Wire extruding structure for gradient material 3D printing, equipment with wire extruding structure and 3D printing process applying equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a gradient material 3D printing wire extruding structure which comprises a plurality of stepping motors used for a 3D printer, wire extruding structures are arranged on the stepping motors, heating blocks are arranged at the discharging ends of the wire extruding structures, and nozzles are arranged on the heating blocks; the wire extruding structure comprises a connecting frame and a driving wheel, the connecting frame is connected with the portion, on the transmission side of the stepping motor, of the rack, the driving wheel is arranged on a transmission shaft of the stepping motor in a sleeving mode, and a plurality of extruding assemblies are arranged at a wire groove of the driving wheel; the extrusion assembly comprises an extrusion head and a fixing block, the extrusion head is arranged in a groove A and a groove B formed in the driving wheel in a penetrating mode, the fixing block is connected with the driving wheel, a telescopic piece is arranged between the fixing block and the extrusion head, and the telescopic piece is sleeved with a spring. The wire pressing device has the advantage that the wire passing between the driving wheel and the pressing wheel is propped, so that the wire passes continuously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and in particular to a filament extrusion structure for gradient material 3D printing, equipment having the same, and a 3D printing process using the equipment. Background Art

[0002] 3D printing is a technology that creates three-dimensional objects by stacking materials layer by layer. 3D printing filaments are the main consumables of fused deposition modeling technology, which are formed by heating and extruding and then stacking layer by layer. 3D printing gradient materials refer to a class of advanced materials whose material composition, structure or performance changes continuously or discretely in space.

[0003] To manufacture structures with gradient characteristics, 3D printers use multiple nozzles to achieve precise control of the distribution of different materials, thereby manufacturing structures with gradient characteristics. The 3D printer uses a stepper motor to drive the drive wheel in the wire extrusion mechanism to rotate, and cooperates with the clamping wheel in the wire extrusion mechanism to squeeze the wire between the drive wheel and the clamping wheel to the nozzle, and melts the wire through the heating block and sprays it out from the nozzle, piling up layer by layer on the workbench. The 3D printer is equipped with an X / Y / Z axis drive mechanism to adjust the printing position in three dimensions.

[0004] The drive wheel and the pressure wheel in the wire extrusion mechanism are provided with wire grooves, which are provided along the outer rings of the drive wheel and the pressure wheel. The wire passes through the wire grooves on the drive wheel and the pressure wheel and is squeezed. In order to accommodate wires of different sizes, the existing drive wheel and the pressure wheel have V-shaped wire grooves, so that wires of different sizes can contact the wire groove wall after entering the wire groove. However, the contact surface between the wire groove and the wire is reduced. For relatively smooth wires, the drive wheel and the pressure wheel may slip after being worn, and the ejected wire is not continuous enough.

[0005] In view of this, we propose a filament extrusion structure for gradient material 3D printing, equipment having the same, and a 3D printing process using the equipment. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a filament extrusion structure for gradient material 3D printing, equipment having the same and a 3D printing process using the equipment, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a wire extrusion mechanism for gradient material 3D printing, comprising a wire extrusion structure (200), the wire extrusion structure comprising a connecting frame and a driving wheel, the connecting frame being fixedly connected to a frame on the transmission side of a stepper motor, a compression shell of the wire extrusion structure being rotatably connected to the connecting frame, a torsion spring being provided on a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the compression shell and the connecting frame; a compression wheel being rotatably provided on the compression shell; the driving wheel being sleeved on a transmission shaft of the stepper motor, the transmission shaft of the stepper motor extending into the wire extrusion structure, the driving wheel corresponding to the compression wheel in the wire extrusion structure, a plurality of extrusion assemblies being provided in a circular array at a wire groove of the driving wheel; the extrusion assembly comprising an extrusion head and a fixed block, the extrusion head being inserted into a groove A and a groove B provided on the driving wheel, the outer ends of the extrusion head being arranged in an arc shape on both sides, the fixed block being fixedly connected to the driving wheel, the fixed block being arranged at the inner end of the groove B, a telescopic member being provided between the fixed block and the extrusion head, and a spring being sleeved on the telescopic member.

[0008] Preferably, movable blocks are fixed on both sides of the inner end of the extrusion head, the groove A is connected to the groove B, the length of the groove A is greater than the length of the groove B, the outer ends of the two movable blocks are slidably matched with the two side walls of the groove B, and the spring is always in a compressed state.

[0009] Preferably, a groove is provided at the inner end of the extrusion head, the guide shaft end of the telescopic member and one end of the spring are arranged in the groove, the guide shaft end of the telescopic member and one end of the spring are fixedly connected to the top wall in the groove, and the bushing end of the telescopic member and the other end of the spring are fixedly connected to the fixed block.

[0010] Preferably, the extrusion assembly also includes a broken piece, and a plurality of fixing strips are provided at the outer end of the extrusion head. The slots opened on the plurality of fixing strips are respectively inserted and matched with the plurality of inserting strips fixed at the inner ends of the broken pieces. The inner ends of the slots are closed, and the cross-section of the inserting strips is trapezoidal. The inserting strips are adapted to the slots. A groove C is opened at the opening of the inner bottom wall of the slot, and a spring piece is provided in the groove C. The spring piece is arc-shaped, and the inner end of the spring piece is fixed in the groove C, and the outer end of the spring piece abuts and cooperates with the inserting strip.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the inner end of the slot is configured as an inclined surface.

[0012] Preferably, the broken piece is in the shape of a hook.

[0013] The gradient material 3D printing equipment of the wire extrusion mechanism includes multiple stepper motors for 3D printers, the stepper motors are connected to the X-axis of the 3D printer through a mounting frame, the mounting frame slides along the X-axis of the 3D printer through an X-axis drive module, the stepper motor is provided with a wire extrusion structure, the discharge end of the wire extrusion structure is provided with a heating block, the heating block is provided with a nozzle, the throat connected to the heating block is connected to the nozzle, the throat is connected to the discharge port of the wire extrusion structure, the heating block contains a heating resistor to conduct heat to the nozzle, the wire extrusion structure is provided with a heat sink, and the heat sink is provided with a fan.

[0014] Preferably, the inner cavity of the driving wheel is fixed with an inner tube through a plurality of connecting blocks distributed in a ring array, the inner tube is sleeved on the transmission shaft of the stepping motor, and the outer ring wall of the outer end of the inner tube is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation components in a ring array;

[0015] The heat dissipation component includes a column, which is fixed to the outer wall of the inner tube. A connecting rod is fixed on the column, a sleeve is sleeved on the connecting rod, a limit block is fixed on the outer end of the connecting rod, the limit block is limited by the sleeve, and a heat conducting plate is fixed on the sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, the heat conducting sheet is wavy in shape.

[0017] The equipment's gradient material 3D printing process:

[0018] S1. Multiple wire rolls for 3D printing are installed one by one on the consumables rack of the 3D printer. The technician pulls out the wire from the wire roll by hand and inserts the wire end into the wire extrusion structure.

[0019] S2. The wire end is inserted from the wire barrel of the wire extrusion structure, and the wire is inserted between the driving wheel and the pressing wheel of the wire extrusion structure. The wire is squeezed through the wire grooves of the driving wheel and the pressing wheel. The corresponding outer end of the extrusion head contacts the wire, and the extrusion head is squeezed into the driving wheel. The telescopic member shortens accordingly, and the spring is further compressed. The reaction force generated by the compressed spring resists the wire; the stepper motor drives the driving wheel to rotate. As the driving wheel rotates, the wire passes between the driving wheel and the pressing wheel, and multiple extrusion heads resist the wire in sequence.

[0020] S3, the X / Y / Z axis drive mechanism of the 3D printer works. The wire is heated by the heating block and ejected from the nozzle in a molten state. To ensure continuity, some waste is ejected first, and then the product is printed on the workbench of the 3D printer in conjunction with the three-axis drive of the 3D printer.

[0021] Preferably, S2.1, if the wire passing through is soft, a driving wheel equipped with a fragment is used, the soft wire is passed between the driving wheel and the clamping wheel of the wire extrusion structure, the corresponding outer end of the extrusion head contacts the wire, the hook end of the fragment is squeezed into the wire, the stepper motor drives the driving wheel to rotate, and the soft wire passes through the driving wheel and the clamping wheel.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention has the advantage of supporting the wire passing through the driving wheel and the pressing wheel by arranging the driving wheel, the groove A, the groove B, the extrusion head, the movable block, the fixed block, the telescopic member and the spring, so that the wire can pass through continuously, and solves the problem that the wire may slip after the driving wheel and the pressing wheel are worn, and the problem that the ejected wire is not continuous.

[0024] 2. The present invention has the advantage of using the hook end of the broken piece to squeeze the soft wire into the wire by arranging the broken piece, the inserting strip, the fixing strip, the slot, the groove C, the spring piece and the inclined surface, so that the soft wire is not easy to slip when passing between the worn driving wheel and the clamping wheel.

[0025] 3. The present invention has the advantage of enhancing the heat dissipation at the driving wheel by arranging the upright column, the sleeve, the heat conducting sheet, the connecting rod and the limit block. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the extrusion structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the extrusion structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving wheel and the clamping wheel of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional connection structure of the driving wheel of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the driving wheel of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion assembly of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the fragment connection structure of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fixing bar of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.10 For the present invention Fig. 9 A magnified schematic diagram of point A;

[0036] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the heat dissipation component of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the heat dissipation component of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 100, stepper motor; 200, wire extrusion structure; 300, nozzle; 400, heating block; 500, heat sink; 600, fan;

[0039] 201, connecting frame; 202, driving wheel; 203, inner tube; 204, connecting block; 205, extrusion assembly; 206, heat dissipation assembly;

[0040] 2021, groove A; 2022, groove B;

[0041] 2051, extrusion head; 2052, movable block; 2053, fixed block; 2054, telescopic member; 2055, spring; 2056, broken piece; 2057, insert strip; 2058, fixed strip; 2059, slot; 20510, groove C; 20511, spring piece; 20512, inclined surface;

[0042] 2061, column; 2062, sleeve; 2063, heat conducting sheet; 2064, connecting rod; 2065, limit block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] See also Figures 1 to 7An embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a wire extrusion mechanism for gradient material 3D printing and equipment having the same. The 3D printer includes a three-axis drive mechanism, a gantry, a material rack, a base and a control module, etc., and also includes a plurality of stepper motors 100 for the 3D printer. The stepper motor 100 is connected to the X-axis of the 3D printer through a mounting frame, and the mounting frame slides along the X-axis of the 3D printer through the X-axis drive module. The stepper motor 100 is selected and used by the technicians in this field according to the actual situation; a wire extrusion structure 200 is provided on the stepper motor 100, and a heating block is provided at the discharge end of the wire extrusion structure 200. 400, a nozzle 300 is provided on the heating block 400, a throat connected to the heating block 400 is communicated with the nozzle 300, the throat is connected to the discharge port of the wire extrusion structure 200, the heating block 400 contains a heating resistor, and the heat is transferred to the nozzle 300; a cooling mechanism is provided at the nozzle 300, so that the material sprayed from the nozzle 300 is cooled and formed; a heat sink 500 is provided on the wire extrusion structure 200, and a fan 600 is provided on the heat sink 500, and the fan 600 includes a shell, fan blades and a motor. The fan 600 is selected and used by the technicians in this profession according to the actual situation, and the fan 600 is used for heat dissipation.

[0045] The wire extrusion structure 200 includes a connecting frame 201 and a driving wheel 202. The connecting frame 201 is fixedly connected to the frame on the transmission side of the stepper motor 100. The clamping shell of the wire extrusion structure 200 is rotatably connected to the connecting frame 201. A torsion spring is provided on the rotating shaft that rotatably connects the clamping shell and the connecting frame 201. The elastic coefficient of the torsion spring is selected and used by the technical personnel in this profession according to actual conditions. A clamping wheel is rotatably provided on the clamping shell. The driving wheel 202 is sleeved on the transmission shaft of the stepper motor 100. The transmission shaft of the stepper motor 100 extends into the wire extrusion structure 200. The driving wheel 202 corresponds to the clamping wheel in the wire extrusion structure 200. The clamping wheel and the driving wheel 202 cooperate to extrude and convey the wire. The wire end is inserted from the wire barrel of the wire extrusion structure 200, and the wire is passed between the driving wheel 202 and the clamping wheel of the wire extrusion structure 200. The wire is squeezed through the wire grooves of the driving wheel 202 and the clamping wheel. The stepper motor 100 drives the driving wheel 202 to rotate. As the driving wheel 202 rotates, the wire passes between the driving wheel 202 and the clamping wheel.

[0046] A plurality of extrusion assemblies 205 are arranged in a circular array at the wire groove of the driving wheel 202; the extrusion assembly 205 includes an extrusion head 2051 and a fixed block 2053, the extrusion head 2051 is inserted into the groove A2021 and the groove B2022 opened on the driving wheel 202, the two sides of the outer end of the extrusion head 2051 are arranged in an arc shape, the fixed block 2053 is fixedly connected to the driving wheel 202, the fixed block 2053 is arranged at the inner end of the groove B2022, a telescopic member 2054 is arranged between the fixed block 2053 and the extrusion head 2051, the telescopic member 2054 includes a bushing and a guide shaft, a spring 2055 is sleeved on the telescopic member 2054, and the elastic coefficient of the spring 2055 is selected by the technicians in this profession according to actual conditions. A groove is provided at the inner end of the extrusion head 2051, and the guide shaft end of the telescopic member 2054 and one end of the spring 2055 are arranged in the groove, and the guide shaft end of the telescopic member 2054 and one end of the spring 2055 are fixedly connected to the top wall in the groove, and the bushing end of the telescopic member 2054 and the other end of the spring 2055 are fixedly connected to the fixed block 2053. When the extrusion head 2051 is extruded, the groove at the inner end of the extrusion head 2051 provides space for the telescopic member 2054 to retract, so that the extrusion head 2051 has a larger range of motion within the limited space of the groove A2021 and the groove B2022. Movable blocks 2052 are fixed on both sides of the inner end of the extrusion head 2051, and the groove A2021 is connected to the groove B2022. The length of the groove A2021 is greater than the length of the groove B2022. The outer ends of the two movable blocks 2052 are respectively slidably matched with the two side walls of the groove B2022. The movable block 2052 moves in the groove A2021, and the movable block 2052 will not be separated from the groove A2021, so that the extrusion head 2051 will not be separated from the driving wheel 202; the spring 2055 is always in a compressed state, and cooperates with the movable block 2052. The spring 2055 in the compressed state always provides a force to resist the extrusion head 2051, and there is a corresponding force when the extrusion head 2051 resists the wire. After the extrusion head 2051 contacts the wire, the wire will press the extrusion head 2051 in order to pass between the driving wheel 202 and the clamping wheel. Correspondingly, the extrusion head 2051 is squeezed into the driving wheel 202, the telescopic member 2054 is shortened accordingly, and the spring 2055 is further compressed. The reaction force generated by the compressed spring 2055 resists the wire.

[0047] The present invention has the advantage of supporting the wire passing through the driving wheel 202 and the pressure wheel by arranging a driving wheel 202, a groove A2021, a groove B2022, an extrusion head 2051, a movable block 2052, a fixed block 2053, a telescopic member 2054 and a spring 2055, so as to allow the wire to pass through continuously. This solves the problem that the wire may slip after the driving wheel 202 and the pressure wheel are worn, and the problem that the ejected wire is not continuous.

[0048] See also Figures 3 to 10The present invention provides an embodiment of a wire extrusion mechanism for gradient material 3D printing, which is used for conveying soft wires. The extrusion assembly 205 also includes a broken piece 2056, which is in the shape of a hook. The hook end of the broken piece 2056 in the shape of a hook can hook the soft wire when extruding the soft wire, so that the soft wire is not easy to slip; a plurality of fixing strips 2058 are provided at the outer end of the extrusion head 2051, and the slots 2059 provided on the plurality of fixing strips 2058 are respectively inserted and matched with the insertion strips 2057 fixed at the inner ends of the plurality of broken pieces 2056, and the slots 2059 are respectively inserted and matched with the insertion strips 2057 fixed at the inner ends of the plurality of broken pieces 2056. The inner end of the slot 2059 is closed, the cross section of the inserting strip 2057 is trapezoidal, and the inserting strip 2057 is adapted to the slot 2059. After the trapezoidal inserting strip 2057 is inserted into the slot 2059, it will not be separated from the slot 2059 in other directions except the insertion direction; a groove C20510 is formed at the beginning of the inner bottom wall of the slot 2059, and a spring piece 20511 is arranged in the groove C20510. The spring piece 20511 is arc-shaped, and the inner end of the spring piece 20511 is fixed in the groove C20510, and the outer end of the spring piece 20511 is abutted and matched with the inserting strip 2057. The top of the inner end of the slot 2059 is set as an inclined surface 20512. When the spring piece 20511 is squeezed by the inserted inserting strip 2057, the outer end of the spring piece 20511 has enough space to be squeezed into the slot 2059 along the inclined surface 20512. When the inserting strip 2057 is pushed into the slot 2059, the position where the inserting strip 2057 is inserted into the slot 2059 first squeezes the spring piece 20511, and the arc-shaped spring piece 20511 is squeezed into the groove C20510 until the insertion end of the inserting strip 2057 contacts the inner end of the slot 2059 and the insertion of the inserting strip 2057 is stopped. At this time, the inserting strip 2057 no longer squeezes the spring piece 20511, and the spring piece 20511 rebounds, and the outer end of the spring piece 20511 presses against the inserting strip 2057, thereby positioning the inserting strip 2057 in the slot 2059. The spring piece 20511 can be installed according to actual conditions.

[0049] The present invention has the advantage of using the hook end of the broken piece 2056 to squeeze the soft wire into the wire by arranging the broken piece 2056, the inserting strip 2057, the fixing strip 2058, the slot 2059, the groove C20510, the spring piece 20511 and the inclined surface 20512, so that the soft wire is not easy to slip when passing between the worn driving wheel 202 and the clamping wheel.

[0050] See also Figure 5 , Fig.11 and Fig.12, an embodiment of the present invention provides: a gradient material 3D printing device of a wire extrusion mechanism, wherein an inner tube 203 is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of a driving wheel 202 through a plurality of connecting blocks 204 distributed in a ring array, the inner tube 203 is sleeved on the transmission shaft of a stepping motor 100, and the inner tube 203 drives the driving wheel 202 to rotate as the transmission shaft rotates, and a cavity is arranged between the inner tube 203 and the driving wheel 202, which is conducive to gas circulation and heat dissipation; the outer ring wall of the outer end of the inner tube 203 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation components 206 in a ring array The heat dissipation component 206 includes a column 2061, which is fixed to the outer wall of the inner tube 203. A connecting rod 2064 is fixed on the column 2061. A sleeve 2062 is sleeved on the connecting rod 2064. A limit block 2065 is fixed on the outer end of the connecting rod 2064. The limit block 2065 is limited by the sleeve 2062. A heat conductive sheet 2063 is fixed on the sleeve 2062. The heat conductive sheet 2063 is wavy. The wavy structure makes the heat exchange area of ​​the heat conductive sheet 2063 larger and the heat conduction effect better. As the inner tube 203 and the driving wheel 202 rotate, the plurality of uprights 2061, the connecting rod 2064 and the limit block 2065 make circular motions accordingly. Since the sleeve 2062 is rotatable relative to the connecting rod 2064, under the action of the gravity of the heat conductive sheet 2063, during the circular motions of the plurality of connecting rods 2064, the heat conductive sheet 2063 tends to face downward due to gravity, and the position of the heat conductive sheet 2063 relative to the inner cavity wall of the driving wheel 202 changes all the time. The distance between the inner cavity wall of the driving wheel 202 and the heat conductive sheet 2063 changes as the driving wheel 202 rotates. The heat conductive sheet 2063 can cooperate with different positions of the inner cavity of the driving wheel 202 to dissipate heat, and during the rotation of the driving wheel 202, the heat conductive sheet 2063 tends to face downward due to gravity and will swing slightly, which helps to dissipate heat in conjunction with the wind blown by the fan 600.

[0051] The present invention has the advantage of enhancing the heat dissipation at the driving wheel 202 by arranging the column 2061 , the sleeve 2062 , the heat conducting sheet 2063 , the connecting rod 2064 and the limiting block 2065 .

[0052] See also Figures 1 to 12 , gradient material 3D printing process:

[0053] S1. Multiple wire coils for 3D printing are installed one by one on the consumables rack of the 3D printer. The technician pulls out the wires from the wire coils by hand and inserts the wire ends into the wire extrusion structure 200.

[0054] S2, the wire end is inserted from the wire barrel of the wire extrusion structure 200, and the wire is inserted between the driving wheel 202 and the pressing wheel of the wire extrusion structure 200. The wire is squeezed through the wire grooves of the driving wheel 202 and the pressing wheel, and the corresponding outer end of the extrusion head 2051 contacts the wire, and the extrusion head 2051 is squeezed into the driving wheel 202. The telescopic member 2054 is shortened accordingly, and the spring 2055 is further compressed. The reaction force generated by the compressed spring 2055 resists the wire; the stepper motor 100 drives the driving wheel 202 to rotate. As the driving wheel 202 rotates, the wire passes between the driving wheel 202 and the pressing wheel, and multiple extrusion heads 2051 sequentially resist the wire;

[0055] S3. The X / Y / Z axis drive mechanism of the 3D printer works. The wire is heated by the heating block 400 and ejected from the nozzle 300 in a molten state. To ensure continuity, some waste is ejected first, and then the product is printed on the workbench of the 3D printer in conjunction with the three-axis drive of the 3D printer.

[0056] Wire with Shore A hardness (20-60) is defined as soft wire;

[0057] Used for conveying soft wires;

[0058] S2.1. If the wire material passing through is soft, a driving wheel 202 equipped with a broken piece 2056 is used. The soft wire material is passed between the driving wheel 202 and the clamping wheel of the wire extrusion structure 200. The outer end of the corresponding extrusion head 2051 contacts the wire material, and the hook end of the broken piece 2056 squeezes into the wire material. The stepper motor 100 drives the driving wheel 202 to rotate, and the soft wire material passes through the driving wheel 202 and the clamping wheel.

[0059] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A wire extrusion mechanism for gradient material 3D printing, characterized in that: The invention comprises a wire extrusion structure (200), wherein the wire extrusion structure (200) comprises a connecting frame (201) and a driving wheel (202), wherein the connecting frame (201) is connected to a frame on the transmission side of a stepping motor (100), the driving wheel (202) is sleeved on the transmission shaft of the stepping motor (100), and a plurality of extrusion components (205) are arranged at the wire groove of the driving wheel (202); the extrusion component (205) comprises an extrusion head (2 The extrusion head (2051) is provided with a fixing block (2053), the extrusion head (2051) is inserted into a groove A (2021) and a groove B (2022) provided on the driving wheel (202), the fixing block (2053) is connected to the driving wheel (202), a telescopic member (2054) is provided between the fixing block (2053) and the extrusion head (2051), and a spring (2055) is sleeved on the telescopic member (2054).

2. The wire extrusion mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Movable blocks (2052) are respectively provided on both sides of the inner end of the extrusion head (2051), and the outer ends of the two movable blocks (2052) are respectively slidably matched with the two side walls of the groove B (2022).

3. The wire extrusion mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A groove is provided at the inner end of the extrusion head (2051), and the end of the guide shaft of the telescopic member (2054) and one end of the spring (2055) are arranged in the groove.

4. The wire extrusion mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extrusion assembly (205) further comprises a broken piece (2056), a plurality of fixing strips (2058) are provided at the outer end of the extrusion head (2051), the slots (2059) provided on the plurality of fixing strips (2058) are respectively inserted and matched with the insertion strips (2057) fixed at the inner ends of the plurality of broken pieces (2056), a groove C (20510) is provided at the opening of the inner bottom wall of the slot (2059), a spring piece (20511) is provided in the groove C (20510), the inner end of the spring piece (20511) is fixed in the groove C (20510), and the outer end of the spring piece (20511) is abutted and matched with the insertion strip (2057).

5. The wire extrusion mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the inner end of the slot (2059) is configured as an inclined surface (20512).

6. The wire extrusion mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The broken piece (2056) is in the shape of a hook.

7. A gradient material 3D printing device having a wire extrusion mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of stepper motors (100) for a 3D printer, wherein a wire extrusion structure (200) is provided on the stepper motor (100), a heating block (400) is provided at the discharge end of the wire extrusion structure (200), a nozzle (300) is provided on the heating block (400), a heat sink (500) is provided on the wire extrusion structure (200), and a fan (600) is provided on the heat sink (500).

8. The 3D printing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: An inner tube (203) is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the driving wheel (202) via a plurality of connecting blocks (204), and a plurality of heat dissipation components (206) are arranged on the outer wall of the outer end of the inner tube (203); The heat dissipation component (206) comprises a column (2061), wherein the column (2061) is arranged on the outer wall of the inner tube (203), a connecting rod (2064) is provided on the column (2061), a sleeve (2062) is sleeved on the connecting rod (2064), a limit block (2065) is provided at the outer end of the connecting rod (2064), and a heat conducting plate (2063) is provided on the sleeve (2062).

9. The 3D printing equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heat conducting sheet (2063) is wavy in shape.

10. A gradient material 3D printing process using the equipment according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: S1. Multiple wire coils for 3D printing are installed one by one on the consumables rack of the 3D printer. The technician pulls out the wires from the wire coils by hand and inserts the ends of the wires into the wire extrusion structure (200); S2, the wire end is inserted from the wire barrel of the wire extrusion structure (200), the wire is passed between the driving wheel (202) and the pressing wheel of the wire extrusion structure (200), the wire passes through the wire grooves of the driving wheel (202) and the pressing wheel and is squeezed, the corresponding outer end of the extrusion head (2051) contacts the wire, the extrusion head (2051) is squeezed into the driving wheel (202), the telescopic member (2054) is shortened accordingly, the spring (2055) is further compressed, and the reaction force generated by the compressed spring (2055) is pressed against the wire; the stepping motor (100) drives the driving wheel (202) to rotate, and as the driving wheel (202) rotates, the wire passes between the driving wheel (202) and the pressing wheel, and the multiple extrusion heads (2051) press against the wire in sequence; S3, the X / Y / Z axis drive mechanism of the 3D printer works, the wire is heated by the heating block (400) and ejected from the nozzle (300) in a molten state, to ensure continuity, part of the waste is ejected first, and then the product is printed on the workbench of the 3D printer in conjunction with the three-axis drive of the 3D printer; Preferably, S2.1, if the wire material passing through is soft, a driving wheel (202) equipped with a fragment (2056) is used, and the soft wire material is passed between the driving wheel (202) and the clamping wheel of the wire extrusion structure (200), and the outer end of the corresponding extrusion head (2051) contacts the wire material, and the hook end of the fragment (2056) squeezes into the wire material, and the stepper motor (100) drives the driving wheel (202) to rotate, and the soft wire material passes through the driving wheel (202) and the clamping wheel.

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