Battery system with accident emergency handling function and multi-stage battery system

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function and a multi-stage battery system. The battery system with the accident emergency disposal function comprises a shell, a cooling module and a battery, the shell is used for sealing the battery therein; the shell is provided with an accident flue gas output interface; the cooling module comprises a cavity, a flue gas access pipeline, a flue gas treatment part and a flue gas output structure; the cavity is used for storing a working medium for cooling accident flue gas; the flue gas access pipeline is communicated with the accident flue gas output interface and the flue gas treatment part; the flue gas treatment part is arranged in the working medium and is covered by the working medium so as to cool flue gas generated by a battery accident through the cooling module; the flue gas output structure is used for discharging the flue gas cooled by the cooling module outwards, and the cooling module is further provided with an air supply device. The system has the beneficial effects that a large amount of high-temperature flue gas escaping from the battery module in an accident state can be intensively and quickly treated through the cooling module, and the cooled flue gas is diluted through the air supply device, so that the risk of secondary accidents caused by the high-temperature flue gas is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery system and a multi-level battery system with accident emergency disposal functions, belonging to the technical field of batteries and electrical energy storage systems. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the energy storage industry, lithium battery energy storage systems, as an important technical solution, have been widely applied, and the usage of lithium batteries has also increased rapidly. Since lithium batteries themselves belong to an intrinsically unsafe system, and in the case of large-scale centralized use, the consequences of a serious accident are unpredictable. Therefore, the consensus in the industry is that system safety warning and protection should be strengthened, prevention should be the main focus, accidents should be avoided, and the spread of accidents should be blocked. However, for low-probability sudden serious accidents, it is very likely to break through the existing multi-level protection measures and cause serious consequences. Therefore, it is also necessary to design a highly reliable disposal plan specifically to form a comprehensive safety system.

[0003] The characteristics of battery modules and energy storage systems composed of a large number of battery modules are high energy density. When a violent out-of-control reaction occurs inside a battery module, a large amount of combustible flue gas (high-temperature flue gas) will be formed inside a relatively narrow space and a large amount of reaction heat will be generated. During the rapid diffusion of this high-temperature combustible flue gas, if it comes into contact with air, it will cause combustion or even explosion, making the accident more serious or causing the accident to spread. The characteristics of high-temperature combustible flue gas are uncertainty and potential high danger, which increases the complexity of accident disposal.

[0004] Since the battery system is an energized body, especially for large-scale battery systems, it is not recommended to directly use a large amount of water for accident disposal because the conductive characteristics of water may exacerbate the accident reaction. And because the energy density of the battery system is extremely high, the utilization rate of water for external water spraying fire-fighting measures is very low, and there are a large number of losses. The existing technology cannot efficiently use cheap water as a fire-fighting medium to dispose of battery accidents, which will undoubtedly greatly increase the disposal cost and also increase the accident risk.

[0005] The existing fire-fighting measures are to directly dispose of the accident location of the battery system. However, due to the high energy density of the battery system and limited disposal space, the disposal process cannot completely contain the spread of the accident; although there is a structure for concentrating and directing the discharge of flue gas, it cannot effectively reduce the danger of high-temperature flue gas and is prone to secondary disasters and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is difficult for the existing fire-fighting measures to quickly eliminate the huge heat generated in a short time and also cannot effectively reduce the danger of high-temperature combustible flue gas. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing battery module emergency disposal system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A battery system with an accident emergency disposal function, comprising: a housing, a cooling module, and a battery; the housing is used to enclose the battery therein; the housing is provided with an accident flue gas output interface; in the event of a battery accident, the flue gas generated by the battery accident is discharged from the housing through the accident flue gas output interface; The cooling module includes: a cavity, a flue gas access pipe, a flue gas treatment unit, and a flue gas output structure; the cavity is used to store the working medium for cooling the accident flue gas; the flue gas access pipe communicates the accident flue gas output interface and the flue gas treatment unit; the flue gas treatment unit is arranged in the working medium to cool down the flue gas generated by the battery accident; the flue gas output structure is used to discharge the flue gas that has been cooled by the cooling module to the outside.

[0008] The said housing is a structure with a protection function, which can maintain its own stability in the event of an accident and, in combination with the flue gas access pipe, realize the directional discharge of the accident flue gas; the said housing can be a fixed structure, such as a battery pack housing, a battery cabinet, etc.; it can also be a movable structure, such as a fireproof rolling gate, which is rolled up usually and unfolded during an accident to achieve isolation and protection; or, when a battery accident occurs, it is temporarily moved into the said housing to achieve accident disposal.

[0009] As a further scheme of the present invention: the flue gas treatment unit is provided with a smoke exhaust port for discharging the flue gas generated by the battery accident into the working medium; the smoke exhaust port is arranged in the working medium; the flue gas cooled by the working medium is discharged to the outside through the flue gas output structure.

[0010] As a further scheme of the present invention: the flue gas treatment unit is arranged at the bottom of the cavity; the flue gas treatment unit is provided with a plurality of smoke exhaust ports.

[0011] As a further scheme of the present invention: the battery system with an accident emergency disposal function further includes a one-way valve or a fluid flow control device; the one-way valve or the fluid flow control device is connected to one or more of the said flue gas output interface, flue gas access pipe, and flue gas treatment unit.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present invention: the battery system with an accident emergency disposal function further includes a forced smoke exhaust device; the forced smoke exhaust device is connected to one or more of the said flue gas output interface, flue gas access pipe, and flue gas treatment unit.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present invention: a fire extinguishing agent injection port is provided on the flue gas output interface and / or the said flue gas access pipe.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: The flue gas treatment unit includes: a flue gas heat exchanger; the flue gas heat exchanger is at least partially covered by a working medium; the flue gas exchanges heat with the working medium outside the flue gas heat exchanger and is then discharged outward through a flue gas output structure.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: The flue gas output structure is arranged at the upper part of the cooling module.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: The flue gas output structure is provided with a chimney extending upward for discharging smoke.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: The lower part of the cavity stores the working medium; the upper part of the cavity is an air cavity, which is used to play a buffering role in balancing the gas pressure.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: The cooling module is further provided with a air supply device; the air supply device is used to mix the treated flue gas with air to reduce the concentration of combustibles in the flue gas.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: The battery system with accident emergency disposal function further includes a working medium circulation system, the working medium circulation system includes a working medium injection port and a working medium discharge port, and the working medium circulation system is used to replace and / or cool the working medium.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: The working medium injection port is located above the cooling module, and the working medium discharge port is located at the bottom of the cooling module.

[0021] A battery system with accident emergency disposal function for a vehicle battery, the battery system with accident emergency disposal function is arranged in the vehicle, and the flue gas output structure is connected to an external smoke exhaust pipe for guiding the flue gas to be discharged and capable of connecting to an external cooling module for secondary treatment of the flue gas.

[0022] A multi-stage battery system with accident emergency disposal function includes: several stages of the above-mentioned battery systems with accident emergency disposal function; the casings of the battery systems with accident emergency disposal function at each stage adopt a hierarchical nested structure, and the casing of the battery system with accident emergency disposal function at a higher level encloses the casings of several battery systems with accident emergency disposal function at a lower level.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention: The cooling module can be set as a fixed cooling module, and the cooling module is fixedly connected to the casing.

[0024] As a further solution of the present invention: The cooling module can be set as a mobile cooling module, and in the case of a battery accident, it is connected to the accident flue gas output interface through a flue gas access pipe to realize the connection between the cooling module and the casing.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention: At least a part of the flue gas access pipe of the low-level battery system is wrapped in the housing of the high-level battery system. A pressure relief interface is provided on this part of the flue gas access pipe. When the pressure relief interface is opened, the accident flue gas can be directly introduced into the housing of the high-level battery system.

[0026] As a further solution of the present invention: When the accident range is controlled within the low-level battery system, activate the emergency disposal function of the low-level battery system; when the accident range breaks through the low-level battery system, activate the emergency disposal function of the high-level battery system.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. A large amount of high-temperature flue gas escaping from the battery under accident conditions can be centrally and quickly disposed of through the cooling module, eliminating the risk of secondary accidents caused by the high-temperature flue gas. The cooling module can store a large amount of cooling capacity, which is sufficient to cool the high-temperature flue gas that breaks out intensively in a short period to normal temperature before discharging, preventing secondary accidents when the flue gas is discharged. Since the flue gas is always in a closed environment, the chance of contacting oxygen before being cooled and discharged is very low, so that the accidents of the battery module are mainly pyrolysis rather than pyrolysis plus combustion, thus greatly reducing the harm degree and duration of the accident. By dealing with the battery accident, the defect that the indoor power station is not conducive to fire management can be overcome, ensuring the safe operation of the indoor energy storage power station.

[0028] 2. Since the battery module is first subjected to heat insulation and sealing treatment, as long as the accident flue gas can be discharged smoothly and can be processed in time, the sealing structure of the battery module will not be damaged due to the increase of internal pressure, so as to achieve the effect of blocking the spread of the accident.

[0029] 3. The working medium is liquid or solid water or a water-based solution. Of course, fire-fighting agents that can suppress accidents can also be appropriately added to the water. The technical solution of the present invention can not only give full play to the advantages of water with large specific heat capacity and large latent heat of phase change, greatly improve the utilization efficiency of water, reduce the water consumption, but also avoid the risk of the conductive water directly contacting the battery system and aggravating the accident reaction.

[0030] 4. Compared with the fire extinguishing agents commonly used in the prior art, water has the advantages of low cost, no shelf life limit, and high reliability.

[0031] 5. The system is provided with a circulating filtration subsystem. Through the circulating filtration subsystem, impurities adsorbed by the liquid working medium (such as a large amount of particulate matter and some VOCs components, etc.) can be filtered out and harmlessly treated, greatly reducing the environmental pollution.

[0032] 6. For an energy storage system containing a large number of batteries, since the utilization rate of the accident disposal system is extremely low and it only functions when an accident occurs, the owner is very cautious about the equipment investment in this regard. Since the energy storage system needs to cool the batteries all year round, the cooling module of the present invention can be used as a cold source usually, adopting an operation mode similar to the "peak shifting and valley filling" of the chilled water air conditioning system in buildings to save the operation electricity cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function as the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function as the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function as another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function as yet another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function including a chilled storage module of the present invention; Figure 6 is a panoramic schematic diagram of a prefabricated cabin type energy storage power station with an accident emergency disposal function including a mobile cooling module of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of applying the battery system with an accident emergency disposal function to a vehicle; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of applying the battery system with an accident emergency disposal function including a mobile cooling module to a vehicle; Figure 9 is a panoramic schematic diagram of a single energy storage prefabricated cabin of a prefabricated cabin type energy storage power station applying the battery accident multi - level emergency disposal system.

[0034] List of reference numerals: housing 10, cooling module 20, battery 30, working medium 40, chilled storage module 60, cavity 21, flue gas access pipe 22, flue gas treatment unit 23, flue gas output structure 24, flue gas heat exchanger 25, chimney 26, air supply device 27, water source 51, water inlet 52, water outlet 53, filtering device 54. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] As the first embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function includes: a housing 10, a cooling module 20, and a battery 30.

[0037] The housing 10 is used to enclose the battery 30 therein. The housing 10 is provided with an accident flue gas output interface. In the event of a battery accident, the accident flue gas output interface is opened to direct the discharge of the flue gas generated by the battery accident.

[0038] The cooling module 20 includes: a cavity 21, a flue gas access pipe 22, a flue gas treatment part 23, and a flue gas output structure 24. The cavity 21 is used to store a working medium 40 for cooling the accident flue gas. The flue gas access pipe 22 communicates the accident flue gas output interface and the flue gas treatment part 23. The flue gas treatment part 23 is disposed in the working medium 40 and covered by the working medium 40 to cool the flue gas generated by the battery accident through the cooling module 20. The flue gas output structure 24 is used to discharge the flue gas that has been cooled by the cooling module 20 to the outside. Both the housing 10 and the flue gas access pipe 22 can be made of high-temperature resistant and heat-insulating materials and have high-temperature resistant and heat-insulating effects.

[0039] As a specific implementation manner, the flue gas treatment part 23 is provided with a smoke exhaust port for discharging the flue gas generated by the battery accident into the working medium 40. The smoke exhaust port is disposed in the working medium 40. The flue gas cooled by the working medium 40 is discharged to the outside through the flue gas output structure 24. The flue gas treatment part 23 is disposed at the bottom of the cavity 21. The flue gas treatment part 23 is provided with a plurality of smoke exhaust ports, so that the high-temperature accident flue gas can fully exchange heat with the working medium and be quickly reduced to room temperature.

[0040] As an optional implementation manner, a one-way valve or a similar fluid flow control device is provided to prevent the working medium 40 from flowing back into the housing interior. The one-way valve or a similar fluid flow control device is connected to one or more of the flue gas output interface, the flue gas access pipe, and the flue gas treatment part.

[0041] As an optional implementation manner, a forced smoke exhaust device, such as a fan, connected to one or more of the flue gas output interface, the flue gas access pipe, and the flue gas treatment part is provided for directing and quickly diverting the accident flue gas in the event of an accident.

[0042] As an optional implementation manner, a fire extinguishing agent injection port is provided on one or both of the flue gas output interface and the flue gas access pipeline, and the fire extinguishing agent can be injected into the interior of the housing through the fire extinguishing agent injection port, further avoiding the spread of accidents.

[0043] The flue gas output structure 24 is arranged at the upper part of the cooling module 20. As a further solution of the present invention: the lower part of the cavity 21 stores the working medium 40. The upper part of the cavity 21 is an air cavity, which is used to play a buffering role in balancing the gas pressure.

[0044] When a thermal runaway accident occurs in the battery, mainly pyrolysis reactions occur inside the battery, and as a result, a large amount of high-temperature combustible flue gas is rapidly generated; the heat generated (electrochemical energy + reaction heat) during the complete decomposition inside the battery is about 2-3 times the SOC of the battery before the accident, and the instantaneous heat release power is very high. However, if the high-temperature combustible flue gas comes into contact with external oxygen and burns or even explodes and spreads to surrounding items, the heat released will increase geometrically. The battery system with accident emergency disposal function can effectively cool the high-temperature combustible flue gas generated by the battery accident, timely absorb all the heat generated during the accident process (designed to be capable of absorbing heat equivalent to 3 times the rated battery capacity at the maximum), and can make the cooled combustible flue gas not burn or even explode even when mixed with oxygen.

[0045] As the second embodiment of the present invention, for example Figure 2 shown, the housing 10, the cooling module 20, the battery 30, the working medium 40, the cavity 21, the flue gas access pipeline 22 and the flue gas output structure 24 are the same as Figure 1 shown in the first embodiment. Different from Figure 1 the first embodiment shown, in the second embodiment, the flue gas treatment unit 23 includes: a flue gas heat exchanger 25. The flue gas heat exchanger is covered by the working medium 40. After the flue gas exchanges heat with the working medium outside the flue gas heat exchanger 25 through the flue gas heat exchanger 25, it is discharged outwards through the flue gas output structure 24. In the manner of the first embodiment, the flue gas is directly discharged into the working medium, and the cooling effect is good, and some substances in the flue gas can be adsorbed by the working medium. While adopting the manner of the second embodiment, the flue gas indirectly exchanges heat with the working medium through the flue gas heat exchanger, and the flue gas will not pollute the working medium, and the operating conditions are stable.

[0046] As an optional implementation manner, for example Figure 3As shown in the figure, a working medium circulation system is configured in the system. The working medium circulation system includes a working medium source 51. The working medium injection port 52 is located at the upper part of the cooling module, and the working medium discharge port 53 is located at the bottom of the cooling module, closer to the flue gas treatment part, facilitating the discharge of high-temperature hot working medium. The high-temperature hot working medium can be cooled by using normal-temperature circulating working medium. As an optional implementation mode, the working medium is water, and the working medium source 51 is a water source, which can be a municipal fire water source, a natural or artificial water source. In an accident state, the cooling module is connected to the water source, and normal-temperature cold water is continuously injected through the water injection port on the cavity. At the same time, the high-temperature hot water after heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the drain port on the cavity. As an optional implementation mode, the water circulation system can also include a filtering device 54 to harmlessly treat the discharged hot water before discharging it.

[0047] As another optional implementation mode, low-temperature medium can also be used for cooling. In this case, a cold storage module 60 (refer to Figure 4 ) needs to be configured in the system, which can specifically be ice cold storage or water cold storage, etc. The advantage of this mode is strong heat exchange capacity. Compared with the normal-temperature water solution, it can withstand the impact of more violent high-temperature accident flue gas in a unit space, which is beneficial to the disposal of accidents. Moreover, storing ice or ice slurry in the cooling module 60 can more effectively reduce the flue gas temperature. If the temperature of the VOCs component can be reduced below its boiling point, the volatilization amount can be significantly reduced, further reducing the accident risk and pollutant emissions.

[0048] As Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown in the figure, for a system with daily refrigeration requirements, when the system is in a normal state for most of the time, the "peak load shifting and valley filling" operation mode can be adopted to reduce the operation cost. In the normal state, the water in the cooling module is cooled through the refrigeration cycle system to store cold energy; and the "peak load shifting and valley filling" operation mode can be adopted to release cold energy through the cold energy release cycle system to provide cold energy for the system with daily refrigeration requirements. To achieve the goal of providing cold energy for the system with daily refrigeration requirements, the volume of the cold storage module is usually very large. In an accident state, the cold energy stored in the cooling module is used to cool the high-temperature flue gas. Generally, the stored cold energy is sufficient to complete the whole process of accident disposal. Of course, the refrigeration cycle system can also be started to supplement cold energy to the cooling module to enhance its accident disposal ability. Refer to Figure 4, in the cooling cycle system and the cold release cycle system, a heat exchanger 61 is used to achieve heat exchange in the cooling module. Of course, different heat exchangers or mixing devices can also be used respectively to complete the heat exchange process. For an ice storage cooling system, ice will form on the heat exchanger and its fins. Placing the heat exchanger above the flue gas treatment section can, on the one hand, enable the high-temperature accident flue gas to fully contact the ice layer and quickly cool down, and on the other hand, prevent the ice from blocking the smoke exhaust port of the flue gas treatment section and avoid poor exhaust. The refrigeration cycle and the cold release cycle usually consist of two groups of supply and return pipes to form a cycle of the working medium, and heat exchange is achieved by using a heat exchanger, or / and in a direct mixing manner. The cooling module can be independent of or combined with the cold storage module.

[0049] As an alternative implementation, as Figure 4 shown, in the flue gas output structure, there is a chimney 26 that extends upward for smoke exhaust. Specifically, the cooling module can be provided with a smoke exhaust subsystem for exhausting the flue gas after being treated by the working medium. The smoke exhaust subsystem is provided with a chimney that extends upward. By setting the chimney structure, the treated gas can be guided away from the accident site, further reducing the risk. The cooling module is also provided with a blower device 27. The blower device is used to mix the treated flue gas with air to reduce the concentration of combustibles in the flue gas. The blower device introduces external fresh air to reduce the concentration of combustibles in the flue gas and thus reduce the risk.

[0050] As a specific implementation, as Figure 1 shown, the cooling module 20 can be set as a fixed cooling module 20, and the cooling module 20 is fixedly connected to the housing 10.

[0051] As an alternative implementation, as Figure 6 shown, the cooling module can be set as a mobile cooling module. In this case, the cooling module is an independent unit that is connected to the flue gas through a flue gas access pipe for treatment. In the event of a battery accident, it is docked with the accident flue gas output interface through the flue gas access pipe to achieve the connection between the cooling module and the housing.

[0052] The above content mainly elaborates on various framework structures, organizational forms of the technical solution and the design details of the cooling module. For further convenience, it is illustrated with an actual application scenario as an example.

[0053] As Figure 7 shown, a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function for vehicle batteries is provided in the vehicle. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function described above is installed in the vehicle. That is, the housing 10 and the cooling module 20 are installed in the vehicle. The vehicle battery is enclosed by the housing 10.

[0054] The accident flue gas output interface is in a closed state under non-accident conditions. After a battery failure, when the air pressure rises too high and the temperature increases, it can be opened through pressure signals or / and temperature signals. After the accident flue gas output interface is opened, the flue gas enters the cooling module through the smoke exhaust pipe for cooling. The vehicle air conditioning system can be used to supplement the working medium with cold energy, and the vehicle air conditioning system is used as the cold storage circulation subsystem of the cooling module to undertake the refrigeration operation. For electric vehicles, adopting a battery system with accident emergency disposal functions can prevent open flames from occurring in the early stage of an accident and effectively suppress the harmfulness of the accident. However, due to limited vehicle space, the on-vehicle cooling module 20 can generally only handle accident flue gas within 30 minutes. Subsequently, the cold energy of the cooling module will be exhausted, which is sufficient time for the driver and passengers to escape and take further disposal measures.

[0055] When several electric vehicles are parked adjacent to each other in a parking lot, if one of the electric vehicles has an accident, it is easy to spread to the surrounding vehicles, causing serious chain reactions. This situation is particularly disastrous for underground parking lots. At this time, a mobile cooling module can be equipped in the parking lot. When the vehicle is parked and has a battery accident, the on-vehicle cooling module is used for initial disposal first, and then the mobile cooling module is moved to the vicinity of the vehicle with the accident and connected to the smoke exhaust pipe extending outside the vehicle to continuously dispose of the accident flue gas and prevent the accident from spreading to the surrounding vehicles. The above connection process can be completed manually or automatically by an automatic connection robot. The flue gas output structure is connected to an external smoke exhaust pipe. The external smoke exhaust pipe is used to guide the flue gas out and can be connected to an external smoke exhaust pipe for secondary treatment of the flue gas by an external cooling module. For example, refer to Figure 8 As shown, on the basis of setting the housing 10 and the cooling module 20 in the vehicle, the smoke access pipe of an independent cooling module can also be connected through the external smoke exhaust pipe. The mobile cooling module is used as the external cooling module to perform secondary treatment on the flue gas.

[0056] The battery system with accident emergency disposal functions can be applied to large-scale battery systems, such as energy storage power stations, electric vehicle swapping stations, etc. In large-scale battery systems, a large number of battery modules are densely stored; in order to achieve hierarchical positioning and precise disposal of accidents, a multi-level emergency disposal system for battery accidents is required. Taking Figure 6 the prefabricated cabin type energy storage power station as an example for illustration.

[0057] A multi-level emergency disposal system for battery accidents includes: several levels of the above-mentioned battery systems with accident emergency disposal functions.

[0058] The shells of the battery systems at each level adopt a hierarchical nested architecture, and the shells of several lower-level battery systems are enclosed in the shell of the higher-level battery system. When the scope of the accident is controlled within the lower-level battery system, the lower-level battery system will handle it. When the scope of the accident exceeds the lower-level battery system, the higher-level battery system will be activated for handling.

[0059] Specifically, Figure 6 It is a prefabricated cabin energy storage power station, which includes a refrigeration host system, a centralized cold storage module, a mobile cooling module and several energy storage prefabricated cabins. During normal operation, the peak-shifting and valley-filling operation mode is adopted, that is, the refrigeration host system operates during the valley power period, and the centralized cold storage module is supplemented with cold through the refrigeration cycle; then, the centralized cold storage module provides cold to each energy storage prefabricated cabin through the cold release cycle, which is mainly used for daily cooling of the battery system. In the event of an accident, the mobile cooling module is moved to the vicinity of the energy storage prefabricated cabin where the accident occurred and docked with it, and then standby or handle the accident. The mobile cooling module is connected to the centralized cold storage module through a circulation pipeline, and the centralized cold storage module continuously provides the mobile cooling module with the cold required to cool the flue gas.

[0060] in, Figure 9 The energy storage battery prefabricated cabin includes a prefabricated cabin air conditioning host, a control junction cabinet and six battery clusters. Each battery cluster includes three battery cabinets, each battery cabinet includes seven grids mainly used to place battery modules, and can also place control modules; generally, one battery cluster is equipped with one control module. Figure 9 The energy storage prefabricated cabin can be equipped with three levels of battery systems with accident emergency response functions. Battery module level (first level), battery cabinet level (second level) and battery cluster / prefabricated cabin level (third level). Each level has a corresponding shell and cooling module. Each battery module is placed on the partition of the battery cabinet, and the battery module is enclosed in the shell of the battery cabinet. The battery module uses a closed shell (generally the standard is protection level IP67) as the first-level shell. The first-level smoke exhaust duct adopts a Φ50mm circular pipe with a cross-sectional area of ​​about 0.002㎡, the second-level smoke exhaust duct adopts a Φ150mm circular pipe with a cross-sectional area of ​​about 0.018㎡, and the third-level smoke exhaust duct adopts a rectangular flat tube with a cross-sectional area of ​​about 0.14㎡. For safety reasons, to prevent excessive local pressure from damaging the protective structure, the cross-sectional area of ​​each level of the pipe can also be appropriately increased. The shell of the battery module is provided with a first-level one-way safety valve, which is opened in an accident state. The first-level smoke exhaust duct is connected to each first-level one-way safety valve respectively, and then extends outward after being aggregated and connected to the first-level cooling module. The first-stage cooling module is installed in the prefabricated cabin to handle primary accidents at the battery module level.

[0061] At least a part of the flue gas access pipe of the low-level battery system is wrapped in the housing of the high-level battery system. A pressure relief interface is provided on this part of the flue gas access pipe. When the pressure relief interface is opened, the accident flue gas can be directly introduced into the housing of the high-level battery system.

[0062] The housing of the battery module can be designed to have high-temperature resistance and heat insulation functions as the first-level housing. The housing and partition of the battery cabinet can also be set to have high-temperature resistance and heat insulation functions. The housing and partition of the battery cabinet and the housing of the battery module together form the first-level housing. At this time, there is no airtightness requirement for the partition, and the partition is mainly used to block thermal radiation and reduce heat convection. When the accident high-temperature flue gas can be discharged in time, the closed housing of the battery module does not need to bear too high atmospheric pressure, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty and cost.

[0063] Before the first-level smoke exhaust pipe extends out through the housing of the battery cabinet, a first-level pressure relief interface is set. This pressure relief interface is used to monitor the internal pressure of the first-level smoke exhaust pipe after aggregation. When the accident spreads and causes the internal pressure of the first-level smoke exhaust pipe to rise, the pressure relief device opens to introduce the accident flue gas into the space of the battery cabinet.

[0064] The pressure relief interface includes three interfaces: an air inlet, an exhaust port, and a pressure relief port. The air inlet is connected to the flue gas access pipe of the same level in the housing of the higher level. The exhaust port is connected to the external smoke exhaust pipe outside the housing of the higher level. The pressure relief port communicates with the internal space of the housing of the higher level. Under normal conditions, both the exhaust port and the pressure relief port are closed. In the accident state, the pressure on the air inlet side rises, causing the exhaust port to open and discharge the accident flue gas to the exhaust port. When the accident spreads and the internal flue gas volume increases significantly, resulting in a continuous increase in pressure, the pressure relief port opens to introduce the accident flue gas into the housing of the higher level and then discharge it. At the same time, the exhaust port can be closed to stop outputting the accident flue gas to the external smoke exhaust pipe of the same level. The normally closed state of the exhaust port is to prevent the backflow of accident flue gas generated at other positions.

[0065] Three battery cabinets are enclosed in the housing of the battery cluster. Or a dynamic protection structure can also be adopted. For example, fireproof rolling gates are set between each battery cluster. They are in the retracted state under normal conditions and are fully unfolded during an accident to achieve fireproof and heat insulation isolation between each battery cluster. Second-level one-way safety valves are provided at the top of the three battery cabinets and open in the accident state. The second-level smoke exhaust pipes are respectively connected to the three second-level one-way safety valves, aggregated and then extend outwards, and are connected to the second-level cooling module. The second-level cooling module adopts an external mobile cooling module.

[0066] Before the second-stage smoke exhaust pipe extends outwards through the housing of the battery cluster, a second-stage pressure relief interface is provided. This pressure relief interface is used to monitor the internal pressure of the second-stage smoke exhaust pipe after aggregation. When the accident spreads and causes the internal pressure of the second-stage smoke exhaust pipe to rise, the pressure relief device opens to introduce the accident flue gas into the space of the battery cluster. The structural form of the second-stage pressure relief interface is the same as that of the above-mentioned first-stage pressure relief interface.

[0067] Six battery clusters are enclosed in the housing of the prefabricated cabin. Third-stage one-way safety valves are respectively provided at the tops of the six battery clusters and are opened under accident conditions. The third-stage smoke exhaust pipes are respectively connected to three third-stage one-way safety valves, and are aggregated in two ways and extend outwards from the top of the prefabricated cabin through three aggregation channels and are connected to the third-stage cooling module. The three aggregation channels are arranged in an up-and-down manner and are connected to the main smoke exhaust pipe interface provided on one side of the top of the prefabricated cabin. At the same time, the second-stage smoke exhaust channel is also connected to the main smoke exhaust pipe interface. The third-stage cooling module and the second-stage cooling module are used in common Figure 6 The mobile cooling module shown in the figure. The setting of each one-way valve can prevent the flue gas released from a housing where an accident occurs from pouring into the space of other housings where no accident occurs.

[0068] For the indoor layout energy storage power station system, the system setting and disposal process are roughly the same as those of the prefabricated cabin type energy storage power station system, and only need to strictly achieve zoning and hierarchical fire isolation and reserve the travel route of the mobile cooling module.

[0069] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0070] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A battery system with an accident emergency disposal function, characterized in that, it includes: a housing, a cooling module, and a battery; the housing is used to enclose the battery therein; the housing is provided with an accident flue gas output interface, and in the event of a battery accident, the flue gas generated by the battery accident is discharged from the housing through the accident flue gas output interface; the cooling module includes: a cavity, a flue gas access pipe, a flue gas treatment part, and a flue gas output structure; the cavity is used to store a working medium for cooling accident flue gas; the flue gas access pipe connects the accident flue gas output interface and the flue gas treatment part; the flue gas treatment part is arranged in the working medium to cool the flue gas generated by the battery accident; the flue gas output structure is used to discharge the cooled flue gas to the outside; the cooling module is further provided with a blowing device; the blowing device is used to suck in air from the external environment and mix the cooled flue gas with the air to reduce the concentration of combustibles in the flue gas.

2. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, the flue gas treatment part is provided with a smoke exhaust port for discharging the flue gas generated by the battery accident into the working medium; the smoke exhaust port is arranged in the working medium; the flue gas cooled by the working medium is discharged to the outside through the flue gas output structure.

3. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function according to claim 2, characterized in that, the flue gas treatment part is arranged at the bottom of the cavity; the flue gas treatment part is provided with a plurality of the smoke exhaust ports.

4. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, the flue gas treatment part includes: a flue gas heat exchanger; the flue gas heat exchanger is at least partially covered by the working medium; the flue gas exchanges heat with the working medium outside the flue gas heat exchanger and is then discharged to the outside through the flue gas output structure.

5. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, the flue gas output structure is arranged at the upper part of the cooling module.

6. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function according to claim 5, characterized in that, the flue gas output structure is provided with a chimney extending upward for smoke exhaust.

7. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, the lower part of the cavity stores the working medium; the upper part of the cavity is an air chamber, which is used to play a buffering role in balancing the gas pressure.

8. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, the battery system with an accident emergency disposal function further includes: a working medium supply system; the working medium supply system includes a working medium injection port and a working medium discharge port, and the working medium supply system is used to replace and / or cool the working medium in the cooling module.

9. A battery system with an accident emergency disposal function for a vehicle battery, characterized in that, A battery system with an accident emergency handling function as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is provided in a vehicle, and the flue gas output structure is connected to an external smoke exhaust pipe that can guide the flue gas to be discharged and can be connected to an external cooling module for secondary treatment of the flue gas.

10. A multi-stage battery system with an accident emergency handling function, characterized in that it includes: several battery systems with an accident emergency handling function as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; the housings of the battery systems with an accident emergency handling function at each level adopt a hierarchical nested architecture, and the housings of several battery systems with an accident emergency handling function at a lower level are enclosed within the housing of the battery system with an accident emergency handling function at a higher level.

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