Fireproof elevator

Abstract

The invention discloses a fireproof elevator. The invention relates to the technical field of fire prevention and heat insulation of an elevator and protection of life safety of people escaping from the elevator in case of fire. The technical problem to be solved is clearly reflected that a common elevator does not have a fireproof function, the elevator can stop running when a building is on fire, and danger is brought to passengers. The fireproof elevator invented by our company has fireproof and heat insulation effects, can continuously run when a building is on fire, and helps people on a fire floor to escape by using the fireproof elevator, and firefighters and fire-fighting materials can also quickly reach a fire scene for rescue by using the elevator. According to the technical scheme for solving the problem, various materials for manufacturing the fireproof elevator are made of fireproof heat insulation materials, electric wires and cables of electrical equipment are all used for heat insulation protection, a cooling device is arranged for cooling high-temperature elements, a high-power storage battery is arranged as a standby power supply, and the elevator runs for 1 hour when a building is on fire. The fireproof elevator has the advantages that people on a fire floor can quickly escape through the fireproof elevator, and firefighters can quickly reach a fire scene for rescue through the fireproof elevator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The technical field of fire prevention and heat insulation of elevators, and protecting the lives of people escaping by elevators in the event of a fire. Background Art

[0002] All elevators currently installed and in use on the market, as well as those that have been produced but not yet installed and in use, have three major pain points that cannot be resolved when a fire breaks out in a building. First, they are not fireproof and heat-insulated. Second, they may stop running at any time due to power outages caused by fire. Third, if a large amount of hot air and toxic smoke rush into the elevator car and cannot be discharged in time, the above three points are likely to cause serious injuries to people who are riding in the elevator when a fire breaks out in the building, and even put their lives in danger.

[0003] For safety reasons, firefighters have been educating everyone that elevators cannot be used to escape when a fire breaks out in a building, because the flame temperature during a fire is very high, generally between 500°C and 700°C, and the temperature in the room will quickly rise to over 300°C. High-temperature flames will usually burn electrical appliances and circuits, causing short circuits in the wires. Short circuits in wires will increase local currents instantly, causing the short-circuit protector to trip, resulting in large-scale power outages. If the building does not have a dedicated power supply for elevator safety, and the elevator power, public lighting power and ordinary power share a power supply, a large-scale power outage will cause the elevator to lose power. If a dedicated power supply for elevator safety is installed , the situation will be better, but if flames and high-temperature air invade the elevator car and elevator shaft or elevator machine room, the high-temperature air will also burn the elevator wires, cables, electrical components, etc., causing the elevator to be damaged and power outages. Once the elevator is damaged and the power is out, the elevator door cannot be opened smoothly. The single-layer stainless steel plate used to manufacture the elevator car not only cannot insulate, but also conducts heat very quickly, causing the temperature in the elevator to rise rapidly, and may rise to a level that the passengers in the elevator cannot bear. The passengers in the elevator may suffer accidents because they have nowhere to avoid the high temperature. In addition, fires are often accompanied by a lot of thick smoke and lack of oxygen. The large amount of toxic gases in the thick smoke will make people uncomfortable, cough violently, and even suffocate.

[0004] In response to the above three key pain points of ordinary elevators, our company invented an elevator with fireproof and heat-insulating functions. While the conventional structure of the elevator remains basically unchanged, three new functions are added on the basis of the original functions: 1. Emergency operation function of backup power supply; 2. Fireproof and heat-insulating function; 3. Pollution-free air pressurization and forced exhaust function of the elevator car.

[0005] When a building catches fire, the fireproof elevator developed by our company can use the backup power supply when the building loses power. When the original elevator power supply line suddenly loses power, the automatic power switching device quickly and automatically switches to the backup battery power supply, allowing the elevator to continue to run smoothly for more than an hour. In general fire situations, the fireproof and heat-insulating function of the fireproof elevator can keep the temperature in the elevator car basically unchanged for 30 minutes, and the temperature in the car will not exceed the outdoor natural temperature by 5°C within an hour. The pollution-free air pressurization function in the car can keep the air in the car clean and pollution-free. Even if some high-temperature toxic smoke enters the car, it will be diluted by the continuous replenishment of pollution-free high-pressure air in the car, so that the high-temperature toxic gas can be quickly discharged from the gaps in the car, or discharged from the fire-proof elevator car by the forced exhaust device, and quickly reach a tolerable level. It takes 20 seconds to become similar to the outdoor air quality. The released compressed air has a heat absorption effect, which can effectively reduce the temperature in the car, and protect the lives of people in the elevator to the greatest extent possible. It is conducive to the rapid escape of people in the fire building, and it is also conducive to the rescue personnel and rescue materials using the fire elevator to quickly reach the fire floor to carry out rescue activities, so as to minimize the loss of life and property. The elevator car body will also avoid deformation due to the protection of the thermal insulation material, which is conducive to the smooth operation of the fire elevator when the building is on fire. Summary of the invention

[0006] Compared with ordinary elevators, fireproof elevators mainly use a combination of innovative inventions in the following eleven aspects to enable this type of elevator to operate smoothly in the extremely high temperature environment of a fire in a building and protect the lives of people escaping in a fireproof elevator: (1) Fireproof and heat-insulating protection of the elevator car and the panels of the elevator doors on each floor; (2) Fireproof and heat-insulating protection of the elevator doors on each floor, decorative materials around the doorways, door frame protection, and dynamic sealing of the doorway gaps; (3) Protection of wires and cables; (4) Electrical appliances and their use Fireproof and heat-insulating protection for electrical components; (5) Circuit modification; (6) Air pressurization device and exhaust fan in the car; (7) Guide shoe upgrade and high-temperature lubrication; (8) Add fireproof and heat-insulating enclosures around the top of the car; (9) Add emergency call box, spare emergency control panel in the car, information display screen, storage box, etc.; (10) Use high-temperature resistant bearings for the bearings of each rotating part of the fireproof elevator; (11) Add fireproof rolling shutter doors; (12) The two exhaust vents at the top and bottom of the elevator shaft are linked to dissipate heat from the elevator shaft and the car.

[0007] Summary of the invention is as follows:

[0008] 1. The panels used to manufacture fireproof elevator cars and doors on each floor, as well as the fireproof and heat-insulating protection of the cars - the cars of fireproof elevators are made to have fireproof and heat-insulating functions, in order to protect the lives of people who choose to use fireproof elevators to escape due to fire, so that they will not be injured in the elevator cars. If the panels used to manufacture the elevator cars are fireproof and heat-insulated, the cars are basically fireproof and heat-insulated. If the panels used to manufacture the elevator cars are not fireproof and heat-insulated, then the cars are not fireproof and heat-insulated. The main panels used to manufacture ordinary elevator cars are single-layer 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 0.1 cm, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is 16.3W / mK, and the heat insulation effect is very small. The panels used to manufacture fireproof elevator cars are made of the latest aerogel fireproof insulation panels with the highest fireproof and heat insulation grade and aluminum silicate insulation blankets. As fireproof and heat-insulating interlayers, the outer side of the interlayer is made of 0.1cm thick 304 stainless steel, sandwiching the above two fireproof and heat-insulating materials. The total thickness is 8.2cm thick composite material, highly fireproof and heat-insulating, with a thermal conductivity of 0.012W / mK, and a heat insulation capacity 1358 times better than a single layer of 0.1cm thick 304 stainless steel. The upper, lower, left, right and rear surfaces of the car and the two elevator car doors are made of this composite panel, but the thickness is different. The left and right surfaces and the upper and rear four surfaces are made of 8.2cm thick composite materials. The order of composite board composition is: the outer layer is 0.1cm thick 304 stainless steel plate, the second layer is 5cm thick fireproof and heat-insulating aluminum silicate insulation blanket with a high temperature resistance of 1260℃, and the density is 76kg / m 3 The third layer is a 3cm thick aerogel thermal insulation board with a fireproof and high temperature resistance of 1000℃ and a density of 312kg / m 3 , the fourth layer, which is the inner wall layer of the car, is also a 0.1cm thick 304 stainless steel plate, with a total of four layers and a thickness of 8.2cm. The elevator car door is also made of the same 8.2cm thick composite material as the car, and the bottom of the car is made of a 15.3cm thick composite material. The outer layer is also a 0.1cm thick 304 stainless steel plate. The second layer is a 10cm thick A-level fireproof and high temperature resistant 1260℃ aluminum silicate insulation blanket, and the third layer is a 5cm thick aerogel insulation board with a high temperature resistance of 1000℃. The fourth layer, which is the floor of the car, is a 0.2cm thick 304 stainless steel plate, with a total of four layers. The composite panels used for the car, car door, and car bottom are all bonded with a 1500-degree high temperature adhesive and then mechanically pressed. After the car is assembled, the entire outer surface is sprayed with a fireproof and high temperature resistant coating to ensure that the temperature in the car basically does not rise or rises very little after the fireproof elevator continues to run for one hour in a fire accident.

[0009] The elevator doors on each floor are also made of composite materials using the above process, with a thickness of 8.2cm. The door surface is sprayed with a fire-proof and high-temperature resistant coating, and the surface of the fire-proof and high-temperature resistant coating is then sprayed with a high-temperature fire-extinguishing coating. When the flame is burning, the substances in the coating will undergo a chemical reaction when heated, and carbon dioxide and other fire-extinguishing gases will be released. The carbon dioxide gas can not only extinguish the flame close to the surface of the door body, but also take away the heat from the surface of the door body. With multiple protections, it is fully possible to ensure that the elevator doors on each floor will not be deformed when exposed to high-temperature flames, so that they can be opened and closed smoothly, making it easy for escapees to enter the elevator smoothly and enter the safe area through the elevator.

[0010] In the fireproof elevator, paper, plastic, wood and other flammable and heat-volatile hazardous materials cannot be posted or sprayed with ordinary paint that is not resistant to high temperatures. The emergency rescue phone number is engraved on a metal card with laser engraving and glued to the top of the car with 1500℃ high-temperature glue. The base of the control panel button in the car is made of ceramic or high-temperature resistant PEEK material. The wires from the buttons, lighting, emergency call devices, etc. to the control box are connected with mica pure nickel wires that are resistant to 1300℃. The wires and fire-resistant wire casings used in the car are baked in an oven at 800℃ for 30 minutes before installation, and they can be installed and used after the trace smoke is completely dissipated.

[0011] 2. Dynamic sealing of elevator doors and doorway decoration materials, door frame protection and doorway gaps on each floor - the purpose is to increase the fireproof function of the above items and prevent a large amount of high-temperature air and thick smoke from entering the elevator shaft. The decorative materials around the elevator doors on each floor, such as stone and metal plates, are bonded or welded with high-temperature resistant adhesives. The back of the decorative materials, the inner layer of the door frame, and the door wall are evenly coated with high-temperature resistant adhesives. Then, the high-temperature resistant fireproof cloth with appropriate specifications is cut and attached to the back surface of the three coated with high-temperature resistant adhesives, so that the wall, multiple decorative materials, and elevator door frames form a solid combination. First, a layer of fireproof and heat-insulating coating is sprayed on the outer surface of the three, and then a chemical high-temperature fire-extinguishing material is sprayed on the surface of the fireproof and heat-insulating coating. When heated, the high-temperature fire-extinguishing material releases carbon dioxide and other gases with fire-extinguishing effects. The process of releasing gas will absorb a large amount of heat from the surface of the object, reduce the surface temperature of the object, prevent the elevator door, the decorative materials around the door, and the door frame from being deformed and cracked due to heat, and prevent heat from quickly invading.

[0012] Use fireproof and heat-insulating materials to fill the cavity enclosed by the elevator door frames on each floor, the doorway decorative materials, and the solid wall of the doorway, use metal plates to seal the fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and then weld or anchor the metal plates to the door frames and the solid wall of the doorway.

[0013] The gaps between the doors and the door frames of fireproof elevators are dynamically sealed with high-temperature resistant silicone strips. Since there will be gaps between the doors and the door frames after the elevator doors are closed, the gaps between the elevator doors are 2mm to 3mm wide, and the gaps between the elevator doors and the door frames are generally 3mm to 10mm wide. This width is normal for ordinary elevators, but it is not allowed for fireproof elevators. Since fireproof elevators will continue to operate for about an hour after a building catches fire, a gap of this width will allow a large amount of hot air and toxic smoke from the fire floor to be sucked into the elevator shaft through the gap, causing the air temperature in the elevator shaft to rise. The high-temperature air may affect the normal operation and operation of all equipment, facilities, electrical components, lines, etc. installed in the elevator shaft.

[0014] In order to avoid the above situation, when the fireproof elevator door is closed, an elliptical tubular high-temperature resistant silicone sealing strip is installed on the adjacent door edges of the left and right doors. After the fireproof elevator door is closed, the elliptical cavities of the two strips squeeze each other, which can dynamically close the gap. After sealing, it can prevent the high-temperature air and thick smoke in the fire layer from entering the elevator shaft through the gap between the two doors. The shape of the sealing silicone strip between the fireproof elevator door and the door is: a nearly flat elliptical tubular sealing strip with a wall thickness of 0.5mm, the same width as the thickness of the elevator door, and the same length as the height of the elevator door.

[0015] High temperature resistant silicone strips are also installed on the upper side and the left and right edges of the fireproof elevator door frame close to the elevator door. The width of the silicone strips varies depending on the gap between the door and the door frame. In principle, after the elevator door is closed, it is appropriate to have basically no gap between the silicone strips and the elevator door, so as not to affect the normal opening and closing of the elevator door. The length of the silicone strips is based on the ability to close the three sides of the entire door frame. When the gap between the door and the door frame of the fireproof elevator is dynamically sealed with high temperature resistant silicone strips, it can prevent the high temperature air and thick smoke in the fire layer from entering the elevator shaft through the gap between the door and the door frame.

[0016] The gaps between the doors and door frames of each floor of the fireproof elevator are dynamically sealed with high-temperature resistant rubber strips. When a building catches fire, fire will not flow into the elevator shaft through the gaps between the doors and door frames of the fireproof elevator. This is also one of the important steps to ensure the stable operation of the fireproof elevator when a building is on fire.

[0017] 3. Wire and cable protection - the function is to make all wires and cables used in elevators have fireproof function, so as not to affect the operation of elevators due to quality problems of wires and cables in case of fire. Ordinary elevators generally use ordinary flexible cables to transmit electricity to the entire elevator. Under normal circumstances, ordinary flexible cables can meet the requirements of elevator use, with a long-term working temperature of -40℃~+50℃, and can be used in an environment of +125℃~+140℃. The limit temperature cannot exceed +250℃. The advantage is that it is relatively economical, and the disadvantage is that the fireproof grade is low and the flame retardancy is poor. Under the condition of high temperature of fire, the outer protective layer can burn continuously, which is very likely to cause the risk of short circuit. The fireproof elevator invented by our company uses mica high temperature resistant pure nickel cable, which can withstand high temperature of 1300℃. It has many advantages such as fire retardancy, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, aging resistance, and corrosion resistance. It is not harmful to it when it is sprayed with a high temperature flame spray gun at a flame close to 1000℃ for 30 minutes, and it will not cause short circuit due to high temperature of fire. All power lines and signal lines of fireproof elevators are connected by this mica pure nickel cable that can withstand high temperatures of 1300℃, and each wire is isolated and protected by a high-temperature resistant casing, and then extended from the basement to the elevator machine room through a metal pipe pre-buried in the concrete wall of the elevator shaft, using the elevator shaft wall as a barrier to protect the wires and cables used in the elevator. The cables and signal lines from the elevator call box on each floor to the control box in the machine room, various sensor wires, and accompanying cables from the machine room to the car are all made of mica fireproof and high-temperature resistant pure nickel cables to ensure that the elevator can continue to use electricity when a fire occurs in the building, and there will be no short circuit or disconnection caused by the quality of wires and cables, which will affect the operation of the elevator.

[0018] 4. Protection of electrical appliances and electrical components - the purpose is to ensure that electrical appliances and electrical components can work stably in a high temperature environment. The protection of electrical appliances and electrical components mainly includes three aspects: protection of car electrical appliances, protection of the machine room, and protection of the door opening system of each floor, the call box, and the button.

[0019] 1. Protection of electrical appliances and electrical components in the elevator car: The electrical components inside the car are connected to the elevator accompanying cable with mica high-temperature resistant pure nickel wires, and the button base is made of ceramic material or high-temperature resistant modified plastic PEEK material to prevent high-temperature deformation and loss of function. The connection between the button and the wire is all fixed with screws, not welded, to prevent high-temperature melting and disconnection. The main protection object on the top of the car is the door opening system. A fireproof and heat-insulating shield is made for the door opening system. The components that slide the door left and right are exposed outside the shield, and all other components are covered. Most of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials used to make the shield are 10cm thick aerogel fireproof and heat-insulating boards that can withstand 1000℃ high temperatures. The door opening device is limited by space between the door opening devices on each floor, and the door opening devices on each floor must also be protected. This side is protected by a 1cm thick hard mica board that can withstand 1000℃ high temperatures. After bonding the aerogel insulation boards on the other surfaces with a high-temperature resistant adhesive, the aerogel board and the mica board are fixed with extended stainless steel self-tapping screws. The protective cover shell is made of 0.1cm thick 304 stainless steel, and the driven door opening device of each floor elevator door is retained. The metal parts that touch the synchronous door opening function are on the periphery of the protective cover. The metal parts are sprayed with heat-insulating paint for protection and heat insulation to reduce heat transfer. The synchronous belt used in the door opener is replaced by a high-temperature synchronous belt instead of a normal temperature belt. The wire guide pulley of the door opener is made of stainless steel metal wheel, and the groove of the metal wheel is inlaid with high-temperature resistant modified plastic PEEK material. The shell of small electrical components is also made of PEEK material, and the shell is sprayed with fire-resistant and high-temperature resistant coating. All large and small bearings are 1000℃ high-temperature bearings, and all rolling and sliding friction parts are made of PEEK material.The door opener is the main working part of the elevator door opening system and the main part that generates heat in the door opening system. The heat dissipation of ordinary elevator door openers is an extensive natural heat dissipation method. Because under normal circumstances, the power of the door opener motor is between 0.046 and 0.103KW, very little heat is generated, and natural heat dissipation fully meets the requirements. However, in addition to using high-temperature resistant motors as door openers, fireproof elevators must also provide fireproof and high-temperature protection for the entire door opening system, and high-quality fireproof and heat-insulating materials to protect it, so that external flames and heat waves will not affect the normal operation of the door machine. At the same time, in the daily operation of the door opening system, the heat generated by the door opener itself cannot be dissipated. Although the heat is not much, it will also affect the door opening if it accumulates. To solve this problem, a micro cooling device with automatic temperature control function needs to be installed inside the protective cover of the door opening system, so that the door opener can always maintain a normal operating temperature within the range of 10℃ to 30℃. In order to ensure that the cooling device of the door opening system can still work normally in the high temperature environment when a fire occurs in a building, the heat dissipation end of the cooling device needs to be set in the fireproof and heat-insulating interlayer on the top of the car, and the heat is dissipated in the car through multiple micropores. If the heat dissipation end is set outside the car, the entire car is likely to be shrouded in high temperature when the building catches fire, and the outside temperature is seriously higher than the temperature of the heat dissipation end. The heat dissipation end cannot dissipate heat, resulting in the refrigeration device being unable to work continuously, and then causing the door opener to fail to work normally. Because the door opener generates very little heat, it is dispersed into the car and has almost no effect on the car, so the best choice is to dissipate heat from the heat dissipation end to the car.

[0020] 2. Elevator room protection: The purpose of good room protection is to protect the electrical components and equipment in the room. The normal working environment temperature of the traction machine and other electrical equipment and components in the elevator room is between 5℃ and 40℃. The purpose of good fireproof and heat insulation protection of the room is to ensure that the room temperature is always maintained at a normal working temperature below 40℃ when there is a fire in the building. Within a certain period of time, the normal operation of each electrical component in the room cannot be affected by the fire in the building. Elevator room protection is divided into external room protection and internal room protection.

[0021] The external protection of the elevator machine room is mainly the protection of the lower part of the machine room floor, that is, the protection of the top of the elevator shaft. Because the machine room is located above the elevator shaft, the elevator machine room and the elevator shaft are generally separated by only 12cm thick reinforced concrete floor (the thickness of the concrete floor of the fireproof elevator machine room in the newly built building is required to be thickened to 30cm to slow down the heat transfer rate). No matter which floor is on fire, flames, hot air and thick smoke are likely to flow into the elevator shaft from the elevator door of the fire floor. Due to the chimney effect of the elevator shaft sucking air upward, the huge heat will rush directly to the top of the elevator shaft, that is, under the floor of the elevator machine room, causing the temperature of the elevator machine room to rise rapidly, exceeding the normal working environment temperature of the traction machine, control box and other electrical equipment and components by 5℃ to 40℃. When the temperature in the machine room rises to 50 degrees, it will affect the normal operation of all electrical components installed in the machine room. When it rises to above 60 degrees, the traction machine motor will fail due to damage to the electronic control components, and the elevator may stop working. Therefore, fire and heat insulation protection at the top of the elevator shaft is very important. The top of the elevator shaft is protected by double-layer thickened fireproof and heat-insulating materials, which are close to the top of the elevator shaft. A 10cm thick aerogel insulation board that can withstand high temperatures of 1000℃ is used. High-temperature resistant adhesive is applied on the insulation board and the top of the elevator shaft. The high-temperature resistant adhesive used can withstand high temperatures of 1500℃ without decomposing and oxidizing, and still has good bonding strength. After coating, the insulation board is glued to the top of the elevator shaft, and then a 10cm thick A-grade fireproof aluminum silicate insulation blanket that can withstand high temperatures of 1260℃ is applied and glued to the bottom of the aerogel insulation board. A 0.2cm thick 304 stainless steel plate is used to protect the bottom of the aluminum silicate insulation blanket to prevent the insulation board and insulation blanket from falling off and affecting the operation of the elevator. The stainless steel plate is folded at right angles and extends downward by 20cm close to the vertical wall of the elevator shaft to increase the supporting strength of the stainless steel plate. On the steel plate, drill a 1.8cm diameter round hole every 50cm, and then use an impact drill to drill through the insulation board and the machine room floor in turn from the round hole (be careful to avoid the equipment in the machine room). Use 1.6cm thick stainless steel bolts to fix and tighten the stainless steel plate, insulation material, and machine room floor, and then use argon arc welding to firmly weld the screws and screw rods together. The 20cm high stainless steel plate that fits the elevator shaft facade wall on all sides should also be firmly connected to the elevator shaft facade wall with a 1.6cm thick stainless steel expansion nail at intervals of about 50cm. In order to reduce the heat rising to the machine room, the reserved hole at the top of the elevator shaft for the elevator traction wire rope to pass through is shrunk with aerogel insulation board, leaving only a hole slightly larger than the traction wire rope to allow the elevator to operate normally.

[0022] The internal protection of the machine room is mainly the thermal insulation protection of the machine room floor. On the basis of the fireproof and thermal insulation protection on the top of the elevator shaft, secondary thermal insulation protection is carried out on the machine room floor. The protection sequence is to first lay a 5cm thick aluminum silicate insulation blanket, and then lay a 5cm aerogel thermal insulation board on the aluminum silicate insulation blanket, a total of 10cm thick insulation layer, and then lay 5cm to 10cm thick concrete on the aerogel thermal insulation board, and ceramic floor tiles can be laid on the concrete. The machine room should be equipped with a 1.5HP air conditioner to cool the machine room in case of fire.

[0023] 3. Upgrade and protection of door opening systems, elevator call boxes and buttons on each floor: add an information display screen above the normal installation position of the elevator call box, and add an emergency elevator call box and a display screen directly below the elevator call box, 30 cm above the floor. When the fire is serious and the escapees cannot stand to press the elevator call button, or when they crawl on the floor to avoid the high temperature air and toxic smoke in the upper floor of the room, the elevator call box here cannot be used at ordinary times. It is only controlled by the machine room controller when the temperature in the elevator lobby exceeds 50°C, or the smoke detector detects that the smoke concentration reaches the threshold used by the elevator call box. At the same time, the display is also turned on to show the same content as the upper display. The wires between the door opening system on each floor and the elevator call box buttons, and the display and control box are connected with mica pure nickel wires that are resistant to high temperatures of 1300°C. The fire and heat insulation protection of the door opening system on each floor is the same as that of the elevator door opening system. The difference is that the cooling device is directly provided with a cold source by the refrigeration host placed on the roof. The refrigeration host dissipates heat on the roof, and the cooling device of the door opening system on each floor does not require a heat dissipation device to work normally. The elevator call box and buttons are made of metal or high-temperature resistant plastic. The elevator call box adopts a deepened size call box. The outside is basically the same as the ordinary elevator call box, but it is deepened by 10cm inside. A cooling end is added in the deepened area. The cold source is provided by the refrigeration host. The refrigeration pipeline is parallel to the power supply cables and signal cables of each floor and is installed in a protection groove. It goes directly downward from the rooftop machine room. A three-way pipe is used to branch the branch air-conditioning pipe from the protection groove opening at the horizontal height of each floor and the top of each door. The branch pipe is distributed to the door opening system and each elevator call box on each floor. The solenoid valve controls the on and off of the air-conditioning pipeline on each floor. Smoke sensors, temperature sensors and temperature control switches are added to each floor. The smoke sensors and temperature sensors can transmit signals to the temperature control switch. The temperature control switch controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve. When the temperature sensor on any floor detects that the temperature of that floor reaches or exceeds the set 50℃ (this temperature threshold can be set freely), or when the smoke concentration reaches the set threshold, the signal will be transmitted to the machine The refrigeration unit controller in the room starts the refrigeration unit to start cooling, and also transmits the temperature control switch signal. The temperature control switch energizes the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve on this floor opens, the refrigeration pipe loop on this floor is opened, and cold air supplies the door opening system, elevator call box and information display screen on this floor to cool down the door machine, elevator call box button and information display screen on this floor to prevent the door machine, elevator call box button and information display screen from being damaged due to high temperature, thereby affecting the opening and closing of the elevator door on this floor. The temperature of the floors without fire is relatively normal and does not reach the set threshold for the opening of the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve of the branch cold air pipe on this floor is in a closed state, the branch cooling pipe on this floor cannot form a loop, and the door opener and elevator call button on this floor are not cooled. In this way, the limited cold source supplies the floors with higher temperatures. When the temperature of this floor is normal, the solenoid valve is closed. If the solenoid valve is damaged due to high temperature, the valve is always in an open state, and the cooling work of the door opening system and the elevator call button will not be affected by the damage of the solenoid valve.

[0024] 5. Circuit transformation - the function is to automatically switch to the backup power supply in time to continue to supply power to the elevator when the original power supply line of the elevator fails, so that the operation of the elevator cannot be affected by the power failure of the original circuit. 1. Add a device that automatically switches to the backup power supply when the power fails; 2. Add a high-power, large-capacity backup battery power supply device and a high-power inverter.

[0025] (1) Add a device that automatically switches to a backup power supply when power is cut off: Generally, elevators are powered by a dedicated transformer, and the power supply is two-way, that is, dual power supply. The transformer is connected to the dedicated distribution box for elevators in the basement of the building. Therefore, elevators generally do not experience power outages. However, this is an exception when a building is on fire. It is very likely that a fire in a certain part of the building will cause a power outage in the entire building and the elevator. Ordinary elevators can only be used during normal times and cannot be used during a building fire. There is little need to equip them with a backup power supply. However, fireproof elevators are not only used during normal times, but also continue to be used for a period of time when a building is on fire. Therefore, a backup power supply is a power supply device that must be equipped for fireproof elevators. If a backup power supply is equipped, a matching device that automatically switches to a backup power supply when power is cut off must be equipped.

[0026] The main cables for elevator power supply all enter the electric shaft from the basement, and then are laid upward along the inner wall of the special electric shaft, fixed layer by layer, and finally enter the machine room. The end of the cable enters the elevator power distribution cabinet in the machine room and is connected to the air switch in the power distribution cabinet. When the cable is out of power, the elevator cannot continue to work. In addition to using mica fireproof and high-temperature resistant pure nickel cables, the power supply system of the fireproof elevator is equipped with a high-power, large-capacity 220V battery backup power supply on the basis of the original power supply system. At the end of the main cable and the front end of the elevator control cabinet in the machine room, a device is added to automatically switch to the backup power supply when the main cable is powered off, and continue to power the elevator. The power size should be slightly larger than the total power of all electrical appliances in the single elevator, so that the elevator can continue to work for about an hour when the main power supply stops. When a fire occurs in the building, after the power supply of the building is cut off, it can also extend the precious time of one hour for escapers and rescuers.

[0027] (2) Add high-power, high-capacity backup batteries and high-power inverters: equipped with 220v / 12KW / 15kWh lithium iron phosphate batteries and inverters with a rated power of 10KW and a peak power of 20KW that converts 220v to 380v power.

[0028] Take the elevator with a load capacity of 800kg and a speed of 1.5m / s, which is usually configured in an 11-story building, as an example. Under normal circumstances, the total power of all electrical appliances such as the traction motor, door opener, car lighting, and public lighting of this type of elevator is between 7.8KW and 9.5KW, the machine room air conditioner is 1.5KW, and the refrigerator is 2KW, with a total power of about 13KW (the total power consumption of high-rise elevators is subject to the actual power). According to the above power consumption, in order to keep the elevator running for one hour in the event of a fire and power outage in the building, equipping the elevator with a 220v / 13KW / 15kWh lithium iron phosphate battery in the machine room can meet the above conditions. At the same time, it is equipped with a matching charging device to automatically charge the battery using the original circuit to ensure that the battery is always fully charged.

[0029] According to the power consumption and battery power, a battery conversion inverter with a rated power of 13KW and a peak power of 20KW can meet the usage requirements.

[0030] 6. Add an air booster device in the car and install an exhaust fan device on the upper part of the car - the main function of the air booster device is to replenish clean and pollution-free air to the elevator car, so that the air pressure in the car is slightly greater than the air pressure in the elevator shaft. This is beneficial for removing the high-temperature toxic smoke that invades the car from the gaps in the car when the elevator door is opened to enter the fire floor. At the same time, the oxygen content of the air in the car is increased. The compressed air released in the car will absorb a lot of heat (the same as the refrigeration principle of air conditioning), effectively reducing the temperature of the car.

[0031] The main component of the air booster device in the car is an explosion-proof high-pressure steel gas cylinder with a working pressure of 30Mpa and a test pressure of 50Mpa. The compressed air stored in the cylinder is at a pressure of 30Mpa. When a building catches fire, the fire will produce heat waves and thick smoke, and will consume a large amount of oxygen in the limited space. The people on the fire floor will be attacked by heat waves and toxic smoke, and they will also have to endure the discomfort of lack of oxygen. When the people on the fire floor escape through the fire elevator, the fire elevator car provides a relatively safe and relatively closed space for the escapees. The temperature in the fire elevator car is normal, and there is no toxic smoke pollution. However, when the elevator door on the fire floor and the car door are opened at the same time, hot air will escape. A large amount of smoke and even flames will be sucked into the elevator shaft, and high-temperature air and toxic smoke will also rush into the car. The oxygen content of the air in the car will also decrease with the invasion of relatively oxygen-deficient hot air. When the car door is closed, the high-pressure gas cylinder in the air booster device will automatically release pollution-free compressed air into the car. The released compressed air expands in the fireproof elevator car, which will increase the air pressure in the car. The smoke and high-temperature air that invaded the car will be gradually discharged from the gaps in the car as the compressed air is continuously replenished, so that the temperature of the car quickly returns to normal. At the same time, the compressed air also replenishes a large amount of oxygen into the car, lowering the temperature of the car and reducing the discomfort of the escapees.

[0032] Composition, use, installation and protection of the air booster device in the car:

[0033] The air boosting device in the car mainly consists of explosion-proof high-pressure gas cylinders, sensors, information processing center components, relays, reduction motors, 12V batteries, charging voltage stabilizing units, air pipes, etc.

[0034] Function of explosion-proof high-pressure gas cylinder: In the present invention, the main function of the explosion-proof high-pressure gas cylinder is to store compressed air and deliver pollution-free compressed air to the fireproof elevator car when needed. The explosion-proof high-pressure gas cylinder is equipped with a valve that can release and close the air, a barometer that displays the instant pressure, and a pressure sensor. The valve on the gas cylinder is connected to the reduction motor with a coupling and is opened or closed by the reduction motor. The reduction motor is controlled by the information processing center. The information processing center receives information from the smoke sensor and the temperature sensor. When the temperature of the temperature sensor received by the information processing center reaches the set threshold, or the concentration of the smoke sensor reaches the set threshold, the information processing center controls the reduction motor to open the explosion-proof high-pressure gas cylinder valve and deliver air to the elevator car through a metal air pipe. When both pieces of information are set below the threshold, the information processing center controls the reduction motor to close the explosion-proof high-pressure gas cylinder valve.

[0035] The main function of the battery is to provide power to the reduction motor, exhaust fan and sensor, ensuring that the device has sufficient power supply at any time. The voltage is 12V, and the charging voltage stabilizing unit is connected to the 220V power supply of the car to transform and charge the battery to ensure that the battery has sufficient power. One end of the metal air pipe is connected to the valve of the explosion-proof gas cylinder, and the other end is connected to the interior of the car. The function is to transport the pollution-free air released by the explosion-proof gas cylinder to the interior of the car, increase the internal pressure of the fire-proof elevator car, drive away the high-temperature air and toxic smoke in the car, increase the oxygen content of the air inside the car, and reduce the discomfort of people escaping using the fire-proof elevator.

[0036] Installation location and protection method: The air booster device in the car is installed in the middle position above the top of the protected car. The car power supply is connected with a high-temperature resistant 1300℃ mica pure nickel wire. The 12V battery of the device is charged at ordinary times to keep the battery fully charged. The temperature sensor and smoke probe are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the car door corresponding to the car. The two sensors and the information processing center components are connected with a high-temperature resistant 1300℃ mica pure nickel wire. A hole is drilled near the location where the air booster device is installed. The hole must penetrate the top protective layer and the top of the car. The diameter is based on the metal air pipe that can pass through the device. The upper end of the air pipe is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder valve, and the lower end enters the interior of the car through the top protective layer of the car. The opening is decorated with porous metal discs.

[0037] The thermal insulation protection of the air booster is the same as that of the elevator door opening system. The thickness of the fireproof and heat-insulating interlayer is thickened to 15cm, and the outer periphery of the insulation layer is also protected by a 0.1cm thick 304 stainless steel plate. The micro-cooling device of the door opening system should also be connected in series to cool the air booster to ensure that the high-pressure gas cylinder will not explode due to high temperature.

[0038] An exhaust fan is installed in the upper part of the car, with a rated voltage of 12V and a power of 10W, which is used to extract high-temperature air and smoke in the car. The exhaust fan uses the 12V battery power supply in the air booster device to work. When the detection data of the temperature sensor and smoke sensor in the car reaches the set threshold, the car door opens, the exhaust fan is turned off, the car door is closed, and the exhaust fan is turned on, which is conducive to timely discharge of high-temperature air and toxic smoke from the car.

[0039] 7. Guide shoe upgrade and high temperature lubrication - the purpose is to ensure that the fireproof elevator can run smoothly in a high-temperature environment. 1. Shoe lining: Elevator guide rails and guide shoes are important components that affect the stable operation of the elevator sliding up and down. The shoe lining is also a key friction component between the elevator guide rails and the outer metal frame of the guide shoe. Fireproof elevators need to operate in a high-temperature environment. The high-temperature environment will cause the temperature of the car guide rails, counterweight guide rails and guide shoes covered therein to rise suddenly. When the temperature of the guide rails and guide shoes rises, the temperature of the shoe lining in the guide shoe will rise. The guide shoe lining of ordinary elevators is made of polyurethane material, which is resistant to friction but not resistant to high temperature. Once the temperature rises, the polyurethane shoe lining is easy to soften, the strength becomes lower, and the support and friction effect are lost, so that the gap between the guide shoe and the track becomes larger, affecting the stable operation of the elevator, and not meeting the safety requirements of fireproof elevators. The shoe lining of the fireproof elevator is made of wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant modified plastic PEEK material, which has many special advantages such as high wear resistance, high mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, self-lubrication, anti-aging, toughness and rigidity. The shoe lining made of PEEK material can meet the requirements of fireproof elevator materials. 2. Guide shoe metal frame: The openings of the lining steel plates at the upper and lower ends of the conventional guide shoe metal frame are relatively large, the shoe lining directly contacts the guide rail, and the edge of the steel plate opening is relatively far from the rail, generally with a spacing of about 0.5cm to 1cm. The openings of the guide shoe metal frame at the upper and lower ends of the fireproof elevator are smaller, only 0.1cm more than the distance between the shoe lining and the guide rail on each side, and the shape of the guide shoe upper lining steel plate is turned upward and then turned outward, and the shape of the guide shoe lower lining steel plate is turned downward and then turned outward. This can ensure that in the case of extremely high temperature during a fire, once the shoe lining becomes soft and loses its supporting strength, the guide shoe metal frame can also maintain a relatively small distance from the guide rail. The guide shoe metal frame and the guide rail are directly rubbed, and under the lubrication of high-temperature lubricating oil, the elevator can also be kept running smoothly as much as possible. Generally, the counterweight guide shoe only has a metal fixed base, no metal protective frame, and the guide shoe frame and the shoe lining are made of wear-resistant polyurethane material. Without a metal frame to protect the shoe lining, it is easy to soften and lose its supporting function in a high-temperature environment of a fire. The counterweight guide shoe of the fireproof elevator is protected by a 5mm thick stainless steel frame. The manufacturing principle is the same as that of the car guide shoe. When the shoe lining softens and loses its supporting function in a high-temperature environment, it can still rely on the lubrication of high-temperature lubricating oil to allow the outer frame of the shoe lining to slide and rub against the track, so as to prevent the elevator counterweight from leaving the counterweight track and affecting the smooth operation of the elevator.

[0040] Install high-temperature lubrication device: Ordinary elevator guide rail lubricants are not resistant to high temperatures, and the plastic box containing guide rail lubricants is also not resistant to high temperatures. In the high-temperature environment of a fire, the lubricant plastic box will deform and collapse, causing a large amount of lubricant to be lost. The lubricant itself will also deteriorate due to high temperature, reducing viscosity and then reducing lubrication, reducing adhesion to the guide rails, which is extremely unfavorable for elevators running in high-temperature environments during fires. Install an elevator guide rail high-temperature automatic lubrication device near the guide shoes on the top of both sides of the car. When a fire occurs in the building, the temperature sensor of the device senses the temperature change of the elevator shaft. When the temperature in the elevator shaft reaches the set threshold of 50°C, the device automatically supplies the two car guide rails and shoe linings with special ultra-high temperature resistant lubricants. This grease can maintain good lubrication performance and adhesion at a high temperature of 1000°C, can overcome all the defects of ordinary lubricants in high-temperature environments, and help the elevator slide up and down to operate stably.

[0041] The high-temperature automatic lubrication device of the counterweight guide rail is installed in the machine room and controlled by the control box. When a fire occurs in the building, the high-temperature lubricating oil is supplied to the two counterweight guide rails through the high-temperature resistant lubricating oil conduit. The lubricating oil conduit passes through the machine room floor protection layer, the machine room reinforced concrete floor, and then passes through the multi-layer fireproof and heat-insulating protective layer on the top of the elevator shaft under the floor. The upper end is connected to the high-temperature automatic lubrication device, and the lower end is connected to the counterweight guide rail. The oil outlet end of the high-temperature resistant lubricating oil conduit is controlled by a spring of appropriate length to slide up and down within a limited distance at the upper end of the counterweight guide rail to supply the counterweight guide rail with high-temperature resistant lubricating oil. The high-temperature lubricating oil is discharged from the two upper ends of the counterweight guide rail. The side friction surface flows downward. When the guide shoe on the counterweight guide rail is about to slide to the top of the guide shoe's guide rail stroke, the guide shoe lining contacts the oil outlet end of the lubricating oil duct, pushing the oil outlet end up along the guide rail to the upper end of the guide shoe stroke at the same time, lubricating the slide rail and the guide shoe. When the car goes down, the oil outlet end goes down together with the guide shoe under the thrust of the spring. When they go down to the contact point, the two separate. This up and down cycle is repeated, and the entire counterweight guide rail is lubricated by the scraping lubrication of the lubricating oil by the lining, ensuring that the elevator counterweight can slide up and down smoothly in the case of fire and high temperature, and the elevator will not be unstable due to the lubrication of the counterweight guide rail.

[0042] 8. Add fireproof and heat-insulating enclosures around the top of the car: The function is to prevent the flames and high-temperature air from directly attacking the facilities installed on the top of the car when the elevator door is opened. Use fireproof and heat-insulating materials to make a fireproof enclosure with a height of 100cm, a thickness of 5cm, and a width and length consistent with the specifications of the fireproof elevator car. Fix it on the inside of the top fence outside the car to prevent the hot flames and heat waves from directly impacting the elevator car lifting system and other devices when the elevator door is opened. It helps to prevent a large amount of flames and high-temperature air from directly burning the facilities and equipment on the top of the car when the door is opened, and it can also prevent some high-temperature flames and high-temperature air from entering the elevator shaft.

[0043] IX. Add emergency call boxes, spare emergency control panels in the car, information display screens, and storage boxes: The functions of the above facilities are to help people on the fire floor escape as quickly as possible using fireproof elevators. (1) Install an emergency call box 30 cm above the floor, just below the call box in the elevator lobby. When a fire breaks out in a building and the escapees bend over or crawl to escape and prepare to take the fire elevator, they do not need to stand up and press the normal elevator call box to call the elevator. It is more convenient to press the emergency elevator call box, which is only 30 cm above the ground, to avoid being burned by the high temperature flames and thick smoke in the upper and middle floors of the elevator lobby when they stand up and press the normal elevator call box. The emergency elevator call box is made of fireproof material and is controlled by the machine room control box. It is automatically activated when the air temperature in the upper floors of the elevator lobby exceeds the set threshold of 50°C; (2) The spare emergency control panel in the car is set directly below the control panel in the car, 30 cm above the car floor. When the escapees bend over or crawl to enter the fire elevator car, sometimes the escapees may suffer unexpected burns, falls or bumps in the process of escaping from the fire area to the fire elevator door in the elevator lobby. Sometimes they may be too seriously injured to stand up or raise their arms to press the floor button. At this time, it is more convenient for the escapee to press the spare emergency control panel button in the fireproof elevator car 30cm above the floor, which can help the escapee quickly close the fireproof elevator door and the fireproof elevator car door, and transfer to a safe area as soon as possible through the fireproof elevator; (3) The information display screen displays the battery power, the emergency operation time of the elevator, the remaining time, the temperature in the car, the temperature of the waiting hall on each floor, the compressed air pressure, and whether the elevator can operate normally. The indicator is displayed in green when it is within the safe range, and in red when it exceeds the safe range, so that the people who are preparing to take the elevator can understand the actual working status of the elevator and which floor may have a fire, and decide whether to take the elevator and which floor to get on and off the elevator; (4) The storage box in the waiting hall is set under the emergency call box, which stores a 2 / 2m 2 The 0.8mm thick high-silica fire blanket and 500ml bottled drinking water can be quickly taken out from the storage box by the escapee in an emergency, wrapped around himself, and used to extinguish the fire on his body. A bottle of 500ml drinking water can also cool down the skin of some important parts such as the face, head, and hands, or extinguish the fire on part of the body, which can appropriately reduce the damage to the injured. The storage box in the car is set under the spare emergency control panel in the car. The storage items and functions are the same as those of the storage box in the elevator lobby.

[0044] 10. The bearings of each rotating part of the fireproof elevator use high temperature resistant bearings: The role of high temperature resistant bearings is to ensure that each moving part of the elevator can work stably in a high temperature environment. The role of bearings in the elevator is self-evident. Ordinary elevator bearings can only work normally under normal temperature conditions, generally with a temperature resistance of less than 100°C and a maximum working temperature of 200°C. They are not competent for work in a high temperature environment. The fireproof elevator invented by our company uses silicon nitride bearings for each moving part, which can operate normally in a high temperature environment of 1600°C, and will not affect the temperature operation of the elevator due to the high temperature of the fire.

[0045] 11. Add fireproof rolling shutter doors: The function of fireproof rolling shutter doors is to block high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and toxic smoke from invading fireproof elevator cars and elevator shafts. High-silica rolling shutter doors with extremely high fire resistance are installed outside the fireproof elevator doors on each floor. The surface of the rolling shutter doors is then sprayed with fireproof and heat-insulating coatings and fire-extinguishing coatings. When the temperature sensor and smoke sensor on the fire floor detect values ​​that reach the temperature threshold of 50°C or the set smoke concentration threshold, the control box in the elevator room sends a closing command to the high-temperature floor elevator rolling shutter door motor. The rolling shutter door automatically drops to the bottom of the commonly used elevator call box and stops no longer falling or rising. At this time, the fireproof rolling shutter door can block the middle and upper 2 / 3 of the area of ​​the elevator door in the elevator lobby. High-temperature flames, high-temperature air and toxic smoke are all in the middle and upper parts of the room and elevator lobby. The rolling door can block more than 80% of high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and toxic smoke from entering the elevator car and elevator shaft. Only the relatively low-temperature hot air in the lower layer of the elevator lobby space enters the elevator shaft and car, protecting the people in the car from the strong direct impact of high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and toxic smoke when the car door is opened. It can also protect all equipment on the elevator from direct attacks by fire and high-temperature air. The high-silicon material rolling door outside the fireproof elevator door is the first important barrier to effectively block high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and toxic smoke, which plays a great role in protecting the passengers of the elevator and the various equipment and facilities of the elevator itself and electrical components. When people need to enter the car on the high-temperature floor, they need to bend over or crawl into the car. If the high-temperature flames and high-temperature air burn the high-temperature resistant synchronous belt in the rolling door track, the fireproof rolling door will not automatically retract, but will only be fixed in the position after landing and remain stationary, still able to block high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and toxic smoke from entering the car and elevator shaft. When the fire alarm is lifted and the temperature returns to normal, if the high-temperature resistant synchronous belt in the rolling door track is not burned by the high temperature, the control box automatically controls the rolling door motor to rotate upward and retract the rolling door.

[0046] The high-silica rolling door of the fireproof elevator car is the second important barrier that effectively blocks high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and toxic smoke from entering the car. A fireproof and high-temperature resistant high-silica rolling door is also installed on the inner side of one side of the fireproof elevator car door. The installation process and function are the same as those of the elevator rolling doors on each floor, but the car rolling door is lower than the rolling door in the elevator lobby on each floor. It is mainly to double protect the people already in the car from the direct impact of high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and toxic smoke, and avoid harm caused by the entry of people on the fire floor. It also helps to block a large amount of high-temperature air and toxic smoke from invading the car. Even if some of the high-temperature air enters the car with the people, it will be quickly discharged from the car under the synergistic effect of the high-pressure air device and the powerful exhaust fan. When the elevator enters the normal temperature zone, the roller shutter door in the car rises in advance, which is conducive to the escapees to quickly get out of the fireproof elevator car, and provides more and faster escape opportunities and precious time for the trapped people in the high temperature area. When the fireproof elevator car stops at the high temperature layer, the control box sends a command to the car roller shutter control motor to lower the roller shutter. The roller shutter stops when it drops to the set safe position again, waiting for the next command to raise the roller shutter, and so on.

[0047] 12. The two exhaust vents at the top and bottom of the elevator shaft are linked to dissipate heat from the elevator shaft and the car - the function is to cool down the elevator shaft and the fireproof elevator car at the same time, protecting the elevator facilities and lines in the elevator shaft. With the protection of the rolling shutter door on the elevator lobby, the high-temperature air and smoke that enter the elevator shaft will be greatly reduced, the degree of heat on the outer wall of the car will be greatly reduced, and the surface temperature of the fireproof elevator car will gradually return to normal as the temperature of the floors below the fire floor returns to normal. As the fireproof elevator door is closed, the two exhaust vents at the top and bottom of the elevator shaft will automatically open for exhaust under the control of the control box. The size of the exhaust vent should be 1 meter high and 0.5 meters wide. An automatic door is installed outside the exhaust vent, and a rat-proof net and a protective net are installed on the inside of the exhaust vent wall. The relatively low temperature air in the basement flows from bottom to top, taking away the high-temperature air in the elevator shaft to cool the elevator shaft. The lower temperature air will impact the bottom of the car and the outer walls around the car to cool the outside of the car. During the operation of the car to the floors below the fire floor, the temperature of the car shell will gradually return to normal. The temperature of the car shell has dropped and will not continue to conduct heat into the car. The board interlayer used to manufacture fireproof elevator cars is made of two materials: aerogel board and aluminum silicate insulation blanket, with the highest fireproof and thermal insulation grade. The thermal conductivity coefficient is only 0.012W / mK, the interlayer thickness is 8cm, and the total thickness of the composite board is 8.2cm, which can block high-temperature flames above 1000℃. After being blocked by the fireproof roller shutter door at the elevator door in the elevator lobby, the limited hot air and toxic smoke that enter the elevator shaft mix with the normal temperature air in the elevator shaft, and the temperature quickly drops below 100℃. This temperature will not affect the fireproof elevator car and the fireproof wires, cables and other facilities in the elevator shaft. This cycle repeats itself, and the temperature of the elevator shaft quickly returns to normal, and the temperature in the fireproof elevator car will not rise. When a fire occurs, people on the fire floor and in the high temperature area enter the fireproof elevator car, which is equivalent to entering a safe space, providing the safest life protection for people escaping in the fireproof elevator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is the distribution diagram of fire shutter doors, information display screens, emergency call boxes, and storage boxes at the elevator door. Figure 2 It is a horizontal cross-section diagram of a fireproof elevator car and elevator shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] When a fire occurs in a building, high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and a large amount of toxic smoke will fill the fire area and are likely to spread to the elevator lobby on the fire floor. The stairwells and elevator shafts will be upward passages for high-temperature air and toxic smoke. At this time, escaping through the stairs on floors above the fire floor is not the best escape route. Escaping through a fireproof elevator is the best option.

[0050] Normally, people on all floors of a building can use fire elevators, but in the event of a fire, high-temperature flames and toxic smoke will only rise through the elevator shaft and stairwells, and will not descend. Therefore, in principle, people on the fire floor and above the fire floor have priority to use fire elevators to escape, and people on floors below the fire floor should evacuate via stairs and fire passages.

[0051] Due to the excellent fireproof and heat-insulating functions of fireproof elevators, when a fire occurs in a building, within one hour from the start of the fire (in the event of a power outage in the building, the power of the backup battery can generally only meet the power consumption of an elevator power system for one hour. If the original power supply system of the elevator is not out of power, it can continue to run for several hours), the escapees can safely take the elevator to escape when they see the display screen above the elevator call box showing that the elevator has remaining running time and the font is green. Fireproof elevators provide escapees with extremely safe space and escape routes.

[0052] In the early stage of a fire, when the flames and thick smoke are in a relatively sealed and small area and have not spread to the elevator lobby, the fireproof elevator is definitely safe and can be used with confidence. When the fire spreads to the elevator lobby, the fireproof rolling shutter doors installed outside the fireproof elevator door, the fire extinguishing coating applied on the surface of the elevator door and the door decoration materials can prevent the flame from developing at the elevator entrance. In about 10 minutes, the hot flames will gradually consume the fire extinguishing layer, and the fire extinguishing layer will also release a large amount of carbon dioxide and other fire extinguishing gases due to high temperature reaction. The released carbon dioxide and other gases not only have a fire extinguishing effect, preventing the flame from spreading to the elevator car and elevator shaft, but also take away most of the heat on the surface of the rolling shutter doors, the door bodies and decorative materials of the fire floor. Before the fire extinguishing coating is consumed, the temperature of the elevator doors and decorative materials on the fire floor basically does not rise much, which can completely block the high-temperature gas from entering the elevator shaft. When the fire extinguishing coating loses its effect after being baked by high-temperature flame for a long time, the fire-resistant coating on the surface and the fire-resistant and heat-insulating material in the middle of the fire-resistant elevator floor door can block the flame and heat from entering the car and the elevator shaft. However, when someone opens the elevator door and takes the elevator to escape, heat waves, flames and thick smoke will flow into the car and part of the elevator shaft from under the fire-resistant roller shutter door at the open elevator door. As the escapees enter the car, the floor door and car door are closed, which will block the flame, high-temperature gas and smoke from entering the elevator car. When high-temperature air and thick smoke enter the car, the temperature sensor and smoke sensor installed on the top of the car will quickly give an alarm. The information processing center of the air booster device in the car sends a signal. Any of the two signals can start the high-pressure gas cylinder valve control motor installed on the top of the car, and the valve will be automatically opened. As a large amount of high-pressure pollution-free air is released in the car, the hot oxygen-deficient air and toxic smoke will gradually be driven out of the car from the gaps in the car, so that the air temperature and air quality in the car will quickly return to normal. At the same time, the released compressed air will replenish the car with appropriate concentration of oxygen. The compressed air will also absorb a lot of heat in the car when it expands in the car, which is conducive to cooling the interior of the car. When the two sensors on the top of the car detect that the air indicators in the car are normal, the information processing center issues a valve closing command, and the high-pressure gas cylinder valve of the car air booster device is closed, and the supply of pollution-free compressed air to the car is stopped, so as to save the limited stored air for use when the car is invaded by high-temperature air and thick smoke again.

[0053] In the early stage of a fire, the building may not lose power. As time goes on, short circuits may occur in electrical appliances or power wires on the fire floor. Many fires are even caused by short circuits in wires. Short circuits in wires are very likely to cause power outages in the entire building. At this time, the power outage automatic switch to the backup power supply device in the machine room will respond immediately, and all the power consumption of the elevator will be automatically switched to the backup battery power supply. The battery power will be converted from 220v to 380v three-phase power supply through a matching inverter to continue to supply power to the entire power system of the elevator. The original 220v electrical equipment can be directly and automatically connected to the battery. The fireproof elevator is based on each power supply. The total power consumption of the elevator and its emergency power equipment is measured. A high-power and large-capacity battery is equipped to supply power for the fire elevator and emergency power equipment for more than one hour. Starting from the start of the elevator using the backup battery power supply, the computer room electrical control box will transmit the battery power consumption countdown to the display on the elevator call box on each floor. The countdown is one hour in total. When the countdown is over, the battery power is basically exhausted. If you take the elevator again at this time, the elevator will stop running at any time due to power outage. Therefore, it is not recommended to escape through the fire elevator after the countdown is over. However, under normal circumstances, there is one hour, which is enough time for all personnel on the fire floor and the floors above the fire floor to evacuate.

[0054] When a fire breaks out on a floor in a building, and the fire or high-temperature air and smoke flow into the elevator lobby, the temperature sensor and smoke sensor installed on the floor will immediately send a signal to the control box in the machine room. The information processing center of the control box will immediately send instructions to the two exhaust vent control motors at the top and bottom of the elevator shaft, and open the two exhaust vents at the top and bottom of the elevator shaft at the same time to ventilate and dissipate heat in the elevator shaft. At this time, the chimney effect of the elevator shaft can quickly discharge the high-temperature air and smoke in the elevator shaft out of the elevator shaft, so that the high-temperature air will not cause damage to the wires and cables and other facilities and electrical equipment in the elevator shaft, and will not affect the stable operation of the elevator. At the same time, a descending instruction is sent to the control motor of the fireproof elevator fire shutter door, and the fire shutter door descends to the bottom of the common elevator call box and stops, blocking the high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and smoke in the elevator lobby from impacting the elevator door, and blocking most of the high-temperature flames and high-temperature air from entering the elevator shaft through the gap of the elevator door. Send a start-up instruction to the refrigerator, so that the refrigerator starts to work, opens the refrigeration valve of the fire floor, and cools down the door opening system and elevator call box and emergency elevator call box buttons on the fire floor.

[0055] When the elevator door on the fire floor or the high-temperature floor above the fire floor is opened, the button signal will also be transmitted to the machine room control box. At this time, the control box will send a closing command to the two exhaust vent door switch control motors at the top and bottom of the elevator shaft. The two exhaust vent doors are closed to weaken the chimney effect of the elevator shaft and minimize the large amount of flames, high-temperature air, and toxic smoke entering the elevator shaft. When the elevator door on the fire floor or the high-temperature floor is closed, the control box sends an opening command to the two exhaust vent door switch control motors. The exhaust vent doors are opened to quickly discharge the high-temperature air that rushes into the elevator shaft when the door is opened from the exhaust vents at the top of the fireproof elevator shaft. This cycle is repeated, and the temperature in the elevator shaft rises very little, and will gradually drop to normal temperature as the hot air is continuously discharged, without causing damage to all components and facilities of the fireproof elevator in the elevator shaft.

[0056] The elevator car, all wires, cables, electrical component housings and electrical equipment inside and outside the car and in the elevator shaft, as well as all links such as rotating, sliding and belt parts are made of highly fireproof and heat-insulating materials, or protected by fireproof and high-temperature materials. The degree of fire resistance and high temperature resistance is basically between 800℃ and 1500℃. The temperature that rushes into the car and elevator shaft for a short time will not exceed 300℃, and the time is short, the heat is limited, and the limited hot air is mixed with the normal temperature air in the elevator shaft and car. The mixed temperature will quickly drop below 70 degrees, so it will rush into the fireproof elevator car and elevator shaft. The high-temperature flame and air will not cause damage to all parts of the elevator, and will not affect the smooth operation of the elevator. After the elevator door is closed, the combined effect of the fireproof rolling shutter door, the elevator door with extremely excellent fireproof and heat-insulating effects, and the high-temperature resistant silicone strips that dynamically seal the gaps in the elevator door can completely block the flame, high-temperature air and toxic smoke, and the mixed air temperature is further reduced to a level close to room temperature. The exhaust and heat dissipation functions of the fireproof elevator's car and elevator shaft will quickly discharge the heat that invades the car and elevator shaft, and basically have no impact on the elevator operation. People on the fire floor and high-temperature floor can rest assured to take the fireproof elevator to escape.

Claims

1. Use fireproof and heat-insulating materials to manufacture elevator cars.

2. Use fire-proof and high-temperature resistant wires and cables to supply power to the elevator's electrical appliances.

3. Use batteries as the backup power supply for the elevator. When the elevator loses power, it will automatically switch to the backup battery power supply, so that the elevator can continue to run for a certain period of time using the battery power.

4. The gaps between elevator doors and doors, and between doors and door frames, are dynamically sealed with high-temperature resistant silicone.

5. Use high-pressure gas containers to store air and release it into the elevator car at special moments.

6. The wires connecting the various electrical components of the elevator are protected by fire-proof and high-temperature resistant casing.

7. Use the temperature sensor to send temperature signals to the controller.

8. Use the smoke sensor to send smoke concentration signals to the controller.

9. Use motors and reducers to control the opening and closing of high-pressure gas container valves.

10. Use an air pipe to connect the high-pressure gas container valve and the elevator car to supply compressed air to the elevator car.

11. Various electrical components should be cooled while taking measures to prevent fire and insulate them.

12. Use high temperature resistant transparent materials to protect the lighting fixtures in the car.

13. Elevator rotating parts use high temperature resistant bearings.

14. The door opener uses a high temperature resistant synchronous belt to drive the elevator door to open and close.

15. The fire shutter door uses a high temperature resistant synchronous belt to drive the fire shutter door to rise and fall.

16. Use high temperature resistant lubricating oil to lubricate the elevator's running, sliding and friction parts.

17. Use high-strength, high-temperature resistant plastic as the elevator guide shoe lining.

18. The distances between the upper and lower openings of the outer metal frame of the guide shoe lining and the guide rail are slightly larger than the distance between the shoe lining and the guide rail, and the metal frame at the upper opening is turned upward and then outward, while the metal frame at the lower opening is turned downward and then outward.

19. Use an inverter to convert the battery voltage into the required three-phase 380V power supply for use in elevators and supporting emergency equipment.

20. Pre-buried pipes are placed in the walls of the elevator shaft for elevator wires, cables, and cooling air pipes to pass through.

21. High-pressure gas containers are protected by fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and the insulation materials are then protected by metal shells.

22. The junction between the inner wall and the outer wall of the elevator car is connected with hard high-strength fire-proof and heat-insulating plastic.

23. The outer wall of the elevator car is coated with high-temperature fire extinguishing material.

24. The top of the elevator shaft is covered with fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

25. Pour high temperature resistant fireproof insulation materials under the elevator shaft roof.

26. The elevator room is covered with fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

27. Automatically supply high temperature resistant lubricating oil to guide shoes and guide rails at high temperatures.

28. The door opening system uses fireproof and heat-insulating materials for fireproof and heat-insulating protection.

29. The car door opening system uses a cooling device to cool down.

30. The heat generated by the cooling device of the car door opening system is dissipated into the car.

31. The top of the car is raised to serve as a fire barrier to prevent flames and heat waves from burning the facilities on the top of the car.

32. When a fire occurs in a building, cool down the door opening system, elevator call box, display screen, and buttons on the fire floor and high-temperature floor.

33. The elevator call box display screen shows the battery power, the temperature in the car, the temperature of each floor, the compressed air pressure, and whether the elevator can operate normally.

34. The cables between the elevator call boxes on each floor and the control box in the machine room are parallel to the cooling pipes from the machine room to each floor. The cables and cooling pipes are wrapped together with fireproof and heat-insulating materials. While cooling the floor door openers and contract box buttons, the cables are also cooled.

35. Open heat dissipation vents on the top wall and the bottom wall of the elevator shaft, and take rat-proof measures.

36. Install electric doors at the heat dissipation outlets on the top and bottom of the elevator shaft, and use a reduction motor to control the opening and closing of the electric doors.

37. The elevator doors on each floor are linked to the electric doors of the heat dissipation vents at the top and bottom of the elevator shaft. When the elevator doors on the fire floor are opened, the electric doors of the heat dissipation vents are closed to reduce the heat absorption into the elevator shaft. When the elevator doors on the fire floor are closed, the electric doors of the heat dissipation vents are opened to speed up the heat discharge from the elevator shaft.

38. The accompanying cables are protected by fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

39. Fire-proof, heat-insulating and fire-extinguishing coatings shall be sprayed on the surfaces of elevator doors, door frames and decorative materials around the elevator doors on each floor.

40. The decorative materials around the elevator doors on each floor are installed and fixed with high-temperature resistant adhesive. The back of the decorative materials, the inner layer of the door frame, and the door wall are evenly coated with high-temperature resistant adhesive. High-temperature resistant cloth is then attached to the back surfaces of the three coated with high-temperature resistant adhesive to form a solid combination.

41. Use fireproof and heat-insulating materials to fill the cavity enclosed by the elevator door frames, doorway decoration materials and doorway solid walls on each floor, seal the fireproof and heat-insulating materials with boards, and then weld or anchor the boards to the door frames and doorway solid walls.

42. Use stainless steel wire rope as elevator traction rope.

43. An emergency standby elevator call box is installed above the ground below the elevator call box, and an emergency standby control panel is installed in the car above the car floor below the control panel in the car.

44. The outer surface of the elevator shaft wall is protected by fireproof and heat-insulating materials from top to bottom.

45. Fireproof and heat-insulating rolling shutter doors are installed inside the elevator car door and at the elevator doors on each floor.

46. ​​The fireproof and heat-insulating rolling shutter doors installed at the elevator doors on each floor are controlled by a controller. They will automatically drop when the fire is hot, preventing high-temperature flames, high-temperature air and thick smoke from entering the elevator car and elevator shaft.

47. An exhaust fan is installed in the upper part of the car, which will automatically open and close due to the influence of temperature and smoke.

48. The main bodies of the elevator traction machine driven wheel and the elevator car driven wheel are made of metal material and sprayed with fire-proof and heat-insulating coating, and the grooves in contact with the traction rope are inlaid with fire-proof and high-temperature resistant plastics.

49. Install easy-to-open storage boxes near the elevator doors in the elevator lobby to store fire blankets and bottled water.

50. An easy-to-open storage box is installed in the elevator car to store fire blankets and bottled water.

Images