Simulation test device and method for monitoring activity of carbon dioxide sequestration fault

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide sequestration simulation experiments, and discloses a simulation test device and method for monitoring activity of a carbon dioxide sequestration fault. The geological similar body sequentially comprises a first fine sand rock layer, a coal layer, a silt rock layer, a conglomerate layer and a second fine sand rock layer from the lower layer to the top layer in the test box body; the first fine sand rock layer, the coal layer, the silt rock layer and the conglomerate layer are filled in the test box body in a staggered manner to form a fault structure; the carbon dioxide injection assembly and the water injection assembly are located outside the test box body, and the output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly is inserted into the fault position of the silt rock stratum; the output end of the water injection assembly is inserted into the conglomerate layer; real-time monitoring is carried out through a plurality of sensors, and real-time recording and monitoring of stratum mechanical behaviors and environmental thermal state changes in the carbon dioxide injection and storage process are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide storage simulation experiments, and in particular to a simulation experiment device and method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault. Background Art

[0002] As a major greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide has the ability to absorb and maintain heat from the earth's surface. This characteristic directly exacerbates global warming, which in turn leads to the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events such as floods and droughts. As one of the key strategies for addressing global climate change, the safe and effective implementation of geological storage of carbon dioxide can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, slow the pace of global warming, improve energy efficiency, and reduce production costs. With the vigorous development of renewable energy, geological storage of carbon dioxide can serve as a bridge in the process of energy structure transformation, helping countries that rely on fossil fuels to steadily move towards a cleaner energy system.

[0003] In the process of promoting carbon dioxide geological storage projects, complex geological conditions and variable fluid dynamic characteristics affect the development and implementation of carbon dioxide geological storage projects. Therefore, before officially launching the practical project, a three-dimensional similarity simulation box test is carried out on the pre-storage area, which can not only understand the actual carbon dioxide migration range and the affected area in advance, but also the preliminary experiment can clarify the storage process, optimize the storage strategy and evaluate potential risks. This process not only helps to improve the storage plan and improve the storage efficiency, but also effectively identify and reduce possible environmental risks. However, the current three-dimensional similarity simulation tests for carbon dioxide fault storage are scarce, both in terms of device design and implementation methods, and have limited guiding value for practical applications. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure that the simulation environment is as close to natural geological conditions as possible for accurately testing the effectiveness of carbon dioxide fault storage technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulation test device and method for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults, so as to solve the technical problem of how to simulate the carbon dioxide fault storage technology in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, comprising a test box, a geological similar body, a carbon dioxide injection component, a water injection component, and a monitoring component; The geological similar body is filled in the test box, and the geological similar body includes a first fine sandstone layer, a coal seam, a siltstone layer, a conglomerate layer and a second fine sandstone layer in order from the bottom layer to the top layer in the test box; the first fine sandstone layer, the coal seam, the siltstone layer and the conglomerate layer are staggered and filled in the test box to form a fault structure; The carbon dioxide injection assembly and the water injection assembly are respectively located outside the test box, and the output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer; the output end of the water injection assembly is inserted into the conglomerate layer; The monitoring component includes a monitoring control station, a shooting component and a plurality of sensors; the monitoring control station is located outside the test box, the shooting component is arranged around the outside of the test box, and the plurality of sensors are respectively arranged in the first fine sandstone layer, the coal seam, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer and the second fine sandstone layer, and the control ends of the plurality of sensors and the shooting component are respectively connected to the monitoring control station.

[0006] Preferably, the test box includes a plurality of steel frames; the plurality of steel frames are spliced ​​to form a box frame; the side walls and the bottom surface of the box frame are provided with plexiglass to form a box structure, and the first fine sandstone layer, coal seam, siltstone layer, conglomerate layer, and the second fine sandstone layer are laid in the box structure in sequence from the bottom layer to the top layer.

[0007] Preferably, the carbon dioxide injection assembly includes a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, a low-temperature water bath, a plunger pump and a gas injection pipe; The output end of the carbon dioxide cylinder is connected to the input end of a low-temperature water bath, and the output end of the low-temperature water bath is connected to the input end of an injection pipe via a plunger pump; the output end of the injection pipe is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer.

[0008] Preferably, the water injection assembly comprises a container, a self-priming pump and a water injection pipe; The container is filled with formation water, and the output end of the container is connected to the input end of a water injection pipe via a self-priming pump; the output end of the water injection pipe is inserted into the conglomerate layer.

[0009] Further, the water injection pipe includes a first water pipe and a second water pipe; One end of the first water pipe is connected to the output end of the container via a self-priming pump, and the other end is connected to the second water pipe; the second water pipe is horizontally laid in the gravel layer; a plurality of output holes are distributed on the pipe body of the second water pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the shooting assembly includes a camera shooting device and a slide rail; The slide rail is disposed around the outside of the test box; the camera shooting device is slidably disposed on the slide rail and is used for shooting the test box around the slide rail.

[0011] Preferably, the plurality of sensors include a plurality of groups of fiber Bragg grating strain sensors, fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors, acoustic emission sensors and carbon dioxide sensors; A plurality of groups of fiber Bragg grating strain sensors and fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors are respectively buried in the first fine sandstone layer, the coal seam, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer and the second fine sandstone layer; A plurality of groups of acoustic emission sensors and carbon dioxide sensors are respectively arranged on the surface of the second fine sandstone layer.

[0012] Preferably, the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer and the second fine sandstone layer are layered using mica structures.

[0013] Preferably, the fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer, the coal seam, the siltstone layer and the conglomerate layer is formed by paving quartz sand, wherein the inclination angles of the fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer, the coal seam, the siltstone layer and the conglomerate layer are the same.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a simulation test method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, based on the above-mentioned simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, characterized in that the simulation test method specifically includes the following process: The first fine sandstone layer, coal seam, siltstone layer, conglomerate layer and the second fine sandstone layer are laid from the bottom layer to the top layer in the test box, and the first fine sandstone layer, coal seam, siltstone layer and conglomerate layer are laid in a staggered manner to form a fault structure; at the same time, a number of sensors are buried in the first fine sandstone layer, coal seam, siltstone layer, conglomerate layer and the second fine sandstone layer in sequence; After the water injection component injects formation water into the gravel layer through the output end, the carbon dioxide is injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer through the output end through the carbon dioxide injection component; at this time, the shooting component takes pictures around the test box and feeds the photographed data back to the monitoring and control station. At the same time, several sensors feed back strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage data to the monitoring and control station in real time, completing the simulation test of carbon dioxide storage fault activity monitoring.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention provides a simulation test device for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults. By filling different geological analogs in a test box, it is easy to simulate geological structures of different scales to study the migration and storage characteristics of carbon dioxide at different scales. Formation water and carbon dioxide are injected into the geological analogs respectively, which can reproduce faults, cracks and other geological structures, and truly reproduce underground aquifers, so as to achieve real-time observation of mechanical behaviors such as fault slip and closure changes, improve the accuracy of geological simulation tests, and make the test results closer to the situation under natural geological conditions. Real-time monitoring is carried out through multiple sensors, which realizes real-time recording and monitoring of changes in formation mechanical behaviors and environmental thermal states during carbon dioxide injection and storage. At the same time, a shooting component is arranged around the outside of the test box to achieve real-time monitoring of changes in the geological structure of the test box.

[0016] Furthermore, the steel frame, as the main supporting structure of the box frame, ensures the stability and load-bearing capacity of the entire test box, so that the box can withstand the pressure generated by the geological similar bodies filled inside and the injected fluid, ensuring the safety of the test process. The use of organic glass not only maintains the transparency of the box, allowing researchers to intuitively observe the changes in the geological structure inside the box, but also the organic glass itself has a certain strength and corrosion resistance, and can adapt to various environmental conditions during the test.

[0017] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide cylinder, as a gas source, provides a stable and controllable supply of carbon dioxide. By adjusting the opening degree and pressure of the gas cylinder, the amount and rate of carbon dioxide injected can be precisely controlled. The use of a low-temperature water bath can reduce the temperature of carbon dioxide and simulate the lower ambient temperature deep underground. This temperature control helps to study the influence of temperature on the migration and storage characteristics of carbon dioxide and improve the accuracy and scientificity of the test. As a power source, the plunger pump can inject low-temperature carbon dioxide into the fault position of the siltstone layer in the test box at a stable pressure and flow rate. The high efficiency and stability of the plunger pump ensure the continuity and controllability of the injection process and avoid interference with the test results due to pressure fluctuations. The design of the gas injection pipe enables carbon dioxide to be directly injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer, which is the key to simulating the activity of the fault and its influence on the carbon dioxide storage effect. By precisely controlling the injection position, the influence of faults on the migration path of carbon dioxide, storage efficiency and stability of geological structures can be deeply studied.

[0018] Furthermore, the container is filled with formation water, which ensures that the quality of the water injected into the ground is similar to that of the formation itself, which helps maintain the stability and permeability of the formation. The self-priming pump can effectively extract formation water from the container and inject it into the gravel layer through the injection pipe, realizing the precise delivery of groundwater. The output end of the injection pipe is directly inserted into the gravel layer, ensuring that the water can directly act on the target formation and improving the injection efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, the first water pipe serves as the main pipeline connecting the self-priming pump and the container, ensuring the stable delivery of water flow. The second water pipe serves as a pipeline for water flow distribution, which is laid horizontally in the gravel layer, so that the water flow can be more evenly distributed in the target formation. The setting of the output hole allows the water flow to be injected into the gravel layer from multiple points at the same time, further improving the uniformity and permeability of the water flow. By injecting water simultaneously through multiple output holes on the second water pipe, the water injection speed can be significantly accelerated and the water injection efficiency can be improved. The evenly distributed water flow helps to better maintain the permeability and pressure balance of the formation, thereby improving the efficiency of oil and gas extraction. The evenly distributed water flow can reduce the deformation or damage of the formation caused by excessive or insufficient local water injection. The setting of the output hole allows the water flow to penetrate deeper into the gravel layer, which helps to enhance the overall stability of the formation.

[0020] Furthermore, the camera shooting device is slidably arranged on the slide rail surrounding the outside of the test box, which can realize all-round and multi-angle shooting of the test box 1, ensuring the comprehensiveness and completeness of the shooting content, and helping to capture every detail in the test process. The surrounding setting of the slide rail and the sliding function of the camera shooting device allow the photographer to easily adjust the shooting angle and position as needed. This flexibility not only improves the accuracy of shooting, but also makes the shooting process more efficient and convenient.

[0021] Furthermore, by burying fiber Bragg grating strain sensors and fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors in multiple strata, the strain and temperature changes of these strata can be monitored in real time. Fiber Bragg grating sensors can accurately measure tiny strain and temperature changes. By setting up multiple groups of acoustic emission sensors on the surface of the second fine sandstone layer, the acoustic wave signals generated by stress changes, rock fractures, etc. in the strata can be monitored. Acoustic emission monitoring helps to warn of potential disasters in the strata in advance, such as earthquakes, rock displacement, etc., so as to take corresponding preventive measures. The setting of carbon dioxide sensors can monitor the concentration changes of carbon dioxide in the strata in real time. This is of great significance for evaluating the feasibility of underground storage of carbon dioxide, monitoring gas leakage during oil and gas production, and studying changes in gas composition in strata.

[0022] Furthermore, the mica structure has good mechanical properties and stability, which can effectively separate and support different strata, prevent interaction and displacement between strata, and thus enhance the stability of the entire stratum. Mica material has certain waterproof properties, which can prevent the penetration and diffusion of groundwater or other fluids between different strata, and help keep the strata dry and stable.

[0023] Furthermore, quartz sand, as a hard granular material, has good mechanical properties and stability. By laying quartz sand to fill the fault structure, the stability and bearing capacity of the fault can be effectively enhanced to prevent the fault from sliding or collapsing. Keeping the same inclination angle of the fault structure can make the fault more uniform when subjected to force and reduce the damage caused by stress concentration. At the same time, the uniform inclination angle also helps to improve the overall stability and reliability of the fault structure.

[0024] The present invention also provides a simulation test method for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults. By laying a first fine sandstone layer, a coal seam, a siltstone layer, a conglomerate layer and a second fine sandstone layer in the test box from the bottom to the top layer, and simulating the fault structure, the actual situation in the geological environment can be highly restored. This simulation helps to more accurately evaluate the changes in fault activity during carbon dioxide storage. By burying sensors in multiple strata, including strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage sensors, various responses of faults during carbon dioxide storage can be monitored in real time. These data provide an important basis for evaluating fault stability and predicting potential risks. The shooting component takes pictures around the test box to capture subtle changes in strata and fault structures. At the same time, the data collected by the sensor is combined with the shooting data to form a comprehensive data set for subsequent data analysis and simulation research. By simulating the carbon dioxide injection process and monitoring the changes in strata and faults in real time, the effect of carbon dioxide storage can be efficiently evaluated. This helps to optimize the storage strategy, improve the storage efficiency, and reduce the impact on the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a simulation test device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring component structure in an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Test box; 2. Geological similar body; 3. Carbon dioxide injection assembly; 4. Water injection assembly; 5. Monitoring assembly; 1-1. Steel frame; 1-2. Organic glass; 2-1. First fine sandstone layer; 2-2. Coal seam; 2-3. Siltstone layer; 2-4. Conglomerate layer; 2-5. Second fine sandstone layer; 3-1. Carbon dioxide cylinder; 3-2. Low temperature water bath; 3-3. Plunger pump; 3-4. Gas injection pipe; 4-1. Container; 4-2. Self-priming pump; 4-3. Water injection pipe; 5-1. Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; 5-2. Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor; 5-3. Acoustic emission sensor; 5-4. Carbon dioxide sensor; 5-5. Monitoring and control station; 5-6. Camera shooting device; 5-7. Slide rail. 4-3-1. First water pipe; 4-3-2. Second water pipe; 4-3-3. Output hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulation test device and method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, so as to solve the technical problem of how to simulate the carbon dioxide fault storage technology in the prior art.

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Example 1 See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one embodiment of the present invention, a simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault is provided, comprising a test box 1, a geological similar body 2, a carbon dioxide injection assembly 3, a water injection assembly 4 and a monitoring assembly 5; the geological similar body 2 is filled in the test box 1, and the geological similar body 2 in the test box 1 includes, from the bottom to the top layer, a first fine sandstone layer 2-1, a coal seam 2-2, a siltstone layer 2-3, a conglomerate layer 2-4 and a second fine sandstone layer 2-5; the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3 and the conglomerate layer 2-4 are staggered and filled in the test box 1 to form a fault structure; the carbon dioxide injection assembly 3 and water injection assembly 4 are respectively located outside the test box 1, and the output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly 3 is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer 2-3; the output end of the water injection assembly 4 is inserted into the conglomerate layer 2-4; the monitoring assembly 5 includes a monitoring control station 5-5, a shooting assembly and a plurality of sensors; the monitoring control station 5-5 is located outside the test box 1, the shooting assembly is arranged around the outside of the test box 1, and a plurality of sensors are respectively arranged in the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4, and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5, and the control ends of the plurality of sensors and the shooting assembly are respectively connected to the monitoring control station 5-5.

[0029] Specifically, the test box 1 includes a plurality of steel frames 1-1; a plurality of steel frames 1-1 are spliced ​​to form a box frame; the side walls and the bottom surface of the box frame are provided with organic glass 1-2 to form a box structure, and the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4, and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5 are laid in the box structure from the bottom to the top layer.

[0030] In this embodiment, the box frame is detachable, and the walls are connected by threads; the side walls and the bottom surface of the box frame are provided with organic glass 1-2 to form a box structure, wherein the connection between the organic glass 1-2 and the box frame is sealed with sealant, and the organic glass 1-2 is marked with a marker to ensure that the thickness of each layer is within the control range during the laying of materials. In addition, the organic glass 1-2 provides convenience for visual observation.

[0031] Specifically, the carbon dioxide injection assembly 3 includes a carbon dioxide cylinder 3-1, a low-temperature water bath 3-2, a plunger pump 3-3 and an injection pipe 3-4; the output end of the carbon dioxide cylinder 3-1 is connected to the input end of the low-temperature water bath 3-2, and the output end of the low-temperature water bath 3-2 is connected to the input end of the injection pipe 3-4 via the plunger pump 3-3; the output end of the injection pipe 3-4 is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer 2-3.

[0032] In this embodiment, when injecting carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide cylinder 3-1 is first opened to allow the carbon dioxide to enter the low-temperature water bath 3-2. When the carbon dioxide is completely converted into liquid, the carbon dioxide is injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer 2-3 through the gas injection pipe 3-4 by the plunger pump 3-3.

[0033] Specifically, the water injection assembly 4 includes a container 4-1, a self-priming pump 4-2 and a water injection pipe 4-3; the container 4-1 is filled with formation water, and the output end of the container 4-1 is connected to the input end of the water injection pipe 4-3 through the self-priming pump 4-2; the output end of the water injection pipe 4-3 is inserted into the gravel layer 2-4.

[0034] In this embodiment, the gravel layer 2-4 is an aquifer, the bottom end of the water injection pipe 4-3 is located in the gravel layer 2-4 (i.e., the aquifer), and the top end of the water injection pipe 4-3 is located in the atmosphere. Before the carbon dioxide is injected, the formation water in the container 4-1 is injected into the gravel layer 2-4 (i.e., the aquifer) through the water injection pipe 4-3 by the self-priming pump 4-2. When the formation water is difficult to inject, the water injection is stopped. After the water injection is completed, the water injection pipe 4-3 is sealed with cement, and the water injection pipe 4-3 is reopened when the formation water is injected next time.

[0035] Among them, the water injection pipe 4-3 includes a first water pipe 4-3-1 and a second water pipe 4-3-2; one end of the first water pipe 4-3-1 is connected to the output end of the container 4-1 through a self-priming pump 4-2, and the other end is connected to the second water pipe 4-3-2; the second water pipe 4-3-2 is horizontally laid in the gravel layer 2-4; a plurality of output holes 4-3-3 are distributed on the pipe body of the second water pipe 4-3-2.

[0036] Specifically, the shooting component includes a camera shooting device 5-6 and a slide rail 5-7; the slide rail 5-7 is arranged in a surrounding manner on the outside of the test box 1; the camera shooting device 5-6 is slidably arranged on the slide rail 5-7, and is used to perform surrounding shooting of the test box 1 through the slide rail 5-7.

[0037] In this embodiment, the changes of the geological analogue 2 during the carbon dioxide storage fault activity monitoring simulation are recorded by the camera shooting device 5-6, and a camera system for collecting the real-time status of the geological analogue 2 during the simulation process is set outside the test box 1. The slide rail 5-7 is arranged on the outside of the test box 1, and the camera shooting device 5-6 is fixed on the slide rail 5-7 to observe the real-time changes of the geological analogue 2 according to the actual experimental requirements.

[0038] Specifically, the sensors include multiple groups of fiber grating strain sensors 5-1, fiber grating temperature sensors 5-2, acoustic emission sensors 5-3 and carbon dioxide sensors 5-4; multiple groups of fiber grating strain sensors 5-1 and fiber grating temperature sensors 5-2 are respectively buried in the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, coal seam 2-2, siltstone layer 2-3, conglomerate layer 2-4 and second fine sandstone layer 2-5; multiple groups of acoustic emission sensors 5-3 and carbon dioxide sensors 5-4 are respectively arranged on the surface of the second fine sandstone layer 2-5.

[0039] In this embodiment, the monitoring component 5 includes a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5-1 set in each layer of the geological similar body 2 and used to monitor the strain data of the geological similar body 2, a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 5-2 for monitoring the temperature data in the geological similar body 2, an acoustic emission sensor 5-3 set outside the geological similar body 2 for monitoring, a carbon dioxide sensor 5-4 set on the surface of the geological similar body 2 for monitoring whether there is carbon dioxide leakage in the atmosphere, and a monitoring control station 5-5 for collecting data from each sensor. The monitoring control station 5-5 collects strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage data during the test, monitors the strain and temperature changes of the stratum in real time, analyzes the carbon dioxide migration path and observes the changes in the stratum structure and groundwater. According to the test needs, the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5-1 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 5-2 are buried in the geological similar body 2, and the acoustic emission sensor 5-3 and the carbon dioxide sensor 5-4 are set on the surface. Multiple sensors and camera shooting devices 5-6 are respectively connected to the monitoring control station 5-5. After each layer of sensors is buried, the data transmission of the monitoring control station 5-5 is tested.

[0040] Specifically, the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4 and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5 are layered using mica structures.

[0041] Specifically, the fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3 and the conglomerate layer 2-4 is formed by paving quartz sand, wherein the inclination angles of the fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3 and the conglomerate layer 2-4 are the same.

[0042] In this embodiment, each layer is made of cement, sand and gypsum in a certain proportion, and the specific proportion is determined according to the actual strength of the stratum. Among them, geological structures such as faults are simulated with quartz sand, and the thickness of quartz sand is determined according to the width and similarity ratio of the specific geological structure. According to different stratum structures, faults, cracks and other complex geological structures can be simulated in the geological analog body 2 system, and the true reproduction of the underground aquifer can be completed through the water injection pipe 4-3.

[0043] In this embodiment, faults, cracks and other complex geological structures can be simulated in the geological analog body 2 system according to different stratum structures. At the same time, the real simulation of the underground aquifer is completed through the water injection pipe 4-3, and the pressure of the underground high-pressure environment can also be simulated. Without interfering with the test, the changing behavior of the geological structure such as the fault inside the stratum can be directly observed through the plexiglass on the outer wall.

[0044] In summary, this embodiment provides a simulation test device for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults. The simulation test device provides a three-dimensional large-scale test platform for carbon dioxide storage. An acoustic emission sensor 5-3 is set on the surface, and a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5-1 and a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 5-2 are set inside the formation material, which realizes the real-time recording and monitoring of the mechanical behavior of the formation and the change of the environmental thermal state during the injection and storage of carbon dioxide. A carbon dioxide sensor 5-4 is set on the surface to realize the accurate prediction of the carbon dioxide leakage location, forming a complete monitoring system; in addition, a slide rail 5-7 is arranged outside the test box 1, and the camera shooting device 5-6 can move along the rail 5-7 to realize real-time monitoring of the geological structure changes of the test box 1. At the same time, the three-dimensional test platform can reproduce faults, cracks and other geological structures, and truly reproduce the underground aquifer, realize real-time observation of mechanical behaviors such as fault slip and closure changes, and can improve the accuracy of geological simulation tests, so that the test results are closer to the situation under natural geological conditions. On a macro scale, the device can simulate geological units such as rocks and fracture networks, and study the flow path and distribution pattern of carbon dioxide in geological structures according to the time when the sensor changes. In addition, this embodiment can better understand the migration and storage mechanism of carbon dioxide underground through a three-dimensional similarity simulation experiment of carbon dioxide storage, optimize the carbon dioxide storage strategy, guide the design and implementation of actual storage projects through test results, improve storage efficiency and safety, reduce the risk of carbon dioxide leakage, and reduce the potential impact on the environment and ecosystem.

[0045] Example 2 This embodiment provides a simulation test method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault. Based on the simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault described above, the simulation test method specifically includes the following process: The first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4 and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5 are laid from the bottom layer to the top layer in the test box 1. During the laying, the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3 and the conglomerate layer 2-4 are laid in an offset manner to form a fault structure; at the same time, an acoustic emission sensor 5-3 is arranged on the surface, and a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5-1 and a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 5-2 are arranged inside the formation material, so as to realize the real-time recording and monitoring of the mechanical behavior of the formation and the change of the environmental thermal state during the injection and storage of carbon dioxide, and a carbon dioxide sensor 5-4 is arranged on the surface to realize the accurate prediction of the carbon dioxide leakage position, forming a complete monitoring system; The formation water in the container 4-1 is injected into the gravel layer 2-4 through the water injection pipe 4-3 by the self-priming pump 4-2, and then the carbon dioxide cylinder 3-1 is opened to allow the carbon dioxide to enter the low-temperature water bath 3-2. When the carbon dioxide is completely converted into liquid, the carbon dioxide is injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer 2-3 through the gas injection pipe 3-4 by the plunger pump 3-3; the camera shooting device 5-6 can move along the track 5-7 to realize real-time monitoring of the geological structure changes of the test box 1, and feed back the captured data to the monitoring and control station 5-5. At the same time, a number of sensors feed back the strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage data to the monitoring and control station 5-5 in real time, completing the simulation test of carbon dioxide storage fault activity monitoring.

[0046] In summary, this embodiment proposes a simulation test method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, which can reproduce the complex geological structure and fluid dynamics behavior of the underground in a laboratory environment, predict and evaluate the migration, diffusion and long-term storage effect of carbon dioxide in the underground before the actual storage operation, optimize the storage scheme, improve the storage efficiency, and reduce potential environmental risks. The method can reproduce the underground formation water environment and can truly restore the formation structure. In addition, the device can simulate the actual fault conditions of the formation to study the impact of injected carbon dioxide on the underground geological structure, and capture the characteristic information of the formation structure change through the monitoring equipment of the device. If the device can be used to simulate the actual formation structure and groundwater environment in three dimensions during the carbon dioxide geological storage project to monitor the parameter impact of injected carbon dioxide on the geological body in real time, it can not only reveal the structural changes of the underground geological body under the condition of carbon dioxide injection and capture the characteristic information in real time, but also provide guidance for the actual engineering on site to ensure the efficiency and economy in the actual storage project and optimize the process.

[0047] In this embodiment, geological structures of different scales can be simulated to study the migration and storage characteristics of carbon dioxide at different scales. Specifically, at the microscopic scale, the device can simulate the influence of rock pore structure, cracks and mineral particles on the adsorption, dissolution and diffusion process of carbon dioxide underground. At the macroscopic scale, the device can simulate geological units such as rock layers and crack networks, and study the flow path and distribution pattern of carbon dioxide in geological structures according to the time when the sensor changes. Through three-dimensional similarity simulation experiments on carbon dioxide storage, we can better understand the migration and storage mechanism of carbon dioxide underground, optimize carbon dioxide storage strategies, guide the design and implementation of actual storage projects through experimental results, improve storage efficiency and safety, reduce the risk of carbon dioxide leakage, and reduce potential impacts on the environment and ecosystems.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, characterized in that: It includes a test chamber (1), a geological similar body (2), a carbon dioxide injection component (3), a water injection component (4), and a monitoring component (5); The geological analogue (2) is filled in the test box (1), and the geological analogue (2) includes, from the bottom layer to the top layer, a first fine sandstone layer (2-1), a coal seam (2-2), a siltstone layer (2-3), a conglomerate layer (2-4), and a second fine sandstone layer (2-5); the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), and the conglomerate layer (2-4) are filled in the test box (1) in a dislocated manner to form a fault structure; The carbon dioxide injection assembly (3) and the water injection assembly (4) are respectively located outside the test box (1), and the output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly (3) is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer (2-3); the output end of the water injection assembly (4) is inserted into the conglomerate layer (2-4); The monitoring component (5) comprises a monitoring control station (5-5), a photographing component and a plurality of sensors; the monitoring control station (5-5) is located outside the test box (1); the photographing component is arranged around the outside of the test box (1); the plurality of sensors are respectively arranged in the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4) and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5); and the control ends of the plurality of sensors and the photographing component are respectively connected to the monitoring control station (5-5).

2. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test box (1) comprises a plurality of steel frames (1-1); the plurality of steel frames (1-1) are spliced ​​together to form a box frame; the side walls and the bottom surface of the box frame are provided with organic glass (1-2) to form a box structure; the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4), and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5) are laid in the box structure in sequence from the bottom layer to the top layer.

3. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide injection assembly (3) comprises a carbon dioxide gas cylinder (3-1), a low-temperature water bath (3-2), a plunger pump (3-3) and a gas injection pipe (3-4); The output end of the carbon dioxide gas cylinder (3-1) is connected to the input end of a low-temperature water bath (3-2), and the output end of the low-temperature water bath (3-2) is connected to the input end of an air injection pipe (3-4) via a plunger pump (3-3); the output end of the air injection pipe (3-4) is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer (2-3).

4. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water injection assembly (4) comprises a container (4-1), a self-priming pump (4-2) and a water injection pipe (4-3); The container (4-1) contains formation water, and the output end of the container (4-1) is connected to the input end of a water injection pipe (4-3) via a self-priming pump (4-2); the output end of the water injection pipe (4-3) is inserted into the conglomerate layer (2-4).

5. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water injection pipe (4-3) comprises a first water pipe (4-3-1) and a second water pipe (4-3-2); One end of the first water pipe (4-3-1) is connected to the output end of the container (4-1) via a self-priming pump (4-2), and the other end is in communication with the second water pipe (4-3-2); the second water pipe (4-3-2) is horizontally laid in the gravel layer (2-4); a plurality of output holes (4-3-3) are distributed on the pipe body of the second water pipe (4-3-2).

6. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shooting component comprises a camera shooting device (5-6) and a slide rail (5-7); The slide rail (5-7) is disposed around the outside of the test box (1); and the camera shooting device (5-6) is slidably disposed on the slide rail (5-7) and is used to perform surrounding shooting of the test box (1) through the slide rail (5-7).

7. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of sensors include a plurality of fiber Bragg grating strain sensors (5-1), a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor (5-2), an acoustic emission sensor (5-3) and a carbon dioxide sensor (5-4); A plurality of groups of fiber grating strain sensors (5-1) and fiber grating temperature sensors (5-2) are respectively buried in a first fine sandstone layer (2-1), a coal seam (2-2), a siltstone layer (2-3), a conglomerate layer (2-4) and a second fine sandstone layer (2-5); A plurality of groups of acoustic emission sensors (5-3) and carbon dioxide sensors (5-4) are respectively arranged on the surface of the second fine sandstone layer (2-5).

8. The simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4) and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5) are respectively layered using a mica structure.

9. The simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3) and the conglomerate layer (2-4) is formed by paving quartz sand, wherein the inclination angles of the fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3) and the conglomerate layer (2-4) are the same.

10. A simulation test method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, based on a simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The simulation test method specifically includes the following process: The first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4) and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5) are laid from the bottom layer to the top layer in the test box (1), and the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3) and the conglomerate layer (2-4) are laid in an offset manner to form a fault structure; and a plurality of sensors are buried in the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4) and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5) in sequence; After the water injection component (4) injects formation water into the gravel layer (2-4) through the output end, the carbon dioxide is injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer (2-3) through the output end through the carbon dioxide injection component (3); at this time, the shooting component takes pictures around the test box (1) and feeds the photographed data back to the monitoring and control station (5-5), and at the same time, a number of sensors feed back strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage data to the monitoring and control station (5-5) in real time, completing the simulation test of carbon dioxide storage fault activity monitoring.

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