Ion thermoelectric gel and preparation method thereof, and application of ion thermoelectric gel in thermal management of photovoltaic cell

Abstract

The invention relates to an ionic thermoelectric gel, a preparation method and an application in photovoltaic cell thermal management, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic cell thermal management, the preparation method of the ionic thermoelectric gel comprises the following steps: mixing polyvinyl alcohol particles with deionized water, and heating to a transparent state to prepare a PVA aqueous solution; adding ethanol, stirring and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to prepare a PVA-ethanol aqueous solution; repeatedly freezing and thawing to prepare PVA hydrogel; and immersing in an electrolyte mixed solution, and standing to obtain the ionic thermoelectric gel. The ion thermoelectric gel is applied to a thermal management system, a solar photovoltaic-ion thermoelectric gel thermal management system is obtained, the technical problems that current photovoltaic waste heat utilization is difficult and efficiency is low are solved, efficient thermal management and low-grade waste heat gradient utilization of photovoltaic cells are achieved, and the solar energy utilization efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of photovoltaic cells, and in particular to an ionic thermoelectric gel and a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof in thermal management of photovoltaic cells. Background Art

[0002] my country has a vast territory and abundant solar energy resources, with an annual radiation of more than 5000MJ / m², and has huge potential for photovoltaic power generation. Due to the bandgap limitation, thermalization and recombination of photovoltaic materials, photovoltaic cells can only use limited solar energy in the ultraviolet / visible light band to convert into electrical energy, while more than 80% of solar energy is converted into low-grade waste heat, which causes its temperature to rise, reducing conversion efficiency and operating life. If it is at a high temperature for a long time, it will cause permanent structural damage to the photovoltaic cell and increase the system operation and maintenance costs.

[0003] Traditional semiconductor thermoelectric materials are based on the Seebeck effect, using the directional migration of carriers (electrons or holes) to output electrical energy. However, due to the inherent properties of precious metals or rare metals, their high cost, high thermal resistance, and low Seebeck coefficient (less than 200μV / K) limit their large-scale application.

[0004] Compared with traditional semiconductor thermoelectric materials, ionic thermoelectric hydrogels have a higher Seebeck coefficient based on the thermoelectrochemical effect, can effectively utilize low-grade waste heat, and directly output electrical energy through temperature-induced reversible redox reactions. They may become a key path to solving the problem of high thermal load and low efficiency of photovoltaic cells. However, existing ionic thermoelectric hydrogels generally have low ionic conductivity, difficulty in regeneration after evaporation and water loss, and difficulty in effectively regulating the evaporation rate. In view of the above technical problems, it is urgent to develop a new photovoltaic thermal management system based on ionic thermoelectric hydrogels. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ionic thermoelectric gel and a preparation method thereof and its application in thermal management of photovoltaic cells, aiming to solve the current technical problems of difficulty in utilizing photovoltaic waste heat and low efficiency.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for preparing an ionic thermoelectric gel, which adopts the following technical scheme: An ionic thermoelectric gel and a preparation method thereof and application in thermal management of photovoltaic cells, comprising the following preparation steps: S1. Mix the polyvinyl alcohol particles with deionized water, heat in a water bath to 90° C., and heat for 30 minutes until transparent to obtain a PVA aqueous solution; S2, adding ethanol to the PVA aqueous solution obtained in step S1, stirring and ultrasonically treating, to obtain a PVA-ethanol aqueous solution; S3, dripping the PVA-ethanol aqueous solution obtained in step S2 into the mold, placing it in a freezer, and repeatedly freezing and thawing to obtain a PVA hydrogel; S4, heating the PVA hydrogel prepared in step S3 at 60°C, and immersing it in LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte mixed solution is allowed to stand to obtain an ionic thermoelectric gel.

[0007] Preferably, the ratio of the PVA aqueous solution in step S1 is 10%-20% by mass.

[0008] Preferably, the proportion of ethanol in the PVA-ethanol aqueous solution in step S2 is 5%-40% by mass.

[0009] Preferably, the temperature of the freezing chamber in step S3 is -20°C, the number of freeze-thaw cycles is 3-5 times, the single freezing time is 12 hours, and the room temperature time is 6 hours.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of LiCl, LiBr and EMIM:DCA in the LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte mixture in step S4 is 1:1:1; LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte mixture LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte mixed solution accounts for 5-20%; K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The concentration of the electrolyte solution is 0.01-0.4 mol / L.

[0011] In addition, an ionic thermoelectric gel prepared by the above preparation method is also provided.

[0012] In addition, the invention also provides an application of ionic thermoelectric gel in thermal management of photovoltaic cells, including a thermal management system, wherein the thermal management system comprises: A photovoltaic module, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic panel, a thermally conductive silica gel and a thermally conductive ceramic distributed in layers from top to bottom; The ionic thermoelectric hydrogel assembly is installed on the side of the thermally conductive ceramic away from the thermally conductive silica gel. The ionic thermoelectric hydrogel assembly includes an ionic thermoelectric gel, an acrylic partition frame, an electrode mesh and a wire. The ionic thermoelectric gel is placed in the acrylic partition frame, the electrode mesh is distributed on both sides of the ionic thermoelectric gel, and the wire is connected to the electrode mesh in contact with each group of ionic thermoelectric gels.

[0013] Preferably, the electrode mesh includes any one of a titanium mesh and a nickel mesh.

[0014] In summary, the present invention includes the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The ionic thermoelectric gel in this application uses polyvinyl alcohol to provide a solid network skeleton, K 3 Fe(CN) 6 and K 4 Fe(CN) 6 As a reactive ion pair, LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA has high hydrophilicity. As a water collector, it can give the hydrogel better water retention and flexibility. Ethanol is a pore structure regulator of PVA hydrogel. Compared with traditional semiconductor thermoelectric materials, ionic thermoelectric gel has significant advantages such as low cost, high performance and flexibility. It has the functions of effective water collection and efficient thermoelectric conversion, which can effectively reduce the cost of thermal management system and improve the efficiency of low-grade waste heat power generation.

[0015] 2. The thermal management system in this application includes a photovoltaic module and an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel module, wherein the ionic thermoelectric gel is connected in series through an electrode mesh electrode and distributed on the thermally conductive ceramic of the photovoltaic module to effectively utilize the photovoltaic waste heat; its operating mechanism is divided into two stages: during the day, the ionic thermoelectric gel cools down by evaporating water to achieve efficient cooling, and converts the low-grade waste heat from the photovoltaic cell into electrical energy, realizing efficient thermal management and energy cascade utilization of the photovoltaic cell, and improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation; at night, the ionic thermoelectric gel can automatically absorb moisture from the surrounding air, allowing the moisture to re-enter the gel to achieve rapid regeneration. In the process of water evaporation and adsorption, the ionic thermoelectric gel can achieve the dual functions of temperature control and power generation through evaporation cooling and thermoelectric effect, making full use of the low-grade waste heat generated by photovoltaic cells, realizing the cascade utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy, and further improving the energy conversion efficiency.

[0016] 3. The thermal management system in this application combines the high ionic conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and water-vapor phase change temperature control performance of ionic thermoelectric hydrogel to achieve efficient thermal management of photovoltaic cells and cascade utilization of low-grade waste heat, significantly improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the thermoelectric performance of the thermal management systems prepared in Examples 1-4 of the present application and Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal management system of this application.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel assembly of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the working process of the thermal management system in this application.

[0020] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. Photovoltaic panel; 2. Thermally conductive silica gel; 3. Thermally conductive ceramic; 4. Ionic thermoelectric gel; 5. Wire; 6. Acrylic partition frame; 7. Electrode mesh. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings.

[0022] Example 1 A method for preparing an ionic thermoelectric gel comprises the following steps: 1) Mix the polyvinyl alcohol particles with deionized water, place in a 90°C water bath and heat for 30 minutes until transparent to obtain 50 mL of 15 wt% PVA aqueous solution; 2) Add 10 wt% ethanol to the PVA aqueous solution obtained in step 1), place the mixed colloid on a magnetic stirring table and stir for 30 min, then perform ultrasonic degassing to obtain a PVA-ethanol solution; 3) Drop the PVA-ethanol solution obtained in step 2) into a 8 cm × 8 cm mold, place it in a freezer, and repeat the cycle of "freezing at -20°C for 12 hours and room temperature for 6 hours" for 5 times to obtain PVA hydrogel; 4) Prepare 10 wt% LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte solution as water collector and prepare 50mL 0.2mol / L K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 Electrolyte solution, mixed LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte solution and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte solution was LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 An electrolyte mixed solution is used as a soaking solution; The mass ratio of LiCl, LiBr and EMIM:DCA is 1:1:1; LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte mixture LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte mixed solution accounts for 5-20%; 5) The PVA hydrogel prepared in step 3) was heated in an oven at 60°C for 1 h to expand the pore structure of the PVA hydrogel through the evaporation process of ethanol and water, providing a wider ion transport channel, and then immersed in the LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K prepared in step 4). 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 After standing in the electrolyte mixed solution for 5 hours, an ionic thermoelectric gel with both effective water collection capacity and high-efficiency thermoelectric conversion was obtained.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 The ionic conductivity of the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel is 10.2mS / cm, and the Seebeck coefficient is 1.8mV / K. It completely loses water in a 60ºC environment for 6 hours. When placed in a room temperature environment, it can collect water again and has the ability to collect lost water.

[0024] Example 2 A method for preparing an ionic thermoelectric gel comprises the following steps: 1) Mix the polyvinyl alcohol particles with deionized water, place in a 90°C water bath and heat for 30 minutes until transparent to obtain 50 mL of 15 wt% PVA aqueous solution; 2) Add 20 wt% ethanol to the PVA aqueous solution obtained in step 1), place the mixed colloid on a magnetic stirring table and stir for 30 min, then perform ultrasonic degassing to obtain a PVA-ethanol solution; 3) Drop the PVA-ethanol solution obtained in step 2) into a 8 cm × 8 cm mold, place it in a freezer, and repeat the cycle of "freezing at -20°C for 12 hours and room temperature for 6 hours" for 5 times to obtain PVA hydrogel; 4) Prepare 10 wt% LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte solution as water collector and prepare 50mL 0.1mol / L K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 Electrolyte solution, mixed LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte solution and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN)6 The electrolyte solution was LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 An electrolyte mixed solution is used as a soaking solution; The mass ratio of LiCl, LiBr and EMIM:DCA is 1:1:1; LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte mixture LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte mixed solution accounts for 5-20%; 5) The PVA hydrogel prepared in step 3) was heated in an oven at 60°C for 1 h to expand the pore structure of the PVA hydrogel through the evaporation process of ethanol and water, providing a wider ion transport channel, and then immersed in the LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K prepared in step 4). 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 After standing in the electrolyte mixed solution for 5 hours, an ionic thermoelectric gel with both effective water collection capacity and high-efficiency thermoelectric conversion was obtained.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 The ionic conductivity of the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel is 10.5mS / cm, and the Seebeck coefficient is 2.0mV / K. It completely loses water in a 60ºC environment for 6 hours. When placed in a room temperature environment, it can collect water again and has the ability to collect lost water.

[0026] Example 3 A method for preparing an ionic thermoelectric gel comprises the following steps: 1) Mix the polyvinyl alcohol particles with deionized water, place in a 90°C water bath and heat for 30 minutes until transparent to obtain 50 mL of 15 wt% PVA aqueous solution; 2) Add 30 wt% ethanol to the PVA aqueous solution obtained in step 1), place the mixed colloid on a magnetic stirring table and stir for 30 min, then perform ultrasonic degassing to obtain a PVA-ethanol solution; 3) Drop the PVA-ethanol solution obtained in step 2) into a 8 cm × 8 cm mold, place it in a freezer, and repeat the cycle of "freezing at -20°C for 12 hours and room temperature for 6 hours" for 5 times to obtain PVA hydrogel; 4) Prepare 10 wt% LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte solution as water collector and prepare 50 mL 0.1 mol / L K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 Electrolyte solution, mixed LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte solution and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte solution was LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 An electrolyte mixed solution is used as a soaking solution; The mass ratio of LiCl, LiBr and EMIM:DCA is 1:1:1; LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte mixture LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte mixed solution accounts for 5-20%; 5) The PVA hydrogel prepared in step 3) was heated in an oven at 60°C for 1 h to expand the pore structure of the PVA hydrogel through the evaporation process of ethanol and water, providing a wider ion transport channel, and then immersed in the LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K prepared in step 4). 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 After standing in the electrolyte mixed solution for 5 hours, an ionic thermoelectric gel with both effective water collection capacity and high-efficiency thermoelectric conversion was obtained.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 The ionic conductivity of the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel is 12.4 mS / cm, and the Seebeck coefficient is 2.2 mV / K. It completely loses water in a 60ºC environment for 6 hours. When placed in a room temperature environment, it can collect water again and has the ability to collect lost water.

[0028] Example 4 A method for preparing an ionic thermoelectric gel comprises the following steps: 1) Mix the polyvinyl alcohol particles with deionized water, place in a 90°C water bath and heat for 30 minutes until transparent to obtain 50 mL of 15 wt% PVA aqueous solution; 2) Add 40 wt% ethanol to the PVA aqueous solution obtained in step 1), place the mixed colloid on a magnetic stirring table and stir for 30 min, then perform ultrasonic degassing to obtain a PVA-ethanol solution; 3) Drop the PVA-ethanol solution obtained in step 2) into a 8 cm × 8 cm mold, place it in a freezer, and repeat the cycle of "freezing at -20°C for 12 hours and room temperature for 6 hours" for 5 times to obtain PVA hydrogel; 4) Prepare 10 wt% LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte solution as water collector and prepare 50mL 0.1mol / L K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 Electrolyte solution, mixed LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte solution and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte solution was LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 An electrolyte mixed solution is used as a soaking solution; The mass ratio of LiCl, LiBr and EMIM:DCA is 1:1:1; LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte mixture LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 The electrolyte mixed solution accounts for 5-20%; 5) The PVA hydrogel prepared in step 3) was heated in an oven at 60°C for 1 h to expand the pore structure of the PVA hydrogel through the evaporation process of ethanol and water, providing a wider ion transport channel, and then immersed in the LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K prepared in step 4). 3 Fe(CN) 6 / K 4 Fe(CN) 6 After standing in the electrolyte mixed solution for 5 hours, an ionic thermoelectric gel with both effective water collection capacity and high-efficiency thermoelectric conversion was obtained.

[0029] Reference Figure 1The ionic conductivity of the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel is 16.5mS / cm, and the Seebeck coefficient is 2.3mV / K. It completely loses water in a 60ºC environment for 6 hours. When placed in a room temperature environment, it can collect water again and has the ability to collect lost water.

[0030] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The ionic thermoelectric gel prepared in Examples 1-4 is applied to thermal management of photovoltaic cells, including a thermal management system, which includes a photovoltaic module and an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel module.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic panel 1, a thermally conductive silica gel 2 and a thermally conductive ceramic 3 which are arranged in layers from top to bottom. The ionic thermoelectric hydrogel module is installed on the side of the thermally conductive ceramic 3 away from the thermally conductive silica gel 2. The ionic thermoelectric hydrogel module includes an ionic thermoelectric gel 4, an acrylic partition frame 6, an electrode mesh 7 and a wire 5. 25 pieces of ionic thermoelectric gel 4 are placed in the acrylic partition frame 6 respectively. The electrode mesh 7 is distributed on both sides of the ionic thermoelectric gel 4. The wire 5 is connected to the electrode mesh 7 in contact with each group of ionic thermoelectric gel 4. The wire 5 is connected in series with each group of ionic thermoelectric gel 4 in a "z" shape. The electrode mesh 7 in this embodiment 2 is either a titanium mesh or a nickel mesh.

[0032] Reference Figure 4 In this application, the operation mechanism of the thermal management system is divided into two stages: during the day, the ion thermoelectric gel 4 can achieve efficient cooling by cooling through water evaporation, and its excellent ion thermoelectric performance can effectively convert the low-grade waste heat from the photovoltaic cell into electrical energy, realizing efficient thermal management and energy cascade utilization of photovoltaic cells, and improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency; at night, the ion thermoelectric gel 4 can automatically absorb moisture from the surrounding air due to the strong hydrophilic properties of the microphase solution in the polymer, so that the moisture re-enters the gel to achieve rapid regeneration. In the process of water evaporation and adsorption, the ion thermoelectric gel 4 can achieve the dual functions of temperature control and power generation through evaporation cooling and thermoelectric effect, making full use of the low-grade waste heat generated by photovoltaic cells, realizing the cascade utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy, and further improving the energy conversion efficiency.

[0033] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 A method for preparing an ionic thermoelectric gel, which is different from Example 3 in that ethanol is not used to regulate the PVA aqueous solution, and the remaining steps are the same as those of Example 3.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 The ionic thermoelectric gel prepared in Comparative Example 1 has an ionic conductivity of 5.1 mS / cm and a Seebeck coefficient of 1.6 mV / K. It completely loses water in a 60ºC environment for 6 hours and can be restored to collect water when placed in a room temperature environment, showing the ability to collect water after it has been lost.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 A method for preparing an ionic thermoelectric gel, which is different from Example 3 in that no LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA water collector is added, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 The ionic thermoelectric gel prepared in Comparative Example 3 has an ionic conductivity of 8.5 mS / cm and a Seebeck coefficient of 1.5 mV / K. It completely loses water in a 60°C environment for 6 hours and cannot be restored when placed in a room temperature environment, that is, it does not have the function of losing water.

[0037] The ionic thermoelectric gel prepared in Comparative Example 1-2 is applied in a thermal management system.

[0038] Performance Testing The ionic thermoelectric gels prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present application were applied to a thermal management system, and were placed under 30% humidity and 1 h of natural light to test their thermal management performance. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0039]

[0040] It can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1 that the water loss rates of Examples 1-4 are all lower than those of Comparative Example 1, among which Example 4 performs the best, which is only 16%, indicating that increasing the proportion of ethanol can significantly improve its water retention performance, while Comparative Example 2 does not add a water retaining agent and its gel loses water too quickly, resulting in its lack of thermal management capability.

[0041] The photovoltaic temperatures in Examples 1-4 are all lower than those in Comparative Example 1, with Example 4 having the best effect, which is only 43.5 K, indicating that increasing the proportion of ethanol can significantly improve its thermal management ability. In Comparative Example 2, no water-retaining agent is added, and its hydrogel is severely dehydrated, resulting in a significant decrease in thermal conductivity. It does not have the ability of thermal management and even deteriorates heat transfer.

[0042] The efficiency of the photovoltaic-ionic thermoelectric hydrogel systems of Examples 1-4 was effectively improved, among which Example 4 had the best effect, reaching 21.6%, indicating that increasing the proportion of ethanol can significantly improve its thermoelectric performance, which is related to its higher ionic conductivity / Seebeck coefficient.

[0043] In summary, the thermal management system proposed in this application combines solar photovoltaics and ionic thermoelectric hydrogels, has good thermal management capabilities and system efficiency, and has good stability, maintaining stable operation for a long time, and has significant advancement and creativity.

[0044] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an ionic thermoelectric gel, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: S1. Mix the polyvinyl alcohol particles with deionized water, heat in a water bath to 90° C., and heat for 30 minutes until transparent to obtain a PVA aqueous solution; S2, adding ethanol to the PVA aqueous solution obtained in step S1, stirring and ultrasonically treating, to obtain a PVA-ethanol aqueous solution; S3, dripping the PVA-ethanol aqueous solution obtained in step S2 into the mold, placing it in a freezer, and repeatedly freezing and thawing to obtain a PVA hydrogel; S4. Heat the PVA hydrogel obtained in step S3 at 60° C., immerse it in a mixed solution of LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K3Fe(CN)6 / K4Fe(CN)6 electrolyte, and let it stand to obtain an ionic thermoelectric gel.

2. The method for preparing the ionic thermoelectric gel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The proportion of the PVA aqueous solution in step S1 is 10%-20% by mass.

3. The method for preparing the ionic thermoelectric gel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The proportion of ethanol in the PVA-ethanol aqueous solution in step S2 is 5%-40% by mass.

4. The method for preparing the ionic thermoelectric gel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the freezing chamber in step S3 is -20°C, the number of freeze-thaw cycles is 3-5 times, the single freezing time is 12 hours, and the room temperature time is 6 hours.

5. The method for preparing the ionic thermoelectric gel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of LiCl, LiBr and EMIM:DCA in the LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte mixture in step S4 is 1:1:1; The LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA electrolyte mixture accounts for 5-20% in the LiCl / LiBr / EMIM:DCA and K3Fe(CN)6 / K4Fe(CN)6 electrolyte mixture; The concentration of K3Fe(CN)6 / K4Fe(CN)6 electrolyte solution is 0.01-0.4 mol / L.

6. An ionic thermoelectric gel prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. An application of the ionic thermoelectric gel of claim 6 in thermal management of photovoltaic cells, characterized in that: A thermal management system is included, the thermal management system comprising, A photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module comprising a photovoltaic panel (1), a thermally conductive silica gel (2) and a thermally conductive ceramic (3) arranged in layers from top to bottom; An ionic thermoelectric hydrogel assembly is installed on a side of the thermally conductive ceramic (3) facing away from the thermally conductive silica gel (2), the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel assembly comprising an ionic thermoelectric gel (4), an acrylic partition frame (6), an electrode mesh (7) and a wire (5), the ionic thermoelectric gel (4) being respectively placed in the acrylic partition frame (6), the electrode mesh (7) being distributed on both sides of the ionic thermoelectric gel (4), and the wire (5) being connected to the electrode mesh (7) in contact with each group of ionic thermoelectric gels (4).

8. The application of the ionic thermoelectric gel in thermal management of photovoltaic cells according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The electrode mesh (7) comprises any one of a titanium mesh and a nickel mesh.

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