Water body optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environment-friendly disasters in extensive water areas

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water optical buoys, in particular to a water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environment-friendly disasters in extensive water areas, which comprises a buoy body, a tower and an underwater long rod frame, one side of the buoy body is connected with an optical floating ball through a floater rope, and the underwater long rod frame is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the buoy body. Three groups of optical mounting frames with different lengths are mounted on the outer side of the underwater long rod frame at equal intervals, three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers are fixedly mounted at one ends of the three groups of optical mounting frames with different lengths respectively, and damping blades are fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the underwater long rod frame; the ocean optical buoy and the floating ball anchor system are matched for use, single-point or more-three-point anchoring is arranged, and different anchor system schemes are selected according to water depth differences, so that the posture of the buoy in water is more stable, the influence of waves and sea wind on measured data is reduced, the posture inclination angle change of the buoy is reduced to the maximum extent, and the measurement accuracy is improved. And high-precision water quality optical measurement is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water optical buoys, and in particular to a water optical buoy used for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in flooded waters. Background Art

[0002] Frequent pan-aquatic environmental disasters pose a huge threat to human society and natural ecosystems. In order to effectively monitor and warn of these disasters, an ocean optical buoy that can continuously, real-time and accurately obtain water environment information is needed. The ocean optical buoy is a customized, long-term unmanned, real-time online marine optical observation platform dedicated to continuous observation of the optical characteristics of the sea surface, seawater surface, true light layer and even the seabed. It has important application value in water color remote sensing on-site radiation calibration and data authenticity verification, marine scientific observation, offshore marine environment monitoring and marine military science. However, in actual use, the existing water optical buoys still have many defects. For example, the existing buoys generally adopt a disc shape, which has strong wave-following characteristics and is easily affected by wind and waves to swing sharply, resulting in distortion of optical measurement data. At the same time, its anchor system design is simple, and its stability is insufficient in deep sea or strong current environment, and it is easy to move or capsize. In addition, the traditional buoy has limited anti-corrosion and anti-biological attachment capabilities. After long-term deployment, the sensor is easily contaminated and the maintenance cost is high. For this reason, we propose a water optical buoy for pan-aquatic environmental disaster monitoring and early warning to solve the existing problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings existing in the prior art, such as: the existing buoys are generally disc-shaped, the disc-shaped buoys have strong wave-following properties, and are easily affected by wind and waves to swing greatly, resulting in distortion of optical measurement data; at the same time, its anchor system design is simple, and its stability is insufficient in deep sea or strong current environments, and it is easy to be displaced or capsized.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in a wide range of waters, comprising a buoy body, a tower and an underwater long rod frame, one side of the buoy body is connected to an optical float by a float rope, the underwater long rod frame is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the buoy body, three groups of optical mounting frames of different lengths are equidistantly mounted on the outside of the underwater long rod frame, and three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers are fixedly mounted on one end of the three groups of optical mounting frames of different lengths, and the outsides of the three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers are all wrapped with copper shells, three groups of electric cleaning brushes are rotatably mounted on the bottom ends of the three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers, and a damping blade is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the underwater long rod frame.

[0005] Preferably, the inner wall of the buoy body is filled with cement weights, an equipment compartment is opened inside the buoy body, a battery is installed inside the equipment compartment, a data acquisition module is fixedly installed on the inner wall on one side of the equipment compartment, and a power management module is fixedly installed on the inner wall on the other side of the equipment compartment.

[0006] Preferably, the data acquisition module has built-in GNSS module, satellite communication module, G communication module, attitude sensor, control and protection module, and serial port control module.

[0007] Preferably, four anti-lightning reflectors are fixedly installed on the outside of the tower, a solar panel is installed on the outside of the tower through a bracket, the tower is fixedly installed on the top of the buoy body, and a ring frame is fixedly installed on the top of the buoy body, an AIS collision avoider, a GNSS positioning directional antenna, an underwater hyperspectral radiometer and a lightning rod are equidistantly fixedly installed on the top of the ring frame, and an anchor light is fixedly installed at the top center of the tower, and an integrated meteorological station, a 5G antenna and a differential GPS antenna are equidistantly installed on the outside of the anchor light through vertical poles, and the integrated meteorological station, 5G antenna and differential GPS antenna are all fixedly installed on the top of the tower.

[0008] Preferably, a glass float is installed at the bottom of the optical float via a chain rope, an acoustic releaser is fixedly installed at the bottom of the glass float, and a counterweight is installed at the bottom of the acoustic releaser via a chain rope.

[0009] Preferably, the inner wall at the bottom of the buoy body is provided with four delivery wells, and the interiors of the four delivery wells are respectively installed with a temperature, salinity and depth measuring instrument, a water color three-element measuring instrument, an absorption attenuation measuring instrument and a backward scattering measuring instrument through a cage frame.

[0010] Preferably, a protective frame is fixedly installed on the outer side of the underwater long rod frame.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention adopts the combination of an ocean optical buoy and a floating ball anchor system, and sets a single point or multiple three-point anchoring. The three-point anchoring system can effectively limit the activity radius of the moored mark, reduce the influence of the anchor system on the attitude of the ocean optical buoy, and minimize the change of the buoy attitude inclination angle; different anchoring schemes are selected according to the difference in water depth, so that the attitude of the buoy in the water is more stable, the influence of waves and sea breeze on the measurement data is reduced, the change of the buoy attitude inclination angle is minimized, and high-precision water quality optical measurement is ensured; By setting up underwater hyperspectral radiometers at different depths underwater, layered measurement of the optical properties of water bodies can be achieved, providing more comprehensive data support for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters, and the upper and lower layers of radiometers are installed in a staggered manner to reduce the influence of each other's measurements; four damping blades are provided at the bottom of the underwater long rod frame to balance the effect of the floating current, reduce the shaking of the buoy, and improve the reliability of the monitoring data; under the action of the current, the upper part of the underwater long rod frame and the lower part of the underwater long rod frame generate a rotational torque in the opposite direction, which increases the damping effect of the buoy and the current, effectively offsets and reduces the tilt of the buoy, and ensures high-precision optical measurement of water quality; The present invention uses an electric cleaning brush to regularly remove attached organisms to ensure the accuracy of optical measurement. The copper shell effectively inhibits biological attachment and ensures long-term cleaning of the optical probe, thereby effectively reducing the interference of biological attachment on the sensor measurement area, improving the stability and reliability of the data, and ensuring the accuracy of the optical measurement data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the single-point anchor connection of the water optical buoy of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-point anchor connection of the water optical buoy of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the water optical buoy of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the water optical buoy of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hyperspectral radiometer of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the tower structure of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the buoy body of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the cage structure of the present invention; Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the built-in system of the data acquisition module of the present invention Fig.10 This is a top view of the multi-point anchoring of the water optical buoy of the present invention.

[0013] In the figure: 1. buoy body; 101. launching well; 102. float rope; 103. cement counterweight; 104. equipment compartment; 105. data acquisition module; 106. power management module; 107. battery; 2. tower; 201. ring frame; 2011. AIS collision avoidance device; 2012. GNSS positioning directional antenna; 2013. water hyperspectral radiometer; 2014. lightning rod; 202. anti-lightning reflector; 203. solar panel; 204. anchor light; 205. integrated gas Elephant station; 206, 5G antenna; 207, differential GPS antenna; 3, underwater long pole rack; 301, protective frame; 302, damping blade; 303, optical mounting frame; 304, underwater hyperspectral radiometer; 3041, electric cleaning brush; 4, optical float; 401, glass float; 402, acoustic releaser; 403, counterweight; 5, cage rack; 501, temperature, salinity and depth measuring instrument; 502, water color three-element measuring instrument; 503, absorption attenuation measuring instrument; 504, backscatter measuring instrument. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "two ends", "one end", "the other end" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0016] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0017] See also Figure 1 - Fig.10The present invention proposes a water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in a wide water area, comprising a buoy body 1, a tower 2 and an underwater long rod frame 3, one side of the buoy body 1 is connected to an optical float 4 through a float rope 102, the underwater long rod frame 3 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the buoy body 1, three groups of optical mounting frames 303 of different lengths are equidistantly mounted on the outer side of the underwater long rod frame 3, and three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers 304 are fixedly mounted on one end of the three groups of optical mounting frames 303 of different lengths, and the outer sides of the three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers 304 are all wrapped with copper shells, three groups of electric cleaning brushes 3041 are rotatably mounted on the bottom ends of the three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers 304, and a damping blade 302 is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the underwater long rod frame 3; It should be noted that: the single-point or multi-point anchoring system solution using the combination of ocean optical buoy and floating ball anchor system, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in the figure, the single-point or multi-point anchoring scheme will be finally determined based on the on-site investigation and feasibility verification; for water depths less than 700 meters, a single-point anchor system ( Figure 1 ), for water depths greater than 700 meters and less than 2000 meters, a multi-point anchoring solution is adopted ( Figure 2 ); The combination of the ocean optical buoy and the floating ball anchor system can effectively reduce the influence of the anchor system on the attitude of the ocean optical buoy, and minimize the change of the buoy attitude inclination angle; for different water depth requirements, the selection of a single-point or three-point anchor system can effectively limit the active radius of the moored buoy, meeting the requirement that the active radius of the anchor system is less than 1000m, such as Fig.10 As shown; the anchor is mainly used to maintain the position of the buoy and provide sufficient grip for the buoy to withstand harsh environmental conditions such as strong winds, high currents, and deep seas; Three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers 304 are respectively set at depths of 1 meter, 5 meters and 9 meters, and the radiometers on the upper and lower layers are installed in a staggered manner to reduce the influence of each other's measurements; The underwater hyperspectral radiometer 304 is composed of multiple small, modular, field-installable and replaceable hyperspectral irradiance meters and hyperspectral radiance. In order to ensure long-term and effective data monitoring, an electric cleaning brush 3041 is used to clean the optical probe to prevent biological attachment; Four damping blades 302 are provided at the bottom end of the underwater long rod frame 3 to balance the effect of the ocean current on the floating body. Under the effect of the ocean current, the part above the underwater long rod frame 3 and the part below the underwater long rod frame 3 generate a rotational torque in opposite directions, which offsets or reduces the inclination of the buoy and has a good ability to resist current.

[0018] See also Figure 4 , Figure 7The inner wall of the buoy body 1 is filled with cement weight 103, an equipment compartment 104 is provided inside the buoy body 1, a battery 107 is installed inside the equipment compartment 104, a data acquisition module 105 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one side of the equipment compartment 104, and a power management module 106 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the other side of the equipment compartment 104; It should be noted that: the data acquisition module 105 uses a CF2 motherboard, the brain of the ocean optical buoy, which mainly controls the work of various functional modules and can realize functions such as data acquisition and processing, storage, transmission, and command reception. The CF2 motherboard uses a Motorola MCU68332 as a processor chip, 512kb memory, and the operating environment is similar to the dos operating system. It uses a CF card as a storage medium, which can support a maximum storage capacity of 32GB. The storage installation structure is very firm and has high reliability, avoiding the problem of unstable interface connection caused by the shaking of the buoy during field work; the power supply system is composed of a solar panel 203, a power management module 106 and a battery 107, which provides power for each module of the ocean optical system, and the data acquisition module 105 controls the switch and monitors the power supply.

[0019] See also Fig. 9 The data acquisition module 105 has a built-in GNSS module, a satellite communication module, a 4G communication module, a posture sensor, a control unit, and a serial port control module; It should be noted that the attitude sensor is used to determine the two-axis direction (roll angle and pitch angle) of the ocean optical buoy relative to the vertical plane of the ground, and is used for optical quantity algorithm calculation and verification; the serial port control module is electrically connected with the above-water hyperspectral radiometer 2013, the underwater hyperspectral radiometer 304, the integrated meteorological station 205, the temperature, salinity and depth measuring instrument 501, the water color three-element measuring instrument 502, the absorption attenuation measuring instrument 503 and the backscatter measuring instrument 504, the GNSS module, the satellite communication module, the 4G communication module, the attitude sensor and the control unit. The control unit uses the ultra-low power consumption 16-bit single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 as the main control chip and is equipped with two real-time clock chips to ensure the normal startup of the system; the two-way counters monitor the working status of the system to avoid system crash caused by emergencies; the 4G communication module is mainly used to transmit the data collected by the ocean optical buoy to the shore base station data receiving center, according to Factors such as deployment location, economic cost, power consumption and transmission frequency; the GNSS module grasps the buoy position in real time and can automatically alarm when the buoy is offset; obtains the buoy direction, calculates the relative angle between the azimuth of the mast and the azimuth of the sun. In this measurement geometry, the influence of the shadow or reflection of the buoy can be calculated. The GNSS module of this solution adopts the K726 GNSS board; through the satellite communication module, 4G communication module and control unit, remote monitoring and data transmission functions can be realized; users can remotely control the instrument parameter entry, status monitoring, receiving data transmission and other functions of the on-site measurement equipment by logging into the data receiving software, and realize automatic collection and organization, display, historical data retrieval, data compilation, statistical analysis, report generation, map display, information release, authority management and other operations of the received data, which provides more convenient and efficient data support for the monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters.

[0020] See also Figure 6 , four anti-lightning reflectors 202 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the tower 2, a solar panel 203 is installed on the outer side of the tower 2 through a bracket, the tower 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the buoy body 1, and a ring frame 201 is fixedly installed on the top of the buoy body 1, an AIS collision avoidance device 2011, a GNSS positioning directional antenna 2012, an above-water hyperspectral radiometer 2013 and a lightning rod 2014 are fixedly installed on the top of the ring frame 201 at equal intervals, and an anchor light 204 is fixedly installed at the top center of the tower 2, and an integrated meteorological station 205, a 5G antenna 206 and a differential GPS antenna 207 are respectively installed on the outer side of the anchor light 204 at equal intervals through a vertical pole, and the integrated meteorological station 205, the 5G antenna 206 and the differential GPS antenna 207 are all fixedly installed on the top of the tower 2; It should be noted that: the anchor light 204 is mainly used to be discovered by the hull or sailors at night. The anchor light 204 is electrically connected to the solar panel 203 and the battery 107. The anchor light 204, the battery 107 and the solar panel 203 form a power supply system and work automatically through the power management module 106 without any external power supply; the solar panel 203 is coated with a plastic layer to prevent seawater corrosion, and the single crystal silicon is multi-connected in parallel. If a ship collision occurs, causing part of the solar panel to break, the remaining part can still supply power to the instrument; the AIS collision avoidance instrument 2011 sends the location information (accuracy and latitude) of the buoy body 1 to the AIS of the passing ship through the VHF frequency, so that it can know the location of the buoy at any time; the anti-lightning reflector 202 is mainly used to be discovered by the hull radar. The radar reflector used has a reflection area of ​​108 square feet, which produces a strong bright spot on the radar screen of the passing ship to warn the location of the buoy and avoid it. Collision; The water hyperspectral radiometer 2013 is the core of the ocean optical buoy, which is used to collect the radiance and irradiance of the water body, calculate the light attenuation coefficient of the water body, derive optical quantities such as water-off-water radiance and remote sensing reflectance, and the water hyperspectral radiometer 2013 is used to measure the irradiance on the water surface; The integrated meteorological station 205 can obtain data such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and air pressure in the atmosphere, and can provide reference data for estimating the atmospheric aerosol optical thickness based on the incident spectral irradiance; Through the AIS collision avoidance instrument 2011, GNSS positioning directional antenna 2012, water hyperspectral radiometer 2013, integrated meteorological station 205 and differential GPS antenna 207, key data such as water body's hyperspectral radiance, meteorology, light attenuation coefficient, etc. can be collected, and the 5G antenna 206 can be used to transmit the data to the shore-based data receiving center, so as to accurately assess the water environment quality and warn of potential disasters.

[0021] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 The bottom of the optical float 4 is equipped with a glass float 401 through a chain rope, the bottom of the glass float 401 is fixedly equipped with an acoustic releaser 402, and the bottom of the acoustic releaser 402 is equipped with a counterweight 403 through a chain rope; It should be noted that the main function of the optical buoy 4 is to replace the influence of ocean currents and sea breezes on the posture of the ocean optical buoy, so as to minimize the swaying of the ocean optical buoy body with waves; the buoyancy of the glass buoy 401 pulls up the rope to avoid the friction between the nylon rope and the seabed; the acoustic releaser 402 is mainly used for buoy recovery, abandoning the heavy anchor on the seabed, and reducing the risk of buoy recovery.

[0022] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 8The inner wall at the bottom of the buoy body 1 is provided with four delivery wells 101, and the interiors of the four delivery wells 101 are respectively equipped with a temperature-salinity-depth measuring instrument 501, a water color three-element measuring instrument 502, an absorption attenuation measuring instrument 503, and a backward scattering measuring instrument 504 through a cage frame 5; It should be noted that: the buoy body 1 adopts high-strength elastic polyurea coating, which is resistant to impact and collision, and has excellent anti-corrosion and sealing properties; the absorption attenuation measuring instrument 503 is used to obtain the online long-term absorption coefficient and attenuation coefficient of the water body, which is the radiation inspection and algorithm development and verification of the ocean optical buoy and satellite ocean water color sensor. The absorption attenuation measuring instrument 503 adopts the AC-S water body absorption and attenuation coefficient measuring instrument, which is a high-spectral instrument that can simultaneously measure the attenuation coefficient and absorption coefficient of the water body; the backscatter measuring instrument 504 is used to obtain the online long-term backscattering coefficient of the water body, which is the radiation inspection and algorithm development and verification of the ocean optical buoy and satellite ocean water color sensor. The backscatter measuring instrument 504 adopts the HS-6 sensor; the water color three-element measuring instrument 502 mainly uses the fluorescence measurement method to measure chlorophyll, CDOM, and turbidity, which is the radiation inspection and algorithm development and verification of the ocean optical buoy and satellite ocean water color sensor. It adopts ECO The Triplet-W sensor has a copper panel on the optical probe surface and an electric wiper in the middle to prevent biological attachment, making it suitable for long-term use. The temperature, salinity and depth measuring instrument 501 is used to measure water temperature, salinity and depth data, and always maintains a fixed relative distance with the underwater hyperspectral radiometer 304 to determine the change in the depth of each radiation measurement process relative to its nominal reference depth (fixed position of each layer of hyperspectral radiometer). The water temperature and salinity data are recorded and archived and used in the data processing algorithm.

[0023] See also Figure 1 - Figure 4 A protective frame 301 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the underwater long rod frame 3; It should be noted that a counterweight is provided at the bottom of the protective frame 301 to balance the effect of the ocean current on the floating body. Under the action of the ocean current, the protective frame 301 rotates, and the part above the underwater long rod frame 3 and the part below the underwater long rod frame 3 generate a rotational torque in opposite directions, thereby offsetting or reducing the inclination of the buoy.

[0024] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A water optical buoy for monitoring and warning of environmental disasters in a wide range of waters, comprising a buoy body (1), a tower (2) and an underwater long rod frame (3), characterized in that: One side of the buoy body (1) is connected to an optical buoy (4) via a float rope (102); the underwater long rod frame (3) is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the buoy body (1); three groups of optical mounting frames (303) of different lengths are equidistantly mounted on the outer side of the underwater long rod frame (3); three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers (304) are fixedly mounted at one end of the three groups of optical mounting frames (303) of different lengths; the outer sides of the three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers (304) are all wrapped with a copper shell; three groups of electric cleaning brushes (3041) are rotatably mounted on the bottom ends of the three groups of underwater hyperspectral radiometers (304); and a damping blade (302) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the underwater long rod frame (3).

2. The water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in a wide range of waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the buoy body (1) is filled with cement counterweights (103), an equipment compartment (104) is provided inside the buoy body (1), a storage battery (107) is installed inside the equipment compartment (104), a data acquisition module (105) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one side of the equipment compartment (104), and a power management module (106) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the other side of the equipment compartment (104).

3. The water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in a wide range of waters according to claim 2, characterized in that: The data acquisition module (105) has a built-in GNSS module, a satellite communication module, a 4G communication module, a posture sensor, a control and protection module, and a serial port control module.

4. The water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in a wide range of waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four anti-lightning reflectors (202) are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the tower (2); a solar panel (203) is mounted on the outer side of the tower (2) via a bracket; the tower (2) is fixedly mounted on the top of the buoy body (1); a ring frame (201) is fixedly mounted on the top of the buoy body (1); an AIS collision avoidance device (2011), a GNSS positioning directional antenna (2012), an above-water hyperspectral radiometer (2013) and a lightning rod (2014) are fixedly mounted at equal intervals on the top of the ring frame (201); an anchor light (204) is fixedly mounted at the center of the top of the tower (2); an integrated weather station (205), a 5G antenna (206) and a differential GPS antenna (207) are respectively mounted at equal intervals on the outer side of the anchor light (204) via a vertical pole; and the integrated weather station (205), the 5G antenna (206) and the differential GPS antenna (207) are all fixedly mounted on the top of the tower (2).

5. The water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in a wide range of waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: A glass float (401) is installed at the bottom of the optical float (4) via a chain rope, an acoustic releaser (402) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the glass float (401), and a counterweight (403) is installed at the bottom of the acoustic releaser (402) via a chain rope.

6. The water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in a wide range of waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four delivery wells (101) are provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the buoy body (1), and the interiors of the four delivery wells (101) are respectively installed with a temperature, salinity and depth measuring instrument (501), a water color three-element measuring instrument (502), an absorption attenuation measuring instrument (503) and a backward scattering measuring instrument (504) through a cage frame (5).

7. The water optical buoy for monitoring and early warning of environmental disasters in a wide range of waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective frame (301) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the underwater long rod frame (3).

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