Method for testing photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet ray passing rate and related device

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet passing rate and a related device. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out circumferential spatial morphology surveying and mapping on a photovoltaic tube to obtain a three-dimensional optical characteristic database, carrying out circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation based on the database and applying synchronous stretching-torsion coupling stress, and constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment to form a heat-humidity interaction field, the method comprises the following steps: performing circumferential scanning on the inner surface of a pipe body by adopting dual-band imaging to obtain a microtopography characteristic spectrum, determining a suspicious defect area based on the spectrum, performing gas collection to obtain chemical degradation data, and finally performing multi-dimensional correlation analysis to obtain a failure risk level of each arc section. According to the testing method, local material degradation induced by the ultraviolet band under the tubular structure can be detected with high sensitivity, the long-term reliability of the photovoltaic tube with the low ultraviolet passing rate is comprehensively evaluated, micro defects are found in advance, the service life of the photovoltaic tube is prolonged, and the power generation performance of the photovoltaic tube is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic tube testing, and in particular to a testing method and a related device for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate. Background Art

[0002] Low UV transmittance photovoltaic tubes are a type of solar power generation component specially designed to limit the penetration of ultraviolet rays. Their structure is usually encapsulated as a whole using tubular glass or polymer shells, and the interior is filled with adhesive layers and photovoltaic cells. This design is intended to effectively block ultraviolet rays and reduce potential damage to packaging materials and cells, thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic tube and maintaining its optical uniformity. Low UV transmittance photovoltaic tubes are widely used in building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), outdoor lighting, traffic signal devices, and artistic decoration. They are particularly suitable for scenes that require both aesthetics and functionality, such as high-rise building exterior walls, bridge structures, and public facilities. This type of photovoltaic tube can not only achieve efficient solar energy conversion, but also provide beautiful photovoltaic combination effects in specific environments, meeting the dual needs of modern architecture and urban landscapes for sustainable energy and visual design.

[0003] However, existing testing methods mainly focus on basic aging tests in the visible and near-infrared bands, which makes it difficult to accurately simulate and monitor the complex environmental changes of low UV pass rate photovoltaic tubes under different intensities of UV radiation and temperature and humidity gradients. In practical applications, light in the UV band will induce microscopic degradation of packaging materials and adhesive layers, such as material outgassing, bubble formation, and the appearance of optical defects. These subtle changes are often difficult to detect in time through traditional testing methods, resulting in unforeseen failures or serious performance degradation of photovoltaic tubes in long-term operation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can perform high-sensitivity detection of local material degradation induced by the UV band under tubular structures, so as to comprehensively evaluate the long-term reliability of low UV pass rate photovoltaic tubes, and pre-detect potential subtle defects at an early stage, thereby improving the overall performance and service life of photovoltaic tubes. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem of the existing low ultraviolet pass rate photovoltaic tube testing method in high-sensitivity detection of local material degradation and fine defects.

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for testing a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet light transmission rate, the method comprising: Perform circumferential spatial morphology mapping on the photovoltaic tube to obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point on the tube body, and generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body based on the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point; Based on the three-dimensional optical property database, a circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme is constructed, and a tensile-torsion coupling stress synchronized with the illumination is applied to the tube body during the change of the illumination angle, and the spectral response data and stress-strain curves of the tube body at different irradiation angles are recorded; A heat-humidity interaction field is formed by constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment, so that the pipe body is in periodic contact with the heat-humidity interaction field, and the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area are collected to obtain a heat-humidity response data set of the pipe body; The inner surface of the tube is scanned circumferentially by using a dual-band imaging method, and the scanned data is corrected and processed according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube; Determine the suspected defect area of ​​the tube body based on the microscopic morphology characteristic map, construct a gas collection channel in the suspected defect area, obtain material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, perform molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles, and obtain chemical degradation data of the material; The spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal and moisture response data set, microscopic morphology feature map and chemical degradation data are subjected to multi-dimensional correlation analysis to generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments and obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment.

[0006] Optionally, the circumferential spatial morphology of the photovoltaic tube is measured and mapped to obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point of the tube body, and a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body is generated according to the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point, including: Perform multi-angle spiral scanning on the tube body to obtain discrete point cloud data on the surface of the tube body, calculate the curvature change rate and surface micro-roughness of each sampling point based on the discrete point cloud data, and obtain refined arc surface feature data of the tube body; The ultraviolet spectrum energy attenuation analysis is performed on each sampling point at a preset wavelength interval, and the light intensity attenuation curve is recorded at different incident angles to obtain the circumferential spectrum response characteristics of the tube surface; Performing spatial mapping calibration on the circumferential spectral response characteristics according to the refined arc surface feature data, calculating the wavelength-dependent transmittance correction coefficient of each sampling point, and obtaining the circumferential optical transfer function of the tube body; The refined arc surface feature data, the circumferential spectral response characteristics and the circumferential optical transfer function are subjected to multi-dimensional data fusion to generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body.

[0007] Optionally, the circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme is constructed based on the three-dimensional optical property database, a tensile-torsion coupling stress synchronized with the illumination is applied to the tube body during the illumination angle change process, and the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of the tube body at different irradiation angles are recorded, including: According to the refined arc surface feature data and the annular optical transfer function in the three-dimensional optical property database, the surface of the tube body is annularly partitioned, and the ultraviolet spectrum attenuation gradient of each partition is calculated to obtain the spatial optical response characteristics of the tube body; Performing band analysis on the spatial optical response characteristics, setting a corresponding ultraviolet-visible light wavelength combination in each partition, and calculating the energy distribution ratio of each wavelength combination to obtain a circumferential composite spectrum acceleration scheme; According to the circumferential composite spectrum acceleration scheme, a combination of angle-synchronized tensile stress and torsional stress is set on the surface of the tube body, and the corresponding relationship between the stress amplitude and the illumination timing at each circumferential angle is calculated to obtain the light-force synchronous loading parameters; Based on the light-force synchronous loading parameters, a synchronously changing tensile-torsion coupling stress is applied to the tube body during the circumferential illumination rotation process, and the spectral energy distribution and local strain response at each angular position are recorded to obtain a real-time spectral attenuation curve of the tube body surface; The real-time spectral attenuation curve and the local strain response are subjected to time-series coupling analysis to extract the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of each partition.

[0008] Optionally, the heat and moisture interaction field is formed by constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment, so that the pipe body is in periodic contact with the heat and moisture interaction field, and the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area are collected to obtain a heat and moisture response data set of the pipe body, including: According to the spectral response data and the stress-strain curve, the pipe body is divided into circumferential temperature zones, an alternating temperature gradient field is set in each zone, and the transient temperature change data of each area of ​​the pipe body is recorded to obtain the multi-dimensional temperature distribution characteristics of the pipe body surface; Performing gradient analysis on the multi-dimensional temperature distribution characteristics to determine the key area with the largest temperature change rate, setting cyclic water vapor loading parameters in the key area to obtain heat-humidity synergistic zoning on the pipe surface; According to the heat-humidity cooperative partition, the pipe body is subjected to a step-by-step temperature cycle treatment, the pipe body is periodically contacted with the heat-humidity cooperative partition by adjusting the rotation speed of the pipe body, the temperature field evolution and water vapor accelerated penetration data of each test area are recorded, and the heat-humidity coupling response curve of the pipe body is obtained; Performing periodic analysis on the heat-humidity coupling response curve, calculating the temperature hysteresis coefficient and water vapor permeation rate of each area of ​​the pipe body, and obtaining the heat-humidity interaction characteristics; Based on the heat and moisture interaction characteristics, the pipe body is subjected to multi-temperature zone periodic environmental loading, and the spatial distribution of temperature gradient and time-varying parameters of water vapor penetration are collected to obtain the heat and moisture response data set of the pipe body.

[0009] Optionally, the dual-band imaging method is used to perform circumferential scanning on the inner surface of the tube body, and the scanning data is corrected according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body, including: The key detection positions of the pipe body are calibrated according to the heat and moisture response data set, and the inner surface of the pipe body is scanned reciprocally in a circular manner using visible light and near-ultraviolet dual bands to obtain multi-band reflectance spectrum data; Performing circumferential segmentation processing on the multi-band reflection spectrum data, extracting the band absorption characteristics and scattering intensity distribution of each circumferential position, and obtaining an initial spectral image of the inner surface of the tube body; According to the refined arc surface feature data and the annular optical transfer function in the three-dimensional optical property database, the initial spectral image is subjected to surface geometry correction and light intensity compensation to obtain standardized imaging data of the inner surface of the tube body; Performing band difference analysis on the standardized imaging data, calculating the surface morphology characteristics and defect distribution parameters at each circumferential position, and obtaining the microscopic morphology characteristics of the inner surface of the tube body; The microscopic morphological features are spatially mapped with the annular coordinate system of the tube body, and the inner surface morphology distribution is reconstructed in combination with the thermal and moisture response data set to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body.

[0010] Optionally, the method of determining a suspected defective area of ​​the tube body based on the microscopic morphological feature map, constructing a gas collection channel in the suspected defective area, obtaining material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, performing molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles, and obtaining chemical degradation data of the material includes: Analyze the defect density and morphology according to the microscopic morphological feature map, determine the suspected defect area on the surface of the tube body, and set a circumferential sampling point array in the suspected defect area to obtain the gas collection area distribution of the tube body; Constructing a microchannel array gas collection channel at each circumferential position distributed in the gas collection area, applying a gradient decreasing vacuum degree to each microchannel, and superimposing a periodic thermal excitation effect, so as to obtain a gas collection path of the tube body; Based on the gas collection path, directional gas collection is performed under the synergistic effect of pressure gradient and thermal excitation, and the dynamic data of the release of volatile materials at each circumferential position is recorded to obtain the gas collection sequence of the pipe body; Scanning the molecular weight distribution of the material volatiles in the gas collection sequence, establishing a component-time evolution curve of each sampling point, and obtaining chemical component data of the material; The chemical component data is correlated with the microscopic defect morphology under the light-force-heat-humidity coupling effect to obtain the chemical degradation data of the material.

[0011] Optionally, the spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal and moisture response data set, microscopic morphology feature map and chemical degradation data are subjected to multi-dimensional correlation analysis to generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments, and obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment, including: The spectral response data, stress-strain curve and thermal-humidity response data set are subjected to annular partition mapping, the light-force-heat-humidity coupling intensity of each arc segment is calculated, and the multi-field coupling response distribution of the pipe body is obtained; According to the multi-field coupling response distribution and microscopic morphology feature map, the defect morphology and chemical degradation data of each arc segment are analyzed in time series to obtain the performance degradation dynamic characteristics of the tube body; The performance degradation dynamic characteristics are classified according to defect type and evolution rate, and the performance degradation threshold of each arc segment is calculated to obtain the arc segment performance degradation characteristics of the pipe body; The failure mode identification is performed on the performance degradation characteristics of the arc segment, and the failure probability is calculated by combining the multi-field coupling response distribution and chemical degradation data to obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a test device for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate, the test device for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate comprising: The topography mapping module is used to perform circumferential spatial topography mapping on the photovoltaic tube, obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point of the tube body, and generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body according to the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point; A photomechanical coupling module is used to construct a circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme based on the three-dimensional optical property database, apply a tensile-torsion coupling stress synchronized with the illumination to the tube body during the illumination angle change, and record the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of the tube body at different irradiation angles; The heat and moisture response module is used to form a heat and moisture interaction field by constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment, so that the pipe body is in periodic contact with the heat and moisture interaction field, collect the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area, and obtain a heat and moisture response data set of the pipe body; A defect imaging module is used to perform circumferential scanning on the inner surface of the tube body by using a dual-band imaging method, and to perform correction processing on the scanning data according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body; A gas analysis module, used to determine the suspected defect area of ​​the tube body based on the microscopic morphology feature map, construct a gas collection channel in the suspected defect area, obtain material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, perform molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles, and obtain chemical degradation data of the material; The performance evaluation module is used to perform multi-dimensional correlation analysis on the spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal and moisture response data set, microscopic morphology feature map and chemical degradation data, generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments, and obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment.

[0013] A third aspect of the present invention provides a test device for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate, comprising: a memory and at least one processor, wherein instructions are stored in the memory, and the memory and the at least one processor are interconnected via lines; the at least one processor calls the instructions in the memory to enable the test device for the photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate to perform the steps of the above-mentioned test method for the photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate.

[0014] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to execute the steps of the above-mentioned method for testing photovoltaic tubes with low ultraviolet pass rates.

[0015] The testing method for low UV pass rate photovoltaic tubes of the present invention effectively solves the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to detect local material degradation and fine defects induced by tubular photovoltaic components in the ultraviolet band with high sensitivity through systematic and progressive testing steps. First, the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point are obtained by mapping the annular spatial morphology of the photovoltaic tube, and a three-dimensional optical property database is generated in combination with the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data. This process ensures a comprehensive understanding of the geometric morphology and optical properties of the photovoltaic tube, and provides a solid data foundation for subsequent precise testing. Traditional testing methods are mostly aimed at planar components and are difficult to adapt to the complex optical properties of tubular structures. The present method overcomes this limitation through the establishment of a three-dimensional database, and achieves an accurate description of the optical behavior of tubular photovoltaic tubes in their unique morphology.

[0016] Secondly, based on the circumferential UV-visible light composite irradiation scheme constructed based on the three-dimensional optical property database, tensile-torsion coupling stress is applied synchronously during the change of illumination angle, and the spectral response data and stress-strain curve are recorded. This innovative step simulates the dynamic stress and complex lighting conditions that photovoltaic tubes are subjected to in actual use environments, and can induce and accelerate the microscopic degradation of materials in the ultraviolet band. At the same time, the construction of partitioned temperature fields and local humid environments allows the tube body to be in periodic contact in the heat and moisture interaction field, further accelerating the heat and moisture response and degradation process of the material. This multi-factor coupled accelerated aging test not only improves the authenticity and comprehensiveness of the test, but also can reveal potential material defects and packaging failure risks in a short period of time.

[0017] Finally, dual-band imaging is used to perform a circular scan of the inner surface of the tube body, and correction processing is performed in combination with the generated three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map, which can efficiently identify micro defect areas such as cracks and bubbles. By constructing a gas collection channel in the suspected defect area, combining the pressure gradient and thermal excitation, the material volatiles are obtained and the molecular weight distribution analysis is performed, further revealing the chemical degradation of the material. Finally, through multi-dimensional correlation analysis, the spectral response, stress-strain, thermal and humidity response, microscopic morphology and chemical degradation data are comprehensively evaluated to generate performance degradation characteristics and failure risk levels based on the arc segment of the tube body. This integrated method not only realizes a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term reliability of photovoltaic tubes, but also can pre-detect micro defects at an early stage, significantly improve the service life and power generation performance of photovoltaic tubes, and completely solve the core technical problems in existing technologies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for testing a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a testing device for a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet pass rate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of a testing device for a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmittance in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0023] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, "and / or" in the full text includes three solutions. Taking A and / or B as an example, it includes technical solution A, technical solution B, and technical solution that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, which must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0024] An embodiment of the present application provides a method for testing a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet transmittance. Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate provided in an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the method includes: See also Figure 1 , perform circumferential spatial morphology mapping on the photovoltaic tube, obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point of the tube body, and generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body based on the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point; In one embodiment of the present invention, the circumferential spatial morphology of the photovoltaic tube is measured and mapped to obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point of the tube body, and a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body is generated according to the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point, including: multi-angle spiral scanning of the tube body to obtain discrete point cloud data of the tube body surface, and the curvature change rate and surface micro-roughness of each sampling point are calculated according to the discrete point cloud data to obtain refined arc surface feature data of the tube body; ultraviolet spectral energy attenuation analysis is performed on each sampling point at a preset wavelength interval, and light intensity attenuation curves are recorded at different incident angles to obtain the circumferential spectral response characteristics of the tube body surface; spatial mapping and calibration of the circumferential spectral response characteristics are performed according to the refined arc surface feature data, and the wavelength-dependent transmittance correction coefficient of each sampling point is calculated to obtain the circumferential optical transfer function of the tube body; and multi-dimensional data fusion of the refined arc surface feature data, the circumferential spectral response characteristics and the circumferential optical transfer function is performed to generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body.

[0025] Specifically, firstly, the method obtains discrete point cloud data of the tube surface by performing multi-angle spiral scanning on the tube body. This process uses high-resolution three-dimensional scanning technology to capture the subtle geometric features of the surface of the photovoltaic tube by scanning the spiral path along the axial and circumferential directions of the tube body. The discrete point cloud data records the spatial position of each sampling point on the surface of the tube body in detail, reflecting the curvature change rate and surface micro-roughness. The curvature change rate indicates the change of the curvature radius at different positions on the surface of the tube body, revealing the geometric complexity of the tube body on the curved surface; the surface micro-roughness describes the tiny unevenness and texture characteristics of the tube surface, which has an important influence on the scattering and reflection behavior of light. For example, in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications, photovoltaic tubes need to fit perfectly with the exterior walls of buildings. Refined geometric feature data can ensure that the optical performance of photovoltaic tubes in actual installation is not affected by morphological errors, thereby maintaining high light energy conversion efficiency. Through the precise calculation and analysis of discrete point cloud data, refined curved surface feature data of the tube body is generated, which not only ensures the high accuracy of geometric information, but also provides a solid data foundation for subsequent optical property analysis.

[0026] Next, the method performs ultraviolet spectral energy attenuation analysis on each sampling point at a preset wavelength interval, and records the light intensity attenuation curve at different incident angles to obtain the circumferential spectral response characteristics of the tube surface. In this step, a plurality of predetermined ultraviolet wavelengths are selected to perform spectral energy attenuation tests on each sampling point, and the changes in light intensity at different incident angles are recorded. Spectral energy attenuation analysis reveals the transmission and reflection characteristics of ultraviolet light at different positions on the surface of the tube, reflecting the optical response of the material in the ultraviolet band. The light intensity attenuation curves at different incident angles provide the performance of the tube under various lighting conditions that may be encountered in actual use. For example, in outdoor lighting applications, photovoltaic tubes may be exposed to sunlight from different directions, and the spectral response characteristics can help evaluate the light energy conversion efficiency and durability of the tube under these complex lighting conditions. These spectral response data not only reflect the optical properties of the material, but also indirectly reveal potential material degradation areas, providing an important basis for subsequent defect detection.

[0027] Subsequently, the method calibrates the annular spectral response characteristics by spatial mapping based on the refined arc surface feature data, calculates the wavelength-dependent transmittance correction coefficient of each sampling point, and obtains the annular optical transfer function of the tube body. It is a mathematical model used to describe the transmission and reflection characteristics of light in each arc segment on the surface of the tube. Specifically, It can be expressed as: .

[0028] in, Indicates the circumferential angle position of the pipe body, ranging from 0° to 360°; Indicates the wavelength of light, specifically selects the preset ultraviolet band; In terms of angle 𝜃 and wavelength The transmittance under the condition reflects the ability of light to pass through the surface of the tube; In terms of angle 𝜃 and wavelength The reflectivity under reflects the proportion of light reflected by the surface of the tube; It is a coefficient related to the curvature of the tube arc segment, which is used to adjust the changes in the transmission and reflection characteristics of the spectral data caused by the change in curvature; It is a wavelength-dependent correction factor related to the microscopic roughness of the material surface, which is used to compensate for the differences in scattering and reflection of light at different wavelengths due to surface roughness.

[0029] In the specific calculation process, It is determined by analyzing the effect of curvature changes of different arc segments on light transmission. The correction coefficients are obtained by experimentally measuring the influence of surface roughness on light scattering and reflection at different wavelengths. By calculating these correction coefficients, the annular optical transfer function It can accurately describe the optical behavior of light in each arc segment on the tube surface, thereby realizing the correction of spectral data and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the optical property database. For example, in traffic signal device applications, photovoltaic tubes need to maintain efficient power generation under different lighting conditions. The annular optical transfer function can help predict and optimize the optical performance of photovoltaic tubes in actual working environments to ensure their power generation efficiency and durability. Through this calibration process, the generated annular optical transfer function not only improves the accuracy and reliability of optical data, but also provides a key optical behavior model for subsequent multi-dimensional data fusion.

[0030] Finally, the method fuses the refined arc surface feature data, annular spectral response characteristics and annular optical transfer function to generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body. Multidimensional data fusion integrates geometric features, spectral response and optical transfer function to form a three-dimensional database that fully reflects the optical performance of the tube body. Specifically, data processing and analysis techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) or machine learning algorithms, are used to organically combine data from different sources to ensure the coordination and consistency of various optical and geometric data in the database. The generated three-dimensional optical property database not only stores the optical properties of the tube body at different positions and angles, but also supports complex optical behavior analysis and defect detection. For example, in artistic decoration applications, photovoltaic tubes are often used to create unique light and shadow effects. The three-dimensional optical property database can provide detailed optical data support to ensure the realization of design effects and the stability of photovoltaic performance. In addition, the establishment of the database also provides a data basis for subsequent optical transfer analysis, performance evaluation and failure risk prediction. By comprehensively analyzing the information from different data sources, the optical performance changes and potential failure risks of photovoltaic tubes in long-term use can be accurately evaluated, and finally a comprehensive reliability evaluation of low UV pass rate photovoltaic tubes can be achieved. This comprehensive database not only improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the test methods, but also ensures the efficient power generation and long-term stable operation of photovoltaic tubes in complex environments. It solves the problem of high-sensitivity detection of UV-induced material degradation in existing test methods, significantly improves the service life and power generation performance of photovoltaic tubes, and meets the needs of modern photovoltaic applications for efficient and durable components.

[0031] It is not difficult to understand that by performing multi-angle spiral scanning on the tube body, high-density discrete point cloud data is obtained to reflect the geometric morphology of the tube surface in detail, ensure the high accuracy and comprehensiveness of the geometric information, and provide a solid data foundation for the subsequent optical property analysis. The acquisition of refined arc surface feature data enables a deep understanding of the microscopic geometric changes on the surface of the photovoltaic tube, so that in complex application scenarios, such as building-integrated photovoltaics, the photovoltaic tube can be perfectly fitted with the building exterior wall to maintain high efficiency of light energy conversion. By performing ultraviolet spectral energy attenuation analysis at preset wavelength intervals and recording the light intensity attenuation curve at different incident angles, the optical response of the material in the ultraviolet band can be accurately revealed to help identify potential material degradation areas. These spectral response characteristics not only reflect the optical properties of the material, but also provide an important basis for subsequent defect detection. The calculation of the annular optical transfer function eliminates the influence of tube curvature and surface roughness on spectral data by combining geometric feature data with spectral response data, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of optical data. This mathematical model ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the optical property database, supports complex optical design and performance evaluation, and solves the technical problem of geometric morphology affecting optical performance evaluation in existing test methods. The multi-dimensional data fusion step generates a three-dimensional optical property database that fully reflects the optical performance of the tube body by integrating geometric features, spectral response and optical transfer function. This database not only supports complex optical behavior analysis and defect detection, but also can accurately evaluate the optical performance changes and potential failure risks of photovoltaic tubes in long-term use, solving the problem that existing test methods are difficult to integrate multi-source data for comprehensive evaluation, and significantly improving the long-term reliability evaluation capabilities of photovoltaic tubes.

[0032] Please continue reading Figure 1 , constructing a circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme based on the three-dimensional optical property database, applying a tensile-torsion coupling stress synchronized with the illumination to the tube body during the illumination angle change process, and recording the spectral response data and stress-strain curves of the tube body at different irradiation angles; In one embodiment of the present invention, the circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme is constructed based on the three-dimensional optical property database, tensile-torsion coupling stress is applied to the tube body in synchronization with the illumination during the illumination angle change, and the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of the tube body at different irradiation angles are recorded, including: according to the refined arc surface feature data and the circumferential optical transfer function in the three-dimensional optical property database, the surface of the tube body is circumferentially partitioned, and the ultraviolet spectrum attenuation gradient of each partition is calculated to obtain the spatial optical response characteristics of the tube body; the spatial optical response characteristics are subjected to band analysis, and a corresponding ultraviolet-visible light wavelength combination is set in each partition, and each wavelength is simultaneously calculated. The energy distribution ratio of the combination is used to obtain a circumferential composite spectral acceleration scheme; according to the circumferential composite spectral acceleration scheme, a combination of angle-synchronized tensile stress and torsional stress is set on the surface of the tube body, and the corresponding relationship between the stress amplitude and the illumination timing at each circumferential angle is calculated to obtain the light-force synchronous loading parameters; based on the light-force synchronous loading parameters, a synchronously changing tensile-torsional coupling stress is applied to the tube body during the circumferential illumination rotation process, and the spectral energy distribution and local strain response at each angular position are recorded to obtain a real-time spectral attenuation curve of the tube body surface; a time-series coupling analysis is performed on the real-time spectral attenuation curve and the local strain response to extract the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of each partition.

[0033] Specifically, first, the surface of the tube is partitioned annularly based on the refined arc surface feature data and annular optical transfer function in the three-dimensional optical property database. This process divides the surface of the tube into several annular regions according to different geometric and optical characteristics, and each partition corresponds to a specific curvature change rate and light transmittance characteristics. Through this partitioning, the optical response and mechanical stress of the tube at different annular positions can be analyzed in more detail. For example, in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications, photovoltaic tubes in different building exterior wall areas may exhibit different optical and mechanical properties due to differences in installation angles and materials. Through annular partitioning, it is possible to accurately identify which areas are more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, so as to conduct targeted performance evaluation and optimization.

[0034] Subsequently, for each annular partition, the UV spectral attenuation gradient is calculated to obtain the spatial optical response characteristics of the tube body. This process determines the rate at which light intensity changes with wavelength by analyzing the spectral attenuation of each partition in a preset UV band. Specifically, the spectral attenuation gradient of each partition at different UV wavelengths is calculated using the data in the previously generated three-dimensional optical property database, combined with the geometric and optical characteristics of each partition. These gradients reflect the light absorption and scattering properties of the material in the UV band, revealing the differences in the optical response of the material under illumination of different wavelengths. For example, in outdoor lighting applications, photovoltaic tubes in different arc segments may have significant differences in the absorption rate of UV light due to different materials and structures. The calculation of the spectral attenuation gradient can help identify which areas of the material are more prone to optical performance degradation, thereby guiding subsequent material improvements and design optimization.

[0035] Next, the obtained spatial optical response characteristics are subjected to band analysis, and the corresponding ultraviolet-visible light wavelength combination is set in each partition, and the energy distribution ratio of each wavelength combination is calculated to form a circumferential composite spectral acceleration scheme. This step divides the entire ultraviolet to visible light band into several sub-bands, and selects the wavelength combination that best reveals the material degradation according to the spectral response characteristics of each partition. For example, some partitions show a higher spectral attenuation rate at specific ultraviolet wavelengths, so the light intensity is increased within these wavelength ranges to accelerate the aging process of the material. At the same time, combined with the illumination of the visible light band, it is ensured that the test process covers the full spectrum conditions that the photovoltaic tube may encounter in actual use. By calculating the energy distribution ratio of each wavelength combination, the reasonable configuration of light sources in different bands can be achieved, making the spectral acceleration test more targeted and effective. The beneficial effect of this link is that through scientific wavelength combinations and energy distribution, the lighting conditions of the photovoltaic tube in the actual use environment can be simulated in a short time, the aging process of the material can be accelerated, and the optical performance change data of the photovoltaic tube under different lighting conditions can be quickly obtained, which improves the test efficiency and the representativeness of the results.

[0036] According to the circumferential composite spectral acceleration scheme, the method sets a combination of angle-synchronized tensile stress and torsional stress on the surface of the tube body, and calculates the corresponding relationship between the stress amplitude and the illumination timing at each circumferential angle to obtain the light-force synchronous loading parameters. This process simulates the complex environment in which the photovoltaic tube is subjected to both illumination and mechanical loads in actual use by synchronously applying mechanical stress during the illumination test. Specifically, based on the circumferential composite spectral acceleration scheme, the tensile and torsional stress amounts to be applied at each circumferential angle are determined to ensure that these mechanical loads are synchronized with the changes in illumination intensity. For example, in traffic signal device applications, photovoltaic tubes are not only exposed to strong ultraviolet light, but may also be subjected to torsional loads due to vehicle traffic and wind. By calculating the corresponding relationship between the stress amplitude and the illumination timing, the light-force synchronous loading parameters can be accurately set so that the changes in illumination and mechanical stress can be highly synchronized during the test, truly simulating actual usage conditions. The beneficial effect of this step is that it can simultaneously examine the changes in material properties of photovoltaic tubes under the dual effects of light and mechanical stress, improve the comprehensiveness and reliability of the test results, and ensure that the test method can accurately reflect the performance and potential failure risks of photovoltaic tubes in actual use.

[0037] Based on the light-force synchronous loading parameters, a synchronously changing tensile-torsion coupling stress is applied to the tube body during the circumferential illumination rotation process, and the spectral energy distribution and local strain response at each angle position are recorded to obtain a real-time spectral attenuation curve on the surface of the tube body. This process is carried out synchronously by setting the illumination rotation path and stress loading path in the illumination test equipment. For example, in the test of photovoltaic tubes on the facade of a building, the illumination rotation path simulates the movement trajectory of sunlight during the day, while the stress loading path simulates the changes in wind force and structural stress. By synchronously applying tensile and torsional loads, the multiple stresses to which the photovoltaic tube is subjected in the actual installation environment are simulated. During the test, the spectral energy distribution and strain response data at each angle position are recorded in real time using a spectrum analyzer and a strain gauge to generate a real-time spectral attenuation curve and a stress-strain curve. These data can reflect the changes in the optical and mechanical properties of the photovoltaic tube under dynamic illumination and mechanical stress, and reveal the spectral response and deformation behavior of the material under different stress conditions. For example, when a certain annular partition is under high UV light and high stress conditions, the spectral attenuation curve shows a significant decrease in transmittance, and the strain response curve shows a large mechanical deformation, which indicates that the material in this area may have optical performance degradation or structural defects. The beneficial effect of this process is that by recording and analyzing spectral and strain data in real time, the performance changes and potential defects of the material under the action of light-mechanical coupling can be discovered in a timely manner, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of defect detection.

[0038] Finally, the real-time spectral attenuation curve and local strain response are subjected to time-series coupling analysis to extract the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of each partition. This process identifies the performance change characteristics of different partitions of the photovoltaic tube during the light-force synchronous loading process by synchronously comparing and analyzing the spectral attenuation curve and the strain response curve in a time series. Specifically, the spectral attenuation curve is associated with the strain response curve using time series analysis techniques, such as correlation analysis or time series prediction models, to extract the optical and mechanical response characteristics of each partition in a specific time period. For example, in the test of the outdoor lighting system, through time-series coupling analysis, it can be found that a certain annular partition has a significant decrease in spectral transmittance and strain growth under specific illumination bands and stress conditions, indicating that the area has material aging or microcracks. This analysis process can not only accurately extract the spectral response and stress-strain characteristics of each partition, but also identify high-risk areas and key influencing factors of material degradation by comparing the data of different partitions. The beneficial effect of this step is that, through timing coupling analysis, the performance changes of photovoltaic tubes under light-mechanical coupling conditions can be comprehensively and accurately evaluated, potential material defects and structural problems can be discovered and located in a timely manner, and a scientific basis can be provided for subsequent maintenance and improvements, thereby improving the long-term reliability and service life of photovoltaic tubes.

[0039] Through the above steps, the testing method of the present invention not only achieves high-precision acquisition of the geometric and optical characteristics of photovoltaic tubes, but also ensures the comprehensiveness and authenticity of the test data through the synchronous loading of spectral analysis and mechanical stress. The precise calculation of the annular optical transfer function and multi-dimensional data fusion further improve the accuracy and practicality of the optical property database, making high-sensitivity material degradation and micro-defect detection possible. This systematic and progressive testing method effectively solves the technical problems of existing low UV pass rate photovoltaic tube testing methods in high-sensitivity detection of local material degradation and micro-defects, significantly improves the long-term reliability and power generation performance of photovoltaic tubes, and has significant technical innovation and application value.

[0040] Please continue reading Figure 1 , by constructing a zoned temperature field and a local humid environment to form a heat-humidity interaction field, the pipe body is brought into periodic contact with the heat-humidity interaction field, and the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area are collected to obtain a heat-humidity response data set of the pipe body; In one embodiment of the present invention, a heat-humidity interaction field is formed by constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment, so that the pipe body is in periodic contact with the heat-humidity interaction field, and the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area are collected to obtain a heat-humidity response data set of the pipe body, including: performing annular temperature partitioning on the pipe body according to the spectral response data and the stress-strain curve, setting an alternating temperature gradient field in each partition, recording transient temperature change data of each area of ​​the pipe body, and obtaining multi-dimensional temperature distribution characteristics on the surface of the pipe body; performing gradient analysis on the multi-dimensional temperature distribution characteristics to determine the key area with the largest temperature change rate, and setting cyclic water vapor loading parameters in the key area to obtain Thermal-humidity cooperative zoning of the pipe body surface; performing step-by-step temperature cycle treatment on the pipe body according to the thermal-humidity cooperative zoning, adjusting the rotation speed of the pipe body to make the pipe body periodically contact the thermal-humidity cooperative zoning, recording the temperature field evolution and water vapor accelerated penetration data of each test area, and obtaining the thermal-humidity coupling response curve of the pipe body; performing periodic analysis on the thermal-humidity coupling response curve, calculating the temperature hysteresis coefficient and water vapor penetration rate of each area of ​​the pipe body, and obtaining the thermal-humidity interaction characteristics; based on the thermal-humidity interaction characteristics, performing multi-temperature zone periodic environmental loading on the pipe body, collecting the spatial distribution of temperature gradient and the time-varying parameters of water vapor penetration, and obtaining the thermal-humidity response data set of the pipe body.

[0041] Specifically, the tube body is partitioned into circumferential temperature zones according to the spectral response data and stress-strain curve, and an alternating temperature gradient field is set in each zone. First, it is necessary to determine the specific areas where the photovoltaic tube may have temperature differences in the circumferential direction based on the refined arc surface feature data in the three-dimensional optical property database, and in combination with the ultraviolet spectral response and mechanical strain parameters of each zone. To this end, the thermal response characteristics of each arc segment in different wavelength ranges and stress intervals can be extracted from the spectral energy attenuation and stress distribution curves completed in the previous test, and the characteristics are matched with the arc surface shape, material thickness and other information to obtain a circumferential coordinate table that can indicate the temperature change tendency of the arc segment. Afterwards, the initial temperature distribution function is assigned to the coordinate table using computer simulation software or numerical analysis methods. When setting the alternating temperature gradient field, different temperature boundary conditions are applied to each circumferential zone to simulate the periodic temperature change process of the photovoltaic tube in a complex outdoor environment. For example, in the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) scenario, the upper area of ​​the pipe or the sun-facing area may absorb more heat during the day, but cool down rapidly at night, so a larger day-night temperature difference cycle can be set for it; while the temperature fluctuation range of the shady side or the area near the ground is relatively small. At this stage, the temperature of each annular partition is collected and recorded by thermocouples or infrared temperature imagers to form a multi-dimensional temperature distribution database that can reflect transient temperature changes. The beneficial effect of this is that the heat distribution on the surface of the pipe body is synchronously grasped from the two dimensions of space and time, providing a real-time and accurate basis for the subsequent determination of the area with the largest temperature change rate.

[0042] The multi-dimensional temperature distribution characteristics are subjected to gradient analysis to determine the key areas with the largest temperature change rate, and the cyclic water vapor loading parameters are set in the key areas, which is to perform refined numerical processing on the multi-dimensional temperature distribution database obtained above. Specifically, the temperature change amount of the same partition at different time intervals is derived to obtain the temperature change rate function, and then spatial interpolation or differential analysis is performed to find the area where the temperature fluctuates sharply on the surface of the pipe body. The "cyclic water vapor loading parameters" here refer to applying a periodic water vapor environment to these key areas, such as increasing the humidity to a specific level within a certain period of time, and then restoring the humidity to a relatively dry state in the next stage, so as to accelerate the inspection of the moisture permeability of the material and the stability of the interface adhesive layer in a relatively short time. For example, in the pipe body of a traffic signal device, if the top is directly exposed to sunlight and the temperature difference is huge, a spray or humidification device can be arranged in the key area of ​​the top to achieve periodic alternation of humidity, so that the area is exposed to any possible damage or micro cracks of the packaging layer under the dual influence of thermal shock and wet shock. The beneficial effect of this process is that it can focus on monitoring those areas that are most susceptible to temperature and humidity excitations, helping to obtain more representative material degradation information within a limited testing time.

[0043] According to the heat-humidity cooperative partition, the pipe body is subjected to a step-by-step temperature cycle treatment. By adjusting the rotation speed of the pipe body, the pipe body is periodically contacted with the heat-humidity cooperative partition, and the temperature field evolution and water vapor accelerated penetration data of each test area are recorded to obtain the heat-humidity coupling response curve of the pipe body, which further improves the experimental fidelity. In order to better simulate the impact of different environments, the "step-by-step temperature cycle" method is adopted here: first maintain a high temperature environment for a period of time, and then switch to a low temperature zone in a short time, and repeat. The pipe body moves circumferentially at a predetermined speed and angle on a programmable rotating platform, so that each partition enters or leaves the heat-humidity cooperative partition in a predetermined order. By performing precise timing control in the water vapor loading zone and the high and low temperature alternating zone, rapid switching of temperature and humidity can be achieved on the specified arc segment. For example, if a certain arc segment is shown to be extremely sensitive to humidity in the previous analysis, the humidity can be increased when the arc segment enters the heat-humidity zone, thereby accelerating material aging and interface decomposition, and then generating a more obvious heat-humidity coupling response curve. The beneficial effect of this stage is that more precise heat and moisture shocks are applied to different partitions in a dynamic manner, so that potential problems such as micro cracks and chemical degradation of the material can be amplified in a shorter period of time, thereby discovering potential defects earlier.

[0044] The thermal-humidity coupling response curve is periodically analyzed, and the temperature hysteresis coefficient and water vapor permeation rate of each area of ​​the pipe body are calculated to obtain the thermal-humidity interaction characteristics, which is a deeper processing and mining of the large amount of data generated in the previous step. The temperature hysteresis coefficient can be understood as the degree of delay of the material or pipe body in the face of temperature changes. The larger its value, the slower the heat transfer of the area or material layer and the stronger the thermal inertia; the water vapor permeation rate describes the speed at which water molecules penetrate and diffuse in the material interface or glue layer. These parameters are commonly found in thermal-humidity coupling models in materials science. Here, it is necessary to clearly derive these coefficients through data fitting or numerical regression methods. For example, using the temperature change and humidity change curves recorded under different thermal and humidity conditions, a differential or fitting algorithm is used to calculate the heat transfer delay time and the diffusion rate of the water vapor concentration gradient in a certain partition. An example of photovoltaic tubes combined with building curtain walls is that if the temperature hysteresis coefficient of a certain curtain wall arc section is high and the water vapor permeability rate is also at a large value, it means that this part of the material reacts slowly to thermal fluctuations, but has high permeability to moisture, and is more likely to accumulate moisture in the encapsulation layer, resulting in local aging or material delamination. Through a comprehensive analysis of these parameters, the stability and potential failure risk of each area under heat and moisture interaction can be accurately judged.

[0045] Based on the characteristics of the thermal and humid interaction, the pipe body is subjected to periodic environmental loading in multiple temperature zones, and the spatial distribution of temperature gradient and time-varying parameters of water vapor penetration are collected to obtain the thermal and humid response data set of the pipe body, which is a comprehensive sublimation of the entire test process. In order to ensure that the experiment is as close to the actual use scenario as possible, it is necessary to introduce the acquired information such as temperature hysteresis coefficient and water vapor penetration rate into the environmental loading program of multiple temperature zones. In this step, the corresponding temperature range and loading duration are set for different temperature zones, so that the pipe body switches back and forth between the temperature zones according to a certain period. At the same time, by adjusting the water vapor injection speed in the water vapor channel, the time series changes of water vapor penetration in each temperature zone are recorded. When the data of all temperature zones are superimposed and compared with the thermal and humid coupling response curve, a more comprehensive and three-dimensional thermal and humid response data set can be generated. This data set can help researchers accurately understand the material degradation law of the pipe body when it is subjected to multiple temperature and humidity changes and light changes over a long period of time. For example, for photovoltaic tubes on the facades of high-rise buildings, different floors, different orientations, and different building surrounding environments will lead to large differences in stress and temperature and humidity conditions. Through multi-temperature zone periodic environmental loading, these complex scenarios can be simulated to the greatest extent in the laboratory, and combined with existing optical and mechanical test data, a comprehensive evaluation of the durability of photovoltaic tubes can be completed. The beneficial effect of this step is to introduce the previously accumulated heat and humidity interaction parameters into a more realistic and dynamic multi-temperature zone circulation system, thereby constructing a test environment that is more consistent with actual usage conditions, promoting the early appearance of material aging behavior and packaging defects, and providing key data support for the final quality improvement or design optimization of photovoltaic tubes.

[0046] Please continue reading Figure 1 , using a dual-band imaging method to perform circumferential scanning on the inner surface of the tube body, correcting and processing the scanning data according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database, and constructing a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body; In one embodiment of the present invention, the dual-band imaging method is used to perform circumferential scanning on the inner surface of the tube body, and the scanning data is corrected and processed according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body, including: calibrating the key detection positions of the tube body according to the thermal and moisture response data set, and performing circumferential reciprocating scanning on the inner surface of the tube body using the dual bands of visible light and near-ultraviolet light to obtain multi-band reflection spectrum data; performing circumferential segmentation processing on the multi-band reflection spectrum data, extracting the band absorption characteristics and scattering intensity distribution of each circumferential position, and obtaining an initial image of the inner surface of the tube body. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining an initial spectral image; performing surface geometry correction and light intensity compensation on the initial spectral image according to the refined arc surface feature data and the annular optical transfer function in the three-dimensional optical property database to obtain standardized imaging data of the inner surface of the tube body; performing band difference analysis on the standardized imaging data to calculate the surface morphological features and defect distribution parameters of each annular position to obtain the microscopic morphological features of the inner surface of the tube body; spatially mapping the microscopic morphological features with the annular coordinate system of the tube body, reconstructing the inner surface morphological distribution in combination with the thermal and moisture response data set, and constructing a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body.

[0047] Specifically, after calibrating the key detection positions of the pipe body according to the heat and humidity response data set, it is necessary to use the visible light and near-ultraviolet dual bands to perform circumferential reciprocating scanning on the inner surface of the pipe body to obtain multi-band reflectance spectrum data. The "key detection positions" here refer to those circumferential areas that are identified as having high heat or humidity sensitivity and potential signs of material degradation in the previous heat and humidity test phase, so as to focus on these parts prone to problems in subsequent spectral detection. The visible light band generally falls in the range of about 380 nanometers to 780 nanometers, and the near-ultraviolet band is often selected between 300 nanometers and 380 nanometers. Both of these light waves have their own uses: visible light is more suitable for presenting macro textures and surface color differences, and near-ultraviolet light has a higher sensitivity to revealing microscopic damage inside the material. Circumferential reciprocating scanning can be achieved by installing a rotatable support on the inner surface of the pipe body, moving the scanning probe continuously according to a predetermined angle period, and collecting reflection intensity spectra at different bands, thereby obtaining a reflection information matrix of each arc and wavelength. Taking the traffic signal device scenario as an example, if fine cracks appear on the internal photovoltaic tube or the package interface peels off after long-term sunlight exposure, the near-ultraviolet reflection spectrum will usually show abnormal refraction or scattering at the corresponding cracks. This method can detect potential failure sites with high sensitivity without destruction.

[0048] After obtaining the multi-band reflectance spectral data, it is necessary to perform circumferential segmentation processing on these data to extract the band absorption characteristics and scattering intensity distribution of each circumferential position, so as to obtain the initial spectral image of the inner surface of the tube body. Specifically, the spectral data obtained by continuous scanning are spatially sliced ​​according to the circumferential coordinate index of the tube body; then, the absorption and scattering signals of visible light and near-ultraviolet spectra are separated in each slice, and their peak positions, widths, and corresponding reflection intensities are recorded. The initial spectral image formed in this way is actually a multidimensional matrix, which contains not only the information of circumferential coordinates and scanning paths, but also the spectral characteristic values ​​under each band. Taking the application of building facades as an example, if there is slight delamination or fine cracks in the inner wall coating of the tube body, the near-ultraviolet band usually has abnormal reflection peaks or scattering changes in this area. Through this spectral image, the initial suspicious parts can be quickly locked, so that more accurate correction and analysis can be implemented in subsequent steps.

[0049] In order to overcome the interference of the curvature and unevenness of the inner surface of the tube body on the imaging results, it is necessary to implement surface geometry correction and light intensity compensation on the initial spectral image according to the refined arc surface feature data and annular optical transfer function in the three-dimensional optical property database to convert it into standardized imaging data. Surface geometry correction refers to projecting the discrete spectral points obtained by scanning back to the real three-dimensional coordinate system of the inner surface of the tube body, and removing the optical path difference and angle mismatch caused by curvature. Light intensity compensation uses the correction coefficient of the annular optical transfer function to uniformly adjust the attenuation factor of each wavelength in different areas of the surface to prevent the energy attenuation of the surface from being misjudged as a material defect. For example, in the actual scene of photovoltaic tubes on the exterior wall of high-rise buildings, the curvature of the surface and the unevenness of the coating often cause the same defect to present inconsistent spectral intensity at different angles. At this time, if there is a lack of support for arc surface features and optical transfer functions, it is easy to overexpose the bright part or lose information in the shadow area. Accurate correction can ensure the overall coherence and brightness balance of the imaging. The standardized imaging data obtained in this way significantly improves the stability and accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0050] When performing band difference analysis and defect location on standardized imaging data, it is necessary to first extract surface texture and micro-damage information from the visible light and near-ultraviolet channels respectively. For example, if a certain area in the visible light image shows a dark spot, and the reflectance coefficient of the area in the near-ultraviolet image is abnormally increased, the two can be superimposed to determine whether it is due to coating wear or potential cracks, or reflective distortion caused by aging of the adhesive layer. By calculating the difference between the spectral reflectance between two or more bands and matching these differences with the pre-established "defect spectral feature library", the type and severity of the defect in the area can be estimated and recorded in the form of quantitative parameters. For example, if an artistic decorative photovoltaic tube is coated with special pigments on the inner surface, it may show a fluorescent effect under near-ultraviolet light. Once the pigment fades or cracks, the fluorescence intensity and texture morphology will be significantly different from the normal state, which will quickly appear as abnormally high or low value areas in the band difference analysis. The surface morphology characteristics and defect distribution parameters obtained in this way can be sorted according to the circumferential coordinate system to generate a more accurate defect information list or vector diagram.

[0051] Finally, the microscopic morphological characteristics are spatially mapped to the annular coordinate system of the tube body, and the inner surface morphology distribution is reconstructed in combination with the heat and moisture response data set to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body. The "reconstruction" here is not just a simple splicing of spectral images, but a comparison and fusion with multiple factors such as temperature field, humidity penetration law, strain curve, etc. collected in the previous heat and moisture test. If there is a significant UV spectral reflection anomaly in the same coordinate segment, and a high permeability or high temperature hysteresis coefficient is shown in the heat and moisture interaction test, it can be determined that the material structure or glue layer in this area may be more fragile and needs to be paid attention to in subsequent maintenance. After these multi-source data are uniformly projected into the annular coordinate system, a detailed map can be formed, allowing users to intuitively understand the distribution and causes of material degradation from spatial, spectral and mechanical aspects, which helps to take timely repair measures or optimization plans, thereby extending the service life of photovoltaic tubes and ensuring their efficient power generation performance. It can be seen that the advantage of this step lies in the integration of multi-dimensional information, which can not only present the exact location and morphology of defects on a microscopic scale, but also combine the temperature and humidity environment and mechanical strain information to explain the possible causes and development trends of defects, greatly improving the accuracy and depth of detection and evaluation.

[0052] Please continue reading Figure 1 , determining the suspected defect area of ​​the tube body based on the microscopic morphological feature map, constructing a gas collection channel in the suspected defect area, obtaining material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, performing molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles, and obtaining chemical degradation data of the material; In one embodiment of the present invention, the method of determining a suspected defect area of ​​a tube body based on the microscopic morphological characteristic map, constructing a gas collection channel in the suspected defect area, obtaining material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, and performing molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles to obtain chemical degradation data of the material includes: analyzing the defect density and morphology according to the microscopic morphological characteristic map to determine the suspected defect area on the surface of the tube body, and setting an annular sampling point array in the suspected defect area to obtain the gas collection area distribution of the tube body; constructing a microchannel array gas collection channel at each annular position of the gas collection area distribution , a gradient-decreasing vacuum degree is applied to each microchannel, and a periodic thermal excitation is superimposed at the same time to obtain a gas collection path of the tube body; based on the gas collection path, directional gas collection is performed under the synergistic effect of pressure gradient and thermal excitation, and the dynamic data of the release of material volatiles at each circumferential position is recorded to obtain a gas collection sequence of the tube body; the molecular weight distribution of the material volatiles in the gas collection sequence is scanned, and the component-time evolution curve of each sampling point is established to obtain the chemical composition data of the material; the chemical composition data is correlated and analyzed with the microscopic defect morphology under the light-force-heat-humidity coupling effect to obtain the chemical degradation data of the material.

[0053] Specifically, first, according to the defect density and morphological analysis results, an annular sampling point array is set for the suspicious area, so that each dot matrix unit can closely correspond to the defect site, ensuring that the subsequent collection of volatiles is more targeted. Through this annular coordinate layout, sampling points can be arranged at a higher density in areas where defects are concentrated, and the dot matrix density can be reduced in areas where defects are relatively dispersed, achieving a scientific and balanced sampling strategy. Taking the photovoltaic tubes on the exterior walls of high-rise buildings as an example, if a certain annular section shows high humidity permeability and obvious microcrack distribution in previous tests, sampling points can be densely set in this section to focus on obtaining the chemical degradation products of the materials there.

[0054] In the suspected defect areas covered by these circumferential sampling points, it is necessary to establish a microchannel array gas collection channel. Specifically, along the subdivided units of the circumferential coordinates, a number of parallel or radial microchannels are opened up so that the channels are connected to the defect interface or the inside of the glue layer. These microchannels will apply multi-step vacuum and periodic thermal excitation during sampling to provide a smooth exhaust path for the deep release of volatiles from the material. The so-called "multi-step vacuum" does not drop to an extremely low pressure at one time, but is continuously reduced in stages and time periods, so that compounds with different boiling points or binding energies can be extracted one by one according to their respective volatility characteristics. In order to further enhance the captureability of the product released by the material, periodic thermal excitation will be superimposed, so that the inner wall or glue layer will undergo a repeated process of heating-constant temperature-cooling in different temperature sections, thereby promoting the accelerated volatilization of the substance in the heating stage and re-discharging it to the exhaust inlet of the microchannel in the cooling stage. Taking the photovoltaic tubes in traffic signal devices as an example, if the glue layer of the photovoltaic tubes is exposed to sunlight and vibration loads for a long time, incompletely cured adhesive by-products may accumulate deep in the material. Through multi-step vacuum and thermal cycles, these compounds can be fully induced to be released and collected during the test.

[0055] Based on the above-mentioned microchannel and thermal excitation conditions, the system performs directional gas collection at each circumferential position to form a gas collection sequence for the tube body. Directional collection refers to the strict design of the channel structure and the gas extraction timing to ensure that the released volatiles enter the analysis device in layers according to the circumferential partitions and thermal excitation cycles, so as to achieve a one-to-one correspondence between the defect area and the collection position. At this time, the test system will record the volatile concentration and release rate of each sampling point in different time periods to form a volatile release curve that evolves over time. If in the scene of artistic decorative photovoltaic tubes, the coating pigment or resin layer produces decomposition by-products after being subjected to multiple stresses such as ultraviolet and humidity, the release amount will increase significantly when the temperature rises to a certain critical temperature range. The concentration peak in the collection sequence can quickly confirm this decomposition stage and estimate the degree of material degradation.

[0056] Subsequently, the molecular weight distribution scan of the material volatiles recorded in the gas collection sequence is performed, usually relying on mass spectrometry or chromatography-mass spectrometry technology to identify the appearance and relative intensity of fragments of different molecular weight on the time axis, so as to establish the component-time evolution curve of each sampling point. In this way, each defect area and the sampling point corresponding to the circumferential coordinate can accurately distinguish the compound components released under different vacuum and thermal excitation sections. If a peak containing a specific functional group or polymer degradation product is detected, it means that the inner layer or packaging interface of the material has shown substantial signs of chemical degradation. In the example of photovoltaic tubes on the exterior wall of a building, if a large amount of ester or amide compounds are detected on a certain surface in the medium and high temperature range, it can be combined with previous thermal and moisture response data to determine whether cracks or hydrolysis have occurred inside the material, and its subsequent service life or safety margin can be inferred accordingly.

[0057] Finally, the chemical component data is correlated with the microscopic defect morphology under the light-force-heat-humidity multi-field coupling to obtain the chemical degradation data of the material. The focus of the correlation analysis is to match the volatile components, spectral morphological anomalies, stress concentration points and temperature-humidity coupling indicators (such as water vapor permeability, temperature hysteresis coefficient, etc.) shown in the same circumferential section or the same defect, so as to comprehensively judge the degradation mechanism and severity of the area. For example, if fine cracks are observed in near-ultraviolet imaging, and the permeability is found to be increased in the high humidity test, and polymer degradation products are released here in the thermal excitation range, it can be determined that this is an early sign of peeling caused by aging of the photovoltaic tube glue layer, and it is necessary to further strengthen the glue layer formula or surface protection in subsequent design or repair. Such a set of multi-dimensional and multi-link detection and analysis enables the chemical degradation process of the material to be revealed in a relatively short period of time, realizes the accurate diagnosis and risk assessment of the deep-level state of the inner surface of the low UV pass photovoltaic tube, and also provides an important reference for continuously improving the application safety and durability of photovoltaic tubes in the fields of architecture, traffic signals and artistic decoration.

[0058] Please continue reading Figure 1 The spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal and moisture response data set, microscopic morphology feature map and chemical degradation data are subjected to multi-dimensional correlation analysis to generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments and obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal-moisture response data set, micro-morphology feature map and chemical degradation data are subjected to multi-dimensional correlation analysis to generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments and obtain failure risk levels of each arc segment, including: performing annular partition mapping on the spectral response data, stress-strain curve and thermal-moisture response data set, calculating the light-force-heat-moisture coupling intensity of each arc segment, and obtaining a multi-field coupling response distribution of the pipe body; performing time-series correlation analysis on the defect morphology and chemical degradation data of each arc segment according to the multi-field coupling response distribution and micro-morphology feature map to obtain performance degradation dynamic characteristics of the pipe body; grading the performance degradation dynamic characteristics according to defect type and evolution rate, calculating the performance degradation threshold of each arc segment, and obtaining arc segment performance degradation characteristics of the pipe body; performing failure mode recognition on the arc segment performance degradation characteristics, calculating the failure probability in combination with the multi-field coupling response distribution and chemical degradation data, and obtaining the failure risk level of each arc segment.

[0060] Specifically, when the spectral response data, stress-strain curves, and thermal-humidity response data sets are mapped to circumferential partitions, it is necessary to first extract the optical and mechanical information at each circumferential angle from the existing test results, and combine it with the time series data recorded in the thermal-humidity environment to form a set of multi-source data sets that are segmented and visible in the circumferential dimension. Specifically, the spectral response data contains the changes in transmittance and reflectivity of the photovoltaic tube at different wavelengths and different incident angles, the stress-strain curves reflect the deformation response of each circumferential angle in the tensile-torsion coupling, and the thermal-humidity response data set records the temperature gradient and humidity penetration of the tube body in the partitioned temperature field and circulating water vapor loading. By integrating these data from different sources according to the circumferential coordinate index, a corresponding multi-source data vector can be established for each arc segment, and then the intensity of the light-force-heat-humidity coupling can be calculated. This intensity can be regarded as a measure of the comprehensive superposition degree of light energy, mechanical load, temperature fluctuation and humidity penetration in the same spatial interval. If, in the application scenario of photovoltaic tubes on the exterior walls of high-rise buildings, a certain arc segment is exposed to direct sunlight at noon for a long time and is in a structural stress concentration area, accompanied by high humidity penetration, the comprehensive coupling intensity in this arc segment must be much higher than other areas, making it a high-risk area for material degradation. In this way, the distribution of the multi-field coupling response of the tube body can be intuitively presented in the form of a color map or a numerical matrix, helping the subsequent steps to accurately lock in the arc segment that needs the most attention.

[0061] According to the multi-field coupling response distribution and microscopic morphological feature map, the defect morphology and chemical degradation data of each arc segment can be analyzed by time series correlation, so as to obtain the performance degradation dynamic characteristics of the tube body. In principle, the time series correlation analysis combines time series signal processing with multidimensional data fusion, and reveals the rate and mechanism of material degradation by tracking the synchronous changes of spectral response, morphological evolution and chemical composition data of the arc segment at different time points. For example, the optical transmittance and mechanical strain values ​​of some arc segments do not change significantly in a short period of time, but a large number of small molecular organic volatiles emerge in the heat and humidity interaction test, indicating that potential chemical degradation processes have occurred in this area, which has not yet been reflected in the macroscopic mechanical or optical properties. At this time, if this early molecular signal can be captured in the time series correlation analysis, it means that targeted repair or replacement can be carried out when the defect is still in the embryonic stage. For photovoltaic tubes in traffic signal devices, if dark spots continue to expand in certain high-stress sections and are accompanied by a sudden increase in the release rate of volatiles, the trend of accelerated crack expansion or merging of dense microcracks can be confirmed. This correlation analysis can not only reveal the dynamic evolution of defects from non-existence to existence and from small to large, but also match the corresponding thermal stress peak, ultraviolet intensity peak or water vapor penetration band with the material degradation rate one by one, ultimately forming a complete understanding of the degradation dynamics characteristics.

[0062] After obtaining the performance degradation dynamics characteristics of each arc segment, it is necessary to classify these characteristics according to the defect type and evolution rate, and calculate the performance degradation threshold of each arc segment, so as to obtain the arc segment performance degradation characteristics of the tube body. The essence of this step is to quantify the severity of degradation and the possible evolution timetable. First, according to the defect types identified in the previous stage, such as peeling, cracks, discoloration of the glue layer or bubble aggregation, the existing failure judgment criteria are established or referenced. Secondly, for each defect type, combined with the evolution rate revealed by the time series correlation analysis, the time or condition for its development to the critical point of failure is calculated. This critical point can be defined as the performance degradation threshold, indicating that the multi-field coupling effect on the photovoltaic tube in this arc segment exceeds the safety range of the material. If the yellowing of the glue layer detected in the artistic decorative photovoltaic tube is a slow degradation process, and the internal peeling may expand rapidly under medium and high humidity conditions, the peeling can be listed as a higher priority defect during the evaluation, and a stricter threshold and priority warning can be given. After each arc segment independently calculates and stores this threshold, it can then superimpose environmental factors such as lighting duration, temperature and humidity fluctuation cycle, to form a quantitative chart of the overall pipe performance attenuation pattern, providing a benchmark for subsequent failure mode identification.

[0063] When performing failure mode identification on the performance degradation characteristics of arc segments, it is necessary to integrate the relationship between defect type, evolution rate and environmental load through probability analysis or statistical methods, and then calculate the failure probability by combining the multi-field coupling response distribution and chemical degradation data. Failure mode identification usually uses numerical techniques such as fuzzy comprehensive evaluation or machine learning classification algorithms, taking key variables such as light-force-heat-humidity coupling intensity, morphology degradation rate, chemical volatile types and release as input features, and outputs whether a certain arc segment has a high probability of functional failure or structural degradation within a specified service life. If the building-integrated photovoltaic tube is exposed to high temperature for a long time and the inner wall glue layer shows a trend of cracking, the failure probability of the arc segment will continue to rise and may eventually exceed a critical safety value. The system can then output an early warning, suggesting that the component should be repaired or replaced in advance in actual engineering to avoid serious consequences such as leakage, shedding or efficiency drop in the later stage. Through this comprehensive failure mode identification and probability analysis, each arc segment can get a failure risk level, which is ranked from low risk to extremely high risk, forming a set of quantitative results that are easy to operate and make decisions.

[0064] This method starts with the distribution of multi-field coupled response, establishes the performance degradation dynamic characteristics by time-series correlation of defect morphology and chemical degradation data, and finally identifies the failure mode of the performance degradation characteristics of the arc segment and gives the failure probability. This process runs through the complete link of photovoltaic tubes from macroscopic loads, optical responses to microscopic defects and chemical components, providing engineering and technical personnel with a highly integrated and scientifically effective diagnosis and prevention solution. If it is found in traffic signal devices that some high-risk arcs will experience a large strain surge and volatile peaks in the wet season, failure mode identification may give an extremely high failure probability evaluation, thereby guiding on-site maintenance personnel to conduct key inspections or local reinforcement before the rainy season. The entire solution successfully achieved high-sensitivity degradation process identification and long-term risk control without destroying the structural integrity of the photovoltaic tube, greatly improving the safety and sustainability of photovoltaic tubes in the fields of building exterior walls, traffic signs, and artistic decoration.

[0065] The above describes the testing method of the photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate in the embodiment of the present invention. The following describes the testing device of the photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 , an embodiment of the testing device for low ultraviolet pass rate photovoltaic tubes in the embodiment of the present invention comprises: The shape mapping module 201 is used to perform circumferential spatial shape mapping on the photovoltaic tube, obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point of the tube body, and generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body according to the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point; The optical-mechanical coupling module 202 is used to construct a circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme based on the three-dimensional optical property database, apply a tensile-torsion coupling stress synchronized with the illumination to the tube body during the illumination angle change process, and record the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of the tube body at different irradiation angles; The heat and moisture response module 203 is used to form a heat and moisture interaction field by constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment, so that the pipe body is in periodic contact with the heat and moisture interaction field, collect the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area, and obtain a heat and moisture response data set of the pipe body; The defect imaging module 204 is used to perform circumferential scanning on the inner surface of the tube body by using a dual-band imaging method, and to perform correction processing on the scanning data according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body; The gas analysis module 205 is used to determine the suspected defect area of ​​the tube body based on the microscopic morphology feature map, construct a gas collection channel in the suspected defect area, obtain material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, perform molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles, and obtain chemical degradation data of the material; The performance evaluation module 206 is used to perform multi-dimensional correlation analysis on the spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal and moisture response data set, microscopic morphology feature map and chemical degradation data, generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments, and obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment.

[0066] above Figure 2 The test device for the photovoltaic tube with medium and low ultraviolet pass rate in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail from the perspective of modular functional entity. The test device for the photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet pass rate in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail from the perspective of hardware processing.

[0067] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a test device for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The test device 300 for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate may have relatively large differences due to different configurations or performances, and may include one or more processors (central processing units, CPU) 310 (for example, one or more processors) and a memory 320, and one or more storage media 330 (for example, one or more mass storage device terminals) storing application programs 333 or data 332. Among them, the memory 320 and the storage medium 330 may be short-term storage or permanent storage. The program stored in the storage medium 330 may include one or more modules (not shown in the figure), and each module may include a series of instruction operations in the test device 300 for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate. Furthermore, the processor 310 may be configured to communicate with the storage medium 330, and execute a series of instruction operations in the storage medium 330 on the test device 300 for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate to implement the steps of the test method for a photovoltaic tube with a low ultraviolet pass rate described above.

[0068] The test device 300 for low UV pass rate photovoltaic tubes may also include one or more power supplies 340, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 350, one or more input and output interfaces 360, and / or one or more operating systems 331, such as Windows Serve, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, FreeBSD, etc. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that Figure 3 The structure of the test equipment for photovoltaic tubes with low UV transmittance shown does not constitute a limitation on the test equipment for photovoltaic tubes with low UV transmittance provided by the present invention, and may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or a combination of certain components, or a different arrangement of components.

[0069] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium. Instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the steps of the test method for low ultraviolet pass rate photovoltaic tubes.

[0070] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device, or unit can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0071] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the whole or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate, characterized in that: include: Perform circumferential spatial morphology mapping on the photovoltaic tube to obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point on the tube body, and generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body based on the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point; Based on the three-dimensional optical property database, a circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme is constructed, and a tensile-torsion coupling stress synchronized with the illumination is applied to the tube body during the change of the illumination angle, and the spectral response data and stress-strain curves of the tube body at different irradiation angles are recorded; A heat-humidity interaction field is formed by constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment, so that the pipe body is in periodic contact with the heat-humidity interaction field, and the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area are collected to obtain a heat-humidity response data set of the pipe body; The inner surface of the tube is scanned circumferentially by using a dual-band imaging method, and the scanned data is corrected according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube; Determine the suspected defect area of ​​the tube body based on the microscopic morphology characteristic map, construct a gas collection channel in the suspected defect area, obtain material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, perform molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles, and obtain chemical degradation data of the material; The spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal and moisture response data set, microscopic morphology feature map and chemical degradation data are subjected to multi-dimensional correlation analysis to generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments and obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment.

2. The method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential spatial morphology of the photovoltaic tube is measured and mapped to obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point of the tube body, and a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body is generated according to the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point, including: Perform multi-angle spiral scanning on the tube body to obtain discrete point cloud data on the surface of the tube body, calculate the curvature change rate and surface micro-roughness of each sampling point based on the discrete point cloud data, and obtain refined arc surface feature data of the tube body; The ultraviolet spectrum energy attenuation analysis is performed on each sampling point at a preset wavelength interval, and the light intensity attenuation curve is recorded at different incident angles to obtain the circumferential spectrum response characteristics of the tube surface; Performing spatial mapping calibration on the circumferential spectral response characteristics according to the refined arc surface feature data, calculating the wavelength-dependent transmittance correction coefficient of each sampling point, and obtaining the circumferential optical transfer function of the tube body; The refined arc surface feature data, the circumferential spectral response characteristics and the circumferential optical transfer function are subjected to multi-dimensional data fusion to generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body.

3. The method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of constructing a circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme based on the three-dimensional optical property database, applying a tensile-torsion coupling stress synchronized with the illumination to the tube body during the illumination angle change process, and recording the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of the tube body at different irradiation angles, includes: According to the refined arc surface feature data and the annular optical transfer function in the three-dimensional optical property database, the surface of the tube body is annularly partitioned, and the ultraviolet spectrum attenuation gradient of each partition is calculated to obtain the spatial optical response characteristics of the tube body; Performing band analysis on the spatial optical response characteristics, setting a corresponding ultraviolet-visible light wavelength combination in each partition, and calculating the energy distribution ratio of each wavelength combination to obtain a circumferential composite spectrum acceleration scheme; According to the circumferential composite spectrum acceleration scheme, a combination of angle-synchronized tensile stress and torsional stress is set on the surface of the tube body, and the corresponding relationship between the stress amplitude and the illumination timing at each circumferential angle is calculated to obtain the light-force synchronous loading parameters; Based on the light-force synchronous loading parameters, a synchronously changing tensile-torsion coupling stress is applied to the tube body during the circumferential illumination rotation process, and the spectral energy distribution and local strain response at each angular position are recorded to obtain a real-time spectral attenuation curve of the tube body surface; The real-time spectral attenuation curve and the local strain response are subjected to time-series coupling analysis to extract the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of each partition.

4. The method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat and moisture interaction field is formed by constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment, so that the pipe body is in periodic contact with the heat and moisture interaction field, and the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area are collected to obtain a heat and moisture response data set of the pipe body, including: According to the spectral response data and the stress-strain curve, the pipe body is divided into circumferential temperature zones, an alternating temperature gradient field is set in each zone, and the transient temperature change data of each area of ​​the pipe body is recorded to obtain the multi-dimensional temperature distribution characteristics of the pipe body surface; Performing gradient analysis on the multi-dimensional temperature distribution characteristics to determine the key area with the largest temperature change rate, setting cyclic water vapor loading parameters in the key area to obtain heat-humidity synergistic zoning on the pipe surface; According to the heat-humidity cooperative partition, the pipe body is subjected to a step-by-step temperature cycle treatment, the pipe body is periodically contacted with the heat-humidity cooperative partition by adjusting the rotation speed of the pipe body, the temperature field evolution and water vapor accelerated penetration data of each test area are recorded, and the heat-humidity coupling response curve of the pipe body is obtained; Performing periodic analysis on the heat-humidity coupling response curve, calculating the temperature hysteresis coefficient and water vapor permeation rate of each area of ​​the pipe body, and obtaining the heat-humidity interaction characteristics; Based on the heat and moisture interaction characteristics, the pipe body is subjected to multi-temperature zone periodic environmental loading, and the spatial distribution of temperature gradient and time-varying parameters of water vapor penetration are collected to obtain the heat and moisture response data set of the pipe body.

5. The method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-band imaging method is used to perform circumferential scanning on the inner surface of the tube body, and the scanning data is corrected according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body, including: The key detection positions of the pipe body are calibrated according to the heat and moisture response data set, and the inner surface of the pipe body is scanned reciprocally in a circular manner using visible light and near-ultraviolet dual bands to obtain multi-band reflectance spectrum data; Performing circumferential segmentation processing on the multi-band reflection spectrum data, extracting the band absorption characteristics and scattering intensity distribution of each circumferential position, and obtaining an initial spectral image of the inner surface of the tube body; According to the refined arc surface feature data and the annular optical transfer function in the three-dimensional optical property database, the initial spectral image is subjected to surface geometry correction and light intensity compensation to obtain standardized imaging data of the inner surface of the tube body; Performing band difference analysis on the standardized imaging data, calculating the surface morphology characteristics and defect distribution parameters at each circumferential position, and obtaining the microscopic morphology characteristics of the inner surface of the tube body; The microscopic morphological features are spatially mapped with the annular coordinate system of the tube body, and the inner surface morphology distribution is reconstructed in combination with the thermal and moisture response data set to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body.

6. The method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining a suspected defective area of ​​the tube body based on the microscopic morphological feature map, constructing a gas collection channel in the suspected defective area, obtaining material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, performing molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles, and obtaining chemical degradation data of the material includes: Analyze the defect density and morphology according to the microscopic morphological feature map, determine the suspected defect area on the surface of the tube body, and set a circumferential sampling point array in the suspected defect area to obtain the gas collection area distribution of the tube body; Constructing a microchannel array gas collection channel at each circumferential position distributed in the gas collection area, applying a gradient decreasing vacuum degree to each microchannel, and superimposing a periodic thermal excitation effect, so as to obtain a gas collection path of the tube body; Based on the gas collection path, directional gas collection is performed under the synergistic effect of pressure gradient and thermal excitation, and the dynamic data of the release of volatile materials at each circumferential position is recorded to obtain the gas collection sequence of the pipe body; Scanning the molecular weight distribution of the material volatiles in the gas collection sequence, establishing a component-time evolution curve of each sampling point, and obtaining chemical component data of the material; The chemical component data is correlated with the microscopic defect morphology under the light-force-heat-humidity coupling effect to obtain the chemical degradation data of the material.

7. The method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet transmission rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal and moisture response data set, microscopic morphology feature map and chemical degradation data are subjected to multi-dimensional correlation analysis to generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments and obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment, including: The spectral response data, stress-strain curve and thermal-humidity response data set are subjected to annular partition mapping, the light-force-heat-humidity coupling intensity of each arc segment is calculated, and the multi-field coupling response distribution of the pipe body is obtained; According to the multi-field coupling response distribution and microscopic morphology feature map, the defect morphology and chemical degradation data of each arc segment are analyzed in time series to obtain the performance degradation dynamic characteristics of the tube body; The performance degradation dynamic characteristics are classified according to defect type and evolution rate, and the performance degradation threshold of each arc segment is calculated to obtain the arc segment performance degradation characteristics of the pipe body; The failure mode identification is performed on the performance degradation characteristics of the arc segment, and the failure probability is calculated by combining the multi-field coupling response distribution and chemical degradation data to obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment.

8. A test device for low ultraviolet pass rate photovoltaic tubes, characterized in that: The testing device for the photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet pass rate adopts the testing method for the photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet pass rate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the testing device for the photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet pass rate comprises: The topography mapping module is used to perform circumferential spatial topography mapping on the photovoltaic tube, obtain the arc surface geometric parameters of each sampling point of the tube body, and generate a three-dimensional optical property database of the tube body according to the arc surface geometric parameters and the ultraviolet band transmittance calibration data of each sampling point; A photomechanical coupling module is used to construct a circumferential ultraviolet-visible light composite irradiation scheme based on the three-dimensional optical property database, apply a tensile-torsion coupling stress synchronized with the illumination to the tube body during the illumination angle change, and record the spectral response data and stress-strain curve of the tube body at different irradiation angles; The heat and moisture response module is used to form a heat and moisture interaction field by constructing a partitioned temperature field and a local humid environment, so that the pipe body is in periodic contact with the heat and moisture interaction field, collect the temperature gradient and water vapor permeation parameters of the test area, and obtain a heat and moisture response data set of the pipe body; A defect imaging module is used to perform circumferential scanning on the inner surface of the tube body by using a dual-band imaging method, and to perform correction processing on the scanning data according to the geometric parameters in the three-dimensional optical property database to construct a microscopic morphological feature map of the inner surface of the tube body; A gas analysis module, used to determine the suspected defect area of ​​the tube body based on the microscopic morphology feature map, construct a gas collection channel in the suspected defect area, obtain material volatiles through pressure gradient and thermal excitation, perform molecular weight distribution analysis on the material volatiles, and obtain chemical degradation data of the material; The performance evaluation module is used to perform multi-dimensional correlation analysis on the spectral response data, stress-strain curve, thermal and moisture response data set, microscopic morphology feature map and chemical degradation data, generate performance degradation characteristics based on pipe body arc segments, and obtain the failure risk level of each arc segment.

9. A test device for low ultraviolet pass rate photovoltaic tubes, characterized in that: The testing device for photovoltaic tubes with low ultraviolet pass rate comprises: a memory and at least one processor, wherein instructions are stored in the memory; The at least one processor calls the instructions in the memory to enable the testing device for the photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet pass rate to perform the steps of the testing method for the photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet pass rate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method for testing a photovoltaic tube with low ultraviolet pass rate as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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