A cutter mechanism and cutter arrangement method for a tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tool mechanism and tool arrangement method for a tunnel boring machine, belonging to the field of tunnel boring machines. A first mating surface is formed on one side of a tool holder body near a fixed plate; a second mating surface is formed on the side of a pin-type scraper; a third pin hole is formed on an adapter plate, forming the third mating surface on the adapter plate, and the adapter plate contacts the first mating surface on the tool holder body through the third mating surface; a pin body passes through the first and second pin holes to integrally connect the universal tool holder and the pin-type scraper; or the pin body passes through the first and third pin holes to integrally connect the universal tool holder and a roller cutter box; when the tunnel boring machine is excavating in soft soil, the pin-type scraper is mounted on the universal tool holder; when the tunnel boring machine is excavating in composite soil, the roller cutter body is arranged in the roller cutter mounting portion. The present invention can achieve interchangeability between the roller cutter and the scraper without the need for positioning, planing, or welding, thereby solving the problem of insufficient cutting capacity of the cutterhead when excavating in soft soil suddenly encounters hard rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, and in particular relates to a tool mechanism of a tunnel boring machine and a tool arrangement method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of transportation, municipal pipelines, water conservancy, and hydropower, more and more tunnel projects are being built, placing ever-higher demands on the performance of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). In particular, the cutterhead tool placement directly impacts the performance, efficiency, and construction costs of the TBM when operating in diverse geological conditions.

[0003] At present, in projects with mainly soft soil layers and a small amount of hard rock, if rollers are directly equipped, the starting torque of the rollers often cannot be achieved in softer layers, resulting in the rollers being unable to rotate and thus causing eccentric wear, affecting normal excavation in hard rock areas. The resulting multiple replacement of rollers also increases construction costs.

[0004] In traditional technology, research on how to avoid uneven wear of roller cutters in soft soil layers, which affects tunneling, has gradually emerged. For example, the related art discloses a technical solution that uses high-pressure fluid jets to replace roller cutters, but it needs to be equipped with multiple sets of nozzles, hydraulic pumps, superchargers and other devices, which increases the equipment and construction costs of tunneling machines sharply. The related art discloses a flexible composite cutterhead solution that reduces abnormal wear by setting multiple sets of oil cylinders to adjust the height of the roller cutters, but its structure is complex and has a great impact on the arrangement of the roller cutters on the cutterhead and the disassembly and assembly of the roller cutters. The related art discloses a tool box structure suitable for replacing roller cutters and tearing knives. Through this structure, suitable tools can be replaced according to the stratum, reducing abnormal wear of the tools, but its replaceable tool box structure is neither applicable to the common steel pipe cutter beam structure with simple structure and low manufacturing cost, nor can it complete the replacement between roller cutters and scrapers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism and a tool arrangement method to solve the problems of poor applicability, low efficiency and high construction cost in traditional technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism, comprising a universal tool holder, a scraper, a roller cutter box, connecting fasteners and a roller cutter body;

[0007] The universal blade holder is fixedly connected to the cutterhead beam of the tunnel boring machine and has a detachable connection interface corresponding to the scraper;

[0008] The scraper has a detachable connection interface corresponding to the universal blade holder;

[0009] The hob cutter box has a detachable connection interface corresponding to the universal cutter seat, and the hob cutter box has a hob cutter mounting portion;

[0010] The connecting fasteners include fasteners for detachably connecting the universal cutter holder to the scraper or hob cutter box, and fasteners for detachably connecting the hob cutter box to the hob cutter body.

[0011] As a preferred solution for the tool mechanism of the tunnel boring machine, the universal tool holder and the detachable interface corresponding to the scraper are connected by a detachable pin or bolt;

[0012] The hob cutter box and the universal cutter holder have corresponding detachable connection interfaces, which are connected by detachable pins or bolts;

[0013] The hob mounting portion of the hob cutter box is used for detachable installation of the hob cutter body.

[0014] As a preferred solution for the tool mechanism of a tunnel boring machine, the universal tool holder is a pin-connected tool holder, comprising a tool holder body, wherein the pin-connected tool holder is fixedly connected to the cutterhead beam of the tunnel boring machine via the tool holder body; a fixing plate is connected to one side of the tool holder body, the fixing plate is provided with a first pin hole, and a first mating surface is formed on one side of the tool holder body adjacent to the fixing plate;

[0015] The scraper is a pin-type scraper, formed with a second pin hole, and a second mating surface is formed on the side of the pin-type scraper, and the pin-type scraper contacts the first mating surface on the blade holder body through the second mating surface;

[0016] Adapter plates are provided on both sides of the hob cutter box, a third pin hole is formed on the adapter plate, a third mating surface is formed on the adapter plate, and the adapter plate contacts the first mating surface on the cutter seat body through the third mating surface;

[0017] The connecting fastener includes a pin body, the pin body passes through the first pin hole and the second pin hole, so that the pin-connected knife holder and the pin-connected scraper are connected as one; or the pin body passes through the first pin hole and the third pin hole, so that the pin-connected knife holder and the hob cutter box are connected as one;

[0018] The upper end of the roller cutter box is also provided with a roller cutter mounting portion. When the tunnel boring machine is excavating in a soft soil layer, the pin-connected cutter holder is mounted with the pin-connected scraper, and the roller cutter box is not mounted on the pin-connected cutter holder.

[0019] As a preferred solution for the tool mechanism of the tunnel boring machine, there are two fixing plates, which are symmetrically connected to the tool holder body, and each fixing plate is provided with a first pin hole;

[0020] A positioning bolt hole is also provided on the side of each fixing plate, and a pin shaft positioning bolt is connected to the positioning bolt hole.

[0021] As a preferred solution for the tool mechanism of the tunnel boring machine, there are two adapter plates, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the cutter box; each adapter plate is provided with a third pin hole;

[0022] The hob cutter box is connected to two pin-connected cutter seats and two pin-connected scrapers via two adapter plates.

[0023] As a preferred solution for the tool mechanism of the tunnel boring machine, the cutter mounting portion includes two slots, each of which is provided with a cutter mounting positioning bottom surface and two cutter mounting positioning side surfaces;

[0024] The two ends of the hob body are respectively provided with a vertical positioning surface, a horizontal positioning surface and an oblique positioning surface;

[0025] The transverse positioning surface cooperates with the hob installation positioning bottom surface of the slot, and the vertical positioning surface cooperates with a hob installation positioning side surface of the slot.

[0026] As a preferred solution for the tool mechanism of the tunnel boring machine, a cutter shaft clamping block is provided inside the clamping slot, and a clamping block locking hole is formed on the bottom surface of the cutter installation and positioning device;

[0027] The cutter shaft clamping block is provided with a clamping block positioning side surface and a clamping block positioning inclined surface; the clamping block positioning side surface cooperates with another hob installation positioning side surface of the clamping slot; the clamping block positioning inclined surface cooperates with the oblique positioning surface of the hob body;

[0028] The cutter shaft clamping block is provided with a clamping block matching hole corresponding to the clamping block locking hole; the cutter shaft clamping block is tightened by fixing bolts between the clamping block locking hole and the clamping block matching hole to fix the hob body.

[0029] As a preferred solution for the tool mechanism of a tunnel boring machine, the pin body is provided with at least two grooves, the positions of the grooves corresponding to the positioning bolt holes on the pin-connected tool holder so that the pin positioning bolts can be inserted into the grooves.

[0030] The present invention also provides a tunnel boring machine tool arrangement method, which uses the above-mentioned tunnel boring machine tool mechanism, and arranges at least two groups of pin-type scrapers on the scraper track corresponding to the pin-type scrapers that need to be replaced by roller cutters, and each group includes at least one pair of pin-type scrapers in opposite directions, and at least one pair of pin-type scrapers in opposite directions in one group is located on both sides of the same cutterhead beam;

[0031] The tearing knife on the cutter disc beam is arranged at a middle position away from the two pin-type scrapers.

[0032] As a preferred solution for the tunnel boring machine tool arrangement method, the blade heights of the tearing blade and the pin-type scraper are arranged according to the stratum conditions, and the blade height of the roller cutter body is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the slot on the roller cutter box;

[0033] The relationship between the blade heights of the tearing blade, the pin-type scraper, and the hob body is:

[0034] H t =a 1 H g +b 1

[0035] H t =a 2 H r +b 2

[0036] Where, H t The knife height for the tearing knife; H g The blade height of the pin-type scraper; H r The cutter height of the hob body; a 1 , b 1 , a 2 , b 2 It is a coefficient determined based on the tunnel geological conditions, design parameters of the tunnel boring machine and construction experience.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a universal cutter holder, a pin-type scraper, a roller cutter box, a pin body and a roller cutter body are provided; the universal cutter holder includes a cutter holder body, and the universal cutter holder is fixedly connected to the cutter head beam of the tunnel boring machine through the cutter holder body; a fixing plate is connected to one side of the cutter holder body, and the fixing plate is provided with a first pin hole, and a first mating surface is formed on one side of the cutter holder body close to the fixing plate; a second pin hole is formed on the pin-type scraper, and a second mating surface is formed on the side of the pin-type scraper, and the pin-type scraper contacts the first mating surface on the cutter holder body through the second mating surface; both sides of the roller cutter box are provided with There is an adapter plate, a third pin hole is formed on the adapter plate, and a third mating surface is formed on the adapter plate. The adapter plate contacts the first mating surface on the tool holder body through the third mating surface; the pin shaft body passes through the first pin hole and the second pin hole to connect the universal tool holder and the pin-type scraper as one; or the pin shaft body passes through the first pin hole and the third pin hole to connect the universal tool holder and the roller cutter box as one; the upper end of the roller cutter box is also provided with a roller cutter mounting portion. When the tunnel boring machine is excavating in a soft soil layer, a pin-type scraper is installed on the pin-connected tool holder, and the pin-connected tool holder is not installed with a roller cutter box. Through the present invention, the roller cutter can be directly replaced when encountering composite strata, thereby improving the adaptability of the cutterhead excavation; compared with the existing composite cutterheads on the market, the roller cutter is not used in soft soil strata, thereby avoiding the problem of uneven wear of the roller cutter due to the inability to reach the starting torque in soft soil strata; the overall design of the present invention is reasonable and the structure is simple, which not only improves the adaptability and excavation efficiency of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead, but also reduces the wear of the tool, saves construction costs, meets the market demand to a greater extent, and has great promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other implementation drawings based on the provided drawings.

[0039] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are intended solely to complement the contents disclosed herein and to facilitate understanding and reading by persons skilled in the art. They are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention may be implemented and therefore have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in sizes, without affecting the efficacy and objectives of the present invention, shall remain within the scope of the technical contents disclosed herein.

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a universal tool holder structure in a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2A schematic diagram of a pin-type scraper structure in a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cutter box in a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a cutter body in a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a cutter shaft clamping block in a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a structural view of the pin shaft body in the tool mechanism of a tunnel boring machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the installation of a pin-type scraper of a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the installation of a cutter body of a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of cutting tools before and after a hob cutter replacement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a non-linear hob cutter box provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another non-linear hob cutter box provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] In the figure: 1. Pin-connected knife holder; 2. Pin-connected scraper; 3. Hob box; 4. Pin body; 5. Hob body; 6. Knife holder body; 7. Cutter head beam; 8. Fixing plate; 9. First pin hole; 10. First matching surface; 11. Second pin hole; 12. Second matching surface; 13. Adapter plate; 14. Third pin hole; 15. Third matching surface; 16. Hob mounting part; 17. Positioning bolt hole; 18. Card slot; 19. Hob mounting positioning bottom surface; 20. Hob mounting positioning side surface; 21. Vertical positioning surface; 22. Horizontal positioning surface; 23. Oblique positioning surface; 24. Cutter shaft clamp; 25. Block locking hole; 26. Block positioning side surface; 27. Block positioning inclined surface; 28. Block matching hole; 29. Groove; 30. Pin positioning bolt; 31. Tearing knife. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following describes the implementation of the present invention using specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. Obviously, the embodiments described are only a portion of the present invention, not all of it. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism, including a pin-connected tool holder 1, a pin-type scraper 2, a roller cutter box 3, a pin body 4 and a roller cutter body 5;

[0054] The pin-connected toolholder 1 includes a toolholder body 6, which is fixedly connected to a cutterhead beam 7 of a tunnel boring machine via the toolholder body 6. A fixing plate 8 is connected to one side of the toolholder body 6, and the fixing plate 8 is provided with a first pin hole 9. A first mating surface 10 is formed on one side of the toolholder body 6 near the fixing plate 8.

[0055] Among them, the pin-type scraper 2 is formed with a second pin hole 11, and a second mating surface 12 is formed on the side of the pin-type scraper 2. The pin-type scraper 2 contacts the first mating surface 10 on the knife holder body 6 through the second mating surface 12; an adapter plate 13 is provided on both sides of the hob cutter box 3, and a third pin hole 14 is formed on the adapter plate 13. The adapter plate 13 is formed with a third mating surface 15, and the adapter plate 13 contacts the first mating surface 10 on the knife holder body 6 through the third mating surface 15;

[0056] Among them, the pin body 4 passes through the first pin hole 9 and the second pin hole 11, so that the pin-connected tool holder 1 and the pin-connected scraper 2 are connected as one; or the pin body 4 passes through the first pin hole 9 and the third pin hole 14, so that the pin-connected tool holder 1 and the roller cutter box 3 are connected as one; the upper end of the roller cutter box 3 is also provided with a roller cutter mounting portion 16. When the tunnel boring machine is excavating in a soft soil layer, the roller cutter body 5 is not arranged in the roller cutter mounting portion 16; when the tunnel boring machine is excavating in a composite layer, the roller cutter body 5 is arranged in the roller cutter mounting portion 16.

[0057] In this embodiment, there are two fixing plates 8, which are symmetrically connected to the knife holder body 6. Each fixing plate 8 is provided with a first pin hole 9; each fixing plate 8 is also provided with a positioning bolt hole 17 on the side, and the positioning bolt hole 17 is connected to a pin shaft positioning bolt 30.

[0058] Specifically, the pin-connected tool holder 1 adopts an integrated structure, which includes a tool holder body 6 and two fixed plates 8; the tool holder body 6 is directly and rigidly connected to the cutter disc beam 7, thereby fixing the position of the tool holder body 6 in the entire cutter disc structure, and the fixed plate 8 is integrated with the tool holder body 6 and is divided into two symmetrical parts, and each part has a first pin hole 9 and at least one positioning bolt hole 17.

[0059] The pin-type scraper 2 has a second pin hole 11 and a second mating surface 12 corresponding to the pin-connected knife holder 1 , which are used to fix the pin-type scraper 2 on the pin-connected knife holder 1 .

[0060] In this embodiment, there are two adapter plates 13, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the hob box 3; each adapter plate 13 is provided with a third pin hole 14; the hob mounting portion 16 includes two card slots 18, each card slot 18 is provided with a hob mounting positioning bottom surface 19 and two hob mounting positioning side surfaces 20.

[0061] Specifically, the adapter plate 13 has a third pin hole 14 corresponding to the first pin hole 9 on the fixing plate 8 of the pin-connected tool holder 1 and a third mating surface 15 corresponding to the tool holder body 6, which is used to fix the hob tool box 3 as a whole on the pin-connected tool holder 1; the hob mounting portion 16 is provided with two card slots 18 at the upper opening on both sides of the hob tool box 3, and each card slot 18 has a hob mounting positioning bottom surface 19 and two hob mounting positioning side surfaces 20.

[0062] In this embodiment, the hob cutter housing 3 is connected to two pin-connected blade holders 1 and two pin-connected scrapers 2 via two adapter plates 13. The pin body 4 is provided with at least two grooves 29, which are positioned to correspond to the positioning bolt holes 17 on the pin-connected blade holder 1, so that the pin positioning bolts 30 can be inserted into the grooves 29.

[0063] Specifically, the pin body 4 engages with the pin holes in the pin-connected tool holder 1, the pin-connected scraper 2, or the hob cutter housing 3 to complete the installation of the pin-connected tool holder 1 and the pin-connected scraper 2, or the pin-connected tool holder 1 and the hob cutter housing 3. The pin body 4 also has at least one groove 29, which corresponds to the positioning bolt hole 17 in the pin-connected tool holder 1 and is used to insert a pin positioning bolt 30. The pin positioning bolt 30 engages with the positioning bolt hole 17 in the pin-connected tool holder 1 and, after being tightened, extends into the groove 29 of the pin body 4, ensuring that the pin body 4 is properly installed and will not fall off.

[0064] In this embodiment, each end of the cutter body 5 is provided with a vertical positioning surface 21, a horizontal positioning surface 22, and an oblique positioning surface 23. The horizontal positioning surface 22 cooperates with the cutter mounting and positioning bottom surface 19 of the slot 18, while the vertical positioning surface 21 cooperates with one of the cutter mounting and positioning side surfaces 20 of the slot 18. A cutter shaft clamp 24 is provided within the slot 18, with a clamp locking hole 25 formed in the cutter mounting and positioning bottom surface 19. The cutter shaft clamp 24 has a clamp positioning side surface 26 and an oblique positioning surface 27. The clamp positioning side surface 26 cooperates with the other cutter mounting and positioning side surface 20 of the slot 18, while the oblique positioning surface 27 cooperates with the oblique positioning surface 23 of the cutter body 5. The cutter shaft clamp 24 has a clamp mating hole 28 corresponding to the clamp locking hole 25. A fixing bolt is used to tighten the cutter shaft clamp 24 between the clamp locking hole 25 and the clamp mating hole 28 to secure the cutter body 5.

[0065] Specifically, the cutter shaft of the hob body 5 has a vertical positioning surface 21, a horizontal positioning surface 22, and an oblique positioning surface 23 at each end. The horizontal positioning surface 22 and the vertical positioning surface 21 respectively mate with the cutter mounting positioning bottom surface 19 and the cutter mounting positioning side surface 20 in the slot 18 of the hob mounting portion 16. The oblique positioning surface 23 mates with the block positioning inclined surface 27 of the cutter shaft clamp 24. The cutter shaft clamp 24 has a block positioning side surface 26 and a block positioning inclined surface 27. The block positioning inclined surface 27 mates with the oblique positioning surface 23 of the cutter body 5, while the block positioning side surface 26 mates with one of the cutter mounting positioning side surfaces 20 in the slot 18 of the cutter mounting portion 16. The cutter shaft clamp 24 has a block mating hole 28 corresponding to the block locking hole 25 of the cutter mounting portion 16. Bolts are used to tighten the cutter shaft clamp 24 through the block locking hole 25 and the block mating hole 28, thereby completing the installation and fixation of the cutter body 5.

[0066] The present invention also provides a tunnel boring machine tool arrangement method, which adopts a tunnel boring machine tool mechanism of the above embodiment. On the scraper track corresponding to the pin-type scraper 2 that needs to be replaced, at least two of the pin-type scrapers 2 are arranged in each direction, and the directions of the two pin-type scrapers 2 are opposite. The two pin-type scrapers 2 are on both sides of the same cutter head beam 7; the tearing knife 31 on the cutter head beam 7 is arranged in a middle position avoiding the two pin-type scrapers 2.

[0067] Specifically, considering the forward and reverse scraper cutting problem of the cutter disc beam 7, at least one pin-type scraper 2 is arranged in each direction on the same scraper trajectory; considering the cutter disc overloading problem, the position of the replacement hob body 5 needs to be planned in advance, and the replaced hob body 5 should be arranged as evenly as possible to avoid overloading of the cutter disc beam 7.

[0068] Among them, considering the replacement problem of the pin-type scraper 2 and the roller body 5, at least two pin-type scrapers 2 with replacement needs are arranged in each direction on the corresponding scraper track, and a pair of pin-type scrapers 2 in opposite directions are on both sides of the same cutter disc beam 7 to ensure that the position conditions can meet the installation of the roller cutter box 3.

[0069] See also Figure 9 Considering the arrangement of the tearing knife 31, if the tearing knife 31 is arranged in the middle of a pair of pin-type scrapers 2 that need to be replaced with the hob body 5, it will affect the installation of the hob box 3 structure. Therefore, when arranging the position of the tearing knife 31, the middle position of the pair of pin-type scrapers 2 that need to be replaced with the hob body 5 later should be avoided.

[0070] In this embodiment, considering the blade height of the tearing knife 31 and the pin-type scraper 2, the blade height of the roller cutter body 5 is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the slot 18 on the roller cutter box 3. The blade height of the tearing knife 31 and the pin-type scraper 2 can be reasonably arranged according to the formation conditions, and the blade height of the roller cutter body 5 can also be directly adjusted by adjusting the depth of the slot 18.

[0071] In a possible embodiment, the tearing knife 31 and the blade height of the pin-type scraper 2 are arranged according to the formation conditions, and the blade height of the roller cutter body 5 is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the slot 18 on the roller cutter box 3;

[0072] The relationship between the blade heights of the tearing blade 31, the pin-type scraper 2, and the hob body 5 is:

[0073] H t =a 1 H g +b 1

[0074] H t =a 2 H r +b 2

[0075] Where, H t The height of the tearing knife 31; H g The blade height of the pin-type scraper 2; H r is the cutter height of the hob body 5; a 1 , b 1 ,a 2 , b 2 It is a coefficient determined based on the tunnel geological conditions, design parameters of the tunnel boring machine and construction experience.

[0076] The present invention allows excavation in soft soil without using the cutter body 5, thus avoiding the problem of uneven wear caused by the cutter body 5 failing to reach the starting torque during excavation in soft soil. When encountering complex formations, some of the pin-type scrapers 2 can be simply replaced with the cutter body 5 through a simple replacement operation, improving the adaptability of excavation in complex formations.

[0077] In summary, the present invention is provided with a pin-connected tool holder 1, a pin-connected scraper 2, a roller cutter box 3, a pin body 4 and a roller cutter body 5; the pin-connected tool holder 1 includes a tool holder body 6, and the pin-connected tool holder 1 is fixedly connected to the cutterhead beam 7 of the tunnel boring machine through the tool holder body 6; a fixing plate 8 is connected to one side of the tool holder body 6, and the fixing plate 8 is provided with a first pin hole 9, and a first mating surface 10 is formed on one side of the tool holder body 6 close to the fixing plate 8; the pin-connected scraper 2 is formed with a second pin hole 11, and a second mating surface 12 is formed on the side of the pin-connected scraper 2, and the pin-connected scraper 2 contacts the first mating surface 10 on the tool holder body 6 through the second mating surface 12; adapters are provided on both sides of the roller cutter box 3 Plate 13, a third pin hole 14 is formed on the adapter plate 13, and a third mating surface 15 is formed on the adapter plate 13. The adapter plate 13 contacts the first mating surface 10 on the tool holder body 6 through the third mating surface 15; the pin body 4 passes through the first pin hole 9 and the second pin hole 11, so that the pin-connected tool holder 1 and the pin-connected scraper 2 are connected as one; or the pin body 4 passes through the first pin hole 9 and the third pin hole 14, so that the pin-connected tool holder 1 and the roller cutter box 3 are connected as one; the upper end of the roller cutter box 3 is also provided with a roller cutter mounting portion 16. When the tunnel boring machine is excavating in a soft soil layer, the pin-connected tool holder 1 is installed with the pin-connected scraper 2, and the pin-connected tool holder 1 is not installed with the roller cutter box 3. The pin-connected toolholder 1 adopts an integrated structure, which includes a toolholder body 6 and two fixing plates 8. The toolholder body 6 is directly and rigidly connected to the cutterhead beam 7, thereby fixing the toolholder body 6 in its position within the entire cutterhead structure. The fixing plates 8 are integral with the toolholder body 6 and are divided into two symmetrical parts, each of which has a first pin hole 9 and at least one positioning bolt hole 17. The pin-connected scraper 2 has a second pin hole 11 and a second mating surface 12 corresponding to the pin-connected toolholder 1, which are used to securely mount the pin-connected scraper 2 on the pin-connected toolholder 1. Two adapter plates 13 are provided, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the hob cutter box 3; each adapter plate 13 is provided with a third pin hole 14. The hob cutter mounting portion 16 includes two slots 18, each of which has a hob cutter mounting positioning bottom surface 19 and two hob cutter mounting positioning side surfaces 20. The adapter plate 13 has a third pin hole 14 corresponding to the first pin hole 9 on the fixing plate 8 of the pin-connected tool holder 1, and a third mating surface 15 corresponding to the tool holder body 6, for fixing the hob cutter case 3 as a whole to the pin-connected tool holder 1. The hob cutter mounting portion 16 has two slots 18 formed in the upper opening on both sides of the hob cutter case 3. Each slot 18 has a hob cutter mounting positioning bottom surface 19 and two hob cutter mounting positioning side surfaces 20. The pin body 4 mates with the pin holes in the pin-connected tool holder 1, the pin-connected scraper 2, or the hob cutter case 3 to complete the installation of the pin-connected tool holder 1 and the pin-connected scraper 2, or the pin-connected tool holder 1 and the hob cutter case 3. The pin body 4 also has at least one groove 29, the position of which corresponds to the positioning bolt hole 17 in the pin-connected tool holder 1, for inserting the pin positioning bolt 30.The pin locating bolt 30 engages with the locating bolt hole 17 in the pin-connected cutterhead 1 and, after being tightened, extends into the groove 29 of the pin body 4, ensuring that the pin body 4 is installed in place and will not fall out. The cutter shaft of the hob body 5 has a vertical locating surface 21, a horizontal locating surface 22, and an oblique locating surface 23 at each end. The horizontal locating surface 22 and the vertical locating surface 21 respectively engage with the cutter installation positioning bottom surface 19 and the cutter installation positioning side surface 20 in the slot 18 of the hob mounting portion 16. The oblique locating surface 23 engages with the block positioning inclined surface 27 in the cutter shaft block 24. The cutter shaft block 24 has a block positioning side surface 26 and a block positioning inclined surface 27. The block positioning inclined surface 27 engages with the oblique locating surface 23 of the hob body 5, and the block positioning side surface 26 engages with one of the cutter installation positioning side surfaces 20 in the slot 18 of the hob mounting portion 16. The cutter shaft clamp 24 has a mating hole 28 that corresponds to the locking hole 25 of the hob mounting portion 16. Bolts are used to tighten the cutter shaft clamp 24 through the locking hole 25 and the mating hole 28, thereby securing the hob body 5. At least two pin-type scrapers 2 are positioned in each direction along the scraper path corresponding to the replacement pin-type scrapers 2, pointing in opposite directions. The two pin-type scrapers 2 are located on opposite sides of the same cutter beam 7. The tearing blade 31 on the cutter beam 7 is positioned midway between the two pin-type scrapers 2. The present invention can directly replace the roller cutter when encountering composite strata, thereby improving the adaptability of the cutterhead excavation; compared with the existing composite cutterheads on the market, the roller cutter is not used in soft soil strata, thereby avoiding the problem of uneven wear of the roller cutter due to the inability to reach the starting torque in soft soil strata; the overall design of the present invention is reasonable and the structure is simple, which not only improves the adaptability and excavation efficiency of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead, but also reduces the wear of the tool, saves construction costs, meets the market demand to a greater extent, and has great promotion value.

[0078] See also Figure 10 In a possible embodiment, the structure of the roller cutter box 3 adopts a non-linear design. In this case, due to the avoidance design, the tearing knife 31 can be arranged in the middle position of the paired pin-type scrapers 2.

[0079] refer to Figure 11 In a possible embodiment, the structure of the hob cutter box 3 can adopt another non-linear design. In this case, the pair of universal cutter seats that need to be replaced can be located at non-completely symmetrical positions on both sides of the cutter beam.

[0080] Although the present invention has been described in detail above using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements may be made thereto. Therefore, such modifications and improvements, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, are intended to be within the scope of protection claimed herein.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine tool mechanism, characterized in that: It includes a universal cutter holder, a scraper, a hob cutter box (3), connecting fasteners and a hob cutter body (5); The universal blade holder is fixedly connected to the cutterhead beam of the tunnel boring machine and has a detachable connection interface corresponding to the scraper; The scraper has a detachable connection interface corresponding to the universal blade holder; The hob cutter box (3) has a detachable connection interface corresponding to the universal cutter seat, and the hob cutter box (3) has a hob cutter mounting portion (16); The connecting fasteners include fasteners for detachably connecting the universal cutter holder to the scraper or hob cutter box (3), and fasteners for detachably connecting the hob cutter box (3) to the hob cutter body (5); The universal tool holder is a pin-connected tool holder (1), comprising a tool holder body (6), wherein the pin-connected tool holder (1) is fixedly connected to a cutterhead beam (7) of a tunnel boring machine via the tool holder body (6); a fixing plate (8) is connected to one side of the tool holder body (6), the fixing plate (8) being provided with a first pin hole (9), and a first mating surface (10) is formed on one side of the tool holder body (6) close to the fixing plate (8); The universal blade holder and the corresponding detachable interface of the scraper are connected by a detachable pin or bolt; The hob cutter box (3) is connected to the universal cutter seat via a detachable connecting interface corresponding to the universal cutter seat via a detachable pin or bolt; The hob mounting portion (16) of the hob cutter box (3) is used for detachable installation of the hob body; The scraper is a pin-type scraper (2) formed with a second pin hole (11), and a second mating surface (12) is formed on the side of the pin-type scraper (2). The pin-type scraper (2) contacts the first mating surface (10) on the blade holder body (6) through the second mating surface (12); An adapter plate (13) is provided on both sides of the hob cutter box (3), a third pin hole (14) is formed on the adapter plate (13), a third mating surface (15) is formed on the adapter plate (13), and the adapter plate (13) contacts the first mating surface (10) on the cutter seat body (6) through the third mating surface (15); The connecting fastener comprises a pin body (4), the pin body (4) passing through the first pin hole (9) and the second pin hole (11) so that the pin-connected knife holder (1) and the pin-connected scraper (2) are connected as one body; or the pin body (4) passing through the first pin hole (9) and the third pin hole (14) so that the pin-connected knife holder (1) and the hob cutter box (3) are connected as one body; The upper end of the roller cutter box (3) is further provided with a roller cutter mounting portion (16). When the tunnel boring machine is excavating in a soft soil layer, the pin-type scraper (2) is mounted on the pin-connected cutter seat (1), and the roller cutter box (3) is not mounted on the pin-connected cutter seat (1).

2. A tunnel boring machine tool mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two fixing plates (8), and the two fixing plates (8) are symmetrically connected to the knife seat body (6), and each fixing plate (8) is provided with a first pin hole (9); A positioning bolt hole (17) is also provided on the side of each fixing plate (8), and a pin positioning bolt (30) is connected to the positioning bolt hole (17).

3. A tunnel boring machine tool mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two adapter plates (13) are provided, and the adapter plates (13) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the hob cutter box (3); each adapter plate (13) is provided with a third pin hole (14); The hob cutter box (3) is connected to two pin-connected cutter seats (1) and two pin-connected scrapers (2) via two adapter plates (13).

4. A tunnel boring machine tool mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hob mounting portion (16) comprises two slots (18), each of the slots (18) being provided with a hob mounting positioning bottom surface (19) and two hob mounting positioning side surfaces (20); The two ends of the hob body (5) are each provided with a vertical positioning surface (21), a horizontal positioning surface (22) and an oblique positioning surface (23); The horizontal positioning surface (22) cooperates with the hob installation positioning bottom surface (19) of the slot (18), and the vertical positioning surface (21) cooperates with a hob installation positioning side surface (20) of the slot (18).

5. The tunnel boring machine tool mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: A cutter shaft clamping block (24) is provided inside the clamping slot (18), and a clamping block locking hole (25) is formed on the hob installation positioning bottom surface (19); The cutter shaft clamping block (24) is provided with a clamping block positioning side surface (26) and a clamping block positioning inclined surface (27); the clamping block positioning side surface (26) cooperates with another hob installation positioning side surface (20) of the clamping slot (18); the clamping block positioning inclined surface (27) cooperates with the oblique positioning surface (23) of the hob body (5); The cutter shaft clamping block (24) is provided with a clamping block matching hole (28) corresponding to the clamping block locking hole (25); the cutter shaft clamping block (24) is tightened by a fixing bolt between the clamping block locking hole (25) and the clamping block matching hole (28) to fix the hob body (5).

6. A tunnel boring machine tool mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pin body (4) is provided with at least two grooves (29), and the positions of the grooves (29) correspond to the positioning bolt holes (17) on the pin-connected knife seat (1), so that the pin positioning bolts (30) can be inserted into the grooves (29).

7. A method for arranging cutters of a tunnel boring machine, using a cutter mechanism of a tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: On the scraper track corresponding to the pin-type scraper (2) that needs to be replaced by a roller cutter, at least two groups of the pin-type scrapers (2) are arranged, and each group includes at least a pair of pin-type scrapers (2) in opposite directions, and at least one pair of pin-type scrapers (2) in opposite directions in one group are located on both sides of the same cutter head beam (7); The tearing knife (31) on the cutter beam (7) is arranged at a middle position away from the two pin-type scrapers (2).

8. A tunnel boring machine tool arrangement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Arranging the tearing knife (31) and the knife height of the pin-type scraper (2) according to the formation conditions, and adjusting the knife height of the roller cutter body (5) by adjusting the depth of the slot (18) on the roller cutter box (3); The relationship between the blade heights of the tearing blade (31), the pin-type scraper (2), and the hob body (5) is: H t =a 1 H g +b 1 H t =a 2 H r +b 2 Where, H t The height of the tearing knife (31); H g is the blade height of the pin-type scraper (2); H r is the cutter height of the hob body (5); a 1 , b 1 , a 2 , b 2 It is a coefficient determined based on the tunnel geological conditions, design parameters of the tunnel boring machine and construction experience.

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