Multi-air-supply coal dry separation device and separation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal separation equipment, and provides a multi-air-supply coal dry separation device and a separation method.The multi-air-supply coal dry separation device comprises a rack; the bed body is arranged on the rack in a vibrating mode, a plurality of air distribution cavities, a plurality of air inlets and a plurality of air outlets are formed in the bed body in the transverse direction, the air inlets and the air outlets correspondingly communicate with the air distribution cavities, and the air outlets are formed in the top walls of the air distribution cavities in an array mode; the air distribution plate is vertically arranged in the air distribution cavity in a sliding mode along the inner wall of the bed body, cleaning rods corresponding to the air outlets one to one are arranged at the top of the air distribution plate, and the air distribution plate can drive the cleaning rods to slide upwards to enable the cleaning rods to penetrate through the air outlets so as to push materials blocked in the air outlets from bottom to top. By means of the technical scheme, the technical problem that in the prior art, an air outlet in the sorting bed face of a coal dry separation device is difficult to clean after being blocked is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of coal preparation equipment. Specifically, it relates to a multi-air supply coal dry separation device and a separation method. Background Art

[0002] As an efficient coal separation technology, coal dry separation realizes the separation of coal and gangue through the action of wind force and vibration, and is of great significance in the fields of energy conservation, environmental protection and resource utilization. Existing coal dry separation devices usually set up an air distribution chamber inside the separation bed body, and provide an upward air flow to the material layer through the air outlet on the top wall of the bed body to achieve the stratification of materials with different densities. However, during long-term operation, the air outlet is easily blocked by fine-grained materials, resulting in uneven air flow distribution, decreased separation efficiency, and even equipment shutdown.

[0003] Regarding the problem of air outlet blockage, traditional solutions mainly rely on manual shutdown and cleaning. This method not only consumes manpower and material resources, but also seriously affects production continuity. Some technologies attempt to use mechanical or air flow-assisted cleaning, but there are problems such as the cleaning mechanism and the air supply system being independently set, resulting in a complex structure, the cleaning power not being coordinated with the separation air supply system, and poor adaptability to different blockage degrees. In addition, existing devices mostly adopt a single air supply area or a simple partitioned air supply design, and it is difficult to dynamically adjust the air supply parameters of each area according to the differences in material characteristics, further increasing the risk of air outlet blockage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above defects, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-air supply coal dry separation device and a separation method, which solve the technical problem that it is difficult to clean the air outlet on the separation bed surface of the existing coal dry separation device.

[0005] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-air supply coal dry separation device, including: A frame; A bed body, which is vibratably arranged on the frame. A plurality of air distribution cavities are transversely opened inside the bed body, and a plurality of air inlets and a plurality of air outlets corresponding to and communicating with the air distribution cavities are provided. Among them, a plurality of the air outlets are arranged in an array on the top wall of the air distribution cavity; An air distribution plate, which is vertically slidably arranged in the air distribution cavity along the inner wall of the bed body. The top of the air distribution plate has a cleaning rod corresponding to each air outlet. The air distribution plate can drive the cleaning rod to slide upward so that the cleaning rod passes through the air outlet to push the materials blocked in the air outlet from bottom to top.

[0006] For example, a multi-air supply coal dry separation device provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention further includes: Partition plates, with a number of said partition plates vertically arranged at intervals along the length direction of the bed body inside the bed body, dividing the interior of the bed body into a number of air distribution chambers; Air supply devices, with a number of said air supply devices, and a number of said air supply devices can all communicate with one and / or more of the said air distribution chambers.

[0007] For example, a coal dry separation device with multiple air supplies provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention further includes: Mounting plates, which are arranged inside the air distribution chambers and below the air distribution plates; Ventilation tubes, one end of which is penetrated and arranged on the mounting plate, and the other end of which communicates with an external air source; Piston rods, one end of which is arranged at the bottom of the air distribution plate, and the other end of which is slidably arranged inside the ventilation tube. The piston rods are arranged such that after the ventilation tube is ventilated, the air pressure pushes the piston rods to slide upward inside the ventilation tube to push the air distribution plate to slide close to the top wall of the bed body.

[0008] For example, in a coal dry separation device with multiple air supplies provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention, a number of said piston rods are evenly arranged at the bottom of the air distribution plate. The ventilation tubes correspond to the piston rods one by one, and the ends of the ventilation tubes away from the mounting plates communicate with each other.

[0009] For example, in a coal dry separation device with multiple air supplies provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention, the ends of the ventilation tubes away from the mounting plates face the air inlet. The coal dry separation device with multiple air supplies further includes: Connecting tubes, one end of which is connected to the side wall of the air inlet. The inner diameter of the connecting tube gradually decreases in the direction away from the air distribution chamber. The air supply device is connected to the other end of the connecting tube to communicate with the air inlet; Sliding tubes, which are slidably connected to the inner wall of the end of the ventilation tube away from the mounting plate and the other end is located inside the air distribution chamber. The sliding tubes are arranged such that after sliding close to the connecting tubes, they abut against the inner walls of the connecting tubes to cut off the communication between the air supply devices and the air distribution chambers, so that the air supply devices communicate with the ventilation tubes through the connecting tubes and the sliding tubes.

[0010] For example, a coal dry separation device with multiple air supplies provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention further includes: Buffer rings, which are arranged at the ends of the sliding tubes close to the connecting tubes. The buffer rings are arranged such that after the sliding tubes gradually slide close to the connecting tubes, the buffer rings abut against the inner walls of the connecting tubes.

[0011] For example, in at least one embodiment of the present invention, a coal dry sorting device with multiple air supplies is provided, wherein the diameter of the buffer ring gradually increases toward the connecting tube, and the maximum outer diameter of the buffer ring is greater than the minimum inner diameter of the connecting tube.

[0012] For example, in at least one embodiment of the present invention, a coal dry separation device with multiple air supplies is provided, wherein a plurality of the cleaning rods can be detachably mounted on the air distribution plate.

[0013] For example, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-air supply coal dry separation device, which also includes: A telescopic member is arranged on a side wall of the ventilation cylinder at one end close to the air inlet, and an extended end of the telescopic member is connected to the sliding cylinder to drive the sliding cylinder to slide.

[0014] According to another aspect, the present invention also provides a coal sorting method, comprising: S1. Screening: changing the connection relationship between several air supply devices and several air inlets according to the characteristics of the materials to be sorted, so as to adjust the wind pressure in several air distribution cavities, and sorting the materials after the adjustment is completed; S2. Cleaning: When the air outlet of the bed needs to be cleaned, the air distribution plate drives the cleaning rod to slide upward close to the top wall of the bed, so that the cleaning rod pushes the material blocked in the air inlet from bottom to top.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are: In the present invention, a number of air distribution chambers arranged in the bed body form independent air supply units through corresponding air inlets and air outlets. The air supply parameters of each air distribution chamber can be adjusted individually according to the coal sorting requirements, thereby improving the flexibility and adaptability of the sorting process. The coordinated design of the air distribution plate and the cleaning rod integrates the cleaning function into the air distribution system. When the air outlet is blocked, the air distribution plate can be vertically slid without stopping the machine, so that the cleaning rod passes through the air outlet to push the blocked material, thereby realizing automatic cleaning of the air outlet. This bottom-up cleaning method can effectively remove the materials blocked in the air outlet, avoid the manpower consumption and downtime caused by manual cleaning, and ensure the continuity of the coal sorting process. At the same time, the one-to-one corresponding arrangement of the cleaning rod and the air outlet ensures that each air outlet can be cleaned in a targeted manner, improves the cleaning efficiency and effect, and further ensures the stable operation of the air distribution system, so that the coal dry sorting device can continue to maintain good sorting performance, and solves the problem of the difficulty in cleaning the air outlet of the coal dry sorting device in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the content of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of a multi-air supply coal dry separation device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 For Figure 1 Front view of the structure of a multi-air supply coal dry separation device in an embodiment of Figure 3 For Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of a multi-air supply coal dry separation device in an embodiment of Figure 4 For Figure 3 Enlarged view at position A in Figure 5 For Figure 3 Enlarged view at position B in In the figure: 1, frame; 2, bed body; 204, air distribution chamber; 202, air inlet; 203, air outlet; 5, air distribution plate; 501, cleaning rod; 3, partition board; 4, air supply device; 6, mounting plate; 7, ventilation cylinder; 8, piston rod; 9, connecting cylinder; 10, sliding cylinder; 11, buffer ring; 13, telescopic member. Specific embodiments The following will further elaborate on the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention.

[0018] To make the drawings concise, only the parts related to the disclosure are schematically shown in each drawing, and they do not represent their actual structures as products. Additionally, to make the drawings concise and easy to understand, in some drawings, components with the same structure or function are only schematically shown for one of them, or only one of them is labeled. In this article, "one" not only means "only this one", but also can mean "more than one" situation, and "several" includes "two" and "more than two".

[0019] In this text, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly stipulated and defined, the terms "install", "connect", and "link" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0020] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and defined, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through additional features between them. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over", and "on top of" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath", and "underneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0021] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "above", "below", "left", and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0022] In addition, in the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Such as Figures 1 to 3As shown in the figure, it shows a multi-air supply coal dry separation device in an embodiment of the present invention. The frame 1 serves as a basic support structure for carrying components such as the bed body 2. The bed body 2 is vibrationally arranged on the frame 1 through a vibration mechanism. Inside it, a number of air distribution chambers 204 are transversely opened. Each air distribution chamber 204 is correspondingly connected to an air inlet 202 and an air outlet 203. A number of air outlets 203 are opened on the top wall of the air distribution chamber 204 in an array arrangement, forming a uniformly distributed air outlet area. The air distribution plate 5 is provided with a vertical sliding guide structure along the inner wall of the bed body 2, enabling it to slide vertically within the air distribution chamber 204. A cleaning rod 501 is fixedly arranged at the top of the air distribution plate 5, and the cleaning rod 501 corresponds to the air outlet 203 one by one. The position of each cleaning rod 501 is aligned with the corresponding air outlet 203 in the vertical direction. When the air distribution plate 5 drives the cleaning rod 501 to slide upward, the cleaning rod 501 can pass through the air outlet 203, and use its rod-shaped structure to push the material blocking in the air outlet 203 from bottom to top, realizing the cleaning of the air outlet 203. In this coal dry separation device, the number of air distribution chambers 204 arranged in the bed body 2 form independent air supply units through the corresponding air inlets 202 and air outlets 203. The air supply parameters of each air distribution chamber 204 can be adjusted individually according to the coal separation requirements, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the separation process. The cooperative design of the air distribution plate 5 and the cleaning rod 501 integrates the cleaning function into the air distribution system. When the air outlet 203 is blocked, the cleaning rod 501 can be made to pass through the air outlet 203 to push the blocked material without stopping the machine by the vertical sliding of the air distribution plate 5, realizing the automatic cleaning of the air outlet 203. This bottom-up cleaning method can effectively remove the material blocking in the air outlet 203, avoiding the manpower consumption and downtime caused by manual cleaning, and ensuring the continuity of the coal separation process. At the same time, the setting of the cleaning rod 501 corresponding to the air outlet 203 one by one ensures that each air outlet 203 can be cleaned targeted, improving the cleaning efficiency and effect, and then ensuring the stable operation of the air distribution system, enabling the coal dry separation device to continuously maintain good separation performance, and solving the problem that it is difficult to clean the air outlet of the coal dry separation device in the prior art.

[0024] As Figures 3 to 4As shown in the figure, several partitions 3 are arranged inside the bed body 2 along the length direction. Each partition 3 is vertically arranged and spaced apart, dividing the interior of the bed body 2 into multiple independent air distribution chambers 204. Both sides of each partition 3 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bed body 2 respectively, and its height is adapted to the internal height of the bed body 2 to ensure effective separation between the air distribution chambers 204. The number of air supply devices 4 matches the number of air distribution chambers 204 or has a redundant configuration. Each air supply device 4 is connected to the air inlet 202 of one or more air distribution chambers 204 through a pipeline or a communication structure to supply air flow to the corresponding air distribution chamber 204. The communication relationship between the air supply device 4 and the air distribution chamber 204 can be adjusted through valves, pipeline switching structures, etc. to meet the requirements of independent or coordinated air supply for different air distribution chambers 204. The partition 3 divides the interior of the bed body 2 into multiple air distribution chambers 204, making each air distribution chamber 204 form an independent air supply area. The selectively connectable design of the air supply device 4 and the air distribution chamber 204 allows for flexible adjustment of the air supply parameters of each air distribution chamber 204 according to the characteristics of the material to be sorted, such as particle size and density. By controlling the connection state between the air supply device 4 and different air distribution chambers 204, a differential air flow distribution can be formed in different areas of the bed body 2 to adapt to the sorting requirements of complex materials. The independent air supply design of each air distribution chamber 204 avoids the limitations of a single air supply area. When the air outlet 203 in a certain area is blocked or the air supply is abnormal, the impact on the overall sorting process can be reduced by adjusting the working state of the corresponding air supply device 4. At the same time, the combined structure of multiple air supply devices 4 and air distribution chambers 204 provides a structural basis for the subsequent zoning control of cleaning mechanisms such as the air distribution plate 5 and the cleaning rod 501, enabling the cleaning operations in each area to be carried out independently.

[0025] As Figures 3 to 4 As shown in the figure, an installation plate 6 is arranged inside the air distribution chamber 204. The installation plate 6 is fixedly parallel to the top wall of the bed body 2 on the inner wall of the air distribution chamber 204 and is located below the air distribution plate 5. The ventilation tube 7 is a tubular structure. One end of it penetrates through the installation plate 6 and is hermetically connected to the installation plate 6, and the other end extends outside the bed body 2 to communicate with an external air source. The piston rod 8 is a columnar structure. One end of it is fixedly connected to the center position of the bottom of the air distribution plate 5, and the other end is inserted into the ventilation tube 7 and forms a sliding seal with the inner wall of the ventilation tube 7.

[0026] A piston chamber is formed inside the ventilation tube 7. An annular seal is arranged at the end of the piston rod 8 located inside the piston chamber to prevent air leakage. The external air source supplies pressurized air flow to the piston chamber through the ventilation tube 7, and the piston rod 8 slides along the axis of the ventilation tube 7 under the action of air pressure, driving the air distribution plate 5 to move synchronously. When the ventilation tube 7 is connected to the pressurized air flow, the air pressure pushes the piston rod 8 upward, and the air distribution plate 5 slides along the vertical slide rail on the inner wall of the air distribution chamber 204 close to the top wall of the bed body 2, and the cleaning rod 501 passes through the air outlet 203 to push and clean the blocked material; when the ventilation tube 7 stops supplying air, the piston rod 8 resets downward under the action of the gravity of the air distribution plate 5.

[0027] Meanwhile, a flow guiding cone can be arranged at one end of the ventilation pipe 7 away from the mounting plate 6 to guide the external air flow to evenly enter the piston cavity and improve the balance of the force on the piston rod 8.

[0028] The arrangement of the mounting plate 6 and the ventilation pipe 7 provides a guiding and power transmission structure for the piston rod 8. The mounting plate 6 is fixed in the air distribution cavity 204 to form a support base point. The ventilation pipe 7 penetrates through the mounting plate 6 to connect the external air source and the piston cavity, enabling the piston rod 8 to perform a linear motion under the action of the wind pressure. The structural design that one end of the piston rod 8 is connected to the air distribution plate 5 and the other end is slidably arranged in the ventilation pipe 7 converts the air pressure energy of the ventilation pipe 7 into the vertical sliding power of the air distribution plate 5, realizing the automatic drive of the cleaning rod 501.

[0029] Using the wind pressure of the air supply device 4 as the power source, it forms a linkage with the air supply system of the air distribution cavity 204. The sealed sliding fit of the ventilation pipe 7 ensures the effective transmission of the air flow energy. The linear motion of the piston rod 8 precisely controls the sliding stroke of the air distribution plate 5, enabling the cleaning rod 501 to accurately pass through the air outlet 203 to push the blocked material. The horizontal fixation of the mounting plate 6 cooperates with the vertical layout of the ventilation pipe 7 to ensure that the air distribution plate 5 remains horizontal during the sliding process, avoiding the deviation of the cleaning rod 501 from the air outlet 203 and improving the reliability of the cleaning effect.

[0030] As Figures 3 to 4 shown, a plurality of piston rods 8 are evenly arranged at the bottom of the air distribution plate 5. The piston rods 8 are in a columnar structure and are distributed annularly or symmetrically along the bottom edge of the air distribution plate 5. Each piston rod 8 corresponds to a ventilation pipe 7, and the ends away from the mounting plate 6 are connected to each other through a connecting pipe to form a connected structure in parallel with each other.

[0031] The lengths and diameters of the piston rods 8 are the same to ensure uniform force on the air distribution plate 5. When the external air source supplies air to the ventilation pipe 7, the wind pressure is evenly transmitted to each ventilation pipe 7 through the connecting pipe, synchronously pushing the corresponding piston rod 8 to slide along the inner wall of the ventilation pipe 7, driving the air distribution plate 5 to vertically move parallel to the top wall of the bed body 2.

[0032] A plurality of piston rods 8 are evenly arranged at the bottom of the air distribution plate 5, forming a multi-point support driving structure with the corresponding ventilation pipes 7 one by one, so that the air distribution plate 5 is evenly stressed during the vertical sliding process, avoiding tilting or jamming caused by single-point driving, ensuring that the axes of the cleaning rod 501 and the air outlet 203 are always aligned, and improving the stability and accuracy of the process of pushing the blocked material.

[0033] As Figures 3 to 5As shown, in this embodiment, the side wall of the air inlet 202 is connected to the connecting cylinder 9. The connecting cylinder 9 is a tubular structure, and its axis coincides with the axis of the air inlet 202. The inner diameter gradually shrinks towards the direction away from the air distribution chamber 204 to form a tapered transition section. The air supply device 4 is connected to the other end of the connecting cylinder 9 through an air conveying pipeline. One end of the ventilation cylinder 7 away from the mounting plate 6 is located in the air distribution chamber 204 and faces the air inlet 202. The inner wall of its port is provided with a vertical slide rail. The sliding cylinder 10 is a tubular structure coaxial with the ventilation cylinder 7, and its outer wall is embedded in the slide rail to form a sliding connection. The inner diameter of the sliding cylinder 10 matches the minimum inner diameter of the connecting cylinder 9.

[0034] A sealing lip is provided on the outer periphery of the end of the sliding cylinder 10 close to the connecting cylinder 9. When the sliding cylinder 10 slides along the annular slide rail and approaches the connecting cylinder 9, the sealing lip abuts against the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 9, cutting off the communication path between the air supply device 4 and the air distribution chamber 204. At this time, the air flow output by the air supply device 4 enters the ventilation cylinder 7 through the inner wall channel of the connecting cylinder 9 and the sliding cylinder 10, pushing the piston rod 8 to slide upward. The tapered structure of the connecting cylinder 9 and the sealing abutment of the sliding cylinder 10 form an air flow diversion node. The connection position of the air conveying pipeline and the connecting cylinder 9 is located at the small-diameter end of the tapered section.

[0035] During operation, during normal sorting, the sliding cylinder 10 is separated from the connecting cylinder 9, and the air flow output by the air supply device 4 enters the air distribution chamber 204 through the connecting cylinder 9 and the air inlet 202; when it is necessary to clean the air outlet 203, the sliding cylinder 10 slides towards the connecting cylinder 9, and the sealing lip fits with the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 9, blocking the air path of the air distribution chamber 204, and the air flow turns to enter the ventilation cylinder 7. The piston rod 8 is driven by the air pressure to drive the air distribution plate 5 to move upward, so that the cleaning rod 501 pushes against the blocked material. After the cleaning is completed, the sliding cylinder 10 slides reversely to reset, restoring the normal air supply channel of the air distribution chamber 204.

[0036] At the same time, the sliding guiding structure of the sliding cylinder 10 can adopt a ball bearing nested on the inner wall of the ventilation cylinder 7 to reduce the sliding resistance; or a guiding flange is provided on the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 9 to cooperate with the groove at the end of the sliding cylinder 10 to ensure the axis alignment accuracy during abutment.

[0037] The tapered structure of the connecting cylinder 9 and the sliding abutment of the sliding cylinder 10 form a switchable air flow channel. One end of the connecting cylinder 9 is connected to the air inlet 202 and the other end is connected to the air supply device 4. The air flow guiding is optimized through the inner diameter taper design to reduce energy loss. The sliding cylinder 10 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the ventilation cylinder 7 to realize the automatic switching of the air supply path: during normal sorting, the air flow enters the air distribution chamber 204, and during cleaning, the air flow turns to the ventilation cylinder 7 to drive the piston rod 8, without an additional power source, and the function conversion is realized by using the same air supply device 4.

[0038] The positional layout of the ventilation duct 7 and the connecting duct 9 enables the sliding movement of the sliding cylinder 10 to directly control the communication state between the air distribution chamber 204 and the ventilation duct 7. The abutment of the sealing lip against the inner wall of the connecting duct 9 ensures the sealing performance of the air flow partition, preventing air leakage during the cleaning process from affecting the sorting efficiency. This structure integrates the air supply system and the cleaning drive system through a mechanical commutation method, enabling the air supply device 4 to switch between the normal air supply and power drive modes, solving the problem that the cleaning mechanism of traditional devices requires an independent power source, simplifying the system structure and improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0039] As Figures 3 to 5 shown, a buffer ring 11 is provided on the outer side of the end of the sliding cylinder 10 close to the connecting duct 9. The buffer ring 11 is made of an elastic material, and the buffer ring 11 is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding cylinder 10 and has an annular structure. The axis of the buffer ring 11 coincides with the axis of the sliding cylinder 10, and its radial dimension is larger than the outer diameter of the corresponding position of the sliding cylinder 10. When the sliding cylinder 10 is driven to slide towards the connecting duct 9, the buffer ring 11 contacts the inner wall of the connecting duct 9 prior to the main body of the sliding cylinder 10, and the outer surface of the buffer ring 11 forms a surface contact with the inner surface of the connecting duct 9, achieving the abutting fit between the two. The provision of the buffer ring 11 enables the sliding cylinder 10 and the connecting duct 9 to form an elastic contact during the abutting process. The impact energy during the sliding process is absorbed through the deformation of the buffer ring 11, avoiding the rigid collision between the sliding cylinder 10 and the connecting duct 9. This elastic abutting structure can reduce the wear between components, extend the service life of the sliding cylinder 10 and the connecting duct 9, and improve the sealing reliability when the two are abutted. When the sliding cylinder 10 slides to the state of abutting against the inner wall of the connecting duct 9, the elastic deformation of the buffer ring 11 can compensate for the machining errors or installation deviations of the components, ensuring that the communication between the air supply device 4 and the air distribution chamber 204 is effectively cut off, and at the same time enabling the air flow of the air supply device 4 to be stably introduced into the ventilation duct 7 through the connecting duct 9 and the sliding cylinder 10. The annular structure design of the buffer ring 11 ensures the circumferential uniformity during abutting, avoiding component damage caused by local stress concentration, and improving the operating stability of the device during the switching process of the air supply system.

[0040] As Figures 3 to 5 shown, the buffer ring 11 is integrally in the shape of a truncated cone, its axis coincides with the axis of the sliding cylinder 10, the small-diameter end of the buffer ring 11 is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding cylinder 10 close to the connecting duct 9, and the large-diameter end extends towards the connecting duct 9. The maximum outer diameter of the buffer ring 11 is larger than the minimum inner diameter of the connecting duct 9, and the position of the inner wall of the connecting duct 9 corresponding to the buffer ring 11 is provided with a tapered transition section adapted to the conical surface of the buffer ring 11. When the sliding cylinder 10 slides towards the connecting duct 9, the conical surface of the buffer ring 11 first contacts the tapered transition section of the inner wall of the connecting duct 9, and as the sliding stroke increases, the outer diameter of the buffer ring 11 gradually increases until it tightly abuts against the inner wall of the connecting duct 9.

[0041] The gradually increasing diameter structure of the buffer ring 11 makes its contact process with the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 9 a progressive contact. The conical surface fit guides the sliding trajectory of the sliding cylinder 10, reducing the risk of radial offset and jamming. The design with the maximum outer diameter larger than the minimum inner diameter of the connecting cylinder 9 ensures an interference fit between the buffer ring 11 and the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 9. While cutting off the connection between the air supply device 4 and the air distribution chamber 204, the gradually increasing contact area of the conical surface disperses the contact stress, avoiding component damage caused by excessive local pressure. The conical surface structure of the buffer ring 11 can convert the axial sliding force into radial sealing pressure during abutment. Combining with the deformation characteristics of the elastic material, it compensates for the coaxiality deviation and machining error between the connecting cylinder 9 and the sliding cylinder 10, improving the sealing reliability.

[0042] As Figures 3 to 5 shown, mounting holes are provided at the bottom of the air distribution plate 5. A connecting column adapted to the mounting holes is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cleaning rod 501. External threads are provided on the outer surface of the connecting column, and internal threads are provided on the inner wall of the mounting holes. The cleaning rod 501 is detachably mounted on the air distribution plate 5 through thread fitting. Alternatively, a slot is opened at the top of the air distribution plate 5. A plug adapted to the slot is provided at the bottom of the cleaning rod 501. Elastic buckles are provided on the side surface of the plug, and buckle grooves are correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the slot. The cleaning rod 501 is detachably connected by inserting the plug into the slot and then engaging the buckle with the buckle groove. Or, a boss is provided at the bottom of the cleaning rod 501, and a mounting seat with a notch is correspondingly provided at the top of the air distribution plate 5. The boss is embedded in the mounting seat through the notch, and the detachable fixation is achieved by passing a limit pin through the pin holes of the boss and the mounting seat.

[0043] The detachable connection structure between the cleaning rod 501 and the air distribution plate 5 enables a single cleaning rod 501 to be independently disassembled and replaced. When a certain cleaning rod 501 is worn or broken due to long-term use, there is no need to disassemble the entire air distribution plate 5 or stop the machine for maintenance. Only a single cleaning rod 501 needs to be replaced, reducing the maintenance cost and time cost. Different detachable methods such as thread fitting, buckle connection, or limit pin fixation can all achieve a stable connection between the cleaning rod 501 and the air distribution plate 5, while meeting the requirements of quick disassembly and assembly. This design allows for the flexible replacement of cleaning rods 501 with different diameters, lengths, or shapes according to the blockage condition of the air outlet 203 or the material characteristics, improving the adaptability of the cleaning mechanism to different blockage scenarios.

[0044] As Figures 3 to 5 shown, in this embodiment, a telescopic member 13 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the ventilation cylinder 7 near the air inlet 202. The telescopic member 13 is a columnar driving component, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the ventilation cylinder 7. The extending end is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the sliding cylinder 10 through a connecting flange. The fixed end of the telescopic member 13 is installed on a mounting seat preset on the side wall of the ventilation cylinder 7. The mounting seat is a plate-like structure and is perpendicularly fixed to the outer wall of the ventilation cylinder 7.

[0045] The driving modes of the telescopic member 13 include pneumatic driving, hydraulic driving or electric driving, and its control end is electrically connected to the control system of the device. The connecting flange is of a disc-shaped structure, with connecting holes evenly distributed circumferentially, and is fixed to the outer side wall of the sliding cylinder 10 and the extending end of the telescopic member 13 through bolts. When the telescopic member 13 receives a driving signal, the extending end expands and contracts along the axial direction, driving the sliding cylinder 10 to slide on the annular slide rail on the inner wall of the ventilation cylinder 7, so as to realize the switching of the air supply path.

[0046] The telescopic member 13 can be directly driven by a linear motor, eliminating the traditional transmission mechanism and improving the control accuracy; or a universal joint can be arranged between the telescopic member 13 and the connecting flange, allowing the sliding cylinder 10 to still slide smoothly under a small angular deviation to compensate for the installation error.

[0047] The setting of the telescopic member 13 provides an independent driving structure for the sliding cylinder 10. The direct connection between its extending end and the sliding cylinder 10 realizes the active control of the sliding action, avoiding relying on the air pressure fluctuation of the air supply device 4, and improving the reliability and response speed of the air supply path switching. The parallel layout of the axis of the telescopic member 13 and the axis of the ventilation cylinder 7 ensures that the driving force is transmitted along the axial direction of the sliding cylinder 10. Cooperating with the guiding function of the annular slide rail, the sliding trajectory of the sliding cylinder 10 is accurate, reducing the influence of radial offset on the sealing effect.

[0048] In the screening step, by adjusting the connection relationship between the air supply device 4 and the air inlet 202, the independent control of the air pressure in each air distribution cavity 204 is realized, so that the air flow parameters in different areas of the bed body 2 can be dynamically matched according to the material characteristics, solving the problem that it is difficult for a single air supply area to adapt to the sorting of complex materials. In the cleaning step, the automatic pushing of the cleaning rod 501 is realized by using the air supply system or the driving mechanism of the device itself, and the blockage at the air outlet 203 can be removed without manual intervention, avoiding the production interruption caused by shutdown cleaning and improving the continuity of equipment operation. The collaborative design of the screening and cleaning steps integrates the air supply parameter adjustment and the air outlet cleaning function into the same device, and realizes the intelligent control of the sorting process through structural linkage, reducing the setting of additional power devices, and reducing the equipment complexity and energy consumption.

[0049] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal dry separation device with multiple air supplies, characterized in that: include: Rack(1); A bed body (2), the bed body (2) being vibratingly arranged on the frame (1), the bed body (2) being provided with a plurality of air distribution cavities (204) and a plurality of air inlets (202) and a plurality of air outlets (203) correspondingly connected to the air distribution cavities (204) in a transverse direction, wherein the plurality of air outlets (203) are arranged in an array and opened on the top wall of the air distribution cavity (204); An air distribution plate (5), the air distribution plate (5) being vertically slidably arranged in the air distribution cavity (204) along the inner wall of the bed (2), the top of the air distribution plate (5) having a cleaning rod (501) corresponding to the air outlet (203), the air distribution plate (5) being able to drive the cleaning rod (501) to slide upward so that the cleaning rod (501) passes through the air outlet (203), so as to push the material blocked in the air outlet (203) from bottom to top.

2. The multi-air supply coal dry separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Partitions (3), the partitions (3) being of a plurality, and the plurality of partitions (3) being arranged vertically spaced apart in the bed body (2) along the length direction of the bed body (2), so as to divide the interior of the bed body (2) into a plurality of air distribution chambers (204); An air supply device (4), wherein the air supply devices (4) are provided in a plurality, and the plurality of air supply devices (4) are capable of being connected to one and / or a plurality of the air distribution cavities (204).

3. The multi-air supply coal dry separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: a mounting plate (6), the mounting plate (6) being arranged in the air distribution cavity (204) and located below the air distribution plate (5); A ventilating tube (7), one end of the ventilating tube (7) being arranged through the mounting plate (6), and the other end of the ventilating tube (7) being connected to an external wind source; A piston rod (8), one end of the piston rod (8) being arranged at the bottom of the air distribution plate (5), and the other end of the piston rod (8) being slidably arranged in the ventilation tube (7), the piston rod (8) being arranged so that after the ventilation tube (7) is ventilated, the wind pressure pushes the piston rod (8) to slide upward in the ventilation tube (7), thereby pushing the air distribution plate (5) to slide close to the top wall of the bed body (2).

4. The multi-air supply coal dry separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The piston rods (8) are in multiple numbers and are evenly distributed at the bottom of the air distribution plate (5); the ventilating tubes (7) correspond to the piston rods (8) one by one, and the ends of the ventilating tubes (7) away from the mounting plate (6) are connected to each other.

5. The multi-air supply coal dry separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ventilation tube (7) has one end away from the mounting plate (6) facing the air inlet (202), and the multi-air supply coal dry separation device further comprises: A connecting tube (9), one end of the connecting tube (9) being connected to a side wall of the air inlet (202), the inner diameter of the connecting tube (9) gradually decreasing in a direction away from the air distribution cavity (204), and the air supply device (4) being connected to the other end of the connecting tube (9) so as to communicate with the air inlet (202); A sliding cylinder (10), wherein the sliding cylinder (10) is slidably connected to the inner wall of one end of the ventilation cylinder (7) away from the mounting plate (6), and the other end is located in the air distribution cavity (204); the sliding cylinder (10) is arranged to slide close to the connecting cylinder (9) and then abut against the inner wall of the connecting cylinder (9) to cut off the connection between the air supply device (4) and the air distribution cavity (204), so that the air supply device (4) is connected to the ventilation cylinder (7) through the connecting cylinder (9) and the sliding cylinder (10).

6. The multi-air supply coal dry separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: A buffer ring (11), the buffer ring (11) being arranged at one end of the sliding cylinder (10) close to the connecting cylinder (9), the buffer ring (11) being arranged so that after the sliding cylinder (10) gradually slides close to the connecting cylinder (9), the buffer ring (11) abuts against the inner wall of the connecting cylinder (9).

7. The multi-air supply coal dry separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the buffer ring (11) gradually increases in a direction approaching the connecting tube (9), and the maximum outer diameter of the buffer ring (11) is greater than the minimum inner diameter of the connecting tube (9).

8. The multi-air supply coal dry separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plurality of cleaning rods (501) can be detachably mounted on the air distribution plate (5).

9. The multi-air supply coal dry separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: A telescopic member (13), the telescopic member (13) being arranged on a side wall of the ventilation tube (7) at one end close to the air inlet (202), the extended end of the telescopic member (13) being connected to the sliding tube (10) for driving the sliding tube (10) to slide.

10. A method for coal sorting with multiple air supplies, using a coal dry sorting device with multiple air supplies as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: S1, screening: changing the connection relationship between the plurality of air supply devices (4) and the plurality of air inlets (202) according to the characteristics of the materials to be sorted, so as to adjust the air pressure in the plurality of air distribution chambers (204), and sorting the materials after the adjustment is completed; S2, cleaning: when the air outlet (203) of the bed body (2) needs to be cleaned, the air distribution plate (5) drives the cleaning rod (501) to slide upward close to the top wall of the bed body (2), so that the cleaning rod (501) pushes the material blocked in the air inlet (202) from bottom to top.

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