High-step multi-layer mining device and method for surface mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface mine high-step multi-layer mining device and method.The surface mine high-step multi-layer mining device comprises Z-shaped conveyors installed on all mine steps and automatic guide vehicles installed on the mine steps on one sides of the Z-shaped conveyors through guide rails, and the head ends and the tail ends of every two vertically-adjacent Z-shaped conveyors are connected with each other; a collecting unit is installed at the top end of the automatic guided vehicle, and a right-angle rear frame is fixed to the tail of the automatic guided vehicle. Through cooperative operation of the automatic guide vehicle, the collecting unit, the right-angle rear frame, the double-shaft material moving module, the gear type hydraulic overturning discharging module and the Z-shaped conveyor, the multi-layer collecting process of the high step of the surface mine can be efficiently completed; wherein the automatic scheduling and transportation functions of the automatic guided vehicle enable the collection unit of each step to quickly convey the box filled with mineral aggregate to the Z-shaped conveyor, and due to the fact that the collection units do not interfere with one another in operation, the operation efficiency of the whole system is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining ore materials, and in particular to a high-step multi-layer mining device and method for an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] High-step multi-layered mining in open-pit mines is an efficient, safe and environmentally friendly ore mining method, which is widely used in mines with large ore bodies and thick ore layers. By mining the ore body in layers, the mining depth of each layer is usually small, which is conducive to the operation and transportation of the equipment, and ensures uniform extraction of ore, reduces the risk of ore body instability caused by large-scale mining, and realizes the control of mine stability through layer-by-layer advancement and scientific slope design, reduces rock instability caused by excessive mining, and ensures operation efficiency and normal operation of equipment by setting reasonable transportation channels and working platforms; such as an open-pit mine high-step multi-layered mining device and method disclosed in application publication number CN116971780A, including a mine body, a transportation channel is opened in the middle of the mine body, and a masonry wall is built on the inner side of the transportation channel, a cross is buried in the masonry wall, and the part of the cross extending to the outer side of the masonry wall is provided with an anti-slip surface, and the surface of the mine body is excavated with two groups of mining steps from top to bottom, and the two groups of mining steps are connected to the transportation channel The mine is connected to the main body of the mine, and a guardrail is fixed on the edge of each mining step, and one of the mining steps is provided with mining equipment. A transportation track is laid on the inner side of the transportation channel, which passes through the transportation channel obliquely opened in the middle of the mine body. The same mining steps are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the transportation channel, and a transportation cart installed on the transportation track in the transportation channel makes it possible for each mining step of the mine body to be connected to the transportation channel, so that the minerals mined from different mining steps can be integrated and transported by the transportation cart in the transportation channel. However, the above technical scheme mainly utilizes the transportation cart on the slope transportation track to unify the materials of the collection equipment on different mine steps and transport them downward. When multiple collection equipment all need to unload, the transportation cart needs to move one by one, which causes the collection equipment that has not unloaded to be in a shutdown state. The situation that multiple equipment could have been operated at the same time, but due to the limitation of the transportation cart, it leads to mutual dependence and waiting between the equipment, which not only wastes the mining time of the mine, but also increases the overall operation cycle and reduces the mining efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-step multi-layer mining device and method for an open-pit mine. A Z-shaped conveyor is arranged on each high step of the mine. The two Z-shaped conveyors connecting two step layers are in an end-to-end connection state and convey the collected ore. The automatic guided vehicle drives the collection unit and the right-angle rear frame to move to the mining point of the excavator. The collection unit stores the ore in the ore box of the rear frame. After the ore box is full, the automatic guided vehicle drives the right-angle rear frame and the ore box to the Z-shaped conveyor. Finally, a double-axis material transfer module and a gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module are used to dump the ore in the ore box into the Z-shaped conveyor. The Z-shaped conveyor conveys the ore collected by the collection unit at each mine step downward one by one to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an open-pit mine high-step multi-layer mining device and method, comprising a Z-shaped conveyor installed on each mine step and an automatic guided vehicle installed on the mine step on one side of the Z-shaped conveyor through a guide rail, the head and tail ends of the two upper and lower adjacent Z-shaped conveyors are connected to each other, a collection unit is installed on the top of the automatic guided vehicle, a right-angle rear frame is fixed at the rear of the automatic guided vehicle, and two symmetrical hangers are installed inside the right-angle rear frame, and the bottom ends of the two hangers are connected to each other. A ore box for containing ore is fixed, and a double-axis material shifting module for driving the hanger and the ore box to move in the X-axis and Z-axis directions is installed on the top of the right-angle rear frame. An inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame connected to the hanger is installed on the Z-axis moving end of the double-axis material shifting module, and a gear-type hydraulic flipping unloading module for controlling the unloading of the ore box is arranged on the left and right outer walls of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame. A control panel is installed on one side of the surface of the right-angle rear frame, and the output end of the control panel is electrically connected to the input end of the double-axis material shifting module and the gear-type hydraulic flipping unloading module.

[0005] Preferably, the collection unit is a six-axis robotic arm installed on the top of the automatic guided vehicle and a bucket installed at the end of the arm of the six-axis robotic arm.

[0006] Preferably, auxiliary wheels are rotatably mounted on both the left and right inner walls of the right-angle rear frame.

[0007] Preferably, the dual-axis material transfer module includes a circular frame installed at the top of the right-angle rear frame, an X-axis screw electric linear module installed at the top of the circular frame, and a slide plate installed at the moving end of the X-axis screw electric linear module, and a dual-rod Z-axis lifting structure is installed at the top of the slide plate, and the dual-rod Z-axis lifting structure is used to be interconnected with the top of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame.

[0008] Preferably, the double-rod Z-axis lifting structure includes a first hydraulic cylinder installed at the center position of the top of the skateboard and guide columns slidably installed on both sides of the top of the skateboard, the bottom end of the guide column is fixedly connected to the top of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame, and the bottom end of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder passes through the outside of the skateboard and is fixedly connected to the top of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame.

[0009] Preferably, a rectangular hollow portion for the double-rod Z-axis lifting structure to move is provided at the top of the circular frame, dovetail rails are fixed on both sides of the top of the circular frame, and a slide table for slidingly cooperating with the dovetail rails is fixed at the bottom of the slide.

[0010] Preferably, the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module includes a second hydraulic cylinder hingedly mounted on the outer wall of one side of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame, a main shaft and a secondary shaft rotatably mounted on the outer wall of one side of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame, and a connecting plate fixed to one end of the secondary shaft, a gear speed-increasing transmission structure for maintaining power connection is installed between the main shaft and the secondary shaft, a fisheye connecting rod is fixed to the bottom end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder, and the fisheye connecting rod and the gear speed-increasing transmission structure are hinged to each other.

[0011] Preferably, the gear speed increasing transmission structure includes a primary gear plate fixed at one end of the main shaft and a secondary gear fixed at the other end of the secondary shaft, the primary gear plate and the secondary gear are meshed with each other, and the fisheye connecting rod and one side outer wall of the primary gear plate are hinged to each other.

[0012] Preferably, C-shaped dust covers for covering the gear speed-increasing transmission structure, the main shaft and the secondary shaft are fixed on the left and right outer walls of the inverted U-shaped vertical frame.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for high-step multi-layer mining in an open-pit mine, such as the high-step multi-layer mining device in an open-pit mine as described above, comprising the following steps: S101: The staff arranges a Z-shaped conveyor on each of the multiple high steps of the open-pit mine, and keeps the head and tail sections of the two Z-shaped conveyors on two adjacent high steps connected, so that the multiple Z-shaped conveyors from top to bottom form a continuous and uninterrupted ore conveying line; S102: Workers arrange tracks on each high step to guide the automatic guided vehicle and the right-angle rear frame to move to the excavator's operating point. The automatic guided vehicle is equipped with a navigation system and can move autonomously according to the preset route of the track and safely reach the designated material collection point; S103: The collection unit is used to obtain the mineral materials that have been mined and accumulated by the excavator, and collect the mineral materials into the mineral material box on the right-angle rear frame; S104: When the collection unit completes excavation and loads the ore into the ore box, the automatic guided vehicle starts and moves the right-angle rear frame with the ore box to the unloading point where the Z-shaped conveyor is located. After the ore box is driven to the feeding starting point of the Z-shaped conveyor, the double-axis material shifting module controls the movement of the ore box on the X-axis and Z-axis until the ore box is driven above the feeding starting point of the Z-shaped conveyor, and the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module uses the power of the hydraulic system to control the flipping angle of the ore box. Once the ore enters the Z-shaped conveyor, it will be sent to the lower mine through a series of Z-shaped conveying sections.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the multi-layered mining device and method for high-step open-pit mines can efficiently complete the multi-layered mining process of high-step open-pit mines through the coordinated operation of an automatic guided vehicle, a collection unit, a right-angle rear frame, a double-axis material transfer module, a gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module and a Z-shaped conveyor, wherein the automatic scheduling and transportation functions of the automatic guided vehicle enable the collection unit of each step to quickly transport the box filled with ore to the Z-shaped conveyor, and since the operations between the collection units do not interfere with each other, the operating efficiency of the entire system is greatly improved, and the output of each collection unit will not be limited by a single transportation path or equipment, and between each step, the Z-shaped conveyor can receive and transport the ore sent by different collection units on multiple steps in real time, thereby improving the parallel operation capacity of the collection device, reducing downtime, and optimizing scheduling; The application of the double-axis material transfer module can move the ore box to the top of the Z-shaped conveyor through its double-axis movement. At the same time, the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module can quickly flip the ore box and dump it into the Z-shaped conveyor through the hydraulically driven flipping function, ensuring that the ore is unloaded in the shortest time and that the ore in the ore box can be completely poured out to avoid ore accumulation or retention. It can independently complete the unloading operation and reduce the need for manual intervention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The three-dimensional structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The three-dimensional structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 The three-dimensional structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of a plurality of Z-shaped conveyors in a connected state of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a dual-axis material transfer module according to the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the right-angle rear frame of the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a gear-type hydraulic turnover unloading module according to the third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle.

[0016] In the figure: 1. Automatic guided vehicle; 2. Six-axis robotic arm; 3. Bucket; 4. Right-angle rear frame; 401. Auxiliary wheel; 5. Z-shaped conveyor; 6. Control panel; 7. Double-axis material transfer module; 701. Reciprocating frame; 702. X-axis lead screw electric linear module; 703. Slide plate; 704. First hydraulic cylinder; 705. Guide column; 8. Inverted U-shaped vertical frame; 9. Gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module; 901. Second hydraulic cylinder; 9011. Fisheye connecting rod; 902. Main shaft; 903. Secondary shaft; 904. Gear speed increase transmission structure; 905. Connecting plate; 10. Hanger; 11. Ore box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1, by Figures 1 to 4 The present invention comprises a Z-shaped conveyor 5 installed on each mine step and an automatic guided vehicle 1 installed on the mine step on one side of the Z-shaped conveyor 5 through a guide rail, the head and tail ends of the two adjacent Z-shaped conveyors 5 are connected to each other, a collection unit is installed on the top of the automatic guided vehicle 1, a right-angle rear frame 4 is fixed at the rear of the automatic guided vehicle 1, and two symmetrical hangers 10 are installed inside the right-angle rear frame 4, and a ore box 11 for accommodating ore is fixed at the bottom of the two hangers 10. The function of the automatic guided vehicle 1 is not only to transport ore, but also to coordinate with other equipment such as a collection unit, a right-angle rear frame 4, etc., to ensure the smoothness of the entire mine operation process; A double-axis material shifting module 7 for driving the hanger 10 and the ore box 11 to move in the X-axis and Z-axis directions is installed at the top of the right-angle rear frame 4, an inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame 8 connected to the hanger 10 is installed at the Z-axis moving end of the double-axis material shifting module 7, and a gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module 9 for controlling the unloading of the ore box 11 is arranged on the left and right outer walls of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame 8, and a control panel 6 is installed on one side of the surface of the right-angle rear frame 4, and the output end of the control panel 6 is electrically connected to the input end of the double-axis material shifting module 7 and the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module 9; 1. Through parallel operation, multiple collection units can carry out ore excavation and loading at different levels at the same time, without being affected by gaps between equipment or transportation stagnation. This can not only reduce waiting time, but also improve the mining efficiency of each level. By using a plurality of continuously connected Z-shaped conveyors 5, space can be effectively utilized and the conveying efficiency of the ore can be improved. This conveying method can meet the needs of high-step mine operations and convey the ore stably and continuously downward; the Z-shaped conveyor 5 has strong adaptability in structure. It can not only meet the requirements of different step heights, but also maintain an efficient operating speed during operation; The collection unit is a six-axis mechanical arm 2 installed on the top of the automatic guided vehicle 1 and a bucket 3 installed at the end of the arm of the six-axis mechanical arm 2. When the automatic guided vehicle 1 moves to the excavator operation point, the six-axis mechanical arm 2 can move freely in three planes and can flexibly complete various complex actions. Compared with traditional mechanical equipment, the six-axis mechanical arm 2 can accurately control the angle and position of the bucket 3 to ensure accurate collection of mineral materials. The combination of the bucket 3 and the six-axis mechanical arm 2 can complete the collection and transportation of mineral materials in the shortest time, and send the mineral materials in the bucket 3 into the mineral material box 11 until the mineral material box 11 is full of mineral materials; Auxiliary wheels 401 are rotatably mounted on the left and right inner walls of the right-angle rear frame 4. When the automatic guided vehicle 1 moves along the track, the bottom end of the right-angle rear frame 4 maintains a shape with the ground through the auxiliary wheels 401, so that the entire device moves stably.

[0019] A high-bench multi-layered mining method for an open-pit mine in this embodiment, such as the above-mentioned rapid high-bench multi-layered mining device for an open-pit mine, comprises the following steps: S101: The staff arranges a Z-shaped conveyor 5 on each of the multiple high steps of the open-pit mine, and keeps the head and tail sections of the two Z-shaped conveyors 5 on two adjacent high steps connected, so that the multiple Z-shaped conveyors 5 from top to bottom form a continuous and uninterrupted ore conveying line; S102: The staff arranges a track on each high step for guiding the automatic guided vehicle 1 and the right-angle rear frame 4 to move to the excavator operation point. The automatic guided vehicle 1 is equipped with a navigation system and can move autonomously according to the preset route of the track and safely reach the designated material collection point; S103: The collection unit is used to obtain the mineral materials that have been mined and accumulated by the excavator, and collect the mineral materials into the mineral material box 11 on the right-angle rear frame 4; S104: When the collection unit completes the excavation and loads the mineral material into the mineral material box 11, the automatic guided vehicle 1 is started, and the right-angle rear frame 4 is moved with the mineral material box 11 to the unloading point where the Z-shaped conveyor 5 is located. After the mineral material box 11 is driven to the feeding starting point of the Z-shaped conveyor 5, the double-axis material shifting module 7 controls the movement of the mineral material box 11 on the X-axis and Z-axis until the mineral material box 11 is driven to above the feeding starting point of the Z-shaped conveyor 5, and the gear-type hydraulic flipping unloading module 9 uses the power of the hydraulic system to control the flipping angle of the mineral material box 11. Once the mineral material enters the Z-shaped conveyor, it will be sent to the lower mine through a series of Z-shaped conveying sections.

[0020] Embodiment 2, based on embodiment 1, Figure 5 and Figure 6 It is given that the double-axis material shifting module 7 includes a circular frame 701 installed on the top of the right-angle rear frame 4, an X-axis screw electric linear module 702 installed on the top of the circular frame 701, and a slide 703 installed on the moving end of the X-axis screw electric linear module 702, a double-rod Z-axis lifting structure is installed on the top of the slide 703, and the double-rod Z-axis lifting structure is used to be interconnected with the top of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame 8, and the double-rod Z-axis lifting structure includes a first hydraulic cylinder 704 installed at the center position of the top of the slide 703 and guide columns 705 slidably installed on both sides of the top of the slide 703, the bottom end of the guide column 705 is fixedly connected to the top of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame 8, and the bottom end of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 704 passes through the outside of the slide 703 and is fixedly connected to the top of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame 8; The top of the circular frame 701 is provided with a rectangular hollow part for the double-rod Z-axis lifting structure to move. Dovetail tracks are fixed on both sides of the top of the circular frame 701. The bottom of the slide plate 703 is fixed with a slide for sliding with the dovetail track. When the ore box 11 is full of ore, the automatic guided vehicle 1 drives the right-angle rear frame 4 and the ore box 11 to move to the position of the Z-shaped conveyor 5, and then the X-axis screw electric linear module 702 drives the slide plate 703, the hanger 10, the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module 9, and the ore The box 11 and other components are moved out from the right-angle rear frame 4 until the ore box 11 is located above the Z-shaped conveyor 5. At this time, the first hydraulic cylinder 704 drives the inverted U-shaped vertical frame 8, the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module 9, and the ore box 11 to move downward, thereby reducing the height difference between the ore box 11 and the Z-shaped conveyor 5. Finally, the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module 9 is actuated to allow the ore box 11 to be flipped and unloaded. By accurately controlling the material moving process, it ensures smooth movement of the ore without excessive accumulation or tilting.

[0021] Embodiment 3, based on embodiment 2, Figure 7 and Figure 8It is given that the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module 9 includes a second hydraulic cylinder 901 hingedly installed on the outer wall of one side of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame 8, a main shaft 902 rotatably installed on the outer wall of one side of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame 8, a secondary shaft 903 and a connecting plate 905 fixed on one end of the secondary shaft 903, a gear speed-increasing transmission structure 904 for maintaining power connection is installed between the main shaft 902 and the secondary shaft 903, a fisheye connecting rod 9011 is fixed to the bottom end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 901, the fisheye connecting rod 9011 and the gear speed-increasing transmission structure 904 are hinged to each other, the gear speed-increasing transmission structure 904 includes a primary gear plate fixed at one end of the main shaft 902 and a secondary gear fixed at the other end of the secondary shaft 903, the primary gear plate and the secondary gear are meshed with each other, and the fisheye connecting rod 9011 and one side outer wall of the primary gear plate are hinged to each other; C-shaped dust covers for covering the gear speed increasing transmission structure 904, the main shaft 902 and the secondary shaft 903 are fixed on the left and right outer walls of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame 8. During the operation of the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module 9, the staff can control the second hydraulic cylinder 901 to work through the control panel 6, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 901 is extended. Since the fisheye connecting rod 9011 is hinged to the back of the first-stage gear plate in the gear speed increasing transmission structure 904, the second hydraulic cylinder 901 is driven by the fisheye connecting rod 9011 and the gear plate and the main shaft 902 are deflected, and then the first-stage gear plate drives the main shaft 902 and the connecting plate 905 to deflect through the second-stage gear, so that the ore box 11 between the two connecting plates 905 can be tilted. Through the stable control of the hydraulic system, severe vibration or uneven tilt during the flipping process is avoided, thereby improving the smoothness of the entire unloading process.

[0022] When the embodiment of the present application is in use, the staff first arranges a Z-shaped conveyor 5 on each of the multiple high steps of the open-pit mine, and keeps the head and tail sections of the two Z-shaped conveyors 5 on the two adjacent high steps connected, so that the multiple Z-shaped conveyors 5 from top to bottom form a continuous and uninterrupted mineral material conveying line, ensuring that the mineral materials collected by the collection unit are smoothly transported from high to bottom. At the same time, the staff arranges a track on each high step to guide the automatic guided vehicle 1 and the right-angle rear frame 4 to move to the excavator operation point. The automatic guided vehicle 1 is equipped with a navigation system, which can move autonomously according to the preset route of the track and safely reach the designated material collection point. When the automatic guided vehicle 1 drives the collection unit, the right-angle rear frame 4, the mineral material box 11 and other components to move to the excavator operation point, the collection unit is used to obtain the excavator The ore that has been mined and piled up is collected into the ore box 11 on the right-angle rear frame 4. When the collection unit completes the excavation and loads the ore into the ore box 11, the automatic guided vehicle 1 is started, and the right-angle rear frame 4 is moved with the ore box 11 to the unloading point where the Z-shaped conveyor 5 is located. After the ore box 11 is driven to the feeding starting point of the Z-shaped conveyor 5, the double-axis material shifting module 7 controls the movement of the ore box 11 on the X-axis and Z-axis until the ore box 11 is driven to above the feeding starting point of the Z-shaped conveyor 5, and the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module 9 uses the power of the hydraulic system to control the flipping angle of the ore box 11, and stably unloads after flipping to the set position to ensure that there is no ore left. Once the ore enters the Z-shaped conveyor, it will be sent to the lower mine through a series of Z-shaped conveying sections.

[0023] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0024] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-step multi-layer mining device for an open-pit mine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a Z-shaped conveyor (5) installed on each mine step and an automatic guided vehicle (1) installed on the mine step on one side of the Z-shaped conveyor (5) through a guide rail, wherein the head and tail ends of two adjacent Z-shaped conveyors (5) are connected to each other, a collection unit is installed on the top of the automatic guided vehicle (1), a right-angle rear frame (4) is fixed at the rear of the automatic guided vehicle (1), and two symmetrical hangers (10) are installed inside the right-angle rear frame (4), and a ore box (11) for accommodating ore is fixed at the bottom end of the two hangers (10), and the top of the right-angle rear frame (4) is fixed with a ore box (11) for accommodating ore. A double-axis material transfer module (7) for driving a hanger (10) and a material box (11) to move in the X-axis and Z-axis directions is installed at the end thereof; an inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame (8) connected to the hanger (10) is installed at the Z-axis moving end of the double-axis material transfer module (7); a gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module (9) for controlling the material box (11) to unload is arranged on the left and right outer walls of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame (8); a control panel (6) is installed on one side of the surface of the right-angle rear frame (4); and an output end of the control panel (6) is electrically connected to an input end of the double-axis material transfer module (7) and a gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module (9).

2. The high-step multi-layer mining device for open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection unit is a six-axis mechanical arm (2) installed at the top of the automatic guided vehicle (1) and a bucket (3) installed at the end of the arm of the six-axis mechanical arm (2).

3. The high-step multi-layer mining device for open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: Auxiliary wheels (401) are rotatably mounted on both the left and right inner walls of the right-angle rear frame (4).

4. The high-step multi-layer mining device for open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-axis material transfer module (7) comprises a circular frame (701) mounted on the top of the right-angle rear frame (4), an X-axis screw electric linear module (702) mounted on the top of the circular frame (701), and a slide plate (703) mounted on the moving end of the X-axis screw electric linear module (702), wherein a double-rod type Z-axis lifting structure is mounted on the top of the slide plate (703), and the double-rod type Z-axis lifting structure is used to be connected to the top of the inverted U-shaped vertical frame (8).

5. The high-step multi-layer mining device for open-pit mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The double-rod type Z-axis lifting structure comprises a first hydraulic cylinder (704) installed at the center position of the top of the slide plate (703) and guide columns (705) slidably installed on both sides of the top of the slide plate (703), the bottom end of the guide column (705) is fixedly connected to the top of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame (8), and the bottom end of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (704) passes through the outside of the slide plate (703) and is fixedly connected to the top of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame (8).

6. The high-step multi-layer mining device for open-pit mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the circular frame (701) is provided with a rectangular hollow portion for the double-rod type Z-axis lifting structure to move, both sides of the top of the circular frame (701) are fixed with dovetail rails, and the bottom of the slide plate (703) is fixed with a slide table for slidingly cooperating with the dovetail rails.

7. The high-step multi-layer mining device for open-pit mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gear-type hydraulic turnover unloading module (9) comprises a second hydraulic cylinder (901) hingedly mounted on the outer wall of one side of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame (8), a main shaft (902) rotatably mounted on the outer wall of one side of the inverted U-shaped longitudinal frame (8), a secondary shaft (903), and a connecting plate (905) fixed to one end of the secondary shaft (903); a gear speed-increasing transmission structure (904) for maintaining power connection is installed between the main shaft (902) and the secondary shaft (903); a fisheye connecting rod (9011) is fixed to the bottom end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (901); the fisheye connecting rod (9011) and the gear speed-increasing transmission structure (904) are hingedly connected to each other.

8. The high-step multi-layer mining device for open-pit mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gear speed increasing transmission structure (904) comprises a primary gear plate fixed to one end of the main shaft (902) and a secondary gear fixed to the other end of the secondary shaft (903); the primary gear plate and the secondary gear are meshed with each other, and the fisheye connecting rod (9011) and an outer wall of one side of the primary gear plate are hinged to each other.

9. The high-step multi-layer mining device for open-pit mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: C-shaped dust covers for covering the gear speed increasing transmission structure (904), the main shaft (902), and the secondary shaft (903) are fixed to the left and right outer walls of the inverted U-shaped vertical frame (8).

10. A method for high-step multi-layer mining in an open-pit mine, comprising the high-step multi-layer mining device for an open-pit mine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S101: The staff arranges a Z-shaped conveyor (5) on each of the multiple high steps of the open-pit mine, and ensures that the head and tail sections of the two Z-shaped conveyors (5) on two adjacent high steps remain connected, so that the multiple Z-shaped conveyors (5) from top to bottom form a continuous and uninterrupted ore conveying line; S102: Workers arrange tracks on each high step for guiding the automatic guided vehicle (1) and the right-angle rear frame (4) to move to the excavator operation point. The automatic guided vehicle (1) is equipped with a navigation system and can move autonomously according to a preset route on the track and safely reach the designated material collection point; S103: The collection unit is used to obtain the mineral materials that have been mined and accumulated by the excavator, and collect the mineral materials into the mineral material box (11) on the right-angle rear frame (4); S104: When the collection unit completes excavation and loads the ore into the ore box (11), the automatic guided vehicle (1) starts, moves the right-angle rear frame (4) with the ore box (11) to the unloading point where the Z-shaped conveyor (5) is located, and after the ore box (11) is driven to the feeding starting point of the Z-shaped conveyor (5), the double-axis material transfer module (7) controls the movement of the ore box (11) on the X-axis and Z-axis until the ore box (11) is driven to the top of the feeding starting point of the Z-shaped conveyor (5), and the gear-type hydraulic flip unloading module (9) uses the power of the hydraulic system to control the flip angle of the ore box (11). Once the ore enters the Z-shaped conveyor, it will be sent to the lower mine through a series of Z-shaped conveying sections.

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