Organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite phase change materials, and discloses an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material and a preparation method thereof. The phase change cold storage material comprises a heat preservation box shell and a sandwich structure arranged in the heat preservation box shell. The sandwich structure is composed of an organic phase-change cold storage material layer and an inorganic phase-change cold storage material layer, and a separation layer is arranged between the organic phase-change cold storage material layer and the inorganic phase-change cold storage material layer. The organic phase change cold storage material is a molten mixture obtained by uniformly melting and blending lauric acid and tetradecane; the inorganic phase change cold storage material is a molten mixture obtained by adding ammonium chloride serving as a temperature regulator, nano-copper serving as a supercooling inhibitor and polyacrylamide serving as a phase separation inhibitor into sodium carbonate decahydrate and carrying out uniform melt blending. According to the technical scheme, the novel composite phase change cold storage material can be prepared, the cold release time is prolonged, and the continuous cold supply capacity of the material is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of composite phase change materials, and in particular relates to an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the economy, the peak power consumption of the power system has increased. The excessive peak-to-valley power consumption ratio will not only increase the load on the power grid, but also threaten the safety and stability of the power grid. To explain by way of specific example, the use rate of air conditioners has increased sharply in the summer, and the cooling power load is mainly concentrated in the daytime. This requires the use of low-peak power at night for cooling and storing cold energy, and releasing cold energy during the peak power consumption period during the day to meet user needs. The key to energy storage technology lies in energy storage materials. If you want to solve the problem of summer cooling, you must conduct in-depth research on phase change energy storage materials. To obtain phase change cold storage materials that meet cooling needs, in addition to having a suitable phase change temperature and high phase change latent heat, it is also necessary to have the ability to continuously release cold energy for a long time.

[0003] At present, phase change cold storage materials all have the problem of releasing cold too quickly. After reaching the phase change temperature, they quickly change phase and release the stored cold quickly. They cannot continuously supply cold for a long time and cannot meet the needs of actual applications. Therefore, in order to put phase change cold storage materials into practical applications, it is urgent to solve the problem of the material's ability to continuously supply cold. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems. The characteristic of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention is that, based on the technical means of organic and inorganic composite, an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, and an organic phase change cold storage material with different but small phase difference and similar phase change latent heat is combined with an inorganic phase change cold storage material to form a new composite phase change cold storage material, which can prolong the cooling time and effectively improve the continuous cooling capacity of the material.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material, comprising: an insulation box shell and a sandwich structure arranged in the insulation box shell; wherein: The sandwich structure is composed of an organic phase change cold storage material layer and an inorganic phase change cold storage material layer, and a separation layer is provided between the organic phase change cold storage material layer and the inorganic phase change cold storage material layer; Among them, the organic phase change cold storage material in the organic phase change cold storage material layer is a molten mixture obtained by melting and blending lauric acid and tetradecane uniformly; the inorganic phase change cold storage material in the inorganic phase change cold storage material layer is a molten mixture obtained by adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and melting and blending them uniformly.

[0006] A further improvement of the present invention is that In the organic phase change cold storage material in the organic phase change cold storage material layer, the mass percentage of lauric acid is 19% to 22%, and the mass percentage of tetradecane is 78% to 81%.

[0007] A further improvement of the present invention is that In the inorganic phase change cold storage material in the inorganic phase change cold storage material layer, the mass percentage of sodium carbonate decahydrate is 80% to 85%, the mass percentage of the temperature control agent is 10% to 15%, the mass percentage of the supercooling inhibitor is 1% to 3%, and the mass percentage of the phase separation inhibitor is 2% to 4%.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is that The sandwich structure is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are both organic phase change cold storage material layers, and the middle layer is an inorganic phase change cold storage material layer.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material, comprising the following steps: Melting and uniformly blending lauric acid and tetradecane to obtain a molten mixture A as an organic phase change cold storage material; Adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and melting and blending them uniformly to obtain a molten mixture B as an inorganic phase change cold storage material; The molten mixture A and the molten mixture B are packaged in a sandwich structure in an insulation box shell to obtain an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material; wherein a separation layer is provided between the molten mixture A and the molten mixture B.

[0010] A further improvement of the preparation method of the present invention is that: In the step of uniformly melting and blending lauric acid and tetradecane to obtain a molten mixture A as an organic phase change cold storage material, the mass percentage of lauric acid is 19% to 22%, and the mass percentage of tetradecane is 78% to 81%.

[0011] A further improvement of the preparation method of the present invention is that: In the step of adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano-copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and melt-blending them uniformly to obtain a molten mixture B as an inorganic phase change cold storage material, the mass percentage of sodium carbonate decahydrate is 80% to 85%, the mass percentage of the temperature control agent is 10% to 15%, the mass percentage of the supercooling inhibitor is 1% to 3%, and the mass percentage of the phase separation inhibitor is 2% to 4%.

[0012] A further improvement of the preparation method of the present invention is that: The sandwich structure is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are organic phase change cold storage material layers formed by organic phase change cold storage material, and the middle layer is an inorganic phase change cold storage material layer formed by inorganic phase change cold storage material.

[0013] A further improvement of the preparation method of the present invention is that: In the step of uniformly melting and blending lauric acid and tetradecane to obtain a molten mixture A as an organic phase change cold storage material; and in the step of adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano-copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and uniformly melting and blending to obtain a molten mixture B as an inorganic phase change cold storage material, the melt blending is carried out in a constant temperature environment, and the temperature range is 50°C to 70°C.

[0014] A further improvement of the preparation method of the present invention is that: In the organic phase change cold storage material, the mass percentage of lauric acid is 20%, and the mass percentage of tetradecane is 80%; the phase change temperature of the organic phase change cold storage material is 4.29°C, and the phase change latent heat is 206.1 J / g; In the inorganic phase change cold storage material, the mass percentage of sodium carbonate decahydrate is 83%, the mass percentage of ammonium chloride is 12%, the mass percentage of nano copper is 2%, and the mass percentage of polyacrylamide is 3%; the phase change temperature of the inorganic phase change cold storage material is 15.19°C, and the phase change latent heat is 180J / g.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material, which combines an organic phase change cold storage material with an inorganic phase change cold storage material having different phase change temperatures but a small phase difference and similar phase change latent heat, to form a new composite phase change cold storage material, which can prolong the cooling time and effectively improve the material's ability to continuously supply cold. Specifically, the present invention melts and blends lauric acid and tetradecane to obtain an organic phase change cold storage material part; sodium carbonate decahydrate (SCD) is used as the main heat agent, and a temperature regulator, a supercooling inhibitor and a phase separation inhibitor are added thereto respectively for adjustment, thereby improving its phase change temperature, supercooling and phase separation, and obtaining an inorganic phase change cold storage material part; the two prepared phase change materials are separated in the middle and packaged in an insulation box in a sandwich form, which can be used to store cold and has a good ability to continuously supply cold. Further explanatory, the organic phase change cold storage material in the present invention mixes lauric acid and tetradecane to configure a low-temperature phase change material, which overcomes the problem that the phase change temperature of a single organic substance is uncontrollable, and improves its stability, and is not easy to decompose. The inorganic phase change cold storage material in the present invention uses sodium carbonate decahydrate as the main heat agent and ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator to control its phase change temperature; nano Cu is used as a supercooling inhibitor to promote rapid crystallization when the phase change temperature is reached during the cooling process, thereby improving its supercooling phenomenon; polyacrylamide is used as a phase separation inhibitor to achieve the effect of inhibiting phase separation by increasing the viscosity of the solution. The prepared composite phase change cold storage material has low supercooling and no phase separation phenomenon, thereby improving the supercooling and phase separation phenomenon of traditional inorganic salts during the phase change process. The present invention packages organic and inorganic phase change cold storage materials together in a sandwich form. The two materials have similar latent heats of phase change, a phase change temperature difference of 10°C, different starting phase change temperatures, and different phase change response speeds. Packaging them together can effectively extend the cooling time, which is more conducive to their application in the field of cold storage.

[0016] In the preparation method of the present invention, the preparation methods of organic and inorganic phase change cold storage materials are relatively simple, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the preparation process is non-toxic and pollution-free, no harmful waste liquid is generated, and it is environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below; obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2Schematic diagram of an explosion of an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a cooling curve of an organic phase change cold storage material in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a differential scanning calorimetry curve of an organic phase change cold storage material in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a step cooling curve of an inorganic phase change cold storage material in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a differential scanning calorimetry curve of an inorganic phase change cold storage material in Example 2 of the present invention; The explanation of the reference numerals in the figures is as follows: 1. Organic phase change cold storage material layer; 2. Inorganic phase change cold storage material layer; 3. Separation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments and technical solutions are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0020] All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work based on the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0021] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an insulation box shell and a sandwich structure arranged in the insulation box shell; The sandwich structure is composed of an organic phase change cold storage material layer 1 and an inorganic phase change cold storage material layer 2, and a separation layer 3 is provided between the organic phase change cold storage material layer 1 and the inorganic phase change cold storage material layer 2; Among them, the organic phase change cold storage material in the organic phase change cold storage material layer 1 is a molten mixture obtained by melt-blending lauric acid and tetradecane; the inorganic phase change cold storage material in the inorganic phase change cold storage material layer 2 is a molten mixture obtained by adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and melt-blending them evenly.

[0022] In the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a new organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material is disclosed. The material achieves the improvement of cold storage performance by combining organic and inorganic phase change cold storage materials with similar but slightly different phase change temperatures and similar phase change latent heats, especially in terms of extending the cooling time and enhancing the continuous supply of cold capacity. Specifically, in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed for the first time to compound the organic phase change cold storage material and the inorganic phase change cold storage material in a specific way, and to form a new material with excellent cold storage performance by utilizing the complementarity of the phase change characteristics of the two. This design concept breaks through the limitations of traditional single phase change materials and opens up a new direction for the development of cold storage materials. In addition, in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, lauric acid and tetradecane are selected as components of the organic phase change cold storage material. Through the melt blending technology, the two materials are uniformly mixed at the molecular level. The phase change temperatures of lauric acid and tetradecane are similar and the phase change latent heat is high, so that the prepared organic phase change cold storage material has good cold storage performance and stability. Furthermore, in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, sodium carbonate decahydrate (SCD) is used as the main heat agent, and the performance of the inorganic phase change cold storage material is comprehensively optimized by adding a temperature regulator, a supercooling inhibitor and a phase separation inhibitor; the temperature regulator is used to fine-tune the phase change temperature to make it more compatible with the phase change temperature of the organic phase change cold storage material; the supercooling inhibitor effectively reduces the supercooling of the material and improves the reliability of the phase change process; the phase separation inhibitor ensures that the inorganic salt remains evenly dispersed during the phase change process, avoiding the occurrence of phase separation. Finally, the present invention packages the prepared organic phase change cold storage material and the inorganic phase change cold storage material in the form of a sandwich in the outer shell of the insulation box, and a partition layer is set between the two, which not only ensures the independence of the two phase change materials, but also realizes their close combination in space. This packaging method is not only convenient for storage and transportation, but also effectively improves the overall performance of the cold storage material.

[0023] In summary, in the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the cooling time of the cold storage material is effectively prolonged through the combination of organic and inorganic phase change cold storage materials and the sandwich packaging design, and its ability to continuously supply cold is improved, meeting the needs of more application scenarios. In view of the common problems of supercooling and phase separation of inorganic phase change cold storage materials, the embodiment of the present invention significantly improves the phase change behavior of the material by adding specific inhibitors, thereby improving its reliability and service life.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material, comprising the following steps: Step 1, in a constant temperature environment of 50° C. to 70° C., melt and blend lauric acid and tetradecane uniformly to obtain a molten mixture A as an organic phase change cold storage material; Step 2, in a constant temperature environment of 50° C. to 70° C., ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor are added to sodium carbonate decahydrate and melt-blended uniformly to obtain a molten mixture B as an inorganic phase change cold storage material; Step 3: encapsulate the molten mixture A and the molten mixture B in a sandwich structure in an insulation box shell to obtain an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material; wherein a separation layer is provided between the molten mixture A and the molten mixture B.

[0025] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, during the process of melt-blending lauric acid and tetradecane, the mass percentage of lauric acid is 19%~22%, and the mass percentage of tetradecane is 78%~81%. In the exemplary technical scheme, stirring can be carried out in a constant temperature water bath at 60°C for 20 minutes, and the obtained molten mixture A is an organic phase change cold storage material.

[0026] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, step 2 is performed in the process of adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano-copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and melt-blending them uniformly, the mass percentage of sodium carbonate decahydrate is 80%~85%, the mass percentage of the temperature control agent is 10%~15%, the mass percentage of the supercooling inhibitor is 1%~3%, and the mass percentage of the phase separation inhibitor is 2%~4%; in the exemplary technical solution, stirring can be carried out in a constant temperature water bath at 60°C for 1 hour, and the obtained molten mixture B is an inorganic phase change cold storage material.

[0027] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sandwich form is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are both organic phase change cold storage material layers, and the middle layer is an inorganic phase change cold storage material layer; a partition layer is provided between the organic phase change cold storage material and the inorganic phase change cold storage material. In a specific exemplary technical solution, the material of the partition layer can be polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Specific embodiment 1 In the preparation method of an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the components and their mass percentages are as follows: Lauric acid: 19%, tetradecane: 81%; Sodium carbonate decahydrate: 80%, ammonium chloride: 15%, nano Cu: 1%, polyacrylamide: 4%; Step 1, weighing lauric acid and tetradecane according to the above mass percentage, placing them in a 60° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 30 minutes until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a molten mixture A; Step 2, weighing sodium carbonate decahydrate, ammonium chloride, nano Cu and polyacrylamide according to the above mass percentages, placing them in a 60° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 1 hour until they are evenly mixed to obtain a molten mixture B; Step 3, packaging the molten mixtures A and B in a sandwich form in an insulation box to complete the preparation; the sandwich form is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are organic phase change cold storage materials, and the middle layer is inorganic phase change cold storage material. Specific embodiment 2 In the preparation method of an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the components and their mass percentages are as follows: Lauric acid: 20%, tetradecane: 80%; Sodium carbonate decahydrate: 83%, ammonium chloride: 12%, nano Cu: 2%, polyacrylamide: 3%; Step 1, weighing lauric acid and tetradecane according to the above mass percentage, placing them in a 60° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 30 minutes until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a molten mixture A; Step 2, weighing sodium carbonate decahydrate, ammonium chloride, nano Cu and polyacrylamide according to the above mass percentages, placing them in a 60° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 1 hour until they are evenly mixed to obtain a molten mixture B; Step 3, packaging the molten mixtures A and B in a sandwich form in an insulation box to complete the preparation; the sandwich form is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are organic phase change cold storage materials, and the middle layer is inorganic phase change cold storage material.

[0030] See also Figures 3 to 6, the embodiment of the present invention specifically discloses a method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material, wherein the organic phase change cold storage material includes lauric acid and tetradecane; the inorganic phase change cold storage material includes a main heat agent, a temperature control agent, a supercooling inhibitor, and a phase separation inhibitor, wherein the main heat agent is sodium carbonate decahydrate. The organic phase change cold storage material prepared in the embodiment of the present invention has a phase change temperature of 4.29°C and a phase change latent heat of 206.1J / g; the inorganic phase change cold storage material has a phase change temperature of 15.19°C and a phase change latent heat of 180J / g. There is no phase separation after recycling. The two materials have similar phase change latent heats, and the phase change temperatures differ by 10.9°C. They are packaged in an insulated box in a sandwich form, which can effectively extend the cooling time and have broad application prospects in cold chain transportation, cold storage air conditioning and other cold storage fields. In a further exemplary technical solution, the above preparation processes are all carried out in a constant temperature magnetic stirrer at a temperature of 60°C and a speed of 500r / min.

[0031] In summary, the organic and inorganic phase change cold storage materials have similar latent heats of phase change, and the phase change temperatures differ by 10°C. The starting phase change temperatures are different, and the corresponding phase change speeds are also different. They are packaged together in a sandwich form, with the outer low-temperature phase change layer cooling first and the inner medium-temperature phase change layer cooling later, which can effectively extend the cooling time. Specific embodiment 3 In the preparation method of an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the components and their mass percentages are as follows: Lauric acid: 21%, tetradecane: 79%; Sodium carbonate decahydrate: 85%, ammonium chloride: 10%, nano Cu: 3%, polyacrylamide: 2%; Step 1, weighing lauric acid and tetradecane according to the above mass percentage, placing them in a 60° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 30 minutes until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a molten mixture A; Step 2, weighing sodium carbonate decahydrate, ammonium chloride, nano Cu and polyacrylamide according to the above mass percentages, placing them in a 60° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 1 hour until they are evenly mixed to obtain a molten mixture B; Step 3, packaging the molten mixtures A and B in a sandwich form in an insulation box to complete the preparation; the sandwich form is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are organic phase change cold storage materials, and the middle layer is inorganic phase change cold storage material. Specific embodiment 4 In the preparation method of an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the components and their mass percentages are as follows: Lauric acid: 22%, tetradecane: 78%; Sodium carbonate decahydrate: 85%, ammonium chloride: 10%, nano Cu: 2%, polyacrylamide: 3%; Step 1, weighing lauric acid and tetradecane according to the above mass percentage, placing them in a 50° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 30 minutes until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a molten mixture A; Step 2, weighing sodium carbonate decahydrate, ammonium chloride, nano Cu and polyacrylamide according to the above mass percentages, placing them in a 50° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 1 hour until they are evenly mixed to obtain a molten mixture B; Step 3, packaging the molten mixtures A and B in a sandwich form in an insulation box to complete the preparation; the sandwich form is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are organic phase change cold storage materials, and the middle layer is inorganic phase change cold storage material. Specific embodiment 5 In the preparation method of an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the components and their mass percentages are as follows: Lauric acid: 22%, tetradecane: 78%; Sodium carbonate decahydrate: 85%, ammonium chloride: 10%, nano Cu: 2%, polyacrylamide: 3%; Step 1, weighing lauric acid and tetradecane according to the above mass percentage, placing them in a 70° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 30 minutes until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a molten mixture A; Step 2, weighing sodium carbonate decahydrate, ammonium chloride, nano Cu and polyacrylamide according to the above mass percentages, placing them in a 70° C. constant temperature water bath and stirring to dissolve, stirring for 1 hour until they are evenly mixed to obtain a molten mixture B; Step 3, packaging the molten mixtures A and B in a sandwich form in an insulation box to complete the preparation; the sandwich form is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are organic phase change cold storage materials, and the middle layer is inorganic phase change cold storage material.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material, characterized in that: include: An insulated box shell and a sandwich structure arranged in the insulated box shell; wherein, The sandwich structure is composed of an organic phase change cold storage material layer (1) and an inorganic phase change cold storage material layer (2), and a separation layer (3) is provided between the organic phase change cold storage material layer (1) and the inorganic phase change cold storage material layer (2); The organic phase change cold storage material in the organic phase change cold storage material layer (1) is a molten mixture obtained by uniformly melting and blending lauric acid and tetradecane; the inorganic phase change cold storage material in the inorganic phase change cold storage material layer (2) is a molten mixture obtained by uniformly melting and blending ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor into sodium carbonate decahydrate.

2. The organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the organic phase change cold storage material in the organic phase change cold storage material layer (1), the mass percentage of lauric acid is 19% to 22%, and the mass percentage of tetradecane is 78% to 81%.

3. The organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the inorganic phase change cold storage material in the inorganic phase change cold storage material layer (2), the mass percentage of sodium carbonate decahydrate is 80%-85%, the mass percentage of the temperature control agent is 10%-15%, the mass percentage of the supercooling inhibitor is 1%-3%, and the mass percentage of the phase separation inhibitor is 2%-4%.

4. The organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sandwich structure is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are both organic phase change cold storage material layers (1), and the middle layer is an inorganic phase change cold storage material layer (2).

5. A method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Melting and uniformly blending lauric acid and tetradecane to obtain a molten mixture A as an organic phase change cold storage material; Adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and melting and blending them uniformly to obtain a molten mixture B as an inorganic phase change cold storage material; The molten mixture A and the molten mixture B are packaged in a sandwich structure in an insulation box shell to obtain an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material; wherein a separation layer is provided between the molten mixture A and the molten mixture B.

6. The method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step of uniformly melting and blending lauric acid and tetradecane to obtain a molten mixture A as an organic phase change cold storage material, the mass percentage of lauric acid is 19% to 22%, and the mass percentage of tetradecane is 78% to 81%.

7. The method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step of adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano-copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and melt-blending them uniformly to obtain a molten mixture B as an inorganic phase change cold storage material, the mass percentage of sodium carbonate decahydrate is 80% to 85%, the mass percentage of the temperature control agent is 10% to 15%, the mass percentage of the supercooling inhibitor is 1% to 3%, and the mass percentage of the phase separation inhibitor is 2% to 4%.

8. The method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sandwich structure is divided into three layers, the upper and lower layers are organic phase change cold storage material layers formed by organic phase change cold storage material, and the middle layer is an inorganic phase change cold storage material layer formed by inorganic phase change cold storage material.

9. The method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step of uniformly melting and blending lauric acid and tetradecane to obtain a molten mixture A as an organic phase change cold storage material; and in the step of adding ammonium chloride as a temperature regulator, nano-copper as a supercooling inhibitor, and polyacrylamide as a phase separation inhibitor to sodium carbonate decahydrate and uniformly melting and blending to obtain a molten mixture B as an inorganic phase change cold storage material, the melt blending is carried out in a constant temperature environment, and the temperature range is 50°C to 70°C.

10. The method for preparing an organic and inorganic composite phase change cold storage material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the organic phase change cold storage material, the mass percentage of lauric acid is 20%, and the mass percentage of tetradecane is 80%; the phase change temperature of the organic phase change cold storage material is 4.29°C, and the phase change latent heat is 206.1 J / g; In the inorganic phase change cold storage material, the mass percentage of sodium carbonate decahydrate is 83%, the mass percentage of ammonium chloride is 12%, the mass percentage of nano copper is 2%, and the mass percentage of polyacrylamide is 3%; the phase change temperature of the inorganic phase change cold storage material is 15.19°C, and the phase change latent heat is 180J / g.

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