Multi-stage collision energy absorption device and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a multi-stage collision energy absorption device and a vehicle, the multi-stage collision energy absorption device comprises two front lengthened beams, the two front lengthened beams are oppositely arranged in a spaced mode, and one ends of the two front lengthened beams are connected with a vehicle frame; the two collision energy absorption assemblies are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the two front lengthened beams, each collision energy absorption assembly comprises a first buffering piece, a second buffering piece and a first elastic piece, the first buffering piece is connected with the first end of the second buffering piece in an inserted mode, and the first buffering piece can slide relative to the second buffering piece; the first elastic piece is arranged between the first buffering piece and the second buffering piece, one end of the first elastic piece abuts against the first buffering piece, the other end of the first elastic piece abuts against the second buffering piece, and the second buffering piece is connected with the end, away from the frame, of the front lengthened beam; the two ends of the front lower protection piece are connected with the first ends of the two first buffering pieces. The buffering and energy absorbing effects can be achieved, and therefore the safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to a multi-stage collision energy absorption device and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] During the driving process, collision accidents are very likely to occur. At present, the front lower guard for commercial vehicles is a mechanical structural part formed by traditional sheet metal, and the front lower guard is connected to the frame by bolts. The main function of the front lower guard is to prevent the oncoming vehicle from drilling into the bottom of the commercial vehicle during a vehicle collision. Its buffering and energy absorption functions are very small, so the safety is not high.

[0003] Therefore, a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device and a vehicle are needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage collision energy absorption device and a vehicle, which can play a role of buffering and energy absorption, thereby improving safety.

[0005] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] Multi-stage collision energy absorption device, including:

[0007] Front extension beams, two of which are arranged at a relative interval, and one end of each of the two front extension beams is connected to the vehicle frame;

[0008] Two groups of collision energy absorbing components are arranged one by one corresponding to the two front extension beams, the collision energy absorbing components include a first buffer, a second buffer and a first elastic component, the first buffer is plugged with the first end of the second buffer, and the first buffer can slide relative to the second buffer, the first elastic component is arranged between the first buffer and the second buffer, one end of the first elastic component abuts against the first buffer, the other end of the first elastic component abuts against the second buffer, and the second buffer is connected to the end of the front extension beam away from the frame;

[0009] A front lower protection member, wherein two ends of the front lower protection member are connected to the first ends of the two first buffer members.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first buffer member is provided with a mounting slot, the second buffer member is slidably inserted into the mounting slot, and the first elastic member is located in the mounting slot.

[0011] In some embodiments, the groove wall surface of the installation slot has a first friction surface, the outer peripheral surface of the second buffer has a second friction surface, and the first friction surface is in contact with the second friction surface.

[0012] In some embodiments, a plurality of first abutment portions are arranged at intervals on the wall surface of the installation slot along the extension direction of the installation slot, and a plurality of second abutment portions are arranged at intervals on the second buffer member along the extension direction of the second buffer member. The plurality of first abutment portions and the plurality of second abutment portions are arranged alternately, and when the first elastic member is compressed to a set distance, the first abutment portion can abut against the second abutment portion.

[0013] In some embodiments, a first honeycomb buffer portion is fixedly provided at the first end of the first buffer member, and a first energy absorbing portion is fixedly provided at one end of the first honeycomb buffer portion away from the first buffer member, and the honeycomb aperture of the first honeycomb buffer portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the first buffer member, and the first energy absorbing portion is connected to the front lower protective member.

[0014] In some embodiments, one end of the first buffer component where the installation slot is opened has a first convex ring portion and a second convex ring portion spaced apart from each other, and the first convex ring portion, the second convex ring portion and the first buffer component are arranged to form an installation ring groove, and a second honeycomb buffer portion is arranged in the installation ring groove, and the honeycomb aperture of the second honeycomb buffer portion gradually decreases along the direction from the second convex ring portion to the first convex ring portion.

[0015] In some embodiments, a third honeycomb buffer portion is fixedly provided at the first end of the second buffer member, and a second energy absorption portion is fixedly provided at one end of the third honeycomb buffer portion away from the second buffer member. The honeycomb pore size of the third honeycomb buffer portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the second buffer member, and the second energy absorption portion abuts against the first elastic member.

[0016] In some embodiments, a fourth honeycomb buffer portion is fixedly provided at the second end of the second buffer member, a third energy absorbing portion is fixedly provided at one end of the fourth honeycomb buffer portion away from the second buffer member, and the honeycomb aperture of the fourth honeycomb buffer portion gradually decreases in the direction toward the first buffer member, and the third energy absorbing portion is connected to the front extension beam.

[0017] In some embodiments, a second elastic member is disposed between the first buffer member and the second end of the second buffer member, one end of the second elastic member abuts against the second end of the second buffer member, and the other end of the second elastic member abuts against the first buffer member.

[0018] A vehicle comprises a vehicle body and the multi-stage collision energy absorbing device as described above, wherein the multi-stage collision energy absorbing device is arranged on the vehicle body.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] The present invention provides a multi-stage collision energy absorption device, wherein one end of the front extension beam is connected to the vehicle frame, and the front extension beam is connected to the front lower guard through a collision energy absorption assembly. The collision energy absorption assembly includes a first buffer, a second buffer and a first elastic member, and the first elastic member is located between the first buffer and the second buffer. When the lower guard is hit, the first buffer moves toward the second buffer, thereby squeezing the first elastic member. The first elastic member is compressed by force, thereby absorbing the collision impact, playing a buffering role, reducing the impact and damage caused by the collision, and thus improving safety.

[0021] A vehicle provided by the present invention comprises a vehicle body and the multi-stage collision energy absorbing device as described above, which can play a role of buffering and energy absorption, thereby improving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage collision energy absorption device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing component in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of a collision energy absorbing component in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage collision energy absorption device of the present invention in a collision state;

[0028] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention in a collision state;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing component in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention in a collision state;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of a collision energy absorbing component in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention in a collision state;

[0031] Fig. 9It is a cross-sectional view of a first buffer member in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of a second buffer member in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of a second buffer member in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.12 It is a cross-sectional view of a honeycomb buffer in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.13 It is another cross-sectional view of a honeycomb buffer in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of a honeycomb monomer of a honeycomb buffer in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.15 It is another schematic diagram of a honeycomb monomer of a honeycomb buffer member in a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure:

[0039] 1. Vehicle frame; 2. Front extension beam; 3. Front lower protection member; 4. Collision energy absorbing assembly; 41. First buffer member; 411. First abutting portion; 412. First honeycomb buffer member; 413. First energy absorbing portion; 414. First convex ring portion; 415. Second convex ring portion; 416. Second honeycomb buffer member; 42. Second buffer member; 421. Second abutting portion; 422. Third honeycomb buffer member; 423. Second energy absorbing portion; 424. Fourth honeycomb buffer member; 425. Third energy absorbing portion; 5. First elastic member; 6. Second elastic member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Before any embodiments of the application are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the application is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the above drawings.

[0041] In this application, the terms "comprises", "includes", "has" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of more restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device that includes the element.

[0042] In the present application, the terms "connect", "combine", "couple", and "install" may refer to direct connection, combination, coupling, or installation, or indirect connection, combination, coupling, or installation. For example, direct connection refers to two parts or components being connected together without the need for an intermediate piece, and indirect connection refers to two parts or components being connected to at least one intermediate piece respectively, and the two parts or components being connected via the intermediate piece. In addition, "connect" and "couple" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings, and may include electrical connections or couplings.

[0043] In this application, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the function performed by a component can be performed by one component, multiple components, one part, or multiple parts. Similarly, the function performed by a part can also be performed by one part, one component, or a combination of multiple parts.

[0044] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back" and other directional words are described based on the orientation and positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, in the context, it is also necessary to understand that when it is mentioned that an element is connected to another element "upper" or "lower", it can not only be directly connected to another element "upper" or "lower", but also indirectly connected to another element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element. It should also be understood that directional words such as upper side, lower side, left side, right side, front side, back side, etc. not only represent the positive orientation, but can also be understood as the lateral orientation. For example, the bottom can include directly below, lower left, lower right, lower front, and lower back, etc.

[0045] During the driving process, in order to improve the safety of the vehicle, the front lower protection part can play a role in buffering and absorbing energy after the vehicle is hit. Figure 1-Figure 15 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device. The multi-stage collision energy absorbing device includes a front extension beam 2, a collision energy absorbing assembly 4 and a front lower protection member 3.

[0046] The two front extension beams 2 are arranged at a relative interval, and one end of the two front extension beams 2 is connected to the vehicle frame 1. Two groups of collision energy absorption components 4 are arranged one by one with the two front extension beams 2. The collision energy absorption components 4 include a first buffer 41, a second buffer 42 and a first elastic component 5. The first buffer 41 is plugged with the first end of the second buffer 42, and the first buffer 41 can slide relative to the second buffer 42. The first elastic component 5 is arranged between the first buffer 41 and the second buffer 42. One end of the first elastic component 5 abuts against the first buffer 41, and the other end of the first elastic component 5 abuts against the second buffer 42. The second buffer 42 is connected to one end of the front extension beam 2 away from the vehicle frame 1. Both ends of the front lower protective component 3 are connected to the first ends of the two first buffers 41.

[0047] When the lower protection member 3 is hit, the first buffer member 41 moves toward the second buffer member 42, thereby squeezing the first elastic member 5. The first elastic member 5 is compressed by force, thereby absorbing the impact of the collision, playing a buffering role, reducing the impact and damage caused by the collision, thereby improving safety.

[0048] In some embodiments, the first buffer member 41 is provided with an installation slot, the second buffer member 42 is slidably inserted in the installation slot, and the first elastic member 5 is located in the installation slot. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first elastic member 5 is a compression spring. The arrangement of the elastic member can play the role of energy absorption and buffering. After the front lower protective member 3 is impacted, the movement of the first buffer member 41 relative to the second buffer member 42 can be guided by providing the installation slot on the first buffer member 41. And through the above arrangement, the installation of the first elastic member 5 is facilitated.

[0049] In some embodiments, a second elastic member 6 is provided between the second ends of the first buffer member 41 and the second buffer member 42, one end of the second elastic member 6 abuts against the second end of the second buffer member 42, and the other end of the second elastic member 6 abuts against the first buffer member 41. Specifically, the second elastic member 6 is also a compression spring. When the lower protective member 3 is impacted, the first buffer member 41 moves relative to the second buffer member 42, thereby synchronously squeezing the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6, and the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 are squeezed and deformed, playing a role in buffering and energy absorption. By arranging the second elastic member 6, the buffering and energy absorption effects can be further improved.

[0050] In some embodiments, the slot wall of the installation slot has a first friction surface, the outer peripheral surface of the second buffer 42 has a second friction surface, and the first friction surface fits the second friction surface. The first friction surface and the second friction surface fit each other. After the front lower guard 3 is impacted, during the movement of the first buffer 41 relative to the second buffer 42, the first friction surface moves relative to the second friction surface to generate friction resistance, which can further play a role in buffering and energy absorption.

[0051] In some embodiments, a plurality of first abutting portions 411 are arranged at intervals on the wall surface of the installation slot along the extension direction of the installation slot, and a plurality of second abutting portions 421 are arranged at intervals on the second buffer member 42 along the extension direction of the second buffer member 42. The plurality of first abutting portions 411 and the plurality of second abutting portions 421 are arranged alternately, and when the first elastic member 5 is compressed to a set distance, the first abutting portion 411 can abut against the second abutting portion 421. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first abutting portion 411 and the second abutting portion 421 are both barbed. And the first abutting portion 411 and the second abutting portion 421 can fit each other. After the front lower protective member 3 is impacted, first, after the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 are compressed to a set distance, the first abutting portion 411 and the second abutting portion 421 abut to prevent the first buffer member 41 from continuing to move, until the first abutting portion 411 and the second abutting portion 421 are squeezed, deformed or even broken. In the above manner, it can further play a role in buffering and energy absorption.

[0052] In some embodiments, a first honeycomb buffer portion 412 is fixedly provided at the first end of the first buffer member 41, and a first energy absorbing portion 413 is fixedly provided at one end of the first honeycomb buffer portion 412 away from the first buffer member 41. The honeycomb aperture of the first honeycomb buffer portion 412 gradually decreases in the direction away from the first buffer member 41, and the first energy absorbing portion 413 is connected to the front lower protective member 3. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first energy absorbing portion 413 is made of a material with a relatively small elastic modulus E, which can be a magnesium-aluminum alloy, etc. The first energy absorbing portion 413 has a strong plastic deformation energy absorption capacity, which further plays the role of energy absorption and buffering. When the first honeycomb buffer portion 412 begins to deform under force, the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 have been completely compressed to the limit, and the first honeycomb buffer portion 412 gradually deforms, and energy is absorbed through the deformation of the first honeycomb buffer portion 412. The larger the honeycomb volume of the first honeycomb buffer portion 412, the smaller its rigidity, and the easier it is to deform during a collision and initially absorb energy. As the honeycombs of the first honeycomb buffer portion 412 become smaller and the honeycomb density increases, the rigidity increases, and it is less likely to deform during a collision, thereby continuously improving its buffering and energy absorption capabilities.

[0053] In some embodiments, one end of the first buffer 41 having the installation slot has a first convex ring portion 414 and a second convex ring portion 415 arranged at intervals, and the first convex ring portion 414, the second convex ring portion 415 and the first buffer 41 are surrounded to form an installation ring groove, and a second honeycomb buffer portion 416 is arranged in the installation ring groove, and the honeycomb aperture of the second honeycomb buffer portion 416 gradually decreases along the direction from the second convex ring portion 415 to the first convex ring portion 414. When the second convex ring portion 415 abuts against the second end of the second buffer 42, the second convex ring portion 415 is deformed, so that the second honeycomb buffer portion 416 is deformed under force. At this time, the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 have been completely compressed to the limit, and the second honeycomb buffer portion 416 gradually deforms, and the second honeycomb buffer portion 416 and the second convex ring portion 415 are deformed to absorb energy. As the honeycombs of the second honeycomb buffer portion 416 are smaller and the honeycomb density is greater, the stiffness is greater, and it is less likely to deform during a collision, and the ability to buffer and absorb energy can be continuously improved.

[0054] In some embodiments, a third honeycomb buffer portion 422 is fixedly provided at the first end of the second buffer member 42, and a second energy absorbing portion 423 is fixedly provided at one end of the third honeycomb buffer portion 422 away from the second buffer member 42. In the direction away from the second buffer member 42, the honeycomb aperture of the third honeycomb buffer portion 422 gradually decreases, and the second energy absorbing portion 423 abuts against the first elastic member 5. When the first elastic member 5 is fully compressed, the second energy absorbing portion 423 abuts against the bottom of the slot of the installation slot, and the third honeycomb buffer portion 422 begins to deform under force, and energy is absorbed through the deformation of the third honeycomb buffer portion 422. As the honeycombs of the third honeycomb buffer portion 422 become smaller and the honeycomb density increases, the stiffness increases, and it is less likely to deform during a collision, and the ability to buffer and absorb energy can be continuously improved.

[0055] In some embodiments, a fourth honeycomb buffer portion 424 is fixedly provided at the second end of the second buffer member 42, and a third energy absorbing portion 425 is fixedly provided at one end of the fourth honeycomb buffer portion 424 away from the second buffer member 42. The honeycomb aperture of the fourth honeycomb buffer portion 424 gradually decreases in the direction toward the first buffer member 41, and the third energy absorbing portion 425 is connected to the front extension beam 2. When the second convex ring portion 415 of the first buffer member 41 abuts against the second end of the second buffer member 42, the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 have been completely compressed to the limit, and the fourth honeycomb buffer portion 424 gradually deforms, and energy is absorbed by the deformation of the fourth honeycomb buffer portion 424. As the honeycombs of the fourth honeycomb buffer portion 424 become smaller and the honeycomb density increases, the rigidity increases, and it is less likely to deform during a collision, and the ability to buffer and absorb energy can be continuously improved.

[0056] The honeycomb buffer part at each position may have a honeycomb structure inside which may be a polygonal honeycomb structure or a circular honeycomb structure. There is no specific requirement for the specific shape inside, but the layered sizes are different to achieve gradual layered stiffness. The smaller the honeycomb volume, the greater its stiffness, and the larger the honeycomb volume, the smaller its stiffness. The gradient honeycomb buffer part is composed of multiple layers of honeycomb monomers, and the density and volume of each layer of honeycomb monomers are different. The smaller the volume of the honeycomb monomers, the greater the stiffness of the honeycomb monomers, and the larger the volume of the honeycomb monomers, the smaller the stiffness of the honeycomb monomers. In this way, multiple layers of honeycombs with different densities and different honeycomb monomer volumes are combined together to form a gradient stiffness honeycomb energy-absorbing part.

[0057] In some embodiments, the honeycomb cell of the gradient honeycomb buffer may be provided with reinforcing ribs, which mainly play the role of appropriately enhancing the rigidity of the cell; the honeycomb structure is less rigid than the solid structure, and the instantaneous impact force during the collision is small, causing less damage to the occupants and the vehicle. The arrangement form and number of the reinforcing ribs inside the honeycomb cell are not specifically limited and can be set according to the collision force analysis and topological results.

[0058] The working principle of this multi-stage collision energy absorption device is as follows:

[0059] When the collision initially begins, the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 will be compressed due to the displacement caused by the collision. The first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 will be deformed due to the compression, which can resist the primary collision and perform a primary buffering for the primary collision. This primary buffering is a reversible process. If the primary collision is not serious, there is no need to repair the multi-stage collision energy absorption device after the collision.

[0060] During the primary collision, in addition to the elastic deformation of the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 playing the role of energy absorption and buffering, the first friction surface and the second friction surface are in contact with each other. Since the friction coefficient between the first friction surface and the second friction surface is large, they rub against each other to absorb energy and play the role of buffering and absorbing energy.

[0061] Secondary energy absorption and buffering stage: The main components are the first abutting portion 411 and the second abutting portion 421. When a certain relative displacement occurs during the collision, the first abutting portion 411 and the second abutting portion 421 come into contact. As the collision displacement gradually increases, the first abutting portion 411 and the second abutting portion 421 collide and break, and secondary buffering is performed through metal fracture energy absorption.

[0062] The third energy absorption and buffering stage: the main functional elements are the first honeycomb buffer section 412 , the second honeycomb buffer section 416 , the third honeycomb buffer section 422 and the fourth honeycomb buffer section 424 .

[0063] When the collision further causes relative displacement, the first abutment portion 411 and the second abutment portion 421 collide and produce metal fracture. At this time, the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 6 have been completely compressed to the limit, and the first honeycomb buffer portion 412, the second honeycomb buffer portion 416, the third honeycomb buffer portion 422 and the fourth honeycomb buffer portion 424 gradually deform, and the deformation and energy absorption of the honeycomb structure produce a three-level energy absorption and buffering effect.

[0064] The fourth energy absorption and buffering stage: the main components that play a role are the first energy absorption part 413, the second energy absorption part 423, the third energy absorption part 425 and the second convex ring part 415.

[0065] When the collision further causes relative displacement, the first honeycomb buffer part 412, the second honeycomb buffer part 416, the third honeycomb buffer part 422 and the fourth honeycomb buffer part 424 complete the extrusion deformation. At this time, further collision displacement occurs, and the first energy absorbing part 413, the second energy absorbing part 423, the third energy absorbing part 425 and the second convex ring part 415 are deformed by collision. The above four parts are made of materials with relatively small elastic modulus E, which can be magnesium-aluminum alloy, etc., and have strong plastic deformation energy absorption capacity, playing the role of four-level energy absorption buffer. The elongation of aluminum is also much greater than that of steel, which reduces the serious damage caused by instantaneous fracture during the collision.

[0066] The present application also provides a vehicle, including a vehicle body and the above-mentioned multi-stage collision energy absorbing device, wherein the multi-stage collision energy absorbing device is arranged on the vehicle body and can play a role in buffering and energy absorption, thereby improving safety.

[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Multi-stage collision energy absorption device, characterized in that: include: A front extension beam (2), wherein two front extension beams (2) are arranged relatively spaced apart, and one end of the two front extension beams (2) is connected to the vehicle frame (1); Two groups of collision energy absorbing components (4) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the two front extension beams (2), the collision energy absorbing components (4) comprising a first buffer (41), a second buffer (42) and a first elastic component (5), the first buffer (41) and the first end of the second buffer (42) are plugged together, and the first buffer (41) can slide relative to the second buffer (42), the first elastic component (5) is arranged between the first buffer (41) and the second buffer (42), one end of the first elastic component (5) abuts against the first buffer (41), and the other end of the first elastic component (5) abuts against the second buffer (42), and the second buffer (42) is connected to the end of the front extension beam (2) away from the frame (1); A front lower protection member (3), wherein two ends of the front lower protection member (3) are connected to the first ends of the two first buffer members (41).

2. The multi-stage collision energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first buffer member (41) is provided with a mounting slot, the second buffer member (42) is slidably inserted in the mounting slot, and the first elastic member (5) is located in the mounting slot.

3. The multi-stage collision energy absorption device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The groove wall surface of the installation slot has a first friction surface, the outer peripheral surface of the second buffer (42) has a second friction surface, and the first friction surface is in contact with the second friction surface.

4. The multi-stage collision energy absorption device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of first abutment portions (411) are arranged at intervals on the wall surface of the installation slot along the extension direction of the installation slot, and a plurality of second abutment portions (421) are arranged at intervals on the second buffer member (42) along the extension direction of the second buffer member (42). The plurality of first abutment portions (411) and the plurality of second abutment portions (421) are arranged alternately, and when the first elastic member (5) is compressed to a set distance, the first abutment portion (411) can abut against the second abutment portion (421).

5. The multi-stage collision energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first honeycomb buffer portion (412) is fixedly provided at the first end of the first buffer member (41), and a first energy absorbing portion (413) is fixedly provided at one end of the first honeycomb buffer portion (412) away from the first buffer member (41), and the honeycomb aperture of the first honeycomb buffer portion (412) gradually decreases in a direction away from the first buffer member (41), and the first energy absorbing portion (413) is connected to the front lower protective member (3).

6. The multi-stage collision energy absorption device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first buffer member (41) has one end provided with the installation slot, and has a first convex ring portion (414) and a second convex ring portion (415) arranged at intervals. The first convex ring portion (414), the second convex ring portion (415) and the first buffer member (41) are arranged to form an installation ring groove. A second honeycomb buffer portion (416) is arranged in the installation ring groove. The honeycomb aperture of the second honeycomb buffer portion (416) gradually decreases in the direction from the second convex ring portion (415) toward the first convex ring portion (414).

7. The multi-stage collision energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third honeycomb buffer portion (422) is fixedly provided at the first end of the second buffer member (42), and a second energy absorbing portion (423) is fixedly provided at one end of the third honeycomb buffer portion (422) away from the second buffer member (42), and the honeycomb aperture of the third honeycomb buffer portion (422) gradually decreases in a direction away from the second buffer member (42), and the second energy absorbing portion (423) abuts against the first elastic member (5).

8. The multi-stage collision energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fourth honeycomb buffer portion (424) is fixedly provided at the second end of the second buffer member (42), and a third energy absorbing portion (425) is fixedly provided at one end of the fourth honeycomb buffer portion (424) away from the second buffer member (42), and the honeycomb aperture of the fourth honeycomb buffer portion (424) gradually decreases in a direction toward the first buffer member (41), and the third energy absorbing portion (425) is connected to the front extension beam (2).

9. The multi-stage collision energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second elastic member (6) is provided between the second ends of the first buffer member (41) and the second buffer member (42); one end of the second elastic member (6) abuts against the second end of the second buffer member (42), and the other end of the second elastic member (6) abuts against the first buffer member (41).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that It comprises a vehicle body and a multi-stage collision energy absorbing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the multi-stage collision energy absorbing device is arranged on the vehicle body.

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