A method for cultivating and planting kiwifruit cultivar 123

Abstract

The application discloses a kiwi fruit 123 cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. The application uses straw extract, humic acid, urea and the like as raw materials to prepare overwintering fertilizer, applies the overwintering fertilizer to soil and plants kiwi fruit seedlings, does not prune the seedlings that germinate, plants dry stems after leaf fall in autumn, selects main stems in spring of the next year, prunes the seedlings when the plants grow to 1.8 m, forms a dry stem and two vine trees, and on the basis, mainly cultivates fruiting branches to form a feather-shaped tree, and the cultivation management is completed. The application uses a combination of enterobacter cloacae, rose-colored kockia and hartwood mold as fermentation strains to ferment straw to prepare straw fermentation, and uses the straw extract as a main raw material to prepare overwintering fertilizer, which can improve the stability of the cell membrane, the sugar content and the enzyme activity of the ROS scavenging system, thereby improving the tolerance of the kiwi fruit to low-temperature environment, and further ensuring that the kiwi fruit can safely overwinter in the planting process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a kiwi fruit 123 cultivation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Kiwi fruit is a perennial deciduous liana of Dicotyledoneae Parietales Actinidiaceae Actinidia. Kiwi fruit is rich in VC and other vitamins, dietary fiber, zinc and selenium and other trace elements, and 17 kinds of amino acids required by human body, etc. It has high nutritional value, medical care effect and economic value, and is known as "King of Fruits" and "Green Gold", and is loved by consumers and growers.

[0003] Potential climate factors affecting kiwi fruit distribution include safe wintering, heat resources, water conditions, light resources, etc. Among them, the most important factor affecting kiwi fruit planting is safe wintering. When the low temperature time in winter is insufficient, the plant needs insufficient cold, and it is difficult to naturally hibernate; the climate suitable area of kiwi fruit is -2℃~10℃, and the lower the temperature, the plant may not be safe overwintering, and the kiwi fruit is poor in cold resistance, and when the temperature is continuously lower than -10℃, it will cause frost damage, thereby causing serious economic loss. At present, the main anti-freezing measures of kiwi fruit during wintering include: increasing organic fertilizer to enhance tree vigor, whitening or brushing anti-freezing agent on the tree body, using wheat straw to bundle the tree body for anti-freezing, etc. Among them, whitening or brushing anti-freezing agent on the tree body is simple in operation, low in cost, but short in effective period, and after encountering rain washing, strong wind and other bad weather, it is easy to fall off, and needs to be whitened in time, thereby increasing the management cost and workload. Using wheat straw to bundle the tree body for anti-freezing does not need special technology and equipment, and is easy for farmers to master, but the bundled materials such as wheat straw are easy to be mildewed by moisture, breed bacteria and pests, which may cause harm to the tree body. Moreover, the bundling operation is time-consuming and laborious, especially for large-area planting, the workload is large. Increasing organic fertilizer to enhance tree vigor can improve the cold resistance of the tree itself, and create a relatively stable environment for the root system, and the organic fertilizer has long-lasting effect, which can continuously provide nutrients for the tree body for a long time.

[0004] In the prior art, CN106818006A discloses a kiwi water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method, wherein the overwintering fertilizer includes commercial organic fertilizer and low-nitrogen high-phosphorus low-potassium fertilizer, but the nutrient diversity is poor, and long-term use may cause trace element deficiency in the soil, causing the kiwi to have nutrient deficiency symptoms, thereby affecting fruit quality and yield. CN113548928A discloses a compound fertilizer for kiwi planting, which includes plants containing natural pesticide components, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid chelate fertilizer, humic acid, potassium chloride, borax, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate and superphosphoric acid calcium, and the compound fertilizer is used for kiwi overwintering fertilizer. However, the plants containing natural pesticide components have difficulty in ensuring the content and stability of the effective components, and the degradation of the plants in the soil is not clear, which may have potential impact on the ecological environment, thereby destroying the structure and function of the soil microbial community.

[0005] Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop a kiwi planting method to ensure that the kiwi can safely overwinter. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a one-two-three kiwi cultivation and planting method. The specific steps are as follows: overwintering fertilizer is prepared by using straw extract, humic acid, urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, borax, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate as raw materials, the soil is plowed and the overwintering fertilizer is applied, the kiwi seedlings are planted, the plants are not pruned after germination to promote root development, the dry branches are pruned after leaf fall in autumn, and the main branches are cultured with full buds in the following spring, the plants are pruned when they grow to 1.8 m to form a one-dry-two-vine tree shape, and on this basis, the fruiting branches are mainly cultured to form a feather-shaped tree shape, and the cultivation and management are completed. The present application uses Enterobacter cloacae, rose-colored Coccidioides seed liquid and Harz wood mold combination as fermentation strains for fermenting straw to prepare straw fermented material, and the overwintering fertilizer prepared by using straw extract as the main raw material can improve the stability of cell membrane, the content of sugar and amino acid, and the enzyme activity of ROS scavenging system, thereby improving the tolerance of kiwi to low temperature environment, and further ensuring that the kiwi can safely overwinter during planting.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0008] The present application provides a one-two-three kiwi cultivation and planting method, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) First year root cultivation: after the soil for planting kiwi is plowed, overwintering fertilizer is applied, then kiwi seedlings are planted, and the plants are not pruned after germination to promote root development of the plants in combination with field management;

[0010] The overwintering fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of straw fermented material, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5-3.5 parts of borax, 2-3 parts of magnesium chloride, 3-4 parts of zinc sulfate, and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate.

[0011] (2) The second year of tree cultivation: after leaf fall in autumn, the above-ground part of the plant is pruned and retracted, and full buds are selected and fixed to the trunk. In the spring of the following year, full buds are selected as main vines on the fixed trunk, and other buds are removed. When the height of the plant is greater than or equal to 1.8 m, pinching is performed, thereby forming a one-trunk two-vine tree shape.

[0012] (3) The third year of shaping: pruning and water and fertilizer management are performed to form a one-trunk two-vine feather tree shape, and then bud wiping, pinching, vine binding, and shaping are performed. After the kiwi fruit matures, it can be picked.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the pH of the soil where the kiwi fruit is planted is 5.5-7.0, and the depth of plowing is 60-80 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the application amount of the overwintering fertilizer is 200-240 kg / acre.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the planting time is from March to April each year, the depth of the planting hole is 40-60 cm, the width of the planting hole is 0.5-0.7 m, the plant spacing is (2.5-3) m x (3-4) m, and the ratio of female to male plants is (8-10):1.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the field management is that the survived kiwi fruit seedlings are applied with nitrogen fertilizer twice a month, and the application amount of each time is 100-200 g / plant. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the straw fermented material is prepared by the following method:

[0018] The mulberry enterobacterium seed liquid, the rose-colored kokkium seed liquid, and the harz wood mold seed liquid are mixed to obtain a mixed seed liquid. The mixed seed liquid is inoculated into straw, and after fermentation culture, filtration and drying, the straw fermented material is obtained.

[0019] Further preferably, the strain number of the mulberry enterobacterium is CICC 24161, the strain number of the rose-colored kokkium is CICC 10190, and the strain number of the harz wood mold is CICC 13056.

[0020] Further preferably, the volume ratio of the Enterobacter agglomerans seed liquid, the Roseburia hominis seed liquid and the Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid is (0.3-0.5):(0.3-0.5):(0.8-1.2).

[0021] Further preferably, the total viable bacterial count in the mixed seed liquid is ≥10 8 cfu / mL.

[0022] Further preferably, the inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 3-5% of the weight of the straw.

[0023] Further preferably, the straw is wheat straw, and the moisture content of the wheat straw is 35-45%.

[0024] Further preferably, the fermentation temperature is 30-35℃, and the fermentation time is 3-5 days.

[0025] Preferably, in step (2), the dryness is determined at a distance of 12-20 cm from the ground.

[0026] Preferably, in step (3), the bud wiping treatment is performed in spring, the pinching treatment, the vine binding treatment and the shaping treatment are performed in summer.

[0027] Advantages of the present application:

[0028] The present application adopts the straw fermentation product, humic acid, urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, borax, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate to prepare the overwintering fertilizer, applies the overwintering fertilizer to the soil to be planted to enhance the soil fertility, so as to ensure that the kiwi plants can safely overwinter. Then the kiwi seedlings are planted, and after germination, the plants are not pruned, but are allowed to grow freely to promote the root development of the plants. In the second year of planting, the aboveground parts of the plants are pruned back in autumn after leaf fall, and the full buds are selected for dryness determination. In the following spring, the full buds are selected as the main stem for cultivation, and other buds are wiped off. When the plants grow to 1.8 m, the pinching treatment is performed to promote the formation of one stem and two vine tree shape. In the third year of planting, the focus is on cultivating the fruiting branches to form a feather-like tree shape, and after cultivation and management, the kiwi plants can be obtained.

[0029] The overwintering fertilizer prepared by the present application can improve the stability of the cell membrane, the content of sugars and amino acids, and the enzyme activity of the ROS scavenging system, thereby improving the tolerance of kiwi to low temperature environment, and further ensuring that the kiwi can safely overwinter during planting. The Enterobacter agglomerans, Roseburia hominis and Trichoderma harzianum are used as fermentation strains to ferment straw to prepare a straw fermentation product. The three strains have a synergistic effect on improving the overwintering ability of kiwi. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further description of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0031] In the prior art, the cold tolerance of kiwifruit is poor, and when the temperature is continuously lower than-10 DEG C, it will cause freezing injury, thereby causing serious economic loss. The anti-freezing measures for safe overwintering of kiwifruit include: increasing organic fertilizer to enhance tree vigor, whitewashing or brushing antifreeze on the tree body, using wheat straw to bundle the tree body for antifreeze, etc. Among them, the tree body is treated by brushing white and bundling the tree body, but when large-area kiwifruit planting is carried out, the workload is large and a large amount of labor cost and time cost are consumed.

[0032] Based on this, the application provides a kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method. Specifically, in the first year of root cultivation, kiwifruit seedlings are planted, and after germination, the plants are not pruned, but are allowed to grow freely to promote root development; in the second year of planting, the above-ground part of the plant is pruned back in the autumn after leaf fall, and full buds are selected for trunking, and in the spring of the next year, full buds are selected as the main trunk, and other buds are removed, and when the plant grows to 1.8 m, pinching is performed to promote the formation of one-trunk two-vine tree shape; in the third year of planting, the focus is on cultivating fruiting branches to form a one-trunk two-vine feather tree shape, and after cultivation and management, it is ready.

[0033] The application adopts Enterobacter cloacae, rose-colored koji seed liquid and Trichoderma harzianum in combination as fermentation strains for fermenting straws to prepare straw fermentation products, and uses the straw fermentation products as raw materials to prepare the overwintering fertilizer together with humic acid, urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, borax, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate. Enterobacter cloacae, rose-colored koji seed liquid and Trichoderma harzianum in combination as fermentation strains for fermenting straws to prepare straw fermentation products have synergistic effects on improving the overwintering ability of kiwifruits due to the characteristics of the three strains. The straw extract can improve the stability of the cell membrane, prevent the outflow of intracellular substances, maintain the normal physiological functions and metabolic activities of cells, reduce the damage of low temperature to cells, and improve the overwintering ability of kiwifruits. The straw extract can also promote the accumulation of osmoregulation substances such as sugars and amino acids in kiwifruit plants. These substances can reduce the freezing point of cell sap, increase the osmotic pressure of cells, make the cells not easy to freeze and dehydrate in a low-temperature environment, maintain the turgor pressure of cells, ensure the normal physiological functions of cells, and enhance the cold resistance of kiwifruits. The straw fermentation product can also induce the enhancement of the enzyme activity in the ROS removal system of kiwifruit plants, these enzymes can timely remove excessive ROS in cells, reduce oxidative damage, make the kiwifruits maintain normal physiological metabolism in a low-temperature environment, and improve the overwintering ability of the kiwifruits. Meanwhile, Enterobacter cloacae, rose-colored koji seed liquid and Trichoderma harzianum in combination as fermentation strains for fermenting straws to prepare straw fermentation products have synergistic effects on improving the overwintering ability of kiwifruits due to the characteristics of the three strains.

[0034] After the fallen leaves in autumn, the plant enters the dormancy period, at this time, pruning is carried out to remove the dry branches, diseased branches, over-dense branches and the branches with poor growth, which can reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption and make the plant store more nutrients in winter to prepare for the growth next year. The full buds are selected and fixed at a height of 15-20 cm from the ground to determine the height of the main stem and the growth direction of the plant. The full buds have stronger growth vigor, which can ensure the main stem to grow healthily and the fixed height to be moderate, which is beneficial to the stable root growth of the plant and the subsequent management. Spring is a key period for the growth of the plant, and the main stem is cultivated by selecting appropriate full buds on the fixed stem, which can supply nutrients to the main stem, so that the main stem grows rapidly and sturdily. The remaining buds are removed to avoid the dispersion of nutrients, ensure the growth advantage of the main stem and stabilize the structure of the plant. When the plant grows to 1.8 m, the top is removed, which utilizes the principle of apical dominance to remove the top growth point, inhibit the growth of the top and promote the plant to allocate more nutrients to the lateral branches, so as to promote the growth of the lateral branches and gradually form a tree shape of one main stem and two branches. On the basis of the formed tree shape of one main stem and two branches, the cultivation of the fruiting branch is a key task, the fruiting branch is an important branch for flowering and fruiting next year, the branch with strong growth and full bud eye is selected as the fruiting branch, and through reasonable pruning and nutrient regulation, the fruiting branch can accumulate enough nutrients to lay a solid foundation for the subsequent flower bud differentiation and fruiting. In spring, with the rise of temperature, the plant begins to sprout new buds, and timely bud removal can remove the redundant buds, avoid excessive dispersion of nutrients, retain the buds with appropriate position and strong growth, ensure the concentrated supply of nutrients to the required branches, and promote the growth of the plant and the development of the fruiting branch. In summer, the plant grows vigorously, and the second time of top removal can control the growth length of the branches and promote the secondary growth of the lateral branches and the differentiation of flower buds. The branch binding is to uniformly fix the branches on the support, so that the plant is reasonably distributed, the space is fully utilized, and the branches are prevented from being broken due to wind blowing or self weight. The shaping is to adjust the whole plant according to the requirements of the tree shape of one main stem and two branches, remove the over-dense, crossed and overgrown branches, so that the tree shape is more regular, the ventilation and lighting conditions are better, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, and the yield and quality of the fruit are improved.

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0036] The experimental materials used in the embodiments of the present application are all conventional experimental materials in the art, and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0037] In the present application, Enterobacter cloacae (CICC 10001) Enterobacter mori ), Kocuria rosea (CICC 10002) Kocuria rosea ) and Trichoderma harzianum (CICC 10003) Trichoderma harzianum ) are purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center (CICC), wherein, Enterobacter cloacae (CICC 10001) Enterobacter moriThe strain number of Enterococcus casseliflavus (E. Kocuria rosea The strain number of Trichoderma harzianum (T. Trichoderma harzianum The strain number of Trichoderma harzianum (T.

[0038] The kiwi seedling variety adopted in the present application is "Taishan No. 1", the test soil is Taidong test demonstration base of Shandong Fruit Tree Research Institute, East longitude 116°20'-117°59', North latitude 35°38'-36°28', annual average precipitation 697mm, temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, neutral to acid sandy soil, organic matter content 1%, alkali hydrolysis nitrogen content 19-43 mg / kg, phosphorus content 21-34 mg / kg, potassium content 32-68 mg / kg.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] (1) The Enterococcus casseliflavus seed liquid, the Enterococcus casseliflavus seed liquid and the Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid are mixed in a volume ratio of 0.4:0.4:1 to obtain a mixed seed liquid, and the total viable count of the mixed seed liquid is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL;

[0041] The wheat straw is washed, pulverized and dried to a water content of 40%, the mixed seed liquid is inoculated into the straw, the inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 4% of the weight of the straw, and the fermentation culture is carried out at 32°C for 4 days; after the fermentation is completed, the liquid after filtration is collected and dried to obtain the straw extract;

[0042] 15 parts of straw fermentation, 25 parts of humic acid, 25 parts of urea, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 12 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of borax, 2.5 parts of magnesium chloride, 3.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate are mixed to obtain a wintering fertilizer;

[0043] (2) The soil with pH 6.5 is selected and subjected to plowing treatment, the plowing depth is 60-80 cm, the wintering fertilizer is applied after plowing, the application amount of the wintering fertilizer is 220 kg / mu, then the kiwi seedlings are planted on March 20, in the planting process, the planting hole depth is 50 cm, the planting hole width is 0.6 m, the plant spacing is 2.8 m x 3.5 m, and the ratio of female to male plants is 9:1;

[0044] After germination, the plants are not pruned, and field management is combined to promote the root development of the kiwi seedlings, specifically, the survived kiwi seedlings are applied with urea twice a month, and the application amount of each time is 150 g / plant;

[0045] (3) After the leaves fall in autumn, the above-ground part of the plant is pruned back, and full buds are selected and fixed at a distance of 16 cm from the ground. In the spring of the following year, full buds are selected on the fixed plants to cultivate the main stem, and other buds are removed. When the plant height is greater than or equal to 1.8 m, pinching is performed to form a one-trunk two-vine tree shape;

[0046] (4) On the basis of the one-trunk two-vine tree shape, pruning treatment and water and fertilizer management are performed on the plant, and the focus is on cultivating the fruiting branches to form a one-trunk two-vine feather tree shape. Then, in the spring, bud pruning is performed, and in the summer, pinching, vine binding, and shaping are performed. After the kiwi fruit matures, it can be picked.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] (1) The Enterobacter agglomerans seed liquid, the Rose Kocuria seed liquid, and the Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid are mixed at a volume ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.8 to obtain a mixed seed liquid. The total viable count of the mixed seed liquid is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL;

[0049] The wheat straw is washed, crushed, and dried to a moisture content of 35%. The mixed seed liquid is inoculated into the straw, and the inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 3% of the weight of the straw. The fermentation culture is carried out at 30°C for 3 days. After the fermentation is completed, the liquid after filtration is collected and dried to obtain the straw extract;

[0050] 10 parts of straw fermentation, 20 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of borax, 2 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, and 5 parts of ferrous sulfate are mixed to obtain a wintering fertilizer;

[0051] (2) Soil with a pH of 6.5 is selected and subjected to plowing treatment with a plowing depth of 60 cm. After plowing, the wintering fertilizer is applied at an amount of 200 kg / acre. Then, on March 20, kiwi seedlings are planted. During the planting process, the planting hole depth is 40 cm, the planting hole width is 0.5 m, the plant spacing is 2.5 m x 3 m, and the ratio of female to male plants is 8:1.

[0052] After germination, the plants are not pruned, and field management is performed to promote the root development of the kiwi seedlings. Specifically, the survived kiwi seedlings are applied with urea twice a month, and each time the application amount is 100 g / plant.

[0053] (3) After the leaves fall in autumn, the above-ground part of the plant is pruned back, and full buds are selected and fixed at a distance of 12 cm from the ground. In the spring of the following year, full buds are selected on the fixed plants to cultivate the main stem, and other buds are removed. When the plant height is greater than or equal to 1.8 m, pinching is performed to form a one-trunk two-vine tree shape;

[0054] (4) On the basis of one trunk and two vine tree shape, pruning treatment and water and fertilizer management are carried out on the plants, and the fruiting mother branches are mainly cultivated to form one trunk and two vine feather-shaped tree shape, then bud rubbing treatment is carried out in spring, summer, and summer, and shaping treatment is carried out. After the kiwi is ripe, it can be picked up.

[0055] Example 3:

[0056] (1) The Enterobacter cloacae seed liquid, the Roseate Kocuria seed liquid and the Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid are mixed in a volume ratio of 0.5:0.5:1.2 to obtain a mixed seed liquid, and the total viable count of the mixed seed liquid is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL;

[0057] The wheat straw is washed, crushed and dried to a water content of 45%, and the mixed seed liquid is inoculated into the straw, wherein the inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 5% of the weight of the straw. Fermentation culture is carried out at 35°C for 5 days. After fermentation is completed, filtration is carried out, the filtered liquid is collected and dried to obtain the straw extract;

[0058] 20 parts of straw fermentation product, 30 parts of humic acid, 30 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 3.5 parts of borax, 3 parts of magnesium chloride, 4 parts of zinc sulfate and 10 parts of ferrous sulfate are mixed to obtain a wintering fertilizer;

[0059] (2) The soil with pH of 6.5 is selected and subjected to ploughing treatment, and the ploughing depth is 80 cm. After ploughing, the wintering fertilizer is applied, and the application amount of the wintering fertilizer is 240 kg / mu. Then, the kiwi seedlings are planted on March 20. During the planting process, the planting hole depth is 60 cm, the planting hole width is 0.7 m, the plant spacing is 3 m x 4 m, and the ratio of female to male plants is 10:1.

[0060] After germination, the plants are not subjected to pruning treatment, and field management is combined to promote the root development of the kiwi seedlings. Specifically, the survived kiwi seedlings are applied with urea twice a month, and the application amount of each time is 200 g / plant.

[0061] (3) After the leaves fall in autumn, the aboveground part of the plant is pruned and retracted, and full buds are selected and fixed at a distance of 16 cm from the ground. In the next spring, full buds are selected to cultivate the main trunk on the fixed plants, and other buds are removed. When the plant height is ≥1.8 m, the pinching treatment is carried out to form a one trunk and two vine tree shape.

[0062] (4) On the basis of one trunk and two vine tree shape, pruning treatment and water and fertilizer management are carried out on the plants, and the fruiting mother branches are mainly cultivated to form one trunk and two vine feather-shaped tree shape, then bud rubbing treatment is carried out in spring, summer, and summer, and shaping treatment is carried out. After the kiwi is ripe, it can be picked up.

[0063] Comparative Example 1:

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the straw extract is wheat straw.

[0065] Comparative Example 2:

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mixed seed solution is only Enterobacter radicicola seed solution, and the viable cell count of the mixed seed solution is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL.

[0067] Comparative Example 3:

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mixed seed solution is only Roseburia faecicola seed solution, and the viable cell count of the mixed seed solution is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL.

[0069] Comparative Example 4:

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mixed seed solution is only Trichoderma harzianum seed solution, and the viable cell count of the mixed seed solution is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL.

[0071] Test Example 1: Cold Tolerance Test

[0072] The kiwi seedlings in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested for cold tolerance according to the method in the paper “Physiological Response and Cold Tolerance Evaluation of Kiwifruit During Wintering Period” (Mao Kexin, Shandong Agricultural University, May 2022). On February 15 of the year after planting, samples were taken, and the branches after sampling were treated at -20°C for 12h, avoiding the bud eye, and mixed evenly as the low temperature treatment sample. The cold tolerance detection indexes include: relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, proline content, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and the results are shown in Tables 1-3.

[0073] Table 1: Relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content

[0074]

[0075] Relative conductivity is an important physiological index reflecting the status of plant membrane system. When plants are subjected to low temperature stress, cell membrane organization is easily damaged, and cytosol exosmosis occurs, resulting in increased relative conductivity. Therefore, the higher the relative conductivity, the higher the degree of damage to the surface plant cells, and the poorer the cold tolerance. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of membrane lipid peroxidation and can reflect the degree of plant damage. The higher the content of malondialdehyde, the higher the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation, and the more serious the damage to the cell membrane.

[0076] As can be seen from Table 1, after applying the overwintering fertilizer prepared by the present application, the relative electrical conductivity is 21%, and the content of malondialdehyde is 1.9 μmol / L, compared with the blank control group (comparative example 1), the relative electrical conductivity is reduced by 11%, and the content of malondialdehyde is reduced to 3.3 μmol / L, while in comparative example 2, only Enterobacter agglomerans is used as a fermentation strain, the relative electrical conductivity is 29%, and the content of malondialdehyde is 4.3 μmol / L; in comparative example 3, only Kocuria rosea is used as a fermentation strain, the relative electrical conductivity is 28%, and the content of malondialdehyde is 4.5 μmol / L; in comparative example 4, only Trichoderma harzianum is used as a fermentation strain, the relative electrical conductivity is 30%, and the content of malondialdehyde is 4.2 μmol / L. It can be seen that the combination of Enterobacter agglomerans, Kocuria rosea seed liquid and Trichoderma harzianum as a fermentation strain has a synergistic effect on reducing the content of malondialdehyde and the relative electrical conductivity.

[0077] Table 2 Soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline content

[0078]

[0079] The increase of soluble sugar content can reduce the freezing point, promote the metabolic reaction of the tissue, and accumulate the synthesis of protein and fat, thereby avoiding the damage of low temperature to the plant body. Soluble protein is an important osmoregulation substance, and the increase of its content can improve the water retention capacity of cells and protect the life substances and biological membranes of cells. Proline is an extremely important osmoregulation substance, and its content reflects the stress resistance of plants to a certain extent. Due to the strong hydrophilicity of proline, it can stabilize the metabolism process in protoplasm colloid and tissue, thereby reducing the freezing point and preventing the damage of freezing to the cell membrane tissue. It can be seen that the higher the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline are, the better the cold resistance is.

[0080] As can be seen from Table 2, after applying the overwintering fertilizer of the present embodiment, the soluble sugar content of the kiwi seedlings is 72.5 mg / g, the soluble protein content is 520.3 mg / g, and the proline content is 102.3 μg / g. The soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and proline content are all higher than those of the kiwi seedlings in comparative examples 1-4. It can be seen that the overwintering fertilizer prepared by the present application can significantly improve the cold resistance of kiwi.

[0081] Table 3 Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activity

[0082]

[0083] Superoxide dismutase can eliminate superoxide anion free radicals in the plant body, maintain the oxidation and antioxidant balance of the body, and avoid cell damage. Peroxidase is a kind of enzyme with high activity in the plant body, which is related to plant respiration, photosynthesis, auxin oxidation, etc., can catalyze the toxic substances generated in the oxidation-reduction reaction, protect the cells, and plays an important role in the growth and development of plants and external stress. Catalase can promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into molecular oxygen and water, eliminate hydrogen peroxide in the body, so as to protect the cells from the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide, and is one of the key enzymes in the biological defense system.

[0084] As can be seen from Table 3, the SOD activity of the kiwi fruit after the overwintering fertilizer of the application is 92.5 U / g, the POD activity is 160.6 U / g, and the CAT enzyme activity is 31.8 U / g. Compared with the blank control group (comparative example 1), the SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities are increased by 25.4 U / g, 89.7 U / g and 17.2 U / g, respectively, which are much higher than the SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities in comparative examples 1-4. It can be seen that the overwintering fertilizer prepared by the application can improve the cold resistance of kiwi fruit by increasing the SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities.

[0085] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating kiwifruit using a three-stage cultivation system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) First year of root cultivation: After tilling the soil for planting kiwifruit, apply winter fertilizer, then transplant the kiwifruit seedlings. After the seedlings sprout, do not prune the plants. Instead, use field management to promote root development. The overwintering fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts fermented straw, 20-30 parts humic acid, 20-30 parts urea, 15-25 parts potassium chloride, 10-15 parts potassium sulfate, 2.5-3.5 parts borax, 2-3 parts magnesium chloride, 3-4 parts zinc sulfate, and 5-10 parts ferrous sulfate. Straw fermentation products are prepared by the following method: The seed liquid of Enterobacter mulberry, the seed liquid of Coxella rosea and the seed liquid of Trichoderma harzianum were mixed to obtain a mixed seed liquid. The mixed seed liquid was inoculated into straw, and after fermentation, it was filtered and dried to obtain the straw fermentation product. (2) Tree cultivation in the second year: After the leaves fall in autumn, the above-ground parts of the plant are pruned and shortened, plump buds are selected and the trunk is fixed. In the spring of the following year, plump buds on the plant after the trunk is fixed are selected as the main vines for cultivation, while other buds are removed. When the plant height is ≥1.8m, the tip is pinched off to form a tree shape with one trunk and two vines. (3) Shaping in the third year: Prune the plant and manage water and fertilizer to form a feather-like tree shape with one trunk and two vines. Then perform bud removal, pinching, vine tying and shaping. The kiwifruit can be harvested after it matures.

2. The kiwifruit cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the pH of the soil to be planted with kiwifruit is 5.5-7.0, the tillage depth is 60-80cm, and the amount of winter fertilizer applied is 200-240kg / mu.

3. The kiwifruit cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the planting time is from March to April each year, the depth of the planting hole is 40-60cm, the width of the planting hole is 0.5-0.7m, the plant spacing is (2.5-3)m×(3-4)m, and the ratio of male to female plants is (8-10):

1.

4. The kiwifruit cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strain number of Enterobacter mulii is CICC 24161, the strain number of Coxella rosea is CICC 10190, and the strain number of Trichoderma harzianum is CICC13056.

5. The kiwifruit cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of *Enterobacter mulberryis* seed culture, *Coxella rosea* seed culture, and *Trichoderma harzianum* seed culture was (0.3-0.5):(0.3-0.5):(0.8-1.2); the total viable count in the mixed seed culture was ≥10. 8 cfu / mL.

6. The kiwifruit cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 3-5% of the weight of straw, the fermentation temperature is 30-35℃, and the fermentation time is 3-5 days; the straw is wheat straw with a moisture content of 35-45%.

7. The kiwifruit cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), field management is as follows: apply nitrogen fertilizer twice a month to the surviving kiwi seedlings, with an application amount of 100-200g / plant each time. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea.

8. The kiwifruit cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the pruning is carried out at a distance of 12-20cm from the ground.

9. The kiwifruit cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), bud removal is carried out in spring, and pinching, vine tying and shaping are carried out in summer.

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