfully improves the power generation efficiency by adjusting the transparency, the AI system will use this decision as the input of the optimization strategy to continuously improve the accuracy of transparency adjustment. Based on the change of environmental data, the AI control system can automatically adjust the parameters of the optimization algorithm. For example, the system can adjust the control cycle, model weights, etc. according to weather changes to ensure the optimal performance of the system under different environmental conditions.

[0179] The response time of the AI control system does not exceed 1 second, ensuring real-time response to environmental changes and making transparency adjustments. The accuracy of the prediction algorithm should reach over 90%, especially in complex weather conditions.

[0180] The AI system should have high stability, operating stably under different seasons, different light intensities, and different temperature conditions, and avoiding the instability of control strategies caused by the algorithm being too dependent on short-term data fluctuations.

[0181] The system should have robustness in the face of sensor failures, network failures, etc. If a certain sensor fails, the system should be able to self-repair through backup sensors or historical data and ensure that the system operation is not affected.

[0182] The system architecture should support subsequent expansion and upgrade. For example, it can access more environmental sensors, devices, or energy sources for more diverse regulation and optimization.

[0183] All data should be encrypted during transmission and storage to ensure data privacy and security. The AI control system needs to follow industry standards and relevant laws and regulations to ensure the compliance of data collection and processing.

[0184] By integrating the AI control system with big data analysis, the present invention can significantly improve the intelligent level of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation systems, automatically adjust transparency, and achieve dynamic balance and high-efficiency operation of the system.

[0185] The wavy fold structure of the present invention can be adjusted according to different photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation requirements, and parameters such as wavelength, amplitude, and curvature can be flexibly selected. Each design has its unique advantages and can provide the best energy conversion efficiency in different application scenarios. Which solution to choose specifically needs to be determined according to the needs of the target market, environmental light conditions, and material characteristics. In addition, this wavy semi-transparent photovoltaic cell can also be used in application scenarios such as BIPV and agricultural greenhouses that require semi-transparent photovoltaic cells.

[0186] The present invention proposes a semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, which realizes the dynamic balance between photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation by adjusting the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, thereby optimizing the energy utilization efficiency of the system. By flexibly adjusting the transparency, the present invention can, under different environmental conditions, according to external factors such as solar radiation intensity and temperature, real-time adjust the ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, thereby improving the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system and solving the problem of insufficient energy efficiency utilization in the prior art.

[0187] The present invention achieves a dynamic balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation through an adjustable wavy corrugated structure. Compared with the single fixed design of existing traditional photovoltaic cells and solar thermal mirrors, it can automatically adjust the transparency under different light intensities and temperature conditions, enabling the system to give priority to photovoltaic power generation under high-intensity sunlight, and to give priority to solar thermal power generation under low light or high-temperature conditions. This flexible adjustment mechanism greatly improves the total energy conversion efficiency of the power generation system.

[0188] In tests under actual environmental conditions, using the structure of the present invention, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cells increased by about 5% under medium light conditions, and the solar thermal conversion efficiency increased by about 15% under high-temperature conditions. Compared with traditional photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems, the present invention can provide an overall power generation efficiency increase of up to 20% under most sunlight conditions.

[0189] The present invention effectively avoids problems such as aging and damage that occur in traditional fixed photovoltaic cells and mirrors during long-term use through the wavy corrugated structure. The wavy structure can not only flexibly adjust the transparency, but also self-adjust its shape through shape memory alloy technology or a pneumatic control system, enhancing the fatigue resistance and self-repair function of the system. Through accelerated aging tests, after 1000 hours of continuous use, the performance degradation of the wavy corrugated photovoltaic cells of the present invention is less than 3%, significantly better than the performance degradation rate of more than 5% of traditional photovoltaic cells.

[0190] The present invention reduces the dependence on traditional multi-module systems by integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing cost and maintenance cost of the system. The wavy corrugated structure not only makes the installation of components more convenient, but also reduces the need for frequent adjustment caused by weather changes, thus reducing energy losses. The adjustable wavy photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, enhances the system stability, saves costs, and can significantly improve the comprehensive performance of the solar power generation system.

[0191] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal coupling system, characterized in that: The system comprises: The photothermal reflector is located at the bottom of the system and is used to reflect infrared light from sunlight for photothermal power generation; A semi-transparent photovoltaic cell having a wavy folded structure, located above the photothermal reflector, and used for absorbing visible light and ultraviolet light in sunlight to generate photovoltaic power; The adjustable telescopic bracket is used to adjust the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, thereby achieving proportional adjustment of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell adopts a flexible perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic film, and its transparency can be adjusted by stretching or compressing.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The wavy pleated structure is formed by a pre-pressing molding technology, and the spacing of the pleats is changed by mechanical stretching or compression, thereby adjusting the transparency.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The adjustable telescopic bracket is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The adjustable telescopic bracket is driven electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically to achieve automatic adjustment of the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The wavy corrugated structure includes a sinusoidal corrugated structure, a sawtooth corrugated structure, a hyperbolic corrugated structure or an elliptical corrugated structure.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a central control unit, a light sensor and a temperature sensor. The central control unit automatically adjusts the transparency in combination with the light sensor and the temperature sensor to optimize the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to solar thermal power generation.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real time and output a signal proportional to the light intensity; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the system in real time and output a signal related to the temperature change.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The intelligent control system also includes a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism. When the sensor data is abnormal or the drive system cannot work normally, the system will automatically enter a protection mode.

10. The control method of the system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The central control unit adopts the following control logic according to the light intensity and temperature signal: Light intensity control logic: Under high light intensity, photovoltaic power generation is activated first, and the adjustable telescopic bracket is stretched to increase transparency; Under low light intensity, solar thermal power generation is started first, and the adjustable telescopic bracket is compressed to reduce transparency; Temperature control logic: In high temperature environments, solar thermal power generation is started first, and the adjustable telescopic bracket is compressed to reduce light absorption by photovoltaic cells to avoid overheating; In low temperature environments, photovoltaic power generation is started first, and the adjustable telescopic bracket is stretched to increase transparency.

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