A hydraulic ejector

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic ejectors and discloses a hydraulic ejector comprising an ejector body, wherein centralizers are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the ejector body, a liquid inlet pipe connected to the ejector body is connected to the centralizer at the top of the ejector body, and a pressure pipe is connected to the ejector body. The present invention enables the ejector to sense pressure changes caused by nozzle wear in real time by arranging the cooperation between a piston and an elastic member, and automatically triggers nozzle adjustment and switching actions after detecting that the system pressure drops to a preset threshold, thereby effectively improving the continuity and reliability of the hydraulic ejection operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic ejectors, in particular to a hydraulic ejector. Background Art

[0002] Hydraulic jet fracturing technology is an engineering measure widely used in low-permeability, tight oil and gas reservoirs and coalbed methane well production enhancement operations. Its basic principle is to use a high-pressure pump to spray fracturing fluid through a nozzle at high speed onto the surface of the formation rock, achieve rock cracking through strong impact flow, and further use continuous high-pressure liquid to promote crack expansion. At the same time, proppant is transported to maintain crack conductivity, thereby improving the seepage channel between the wellbore and the reservoir and increasing oil and gas production capacity.

[0003] In this type of operation, nozzles are key components in the formation of hydraulic jets. Their jet efficiency and direction control directly impact crack morphology and operational effectiveness. Because nozzles are often exposed to high pressures exceeding tens of megapascals and are flushed with large quantities of high-hardness particles (such as quartz sand), they are susceptible to wear, which can lead to enlarged orifice diameters, misaligned jet direction, or decreased velocity. This can cause crack deflection, reduced operational efficiency, and even failure. Therefore, nozzle wear management and efficient switching are key to ensuring the quality of hydraulic jetting operations.

[0004] Prior art, such as patent CN117627611A, discloses a directional hydraulic jet acid fracturing device that uses a damping ball to move under fluid pressure to sequentially open and close multiple jet holes, thereby adaptively adjusting the number of nozzles based on changes in fluid flow. While this solution can somewhat alleviate issues such as pump blockage or insufficient jet speed, it operates based on overall flow control and cannot respond in real time to the actual wear status of individual nozzles. This can lead to issues such as nozzles becoming severely worn and failing to switch nozzles in a timely manner, compromising operational stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a hydraulic ejector, which aims to alleviate the above problems at least to a certain extent.

[0006] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A hydraulic ejector comprises an ejector body, wherein a centralizer is respectively provided at the top and bottom of the ejector body, the centralizer at the top of the ejector body is connected to a liquid inlet pipe connected to the ejector body, a pressure pipe is connected to the ejector body, a switching chamber is formed between the pressure pipe and the ejector body, an outer wall of the ejector body is provided with an injection port a connected to the switching chamber, a plurality of nozzles are provided in the switching chamber, a connecting ring is fixed to the outer wall of the pressure pipe, an injection port b is provided on the connecting ring, a connecting plate is provided in the switching chamber, the nozzles are provided on the connecting plate, a piston is provided in the pressure pipe, an elastic member is provided between the piston and the pressure pipe, and an ejection mechanism is provided between the piston and the injection port a, the mechanism can push the piston down to a predetermined position when the pressure in the pressure pipe reaches a preset value, release the nozzle corresponding to the injection port a, and make it sleeved in the injection port a, a switching mechanism is provided between the piston and the connecting plate, when the pressure in the pressure pipe drops to a preset value, the piston rises to a preset position, causing the connecting plate to move downward accordingly.

[0008] Preferably, the injector body comprises an upper shell and a lower shell, which are fastened together by threads, and the injection port a is opened at the junction of the upper shell and the lower shell.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of mounting openings are provided on the connecting plate, and the nozzle is sleeved in the mounting openings and fastened with bolts.

[0010] Preferably, the switching mechanism includes a limit bracket connected to the outer wall of the pressure pipe, two transverse rods are slidably connected to the limit bracket, the bottom of the piston is connected to a vertical rod a, one end of the vertical rod a extends into the cavity between the pressure pipe and the injector body, and is rotatably connected to a connecting rod a, the other end of the connecting rod a is rotatably connected to the transverse rod, and the transverse rod is also rotatably connected to a connecting rod b, one end of the connecting rod b is rotatably connected to a vertical rod b, a switching frame is provided on the top of the vertical rod b, a snap-in piece is provided on the switching frame, a plurality of snap-in grooves adapted to the snap-in piece are opened on the side wall of the connecting plate, and a spring a is connected between the two transverse rods.

[0011] Preferably, the clamping piece is slidably connected to the switching frame, and a spring b is connected between the clamping piece and the switching frame.

[0012] Preferably, the switching mechanism also includes a gear a provided on the nozzle, a ratchet mechanism is provided between the gear a and the nozzle, a slide rail a is connected to the connecting ring, the slide rail a includes an oblique section and a straight section, and a rack a adapted to the gear a is slidably connected to the slide rail a.

[0013] Preferably, the switching mechanism is capable of rotating the nozzle before switching the nozzle;

[0014] The switching mechanism also includes a guide cylinder rotatably connected to the limit bracket, the outer wall of the guide cylinder is provided with a spiral opening, the first section of the spiral opening is provided with a straight opening, the transverse rod is connected to a guide rod corresponding to the straight opening, one end of the guide cylinder is connected to a gear b, one side of the slide rail a is connected to the slide rail b, the slide rail b is slidably connected to a connecting frame, one end of the connecting frame is connected to a rack b meshing with the gear b, and the other end is connected to a telescopic rod, and the telescopic shaft of the telescopic rod is connected to the rack a.

[0015] Preferably, the ejection mechanism includes a base bolted to the mounting port, the nozzle is slidably connected to the base, and a spring c is connected to the base.

[0016] Preferably, a connecting groove is provided on the lower shell body, an ejection frame is slidably connected to the connecting groove, a spring d is connected between the ejection frame and the connecting groove, a connecting rod c is rotatably connected to the bottom of the ejection frame, a connecting rod a is connected to the bottom of the connecting rod c, and a connecting rod b is connected to the vertical moving rod a, which extends into the connecting groove and contacts the connecting rod a.

[0017] Preferably, a connecting shaft slidably connected to the vertical moving rod b is connected to the bottom of the switching frame, and a spring e is connected between the connecting shaft and the vertical moving rod b.

[0018] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] This invention, through the coordination of a piston and an elastic member, enables the injector to sense pressure changes caused by nozzle wear in real time. Upon detecting a drop in system pressure to a preset threshold, it automatically triggers nozzle adjustment and switching, effectively improving the continuity and reliability of hydraulic jetting operations. Compared to existing solutions that rely on manual judgment or timed switching of multiple nozzles, this invention utilizes automatic hydraulic response, eliminating complex control systems and enabling immediate identification and processing of nozzle wear. This provides a more timely and accurate response, significantly improving operational efficiency.

[0020] In this invention, before the nozzle switches, the piston drives the currently used nozzle body to rotate at an angle during its ascent, allowing the sprayed liquid to flush areas of the nozzle's inner wall that haven't been severely worn, avoiding continued action on areas with existing severe wear. This rotational adjustment mechanism effectively restores the nozzle's flow resistance characteristics, stabilizes the injection pressure, extends the service life of the current nozzle, and significantly reduces the number of premature nozzle switching. Through multiple rotational fine-tuning, the nozzle can disperse force and flushing in different areas, significantly improving the overall durability of a single nozzle.

[0021] Unlike conventional nozzle switching methods that rely solely on direct nozzle switching after wear, this invention incorporates a rotation adjustment process before nozzle switching. This not only fully utilizes the remaining intact area of the nozzle, avoiding resource waste, but also maintains the stability of the jet direction during operation, preventing abnormal crack orientation caused by jet deviation, thereby ensuring the continuity and controllability of the production stimulation operation. The overall structural design of this invention is compact, the operation logic is natural, and both rotation adjustment and nozzle switching are automatically triggered by pressure changes. The mechanical operation is reliable, eliminating the need for complex electronic control systems, and is particularly suitable for hydraulic jet fracturing operations in oil and gas wells under high-pressure, high-sand environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point a;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connecting ring structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the card slot of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the switching mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the traverse rod of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point b in the middle;

[0031] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the slide rail a and the slide rail b of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the connecting shaft structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12 yes Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at point c in the middle.

[0034] Reference numerals:

[0035] 100, ejector body; 101, centralizer; 102, liquid inlet pipe; 103, pressure pipe; 104, ejection port a; 105, nozzle; 106, connecting ring; 107, ejection port b; 108, connecting plate; 109, piston; 110, elastic member; 111, upper shell; 112, lower shell; 113, mounting port;

[0036] 200, limit bracket; 201, transverse rod; 202, vertical rod a; 203, connecting rod a; 204, connecting rod b; 205, vertical rod b; 206, switching frame; 207, connecting piece; 208, connecting groove; 209, spring a; 210, spring b;

[0037] 300, gear a; 301, slide rail a; 302, oblique section opening; 303, straight section opening; 304, rack a; 305, guide cylinder; 306, spiral opening; 307, straight section opening; 308, guide rod; 309, rack b; 310, slide rail b; 311, connecting frame; 312, telescopic rod; 313, gear b;

[0038] 400, base; 401, spring c; 402, connecting groove; 403, ejector frame; 404, spring d; 405, connecting rod c; 406, connecting rod a; 407, connecting rod b; 408, connecting shaft; 409, spring e. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] refer to Figures 1-12A hydraulic ejector includes an ejector body 100, wherein the top and bottom of the ejector body 100 are respectively provided with a centralizer 101, the centralizer 101 at the top of the ejector body 100 is connected to a liquid inlet pipe 102 connected to the ejector body 100, a pressure pipe 103 is connected to the ejector body 103, an ejection port a104 connected to a switching chamber is opened on the outer wall of the ejector body 100, a plurality of nozzles 105 are provided in the switching chamber, the ejection port a104 corresponds to one of the nozzles 105, a connecting ring 106 is fixed to the outer wall of the pressure pipe 103, an ejection port b107 connected to one of the nozzles 105 is opened on the connecting ring 106, a connecting plate 108 is provided in the switching chamber, and the connecting plate 108 is slidably connected to the ejection port b107. The nozzle 105 is mounted on the connecting ring 106 and the connecting plate 108. A piston 109 is installed in the pressure pipe 103. An elastic member 110 is installed between the piston 109 and the pressure pipe 103. A ejection mechanism is installed between the piston 109 and the injection port a104. When the pressure in the pressure pipe 103 reaches a preset value, the mechanism pushes the piston 109 down to a predetermined position, releasing the nozzle 105 corresponding to the injection port a104 so that it is sleeved in the injection port a104. A switching mechanism is installed between the piston 109 and the connecting plate 108. When the pressure in the pressure pipe 103 drops to a preset value, the piston 109 rises to a preset position, causing the connecting plate 108 to move downward, thereby triggering the switching of the nozzle 105. The switching mechanism can rotate the nozzle 105 before switching the nozzle 105.

[0041] With the above arrangement, during the initial operation, high-pressure fluid enters the injector body 100 from the outside through the liquid inlet pipe 102. At this point, the nozzle 105 is in good condition, and the spraying effect is stable. The pressure in the pressure pipe 103 is maintained within a preset range. The piston 109 is driven to a predetermined position by the pressure, securely positioning the nozzle 105 over the injection port a 104, and normal operation begins.

[0042] As the spraying operation progresses, nozzle 105 continuously contacts the high-pressure liquid and carried particles (such as quartz sand), causing nozzle wear to accumulate. This wear increases the nozzle aperture, reduces the jet flow rate, and also affects the pressure within pressure pipe 103. As the nozzle wears, the resistance to the jet flow decreases, resulting in a drop in the overall flow pressure of the sprayer.

[0043] In the present application, the setting of the piston 109 can detect this pressure change in real time. The piston 109 senses the change in pressure and automatically rises to a preset position. At this time, the next spare nozzle 105 is released through the switching mechanism and installed in the injection port a104, thereby realizing the automatic switching of the nozzle 105. This switching mechanism effectively avoids the decrease in injection efficiency after the nozzle 105 is worn, and ensures the stability of the jet stream. Compared with the traditional multi-nozzle solution, the present invention automatically triggers the switching of the nozzle 105 through pressure changes, can flexibly deal with the problem of unstable injection caused by nozzle wear, does not rely on manual intervention or preset programs, responds more promptly, and switches more accurately.

[0044] Furthermore, because the nozzle 105 is fixed in position during use, the high-speed flow of the sprayed liquid can cause concentrated scouring of specific areas of the nozzle's inner wall, leading to localized wear. Over time, wear of the inner wall in this localized area gradually intensifies, and the flow path cross-section changes, causing a turbulent jet pattern and reduced flow resistance, ultimately causing a drop in the system's overall spray pressure. Based on this phenomenon, the present invention utilizes changes in spray pressure as an indirect detection signal for nozzle 105 wear, and designs an automatic switching mechanism for the nozzle 105 driven by piston 109.

[0045] During the initial operation, the pressure pipe 103 within the injector body 100 maintains high pressure, the piston 109 is held in a downward position by the high-pressure fluid, the connecting plate 108 is locked, and the injection port a104 is aligned with the first nozzle 105, maintaining normal and stable injection. At this point, since the nozzle 105 is not significantly worn, the injection energy is concentrated and the jet direction is stable, effectively ensuring the initiation and propagation of cracks in the downhole rock. As the injection operation continues, local wear on the inner wall of the nozzle 105 increases. When wear causes a decrease in flow resistance, the system detects that the pressure has fallen below a preset threshold, and the piston 109 begins to rise under the action of the elastic member 110. During the upward movement of the piston 109, the present invention also incorporates a rotating member that drives the nozzle 105 currently in use to rotate. This rotational motion allows the injected liquid to re-flushed areas of the nozzle 105's inner wall that are not severely worn, avoiding further application to previously worn areas. This, to a certain extent, restores the flow resistance characteristics of the nozzle 105, stabilizes the injection pressure, and extends the service life of the current nozzle 105. This rotation adjustment can not only promptly compensate for the abnormal jet flow caused by local wear, but also significantly reduce the number of times the spare nozzle 105 is switched in advance due to local damage, thereby improving the continuity of operation and the efficiency of system use.

[0046] When, after multiple rotation adjustments, the overall wear of the nozzle 105 accumulates to a certain extent and rotation can no longer improve the spraying effect, the present invention further switches to a standby nozzle 105 by resetting the piston 109 and activating the switching mechanism, ensuring that the spraying operation continues. The present invention detects the pressure changes caused by local wear of the nozzle 105, combines the upward movement of the piston 109 to drive the nozzle 105 body to rotate and adjust, and fully extends the service life of the current nozzle 105 before the nozzle 105 is switched, reducing the number of nozzle 105 switching times, improving the stability and economy of the spraying operation, and is particularly suitable for hydraulic jet fracturing scenarios with high pressure and high load continuous operation.

[0047] As a further solution of the present invention, the injector body 100 includes an upper shell 111 and a lower shell 112, which are fastened together by threads, and the injection port a104 is opened at the junction of the upper shell 111 and the lower shell 112;

[0048] The injector body 100 is composed of an upper shell 111 and a lower shell 112, which are fastened together by threads. This robust structure facilitates overall processing and assembly, effectively ensuring the seal and mechanical strength of the injector body 100 in high-pressure environments, thereby enhancing the device's pressure resistance and operational reliability. The injection port a104 is located at the junction of the upper and lower shells 111, 112, facilitating its installation, calibration, and subsequent maintenance. This facilitates precise alignment of the injection port with the internal nozzle 105 during assembly or maintenance, ensuring consistent and stable jet flow direction.

[0049] As a further solution of the present invention, a plurality of mounting openings 113 are provided on the connecting plate 108, and the nozzles 105 are sleeved in the mounting openings 113 and fastened together by bolts;

[0050] Through the above arrangement, a plurality of mounting openings 113 are provided on the connecting plate 108. Each nozzle 105 is respectively mounted within a corresponding mounting opening 113 and secured by bolts, thereby achieving a reliable and stable connection between the nozzle 105 and the connecting plate 108, effectively preventing the risk of the nozzle 105 loosening, deflecting, or even falling off due to high-pressure shock or vibration during the spraying operation. The use of bolt fastening not only improves the firmness and safety of the installation of the nozzle 105, but also facilitates the subsequent replacement and maintenance of the nozzle 105. When the nozzle 105 is worn or fails, it can be quickly disassembled and replaced by simply loosening the bolts, thereby improving maintenance efficiency.

[0051] As a further solution of the present invention, the switching mechanism includes a limit bracket 200 connected to the outer wall of the pressure pipe 103, two transverse rods 201 are slidably connected to the limit bracket 200, the bottom of the piston 109 is connected to a vertical rod a202, one end of the vertical rod a202 extends into the cavity between the pressure pipe 103 and the injector body 100, and is rotatably connected to a connecting rod a203, the other end of the connecting rod a203 is rotatably connected to the transverse rod 201, the transverse rod 201 is also rotatably connected to a connecting rod b204, one end of the connecting rod b204 is rotatably connected to a vertical rod b205, a switching frame 206 is provided on the top of the vertical rod b205, and a snap-on piece 207 is provided on the switching frame 206, a plurality of snap-on grooves 208 adapted to the snap-on piece 207 are opened on the side wall of the connecting plate 108, and a spring a209 is connected between the two transverse rods 201;

[0052] Through the above arrangement, when liquid enters the pressure pipe 103 and the piston 109 is displaced downward by pressure, it can move the vertical rod a202 on it downward, and through the connecting rod a203, the two transverse rods 201 can slide horizontally along the limit bracket 200. At this time, the connecting rod b204 is forced to rotate and lift the switching frame 206. When the switching frame 206 rises, the connecting piece 207 on it can contact the connecting groove 208. When the piston 109 moves downward to a predetermined position, the connecting piece 207 is engaged in one of the connecting grooves 208. As the operation progresses, the nozzle 105 is subjected to long-term erosion by high-pressure liquid and proppant particles, and local areas of its inner wall gradually wear out. This causes the injection flow path to change, the system flow resistance to decrease, and thus the liquid pressure in the pressure pipe 103 to drop. When the pressure drops to a preset threshold, the piston 109 begins to move upward under the action of the elastic member 110. At this point, the vertical rod a202 moves upward with the piston 109, pulling the connecting rod a203 back and causing the two transverse rods 201 to slide in opposite directions along the limiting bracket 200. As the transverse rod 201 slides, the connecting rod b204 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction, and the vertical rod b205 moves downward along with the connecting rod b204, driving the switching frame 206 to descend as a whole. As the switching frame 206 descends, the engaging piece 207 engaged in the engaging slot 208 can move the connecting plate 108 downward by cooperating with the engaging slot 208, thereby causing the connecting plate 108 to move a fixed step length along the pressure pipe 103. As the connecting plate 108 moves downward, the nozzle 105 originally aligned with the injection port a104 exits the spraying position. The next backup nozzle 105 then precisely aligns with the injection port a104 as the connecting plate 108 moves, switching the nozzle 105 position.

[0053] As a further solution of the present invention, the card piece 207 is slidably connected to the switching frame 206, and a spring b210 is connected between the card piece 207 and the switching frame 206;

[0054] Through the above arrangement, the clip 207 is slidably connected to the switching frame 206, and springs b210 are provided between adjacent clips 207, allowing the clip 207 to elastically expand and contract relatively independently on the switching frame 206. This design provides the clip 207 with a certain floating buffering capacity during the movement of the switching frame 206. When the clip 207 contacts or disengages from the connecting groove 208 of the connecting plate 108, it can automatically adapt to the position difference of the connecting plate 108, ensuring a smoother and gentler engagement and avoiding jamming, impact, or component damage caused by rigid contact. When replacing a damaged nozzle 105, the upper shell 111 or lower shell 112 can be rotated to separate them, exposing structural components such as the vertical and horizontal rods 201, making it easier to move the clip 207 out of the connecting groove 208. In this state, the operator can freely adjust the position of the connecting plate 108 to complete the removal of the damaged nozzle 105 and the installation of a new nozzle 105.

[0055] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the switching mechanism further includes a gear a300 provided on the nozzle 105, a ratchet mechanism being provided between the gear a300 and the nozzle 105, a slide rail a301 being connected to the connecting ring 106, the slide rail a301 including an oblique section 302 and a straight section 303, and a rack a304 being slidably connected to the slide rail a301 and adapted to the gear a300;

[0056] Through the above arrangement, during initial operation, the piston 109 is displaced downward by pressure, and the rack a304 provided at this time can be displaced downward and slide within the slide rail a301. In the initial state, the rack a304 is not engaged with the gear a300. When the rack a304 slides on the slide rail a301 to the end of the inclined section 302, it can engage with the gear a300. As the rack a304 continues to move downward, it can slide within the straight section 303 and drive the gear a300 to rotate. The ratchet mechanism provided allows the gear a300 to idle on the outer wall of the nozzle 105 without affecting the position of the nozzle 105, avoiding the problem of interference with the nozzle 105 due to the need to cooperate with the injection port a104. Subsequently, due to the drop in pressure in the pressure pipe 103, the piston 109 begins to move upward under the action of the elastic member 110, driving the rack a304 to slide in the opposite direction along the slide rail a301. During the upward movement of the rack a304, since the rack a304 and the gear a300 are in meshing state, the movement of the rack a304 can continue to drive the gear a300 to rotate. Since a ratchet mechanism is provided between the gear a300 and the nozzle 105, the ratchet mechanism allows the gear a300 to drive the nozzle 105 body to rotate at an angle when the piston 109 rises. When the nozzle 105 is about to leave the injection port a104, the rack a304 can slide in the inclined section 302 on the slide rail a301, leaving the nozzle 105 and the gear a300, avoiding subsequent interference with the switching of the nozzle 105. Through the above-mentioned rotation action, the local inner wall area of the nozzle 105 that was originally concentratedly flushed by the liquid is offset, and the sprayed liquid can flush the area of the inner wall of the nozzle 105 that has not been severely worn, thereby restoring the symmetry and injection resistance of the nozzle 105 flow channel to a certain extent, maintaining the stability of the jet direction, and extending the service life of the nozzle 105.

[0057] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the switching mechanism further includes a guide cylinder 305 rotatably connected to the limiting bracket 200, the outer wall of the guide cylinder 305 being provided with a spiral opening 306, the first section of the spiral opening 306 being provided with a straight section opening 307, a guide rod 308 corresponding to the straight section opening 307 being connected to the transverse rod 201, one end of the guide cylinder 305 being connected to a gear b313, one side of the slide rail a301 being connected to a slide rail b310, a connecting frame 311 being slidably connected to the slide rail b310, one end of the connecting frame 311 being connected to a rack b309 meshing with the gear b313, and the other end being connected to a telescopic rod 312, the telescopic axis of the telescopic rod 312 being connected to the rack a304;

[0058] Through the above arrangement, when the traverse rod 201 slides laterally on the limiting bracket 200, the guide rod 308 connected to the traverse rod 201 can be accurately inserted into the straight section opening 307 provided on the outer wall of the guide cylinder 305. As the traverse rod 201 moves further, the guide rod 308 slides along the straight section opening 307 and eventually enters the starting section of the spiral opening 306. Since the spiral opening 306 is distributed in a spiral line, as the guide rod 308 continues to slide along the spiral opening 306, it can force the guide cylinder 305 to rotate on the limiting bracket 200. The linear sliding action of the traverse rod 201 is converted into the rotational motion of the guide cylinder 305. The rotation of the guide cylinder 305 can cause the connecting frame 311, the telescopic rod 312 and the rack a304 to move downward through the gear b313 and the rack b309. Conversely, as the piston 109 returns to its upward position, the traverse rod 201 slides in the opposite direction, causing the guide rod 308 to move in the opposite direction along the spiral opening 306, and the guide cylinder 305 to rotate in the opposite direction. This reverse rotation of the guide cylinder 305 also drives the rack b 309, the connecting frame 311, and the telescopic rod 312 to move upward, further adjusting the angle of the nozzle 105 and ensuring that the spray flow continuously acts on the unworn area of the nozzle 105 inner wall.

[0059] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the ejection mechanism includes a base 400 bolted to the mounting opening 113, the nozzle 105 slidably connected to the base 400, and a spring c401 connected to the base 400. The lower housing 112 is provided with a connecting groove 402, an ejection frame 403 slidably connected to the connecting groove 402, a spring d404 connected between the ejection frame 403 and the connecting groove 402, a connecting rod c405 rotatably connected to the bottom of the ejection frame 403, a connecting rod a406 connected to the bottom of the connecting rod c405, and a connecting rod b407 connected to the vertical displacement rod a202, which extends into the connecting groove 402 and contacts the connecting rod a406.

[0060] With the above arrangement, in the initial state, spring d404 is in tension. When piston 109 moves downward, it also moves vertical rod a202 downward. This rod is connected to connecting rod a406 via the extended connecting rod b407, further driving connecting rod c405. At this point, spring d404 releases its potential energy, allowing ejector bracket 403 to slide within connecting groove 402, freeing it from contact with nozzle 105. This allows nozzle 105 to engage with nozzle port a104, securing its position. As the operation continues, nozzle 105, under the constant flow of high-pressure liquid and proppant particles, gradually wears in certain areas, reducing the injector's flow resistance and, in turn, causing the liquid pressure within pressure pipe 103 to drop. When the pressure drops to a preset threshold, piston 109, under the action of elastic member 110, begins to move upward, driving vertical rod a202 and its connected connecting rods b407 and a406 upward, returning them to their original positions. The connecting rod c405 rotates in the opposite direction under the action of the connecting rod a406, so that the ejection frame 403 can press the nozzle 105, so that the nozzle 105 can be separated from the injection port a104, thereby achieving the purpose of allowing the nozzle 105 to be switched smoothly.

[0061] As a further solution of the present invention, the bottom of the switching frame 206 is connected to a connecting shaft 408 that is slidably connected to the vertical moving rod b205, and a spring e409 is connected between the connecting shaft 408 and the vertical moving rod b205;

[0062] With this arrangement, when the piston 109 descends, the switching frame 206 ascends, allowing the engaging piece 207 on the switching frame 206 to engage with the engaging groove 208. As the piston 109 ascends, the ejector frame 403 also has not returned to its origin, as the piston 109 has not yet returned to its origin. This means that the currently operating nozzle 105 is still partially within the ejection port a104 and cannot be disengaged from the ejection port a104. While the piston 109 is still ascending, the spring e409 provided therein functions, stretching the spring e409 as the vertical shift rod b205 moves downward without affecting the position of the switching frame 206, thus preventing motion interference. When the piston 109 moves upward to the origin, the ejector frame 403 returns completely to its original position, allowing the nozzle 105 to completely leave the injection port a104. The potential energy of the spring e409 is released, allowing the switching frame 206 to move downward and the position of the connecting plate 108 to move the spare nozzle 105 to the position of the injection port a104. At this time, the spare nozzle 105 is in good condition. As the piston 109 continues to move downward under pressure, the vertical shift rod a202 moves downward synchronously, and the ejector frame 403 is re-driven through the connecting rod mechanism, allowing the nozzle 105 to be sleeved in the injection port a104 under the force of the spring c401, restoring the system to normal injection operation. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hydraulic ejector, comprising an ejector body (100), wherein the top and bottom of the ejector body (100) are respectively provided with a centralizer (101), the centralizer (101) at the top of the ejector body (100) is connected to a liquid inlet pipe (102) connected to the ejector body (100), a pressure pipe (103) is connected to the ejector body (100), a switching chamber is formed between the pressure pipe (103) and the ejector body (100), an ejection port a (104) connected to the switching chamber is opened on the outer wall of the ejector body (100), and a plurality of nozzles (105) are provided in the switching chamber, characterized in that: A connecting ring (106) is fixed to the outer wall of the pressure pipe (103), and a spray port b (107) is provided on the connecting ring (106). A connecting plate (108) is provided in the switching chamber, and the nozzle (105) is provided on the connecting plate (108). A piston (109) is provided in the pressure pipe (103), and an elastic member (110) is provided between the piston (109) and the pressure pipe (103). A ejection mechanism is provided between the piston (109) and the spray port a (104). When the pressure in the pressure pipe (103) reaches a preset value, the mechanism can push the piston (109) down to a predetermined position, thereby releasing the spray port a (104) corresponding to the nozzle. The nozzle (105) is sleeved in the injection port a (104); when the pressure in the pressure pipe (103) drops to a preset value, the piston (109) rises to a preset position, causing the connecting plate (108) to move downward; a plurality of mounting openings (113) are provided on the connecting plate (108); the nozzle (105) is sleeved in the mounting openings (113) and is fastened by bolts; the ejection mechanism includes a base (400) bolted to the mounting openings (113); the nozzle (105) is slidably connected to the base (400), and a spring c (401) is connected to the base (400); A switching mechanism is provided between the piston (109) and the connecting plate (108), the switching mechanism comprising a limit bracket (200) connected to the outer wall of the pressure pipe (103), two transverse rods (201) being slidably connected to the limit bracket (200), a vertical rod a (202) being connected to the bottom of the piston (109), one end of the vertical rod a (202) extending into the cavity between the pressure pipe (103) and the injector body (100), and being rotatably connected to a connecting rod a (203), the connecting rod a (203) The other end is rotatably connected to the transverse rod (201), and the transverse rod (201) is also rotatably connected to a connecting rod b (204). One end of the connecting rod b (204) is rotatably connected to a vertical rod b (205). A switching frame (206) is provided on the top of the vertical rod b (205), and a clamping piece (207) is provided on the switching frame (206). The side wall of the connecting plate (108) is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves (208) adapted to the clamping piece (207). A spring a (209) is connected between the two transverse rods (201).

2. A hydraulic ejector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injector body (100) comprises an upper shell (111) and a lower shell (112), which are fastened together by threads, and the injection port a (104) is provided at the junction of the upper shell and the lower shell.

3. A hydraulic ejector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping piece (207) is slidably connected to the switching frame (206), and a spring b (210) is connected between the clamping piece (207) and the switching frame (206).

4. A hydraulic ejector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The switching mechanism further comprises a gear a (300) provided on the nozzle (105), a ratchet mechanism being provided between the gear a (300) and the nozzle (105), a slide rail a (301) being connected to the connecting ring (106), the slide rail a (301) comprising an oblique section opening (302) and a straight section opening (303), and a rack a (304) adapted to the gear a (300) being slidably connected to the slide rail a (301).

5. A hydraulic ejector according to claim 4, characterized in that: The switching mechanism is capable of rotating the spray head (105) before switching the spray head (105); The switching mechanism also includes a guide cylinder (305) rotatably connected to the limiting bracket (200), the outer wall of the guide cylinder (305) is provided with a spiral opening (306), the first section of the spiral opening (306) is provided with a straight section opening (307), the transverse rod (201) is connected to a guide rod (308) corresponding to the straight section opening (307), one end of the guide cylinder (305) is connected to a gear b (313), one side of the slide rail a (301) is connected to a slide rail b (310), a connecting frame (311) is slidably connected to the slide rail b (310), one end of the connecting frame (311) is connected to a rack b (309) meshing with the gear b (313), and the other end is connected to a telescopic rod (312), the telescopic shaft of the telescopic rod (312) is connected to the rack a (304).

6. A hydraulic ejector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower shell (112) is provided with a connecting groove (402), an ejection frame (403) is slidably connected in the connecting groove (402), a spring d (404) is connected between the ejection frame (403) and the connecting groove (402), the bottom of the ejection frame (403) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod c (405), the bottom of the connecting rod c (405) is connected to a connecting rod a (406), and the vertical displacement rod a (202) is connected to a connecting rod b (407) extending into the connecting groove (402) and in contact with the connecting rod a (406).

7. A hydraulic ejector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the switching frame (206) is connected to a connecting shaft (408) that is slidably connected to the vertical shift rod b (205), and a spring e (409) is connected between the connecting shaft (408) and the vertical shift rod b (205).

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