Ejector with variable oil injection rate and engine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engines, and particularly discloses an injector with the variable oil injection rate and an engine, and the injector with the variable oil injection rate comprises an injector main body, an injection valve, an oil duct switching assembly and a pressure adjusting assembly. When an oil duct switching assembly switches between a high-pressure oil inlet duct and a conveying oil duct and between a low-pressure oil inlet duct and the conveying oil duct, due to the principle of pressure difference, the oil duct switching assembly moves slowly, and the switching time is long. By means of the arrangement, when the oil way switching assembly switches high-pressure oil ways and low-pressure oil ways, high-pressure oil firstly enters the pressure adjusting assembly, pressure relief is conducted on the high-pressure oil through the pressure adjusting assembly, and therefore the pressure of the high-pressure oil entering the switching cavity is reduced, the pressure difference is reduced, and the oil way switching efficiency is improved. The moving speed of the oil duct switching assembly is increased, and then the switching time of the oil duct switching assembly is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engines, and in particular to an injector with a variable injection rate and an engine. Background Art

[0002] At present, injectors are commonly used in the high-pressure common rail injection system of the engine, which injects the fuel from the pressure accumulator into the cylinder of the diesel engine. The variable injection rate injectors in the prior art generally use multiple independent oil inlet branches and are connected to fuels of different pressures, so that the fuel pressure entering the injection valve in the injector can be controlled to achieve flexible adjustment of the injection rate of the injection valve. However, since the pressure of the high-pressure oil circuit in the injector is much higher than that of the low-pressure oil circuit, the armature rod in the injector moves slowly under the action of the pressure difference during the switching process from the high-pressure oil circuit to the low-pressure oil circuit, resulting in the problem of too long switching time between the high-pressure and low-pressure oil circuits. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an injector with a variable injection rate and an engine to solve the problem in the prior art that the switching time of the injector is too long when switching from a high-pressure oil circuit to a low-pressure oil circuit.

[0004] On the one hand, the present invention provides a variable injection rate injector, which includes: an injector body, having a switching chamber and a high-pressure oil inlet passage, a low-pressure oil inlet passage and a delivery oil passage that are independently arranged, one end of the delivery oil passage is connected to the switching chamber; an injection valve, arranged at one end of the injector body, the oil inlet of the injection valve is connected to the other end of the delivery oil passage, and the injection valve can perform an oil injection action; an oil passage switching assembly, arranged at the other end of the injector body and located in the switching chamber, the oil passage switching assembly can selectively connect the high-pressure oil inlet passage with the delivery oil passage and block the low-pressure oil inlet passage with the delivery oil passage or connect the low-pressure oil inlet passage with the delivery oil passage and block the high-pressure oil inlet passage with the delivery oil passage; a pressure regulating assembly, located outside the injector body, the oil inlet of the pressure regulating assembly is connected to the high-pressure oil inlet passage, and the pressure regulating assembly can relieve the pressure of the high-pressure oil entering the switching chamber from the high-pressure oil inlet passage.

[0005] As an optional technical solution for a variable injection rate injector, the pressure regulating assembly includes a pressure regulating valve seat and a regulating structure, the pressure regulating valve seat has a regulating chamber and an oil inlet and an oil outlet connected to the regulating chamber, the regulating structure is arranged in the regulating chamber, the regulating structure can relieve the pressure of the high-pressure oil entering from the oil inlet, and the oil outlet can discharge the high-pressure oil after the pressure relief from the regulating structure is completed.

[0006] As an optional technical solution for a variable injection rate injector, the adjustment structure includes an adjustment slide rod, an adjustment nut, an adjustment armature piece and a damping elastic member. The adjustment slide rod passes through the adjustment nut and the adjustment armature piece in sequence. The adjustment slide rod can be slidably arranged in the adjustment cavity to block the oil inlet and avoid the oil outlet or avoid the oil inlet or block the oil outlet. The adjustment nut and the adjustment armature piece are installed in the adjustment cavity, and the two ends of the damping elastic member are respectively abutted against the adjustment nut and the adjustment armature piece.

[0007] As an optional technical solution for a variable injection rate injector, the adjusting slide rod includes an armature rod and an adjusting valve ball that are connected to each other. The adjusting valve ball can block or avoid the oil inlet. The armature rod passes through the adjusting nut and the adjusting armature plate in sequence and can be slidably arranged in the adjusting cavity.

[0008] As an optional technical solution for a variable injection rate injector, the adjustment structure also includes a driving electromagnet and a driving elastic member. The driving electromagnet is arranged in the adjustment chamber and is located on the side of the adjustment armature piece facing the oil outlet. The two ends of the driving elastic member are respectively abutted against the adjustment slide rod and the inner wall of the adjustment chamber. The driving electromagnet can drive the adjustment slide rod to move.

[0009] As an optional technical solution for a variable injection rate injector, the oil channel switching assembly includes a switching slide rod, which has an opening and closing structure. The opening and closing structure is located in the switching chamber, and the opening and closing structure is movably arranged to block the high-pressure oil port of the high-pressure oil inlet channel or to block the low-pressure oil port of the low-pressure oil inlet channel.

[0010] As an optional technical solution for a variable injection rate injector, the opening and closing structure includes a first cone, a sealing ball and a second cone connected in sequence, the diameter of the first cone gradually decreases in the direction toward the sealing ball, the diameter of the second cone gradually decreases in the direction toward the sealing ball, the first cone and the second cone are respectively penetrated through the low-pressure oil port and the high-pressure oil port, and the sealing ball can be partially inserted into the low-pressure oil port or the high-pressure oil port to seal the low-pressure oil port or the high-pressure oil port.

[0011] As an optional technical solution for a variable injection rate injector, the injector body includes a first body and a second body, the first body and the second body are connected, the oil channel switching assembly is arranged on the first body, and the injection valve is arranged on the second body.

[0012] As an optional technical solution for a variable injection rate injector, the injector body also includes a high-pressure valve body, a low-pressure valve body and an injector valve seat, the high-pressure valve body has the high-pressure oil port, the low-pressure valve body has the low-pressure oil port, the first body is provided with a first mounting cavity, and the injector valve seat presses the low-pressure valve body and the high-pressure valve body to the bottom of the first mounting cavity.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides an engine comprising the variable injection rate injector of any of the above schemes.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] The present invention provides a variable injection rate injector, which includes an injector body, an injection valve, an oil channel switching component and a pressure regulating component. The injector body has a switching chamber and a high-pressure oil inlet, a low-pressure oil inlet and a delivery oil channel that are independently arranged. When the oil channel switching component switches the high-pressure oil inlet and the delivery oil channel and the low-pressure oil inlet and the delivery oil channel, the oil channel switching component moves slowly due to the principle of pressure difference, resulting in a long switching time. The variable injection rate injector of the present invention is used to connect the oil inlet of the pressure regulating component and the high-pressure oil inlet. In this way, when the oil channel switching component switches the high-pressure and low-pressure oil circuits, the high-pressure oil first enters the pressure regulating component, and the pressure regulating component is used to release the pressure of the high-pressure oil, so that the pressure of the high-pressure oil entering the switching chamber is reduced, the pressure difference is reduced, the moving speed of the oil channel switching component is accelerated, and the switching time of the oil channel switching component is accelerated. The variable injection rate injector of the present invention is used to effectively solve the problem of the injector in the prior art having a long switching time when switching from a high-pressure oil circuit to a low-pressure oil circuit by setting a pressure regulating component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a variable injection rate injector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0020] In the figure:

[0021] 1. Injector body; 11. Switching chamber; 12. High-pressure oil inlet; 121. High-pressure oil port; 13. Low-pressure oil inlet; 131. Low-pressure oil port; 14. Delivery oil channel; 15. First body; 111. First oil return channel; 16. Second body; 161. Oil return port; 17. High-pressure valve body; 18. Low-pressure valve body; 19. Injector valve seat;

[0022] 2. Injection valve; 21. Needle valve assembly; 211. Valve sleeve; 2111. First oil hole; 2112. Second oil hole; 2113. Control chamber; 212. Long needle valve; 2121. First sealing section; 2122. Support section; 2123. Second sealing section; 21231. Spiral oil groove; 213. Needle valve body; 2131. Third oil hole; 214. Pressure regulating spring; 215. Adjusting gasket; 22. Oil return assembly; 221. Oil return valve seat; 2211. Valve seat oil return passage; 222. Oil return ball seat; 223. Oil return valve ball; 224. Second oil return passage; 23. Drive assembly;

[0023] 3. Oil channel switching assembly; 31. Switching slide rod; 311. Opening and closing structure; 3111. First cone; 3112. Sealing ball; 3113. Second cone; 32. Switching electromagnet; 33. Switching armature; 34. Switching elastic member; 35. Nut; 36. Adjusting ring; 37. Buffer damping spring;

[0024] 4. Pressure regulating assembly; 41. Pressure regulating valve seat; 411. Adjusting chamber; 412. Oil inlet; 413. Oil outlet; 42. Adjusting structure; 421. Adjusting slide rod; 4211. Armature rod; 4212. Adjusting valve ball; 422. Adjusting nut; 423. Adjusting armature piece; 424. Damping elastic member; 425. Driving electromagnet; 426. Driving elastic member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Among them, the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions, and the first feature "above", "above" and "above" the second feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" the second feature include the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, this embodiment provides a variable injection rate injector, which includes an injector body 1, an injection valve 2, an oil channel switching component 3 and a pressure regulating component 4. Among them, the injector body 1 has a switching chamber 11 and a high-pressure oil inlet channel 12, a low-pressure oil inlet channel 13 and a delivery oil channel 14 which are independently arranged. One end of the delivery oil channel 14 is connected to the switching chamber 11; the injection valve 2 is arranged at one end of the injector body 1, and the oil inlet port 412 of the injection valve 2 is connected to the other end of the delivery oil channel 14, and the injection valve 2 can perform an oil injection action; the oil channel switching component 3 is arranged at the other end of the injector body 1 and is located in the switching chamber 11, and the oil channel switching component 3 can selectively connect the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 with the delivery oil channel 14 and block the low-pressure oil inlet channel 13 with the delivery oil channel 14 or connect the low-pressure oil inlet channel 13 with the delivery oil channel 14 and block the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 with the delivery oil channel 14; the pressure regulating component 4 is located outside the injector body 1, and the oil inlet port 412 of the pressure regulating component 4 is connected to the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12, and the pressure regulating component 4 can relieve the pressure of the high-pressure oil entering the switching chamber 11 from the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12.

[0030] When the oil channel switching component 3 switches between the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 and the delivery oil channel 14 and the low-pressure oil inlet channel 13 and the delivery oil channel 14, the oil channel switching component 3 moves slowly due to the principle of pressure difference, resulting in a long switching time. The variable injection rate injector of the present invention is used to connect the oil inlet port 412 of the pressure regulating component 4 with the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12. In this way, when the oil channel switching component 3 switches between the high-pressure and low-pressure oil circuits, the high-pressure oil first enters the pressure regulating component 4, and the pressure regulating component 4 is used to release the high-pressure oil, so that the pressure of the high-pressure oil entering the switching chamber 11 is reduced, the pressure difference is reduced, the moving speed of the oil channel switching component 3 is accelerated, and the switching time of the oil channel switching component 3 is accelerated. The variable injection rate injector of the present invention is used to effectively solve the problem of the long switching time of the injector in the prior art when switching from the high-pressure oil circuit to the low-pressure oil circuit by setting the pressure regulating component 4.

[0031] Among them, the pressure regulating component 4 is an external device, which can be installed more flexibly and can be removed more conveniently when not needed.

[0032] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the pressure regulating assembly 4 includes a pressure regulating valve seat 41 and a regulating structure 42. The pressure regulating valve seat 41 has a regulating cavity 411 and an oil inlet 412 and an oil outlet 413 connected to the regulating cavity 411. The regulating structure 42 is arranged in the regulating cavity 411, so that the high-pressure oil entering from the oil inlet 412 can be depressurized by the regulating structure 42, thereby achieving the purpose of depressurizing the high-pressure oil in the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 in advance, and then the high-pressure oil after depressurization from the regulating structure 42 is discharged through the oil outlet 413, completing the depressurization operation of the high-pressure oil.

[0033] Furthermore, the adjustment structure 42 includes an adjustment slide rod 421 , an adjustment nut 422 , an adjustment armature piece 423 and a damping elastic member 424 . The adjusting slide bar 421 is passed through the adjusting nut 422 and the adjusting armature piece 423 in sequence, and the adjusting slide bar 421 can be slidably arranged in the adjusting chamber 411, so that the purpose of blocking the oil inlet 412 and avoiding the oil outlet 413 or avoiding the oil inlet 412 or blocking the oil outlet 413 can be achieved by adjusting the slide bar 421, so as to adjust the movement of the adjusting slide bar 421 according to actual needs; wherein, the adjusting nut 422 and the adjusting armature piece 423 are installed in the adjusting chamber 411, and the two ends of the damping elastic member 424 are respectively abutted against the adjusting nut 422 and the adjusting armature piece 423, and the damping elastic member 424 can play a buffering role, so as to ensure the stability between the adjusting nut 422 and the adjusting armature piece 423; wherein, by adjusting the adjusting nut 422 and the adjusting armature piece 423, the pressure relief rate of the high-pressure oil can be adjusted to meet the actual working needs. Optionally, the damping elastic member 424 includes but is not limited to a spring.

[0034] In this embodiment, the adjusting slide rod 421 includes an armature rod 4211 and an adjusting valve ball 4212 which are connected to each other. The adjusting valve ball 4212 can block or avoid the oil inlet 412. The setting of the adjusting valve ball 4212 can achieve accurate flow control, and has the characteristics of good stability and high control accuracy; and the armature rod 4211 passes through the adjusting nut 422 and the adjusting armature piece 423 in sequence and can be slidably arranged in the adjusting cavity 411, so as to achieve the purpose of blocking or avoiding the oil outlet 413.

[0035] Furthermore, the adjustment structure 42 also includes a driving electromagnet 425 and a driving elastic member 426. The driving electromagnet 425 is arranged in the adjustment cavity 411 and is located on the side of the adjustment armature piece 423 facing the oil outlet 413, and the two ends of the driving elastic member 426 are respectively in contact with the adjustment slide bar 421 and the inner wall of the adjustment cavity 411. In this arrangement, the driving electromagnet 425 can drive the adjustment slide bar 421 to move, and the driving elastic member 426 can ensure the stable movement of the adjustment slide bar 421. Optionally, the driving elastic member 426 includes but is not limited to a spring.

[0036] Optionally, the oil outlet 413 is communicated with the oil return port 161 of the injector body 1 .

[0037] Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the oil channel switching assembly 3 includes a switching slide bar 31. The switching slide bar 31 has an opening and closing structure 311, which is located in the switching chamber 11 and is movably arranged, so that the opening and closing structure 311 is used to block the high-pressure oil port 121 of the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 or the low-pressure oil port 131 of the low-pressure oil inlet channel 13, thereby realizing the switching between the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 and the low-pressure oil inlet channel 13.

[0038] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the opening and closing structure 311 includes a first cone 3111, a sealing ball 3112 and a second cone 3113 connected in sequence. Among them, the diameter of the first cone 3111 gradually decreases in the direction toward the sealing ball 3112, and the diameter of the second cone 3113 gradually decreases in the direction toward the sealing ball 3112. Such a configuration can greatly improve the flow rate of high-pressure oil in the high-pressure oil inlet 12 and low-pressure oil in the low-pressure oil inlet 13; at the same time, it can avoid the opening and closing structure 311 from getting stuck during the movement, thereby improving reliability. The first cone 3111 and the second cone 3113 are respectively arranged in the low-pressure oil port 131 and the high-pressure oil port 121, wherein the sealing ball 3112 can be partially inserted into the low-pressure oil port 131 or the high-pressure oil port 121 to block the low-pressure oil port 131 or the high-pressure oil port 121. Such a configuration can use the sealing ball 3112 to accurately control the flow rate, with good stability and high control accuracy.

[0039] Optionally, the oil channel switching assembly 3 also includes a switching electromagnet 32, a switching armature 33 and a switching elastic member 34, wherein the switching electromagnet 32 ​​is installed at the end of the injector body 1, the switching armature 33 is installed between the switching electromagnet 32 ​​and the injector body 1, the end of the switching slide rod 31 is passed through the switching armature 33, and a shoulder on one side of the switching slide rod 31 abuts against the switching armature 33, and a nut 35 is threadedly connected on the other side, the nut 35 fixes the switching slide rod 31 to the switching armature 33, and the switching elastic member 34 can be set as a spring or a plastic pad. When it is necessary to deliver high-pressure oil to the injection valve 2, the switching electromagnet 32 ​​is energized and can absorb the switching armature 33, so that the switching slide rod 31 with the opening and closing structure 311 moves in the direction close to the low-pressure oil port 131 and closes the low-pressure oil port 131, and the high-pressure oil port 121 is connected to the switching chamber 11; when it is necessary to deliver low-pressure fuel to the injection valve 2, the switching electromagnet 32 ​​is de-energized, and the spring can drive the switching slide rod 31 with the opening and closing structure 311 to move in the direction close to the high-pressure oil port 121 and close the high-pressure oil port 121, and the low-pressure oil port 131 is connected to the switching chamber 11. In other embodiments of the present invention, the switching electromagnet 32, the switching armature 33 and the switching elastic member 34 can also be replaced by an electric push rod, which can also drive the switching slide rod 31 with the opening and closing structure 311 to reciprocate between the low-pressure oil port 131 and the high-pressure oil port 121.

[0040] Optionally, the oil channel switching assembly 3 also includes an adjusting ring 36 and a buffer damping spring 37. The adjusting ring 36 is arranged between the switching electromagnet 32 ​​and the injector body 1, and is mainly used to adjust the distance between the switching electromagnet 32 ​​and the first body 15 of the injector body 1; the two ends of the buffer damping spring 37 are respectively abutted against the switching armature 33 and the low-pressure valve body 18 of the injector body 1, thereby playing a buffering role.

[0041] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the injector body 1 includes a first body 15 and a second body 16. The first body 15 and the second body 16 are connected, the oil channel switching assembly 3 is arranged on the first body 15, and the injection valve 2 is arranged on the second body 16. In this way, the split injector body 1 can be installed in two sections, which is more convenient for assembly operation.

[0042] The injector body 1 further includes a high-pressure valve body 17, a low-pressure valve body 18 and an injector valve seat 19. The high-pressure valve body 17 has a high-pressure oil port 121, the low-pressure valve body 18 has a low-pressure oil port 131, the first body 15 is provided with a first installation cavity, and the injector valve seat 19 presses the low-pressure valve body 18 and the high-pressure valve body 17 to the bottom of the first installation cavity. With the above-mentioned arrangement, the high-pressure valve body 17 and the low-pressure valve body 18 are separately arranged in the first body 15, which makes it easier to open the low-pressure oil port 131 and the high-pressure oil port 121 and simplifies the assembly operation.

[0043] Optionally, the switching slide rod 31 is inserted into the interior of the high-pressure valve body 17 and the low-pressure valve body 18 and moves, wherein the gap between the switching slide rod 31 and the high-pressure valve body 17 and the low-pressure valve body 18 is 0.003mm-0.012mm, which improves the sealing effect while ensuring smooth movement.

[0044] Optionally, in this embodiment, the injection valve includes a needle valve assembly 21, an oil return assembly 22 and a drive assembly 23. The oil return assembly 22 is installed at the end of the switching slide 31 away from the switching electromagnet 32, and the drive assembly 23 is the same as the switching electromagnet 32 ​​of the oil channel switching assembly 3, and also includes an electromagnet, an armature and a spring.

[0045] Among them, the bottom of the first installation cavity is provided with a first oil return channel 111, the switching slide rod 31 extends into the first oil return channel 111, the oil return assembly 22 includes an oil return valve seat 221, an oil return ball seat 222, an oil return valve ball 223 and a second oil return channel 224, the electromagnet of the driving assembly 23 is installed on the second body 16 of the injector body 1, the armature is slidably arranged between the oil return valve seat 221 and the electromagnet, the second oil return channel 224 is located in the gap between the armature and the oil return valve seat 221, a moving rod is fixed on the armature, and the end of the moving rod is connected to the oil return ball seat 222 and the oil return valve ball 223, one end of the spring of the driving assembly 23 abuts the first body 15 of the injector body 1, and the other end abuts the moving rod, and a buffer damping spring 37 is also sleeved on the side of the moving rod away from the electromagnet, one end of the buffer damping spring 37 abuts the armature, and the other end abuts the oil return valve seat 221.

[0046] The needle valve assembly 21 includes a valve sleeve 211, a long needle valve 212 and a needle valve body 213. The return oil valve seat 221 presses the valve sleeve 211 tightly against the second body 16 of the injector body 1. A valve seat return oil passage 2211 is provided in the return oil valve seat 221. A first oil hole 2111, a second oil hole 2112 and a control chamber 2113 are provided in the valve sleeve 211. One end of the valve seat return oil passage 2211 is connected to the second oil return passage 224, and the other end is connected to the first oil hole 2111. The return oil valve ball 223 at the end of the movable rod extends to the first oil return passage 224. The oil hole 2111 is capable of closing the first oil hole 2111, the control chamber 2113 is opened inside the valve sleeve 211, the first oil hole 2111 and the second oil hole 2112 are both connected to the control chamber 2113, the needle valve body 213 is installed at the end of the injector body 1 away from the oil channel switching assembly 3, and a second installation chamber is opened in the second body 16 of the injector body 1, the long needle valve 212 is gap-pierced in the second installation chamber, and the second oil hole 2112 and the delivery oil channel 14 are both connected in the gap between the long needle valve 212 and the second body 16.

[0047] Optionally, the long needle valve 212 includes a first sealing section 2121, a supporting section 2122 and a second sealing section 2123 which are connected in sequence. The first sealing section 2121 is clearance-fitted with the side of the valve sleeve 211 away from the oil return valve seat 221 and extends to the control chamber 2113. The second sealing section 2123 is clearance-fitted with the needle valve body 213. A spiral oil groove 21231 is provided on the second sealing section 2123. The spiral oil groove 21231 can play a role in guiding the fuel. The end of the second sealing section 2123 abuts against the third oil hole 2131 of the needle valve body 213.

[0048] Specifically, when the low-pressure oil inlet passage 13 delivers fuel to the delivery oil passage 14, the fuel enters the control chamber 2113 through the second oil hole 2112. At this time, the electromagnet of the drive assembly 23 attracts the armature, and the oil return valve ball 223 is separated from the first oil hole 2111. The first oil hole 2111 is connected to the valve seat oil return passage 2211, so that the fuel in the control chamber 2113 can be discharged from the second oil return passage 224, thereby reducing the pressure in the control chamber 2113. At this time, the long needle valve 212 moves toward the direction close to the control chamber 2113, so that the fuel can be discharged from the needle valve body 2 13 is discharged from the third oil hole 2131; when the injection valve 2 completes an injection, the electromagnet of the driving component 23 is powered off, and the spring of the driving component 23 drives the moving rod with the return oil valve ball 223 to abut against the first oil hole 2111, the first oil hole 2111 is closed, and the fuel in the control chamber 2113 cannot be discharged through the valve seat return oil channel 2211 and the second return oil channel 224, the pressure in the control chamber 2113 is reduced, the long needle valve 212 moves in the direction close to the third oil hole 2131 and closes the third oil hole 2131, and the injection valve 2 stops injecting fuel.

[0049] Optionally, an adjusting gasket 215 is sleeved on the supporting section 2122 of the long needle valve 212, and a pressure regulating spring 214 is also sleeved on the supporting section 2122. One end of the pressure regulating spring 214 abuts against the valve sleeve 211, and the other end abuts against the adjusting gasket 215. The pressure regulating spring 214 can drive the long needle valve 212 to move in a direction close to the third oil hole 2131, thereby adjusting the opening pressure of the third oil hole 2131 according to different needs.

[0050] This embodiment also provides an engine, including the variable injection rate injector in the above scheme. When the oil channel switching component 3 switches the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 and the delivery oil channel 14 and the low-pressure oil inlet channel 13 and the delivery oil channel 14, the oil channel switching component 3 moves slowly due to the principle of pressure difference, resulting in a long switching time. The engine of the present invention is used to connect the oil inlet 412 of the pressure regulating component 4 with the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12. In this way, when the oil channel switching component 3 switches the high-pressure oil circuit, the high-pressure oil first enters the pressure regulating component 4, and the pressure regulating component 4 is used to release the high-pressure oil, so that the pressure of the high-pressure oil entering the switching chamber 11 is reduced, the pressure difference is reduced, the moving speed of the oil channel switching component 3 is accelerated, and the switching time of the oil channel switching component 3 is accelerated. The engine of the present invention is used to effectively solve the problem of the injector in the prior art that the switching time is too long when switching from the high-pressure oil circuit to the low-pressure oil circuit by setting the pressure regulating component 4.

[0051] The working process of the present invention is as follows: when it is necessary to inject high-pressure fuel, the opening and closing structure 311 of the oil channel switching assembly 3 will block the low-pressure oil port 131, and the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 will be connected with the delivery oil channel 14, so that the high-pressure fuel can be injected through the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12, the delivery oil channel 14 and the third oil hole 2131; when it is necessary to inject low-pressure fuel, in order to speed up the switching time, the high-pressure fuel in the high-pressure oil inlet channel 12 can be depressurized through the pressure regulating assembly 4, and then the opening and closing structure 311 in the oil channel switching assembly 3 will quickly block the high-pressure oil port 121, and the low-pressure oil inlet channel 13 will be connected with the delivery oil channel 14, so that the low-pressure fuel can enter the control chamber 2113 through the low-pressure oil inlet channel 13, the delivery oil channel 14 and the second oil hole 2112 , the electromagnet of the driving component 23 attracts the armature, causing the return oil valve ball 223 to detach from the first oil hole 2111, and the fuel in the control chamber 2113 is discharged to the outside through the first oil hole 2111 and the second oil return channel 224, the pressure in the control chamber 2113 is reduced, and the long needle valve 212 slides in the direction close to the control chamber 2113, so that the low-pressure fuel can be sprayed out through the third oil hole 2131; when one injection is completed, the switching electromagnet 32 ​​of the oil channel switching component 3 and the electromagnet of the driving component 23 are both powered off, the return oil valve ball 223 closes the first oil hole 2111, and the pressure in the control chamber 2113 increases, thereby driving the long needle valve 212 to move in the direction close to the third oil hole 2131 and close the third oil hole 2131.

[0052] The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0053] 1. The present invention adopts a built-in high-low pressure switching oil circuit switching component and an externally connected pressure regulating component. The oil circuit switching component adopts a spherical and conical sealing design, so that the fuel pressure entering the oil circuit switching component can be flexibly controlled, and the injection rate is flexibly variable; when the injector needs to switch from high-pressure to low-pressure injection, the external pressure regulating component first controls the armature rod through the driving electromagnet of the pressure regulating component to open the oil leakage channel to achieve pressure relief of the high-pressure oil circuit, thereby accelerating the switching speed of high and low pressures;

[0054] 2. The variable injection rate injector of the present invention reduces the structural size, reduces the mass of the moving parts and improves the response speed under the premise that the overall size of the injector remains unchanged;

[0055] 3. The present invention adopts a pressure regulating assembly connected to the outside of the injector body, which can be installed more flexibly and can be removed more conveniently when not needed.

[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable injection rate injector, characterized in that: include: The injector body (1) comprises a switching chamber (11) and a high-pressure oil inlet passage (12), a low-pressure oil inlet passage (13) and an oil delivery passage (14) which are independently arranged from each other, and one end of the oil delivery passage (14) is connected to the switching chamber (11); An injection valve (2) is arranged at one end of the injector body (1), an oil inlet (412) of the injection valve (2) is connected to the other end of the oil delivery passage (14), and the injection valve (2) is capable of performing an oil injection action; An oil passage switching assembly (3) is arranged at the other end of the injector body (1) and is located in the switching chamber (11), and the oil passage switching assembly (3) can selectively connect the high-pressure oil inlet passage (12) with the delivery oil passage (14) and block the low-pressure oil inlet passage (13) and the delivery oil passage (14), or connect the low-pressure oil inlet passage (13) with the delivery oil passage (14) and block the high-pressure oil inlet passage (12) and the delivery oil passage (14); A pressure regulating assembly (4) is located outside the injector body (1); an oil inlet (412) of the pressure regulating assembly (4) is connected to the high-pressure oil inlet passage (12); and the pressure regulating assembly (4) is capable of relieving the high-pressure oil entering the switching chamber (11) from the high-pressure oil inlet passage (12).

2. The variable injection rate injector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure regulating assembly (4) comprises a pressure regulating valve seat (41) and a regulating structure (42); the pressure regulating valve seat (41) has a regulating cavity (411) and an oil inlet (412) and an oil outlet (413) connected to the regulating cavity (411); the regulating structure (42) is arranged in the regulating cavity (411); the regulating structure (42) can relieve the pressure of high-pressure oil entering from the oil inlet (412); and the oil outlet (413) can discharge the high-pressure oil after the pressure relief of the regulating structure (42) is completed.

3. The variable injection rate injector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment structure (42) comprises an adjustment slide rod (421), an adjustment nut (422), an adjustment armature piece (423) and a damping elastic member (424); the adjustment slide rod (421) passes through the adjustment nut (422) and the adjustment armature piece (423) in sequence; the adjustment slide rod (421) can be slidably arranged in the adjustment cavity (411) to block the oil inlet (412) and avoid the oil outlet (413) or avoid the oil inlet (412) or block the oil outlet (413); the adjustment nut (422) and the adjustment armature piece (423) are installed in the adjustment cavity (411); and two ends of the damping elastic member (424) are respectively in contact with the adjustment nut (422) and the adjustment armature piece (423).

4. The variable injection rate injector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The regulating slide rod (421) comprises an armature rod (4211) and a regulating valve ball (4212) which are connected to each other. The regulating valve ball (4212) can block or avoid the oil inlet (412). The armature rod (4211) passes through the regulating nut (422) and the regulating armature plate (423) in sequence and can be slidably arranged in the regulating cavity (411).

5. The variable injection rate injector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The regulating structure (42) further comprises a driving electromagnet (425) and a driving elastic member (426); the driving electromagnet (425) is arranged in the regulating cavity (411) and is located on the side of the regulating armature piece (423) facing the oil outlet (413); two ends of the driving elastic member (426) are respectively in contact with the regulating slide rod (421) and the inner wall of the regulating cavity (411); the driving electromagnet (425) can drive the regulating slide rod (421) to move.

6. The variable injection rate injector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil channel switching assembly (3) comprises a switching slide rod (31), the switching slide rod (31) having an opening and closing structure (311), the opening and closing structure (311) being located in the switching chamber (11), and the opening and closing structure (311) being movably arranged to block the high-pressure oil port (121) of the high-pressure oil inlet channel (12) or to block the low-pressure oil port (131) of the low-pressure oil inlet channel (13).

7. The variable injection rate injector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening and closing structure (311) comprises a first cone (3111), a sealing ball (3112) and a second cone (3113) which are connected in sequence. The diameter of the first cone (3111) gradually decreases in the direction toward the sealing ball (3112), and the diameter of the second cone (3113) gradually decreases in the direction toward the sealing ball (3112). The first cone (3111) and the second cone (3113) are respectively penetrated through the low-pressure oil port (131) and the high-pressure oil port (121). The sealing ball (3112) can be partially inserted into the low-pressure oil port (131) or the high-pressure oil port (121) to block the low-pressure oil port (131) or the high-pressure oil port (121).

8. The variable injection rate injector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The injector body (1) comprises a first body (15) and a second body (16), wherein the first body (15) and the second body (16) are connected, the oil channel switching assembly (3) is arranged on the first body (15), and the injection valve (2) is arranged on the second body (16).

9. The variable injection rate injector according to claim 8, characterized in that: The injector body (1) further comprises a high-pressure valve body (17), a low-pressure valve body (18) and an injector valve seat (19); the high-pressure valve body (17) has the high-pressure oil port (121); the low-pressure valve body (18) has the low-pressure oil port (131); the first body (15) is provided with a first installation cavity; the injector valve seat (19) presses the low-pressure valve body (18) and the high-pressure valve body (17) against the bottom of the first installation cavity.

10. An engine, characterized in that: A variable injection rate injector comprising the injector according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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