Cultivation method of potato minituber

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato minituber cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of potato minituber production. Traditional manual cuttage is replaced with a mechanical seedling throwing mode, labor consumption can be reduced, the production cost can be reduced, high practical application value is achieved, and the production efficiency of the potato minituber is remarkably improved. The survival rate of the potato tissue culture seedlings reaches up to 95% in a mechanical seedling throwing transplanting mode, that is, the transplanting survival rate is not affected by the mechanical seedling throwing mode, and the potato production efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of potato mini-tuber production, and in particular to a method for cultivating potato mini-tuber. Background Art

[0002] In the entire potato seed potato production process, the reproduction of miniature potatoes plays a key role. At present, the potato virus-free seed potato breeding technology system widely used worldwide includes obtaining virus-free test tube seedlings through stem tip tissue culture technology and virus detection technology; mass reproduction of virus-free test tube seedlings through tissue culture cutting rapid propagation technology; mass reproduction of test tube seedlings combined with soilless matrix cultivation technology to produce virus-free miniature potatoes, and then entering the field seed potato breeding system for virus-free seed potato breeding.

[0003] Planting virus-free seed potatoes can increase yields by more than 30% compared to planting non-virus-free seed potatoes. The low application rate of high-quality virus-free seed potatoes will lead to low yields. At present, the main reasons for the low application rate of high-quality virus-free seed potatoes include the low reproduction rate of potato mini-potatoes, the lack of coordination between production supply and demand, and the large gap between supply and demand. In addition, the high production cost of mini-potatoes has also seriously hindered the use of high-quality virus-free seed potatoes. Therefore, choosing a technical method for efficiently producing potato mini-potatoes is of great significance for increasing the application rate of potato virus-free seed potatoes and improving the yield level.

[0004] At present, the main production method of potato microtubers is manual cuttings of virus-free potato seedlings in test tubes. This process is characterized by high labor costs, high labor intensity, and boring and repetitive work.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating potato mini-tubers, thereby improving potato production efficiency, reducing labor costs and reducing labor intensity.

[0007] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating potato minitubers, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1: Propagation of tissue culture seedlings: Cut the potato tissue culture seedlings for propagation, inoculate them in an inverted tissue culture box containing culture medium, and harden and transplant them after 3 to 4 weeks of cultivation;

[0010] S2: Hardening the seedlings: Place the inverted tissue culture box in a natural temperature environment for 3 to 6 days;

[0011] S3: Planting: Fix the base of the inverted tissue culture box and the seedling separation plate on the seedling transportation device of the seedling throwing machine, and cut the stems of the tissue culture seedlings by using the cutting device of the seedling throwing machine or manually; make the cut tissue culture seedlings fall onto the substrate, then cover the seedlings with the substrate and water; the seedling throwing density of the tissue culture seedlings is 300 - 400 plants / m 2 .

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The present invention provides a new method for cultivating potato minitubers. By replacing the traditional manual cutting with the method of mechanical seedling throwing, it can reduce labor consumption, lower production costs, has high practical application value, and significantly improves the production efficiency of potatoes.

[0014] After comparison, the survival rate of potato tissue culture seedlings under the mechanical seedling throwing and transplanting method is as high as 95%. That is to say, the method of mechanical seedling throwing not only does not affect the transplanting survival rate, but also greatly improves the production efficiency of potatoes.

[0015] Under a specific seedling throwing density, it can take into account the usage amount of potato tissue culture seedlings, the total number of tubers, the number of effective tubers and the agronomic traits formed by the potato tissue culture seedlings, and has good cost performance. Description of the Drawings

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a diagram of manual seedling throwing for potato tissue culture seedlings;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a diagram of tissue culture seedlings applicable to two transplanting methods of manual seedling throwing and mechanical seedling throwing;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a comparison diagram of the survival situation of potato tissue culture seedlings under two transplanting methods of manual seedling throwing and manual cutting (300C: the manual cutting density of 300 plants / m 2 ; 200TC: the manual seedling throwing density of 200 plants / m 2 ; 300TC: the manual seedling throwing density of 300 plants / m 2 ; 400TC: the manual seedling throwing density of 400 plants / m 2 ). Detailed Embodiments

[0020] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, one or more examples of which are described below. Each example is provided by way of explanation and not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the formulations or unit doses herein, some methods and materials are now described. Unless otherwise noted, the techniques employed herein are standard methods. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not limiting.

[0022] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating potato minitubers, which comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1: Multiplication of tissue culture seedlings: Cut the potato tissue culture seedlings for propagation, inoculate them into an inverted tissue culture box containing a culture medium, and cultivate for 3 - 4 weeks, then harden off and transplant.

[0024] S2: Hardening off: Place the inverted tissue culture box in a natural temperature environment for hardening off for 3 - 6 days.

[0025] S3: Planting: Fix the base of the inverted tissue culture box and the seedling - separating plate on the seedling transportation device of the seedling - throwing machine, and use the cutting device of the seedling - throwing machine or manually cut the stem of the tissue culture seedlings; make the cut tissue culture seedlings fall onto the substrate, then cover the seedlings with the substrate and water; the seedling - throwing density of the tissue culture seedlings is 300 - 400 plants / m 2 。

[0026] The present invention provides a new method for cultivating potatoes. By replacing the traditional manual cutting with the method of mechanical seedling - throwing, the transplanting efficiency of potatoes is greatly improved on the premise of not affecting the survival rate, the total number of tubers, the number of effective tubers and the agronomic traits of potato tissue culture seedlings. The provision of the cultivation method of the present invention helps to reduce labor consumption, lower production costs, has high practical application value, and significantly improves the production efficiency of potatoes.

[0027] At a specific seedling - throwing density, the usage amount of potato tissue culture seedlings, the total number of tubers, the number of effective tubers and the agronomic traits of potato tissue culture seedlings can be taken into account, and it has good cost - performance. In particular, 300 plants / m 2Under the seedling throwing density of tissue-cultured seedlings, the usage amount of potato tissue-cultured seedlings can be reduced, and it has good total tuber number, effective tuber number and agronomic traits of the potato tissue-cultured seedlings, with higher cost performance.

[0028] In step S3, the cutting device of the seedling throwing machine can be in the form of a laser cutting device, a mechanical shearing mechanism, etc. As long as it can cut the stem of the tissue-cultured seedling so that the stem of the tissue-cultured seedling falls on the substrate, it is feasible.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, in step S3, the substrate is covered on the cut tissue-cultured seedlings according to a substrate mass of 400-600 g / m. 2 Under the covering condition of the above substrate mass, the potato tissue-cultured seedlings have a higher total tuber number and effective tuber number, and have better agronomic traits.

[0030] For example, the substrate mass is 400 g / m 2 、500 g / m 2 、550 g / m 2 、600 g / m 2 .

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, the substrate includes but is not limited to at least one of vermiculite, coconut coir and perlite. Preferably, the substrate is vermiculite, and vermiculite has better production effects.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, in step S1, the potato tissue-cultured seedlings are cut and propagated, one leaf and one node are cut during cutting, and the culture density is 20-90 segment / box. One leaf and one node means that each leaf and a section of stem are regarded as one section or one plant.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, the culture density is 25 segment / box, 50 segment / box or 90 segment / box.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, the culture medium in the inverted tissue-culture box is: a culture medium added with 35-45 g / L of white granulated sugar and 7-9 g / L of agar in the MS basic culture medium. The MS basic culture medium is commercially available or prepared by oneself.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, in step S1, the culture conditions are: 20-24 °C and the light intensity is 2600-3000 lx.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, in step S3, after watering, a plastic film is covered to keep warm and moisturize, or a sunshade net is used to block strong light after sowing seedlings in autumn.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, after step S3 of planting, the following field management is carried out: uncover the agricultural film 1 to 2 weeks after spring sowing and throwing seedlings for transplanting, and uncover the sunshade net 1 to 2 weeks after autumn sowing and throwing seedlings for transplanting.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, the field management includes: regulating the humidity to be maintained at 85% - 95% within 7 days after throwing seedlings; after 7 - 8 days, regulating the humidity to be maintained at 70% - 80%; controlling water during the vigorous growth period.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, water is less irrigated or not irrigated 14 days before maturity.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, a one-time base fertilizer is used for fertilizer application; nitrogen fertilizer is reduced or not used during the tuber formation period.

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. For those not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. For reagents or instruments without indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0042] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A method for throwing seedlings suitable for mechanical transplanting of potato tissue culture seedlings includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Propagation of tissue culture seedlings. The potato tissue culture seedlings are cut for propagation, inoculated in an inverted tissue culture box, and cultured using MS medium. After 3 - 4 weeks, they are acclimatized and transplanted. The above-mentioned cuttings require one leaf and one node, and the culture density is 25 cuttings / box; the MS medium used is MS + 40 g / L of white granulated sugar + 8 g / L of agar; the culture conditions in the above-mentioned culture room are to culture for 21 days under the conditions of a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C, a light intensity of 2000 lx - 3000 lx, and a light time of 16 hours per day, and then enter the next round of propagation;

[0046] Step 2: Acclimatization. Select virus-free seedlings with strong growth, more than 3 leaves and bright green color, and acclimatize them in the natural temperature environment for 3 - 6 days;

[0047] Step 3: Throwing seedlings.

[0048] The base of the inverted tissue culture box ( Figure 2The right figure (as shown in the right figure) and the seedling dividing board are fixed on the seedling transportation device of the seedling throwing machine, and the laser cutting device of the seedling throwing machine is used to cut the stems of the tissue culture seedlings; so that the cut tissue culture seedlings are thrown onto the vermiculite, and then vermiculite is covered on the seedlings and watered; the throwing density of the tissue culture seedlings is 300 plants / m 2 . After seedling throwing, cover vermiculite at 500 g / m 2 .

[0049] After spring sowing and seedling throwing, agricultural film needs to be covered to keep warm and moisturize, and after autumn sowing and seedling throwing, sunshade net needs to be used to block strong light and slow down high temperature;

[0050] Step 4: Breeding and management of potato minitubers.

[0051] (1) Seedling slow-down period: Keep good ventilation. Uncover the agricultural film 1 - 2 weeks after transplanting by seedling throwing in spring sowing, and uncover the sunshade net 1 - 2 weeks after transplanting by seedling throwing in autumn sowing; (2) Fertilizer and water management: Keep a relatively high humidity for 7 days after transplanting by seedling throwing, and control the humidity to be maintained at 85% - 95%; after 7 - 8 days, control the humidity to be maintained at 70% - 80%; control water during the vigorous growth period; reduce or stop watering 14 days before maturity; adopt a one-time base fertilizer for fertilizer application; the nutrient elements are evenly matched; reduce or do not use nitrogen fertilizer during the tuber formation period. (3) Pest and disease control: The main pest to be controlled is cutworm, and it is controlled by manual capture or highly efficient and low-residue chemical agents; focus on controlling late blight during the plant growth period. For the above control of late blight, control agents should be sprayed during the susceptible season; when diseased plants appear, the diseased plants should be removed in time, sealed and taken out of the facility for destruction, and at the same time, control agents should be sprayed; spray medicine at intervals according to needs to prevent the spread of diseases.

[0052] Step 5: Harvesting and grading. Roughly determine the harvest time according to the early and late maturity of the variety. Harvest when 2 / 3 of the lower leaves of the plant turn yellow. After harvesting, sun-dry for 3 - 5 days, then grade, bag and label. Stop watering 7 days before harvesting the above minitubers; avoid damaging the epidermis of the seed tubers during the harvesting operation; do not leave small tubers in the substrate to avoid varietal mixing in the next season; conduct seed tuber size grading before storing the minitubers after harvesting. Generally, the grading is divided into four levels: <2.0 g, 2.0 - 10.0 g, 10.0 - 20.0 g, >20.0 g; abnormal tubers such as damaged and deformed ones should be removed during the grading of minitubers, and impurities such as substrates and residual plants should be removed; Minitubers above 2.0 g can be used as minitubers.

[0053] Step 6: Storage: Disinfect the graded tuber pieces and spread them at normal temperature of 15 - 20 °C for 6 - 8 days, and then store them in a cold storage. The temperature in the above cold storage should be maintained at 3 - 5 °C and the humidity at 80% - 90%.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] This comparative example provides a method for efficiently breeding potato minitubers by manual seedling throwing. The manual seedling throwing diagram is referred toFigure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Multiplication of tissue culture seedlings. Cut the potato tissue culture seedlings for propagation, inoculate them in a traditional tissue culture box, culture them using MS medium, and harden off and transplant them after 3 - 4 weeks; the above-mentioned cutting requires one leaf and one node, and the culture density is 25 cuttings / box; the MS medium used is MS + 40 g / L of white granulated sugar + 8 g / L of agar; the above-mentioned culture room conditions are to culture for 21 days under the conditions of a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C, a light intensity of 2000 lx - 3000 lx, and a light time of 16 h per day, and then enter the next round of multiplication;

[0057] Step 2: Hardening off. Select virus-free seedlings with strong growth, more than 3 leaves and bright green color, and place them in a natural temperature environment for hardening off for 3 - 6 days;

[0058] Step 3: Wash the tissue culture seedlings after hardening off with clear water to remove the medium on the roots, and trim the roots to 0 - 1 cm; after root trimming, place them in an empty culture box for standby, and add clear water to keep the humidity in the culture box.

[0059] Step 4: Seedling throwing ( Figure 2 as shown in the left figure).

[0060] Take out the test-tube seedlings with trimmed roots, and throw them into the prepared substrate at a rate of 200 plants / m 2 After seedling throwing, cover with 500 g / m 2 of vermiculite. After spring sowing, cover with agricultural film for heat preservation and moisture retention. After autumn sowing, cover with a sunshade net to block strong light and slow down high temperature;

[0061] The remaining steps of potato minituber breeding, management, harvesting, grading, and storage are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] Compared with Comparative Example 1, the difference is only that Step 4 is different. The seedling throwing treatment steps in Step 4 of this comparative example are as follows:

[0064] Take out the test-tube seedlings with trimmed roots, and throw them into the prepared substrate at a rate of 300 plants / m 2 After seedling throwing, cover with 500 g / m 2 of vermiculite. After spring sowing, cover with agricultural film for heat preservation and moisture retention. After autumn sowing, cover with a sunshade net to block strong light and slow down high temperature.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] Compared with Comparative Example 1, the difference is only that Step 4 is different. The seedling throwing treatment steps in Step 4 of this comparative example are as follows:

[0067] Take out the test-tube seedlings with trimmed roots, and throw them into the prepared substrate at a rate of 400 plants / m 2Throw the seedlings into the prepared substrate. After throwing the seedlings, apply 500 g / m 2 Cover with vermiculite. For spring sowing, after throwing the seedlings, cover with agricultural film to keep warm and moisturize. For autumn sowing, after throwing the seedlings, cover with sunshade net to block strong light and slow down high temperature.

[0068] Comparative Example 4

[0069] Compared with Comparative Example 2, the difference is only that in step 4, instead of throwing seedlings, manual cutting of seedlings is carried out in this comparative example. The density of manual cutting is 300 plants / m 2 .

[0070] Experimental Example 1

[0071] Effect of covering different amounts of vermiculite on the agronomic traits and tuber number of "Huashu 16".

[0072] Taking "Huashu 16" as the test variety, for autumn sowing, a comparative experiment on the agronomic traits and tuber number of "Huashu 16" with different amounts of vermiculite covering after artificial seedling throwing was carried out to determine the optimal amount of vermiculite covering after transplanting by seedling throwing. The test treatment group was artificial seedling throwing, and 3 kinds of vermiculite covering amounts were set, which were 200 g / m 2 , 400 g / m 2 and 600 g / m 2 ; the control group was manual cutting without vermiculite covering. The transplanting density was 300 plants / m 2 . Each treatment was set with 3 replicates. After acclimatizing the seedlings for 3 - 6 days, cut the roots, transplant the test varieties in two ways of artificial seedling throwing and manual cutting respectively. After transplanting, cover the film to keep warm and moisturize. After the small seedlings took root and survived, remove the film in time. The subsequent management, harvesting and grading were carried out according to the specific implementation methods in the above methods.

[0073] Table 1 Effect of different amounts of vermiculite covering on the agronomic traits and tuber formation of "Huashu 16"

[0074]

[0075] Note: The mean value is expressed as: mean ± standard error

[0076] The results in Table 1 show that: under the same cultivation conditions, when the vermiculite covering amount is 400 - 600 g / m2, the tuber formation of potato minitubers is the best, and there is no significant difference from manual cutting.

[0077] In addition, it should be noted that the effects of mechanical seedling throwing and artificial seedling throwing are similar, both using the method of seedling throwing. The tuber formation effect of artificial seedling throwing can largely represent the tuber formation effect of mechanical seedling throwing.

[0078] Experimental Example 2

[0079] Efficient propagation of potato minitubers by artificial seedling throwing.

[0080] Using "Huashu 18" and "Huacai 2" as test varieties, spring sowing was carried out, and a comparative experiment on breeding potato minitubers by two transplanting methods of potato tissue culture seedlings, namely manual seedling throwing and manual cutting, was conducted. Three artificial seedling throwing densities were set in the treatment group, which were 200 plants / m², 300 plants / m², and 400 plants / m² respectively. After seedling throwing, vermiculite was covered at 500 g / m 2 ; the control group was manual cutting at 300 plants / m 2 , without vermiculite covering. Four replicates were set for each treatment. After hardening off for 3 - 6 days, the roots were cut. The test varieties were transplanted to the field by manual seedling throwing and manual cutting respectively. After transplanting, the film was covered to keep warm and moisturize. After the small seedlings took root and survived, the film was removed in time. The subsequent management, harvesting, and grading were carried out according to the specific implementation methods in the above method. Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of the survival situation of potato tissue culture seedlings of "Huashu 18" minitubers under two transplanting methods of manual seedling throwing and manual cutting.

[0081] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on the number of minitubers of "Huashu 18" under spring sowing environment

[0082]

[0083] Note: C: Manual cutting, TC: Manual seedling throwing; data value = mean ± standard error; the above data are all yields per unit area; this annotation applies to all the following tables.

[0084] Table 2 results show that: under spring sowing, for "Huashu 18", there was no significant difference in the total number of tubers and the number of effective tubers between the manual seedling throwing densities of 300 plants / m² and 400 plants / m² and manual cutting.

[0085] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on the number of minitubers of "Huacai 2" under spring sowing environment

[0086]

[0087] Table 3 results show that: under spring sowing, for "Huacai 2", there was no significant difference in the total number of tubers and the number of effective tubers between the manual seedling throwing densities of 300 plants / m 2 and 400 plants / m 2 and manual cutting.

[0088] The above Tables 2 and 3 show that under the spring sowing environment, when the seedling throwing density is 300 plants / m 2 and 400 plants / m 2 , the manual seedling throwing planting method can replace the manual cutting method at a density of 300 plants / m 2 .

[0089] Using "Huashu 18" and "Huashu 16" as test varieties, sown in autumn, a comparative experiment was conducted on breeding potato minitubers by transplanting potato tissue culture seedlings in two ways: manual throwing seedlings and manual cutting. In the treatment group, 3 kinds of manual throwing seedling densities were set, which were 200 plants / m² (comparative example 1), 300 plants / m² (comparative example 2) and 400 plants / m² (comparative example 3). After throwing the seedlings, vermiculite was covered at 500 g / m 2 ; the control group was manual cutting of 300 plants / m 2 , without vermiculite covering. Each treatment was set with 4 replicates. After acclimatizing the seedlings for 3 - 6 days, the roots were cut. The test varieties were transplanted to the field in two ways: manual throwing seedlings and manual cutting respectively. After transplantation, the film was covered to keep warm and moisturize. After the small seedlings took root and survived, the film was removed in time. The subsequent management, harvesting and grading were carried out according to the specific implementation methods in the above methods.

[0090] Table 4 Effects of different treatments on the number of minitubers of "Huashu 18" under autumn sowing environment

[0091]

[0092] The results showed that: when sown in autumn, for "Huashu 18", under the manual throwing seedling densities of 300 plants / m 2 and 400 plants / m 2 , there was no significant difference in the total number of tubers and the number of effective tubers compared with manual cutting.

[0093] Table 5 Effects of different treatments on the number of minitubers of "Huashu 16" under autumn sowing environment

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] The results showed that: when sown in autumn, for "Huashu 16", under the manual throwing seedling densities of 300 plants / m 2 and 400 plants / m 2 , there was no significant difference in the total number of tubers and the number of effective tubers compared with manual cutting.

[0097] The above Tables 4 and 5 can show that under the autumn sowing environment, when the throwing seedling density is 300 plants / m 2 and 400 plants / m 2 , the manual throwing seedling planting method can replace the manual cutting method at a density of 300 plants / m 2 .

[0098] Table 6 Comparison of agronomic traits of "Huashu 18" tissue culture seedlings after 45 days of transplantation with different treatments

[0099]

[0100] Table 6 results showed that: at 300 plants / m2 and a manual seedling throwing density of 400 plants / m 2 After 45 days of growth, there were no significant differences in the agronomic traits such as plant height, stem diameter, and number of internodes of the tissue-cultured seedlings under the manual seedling throwing density compared with manual cutting.

[0101] To sum up, this experimental example proves that it is feasible to produce mini-tubers by using the manual seedling throwing method for transplanting, which has the advantages of labor saving and high efficiency. According to the experimental results, under the manual seedling throwing densities of 300 plants / m 2 and 400 plants / m 2 there were no significant differences in the total number of tubers, the number of effective tubers, and the agronomic traits of the potato tissue-cultured seedlings compared with manual cutting. However, using a density of 300 plants / m 2 can reduce the usage amount of potato tissue-cultured seedlings and has a higher cost performance. Therefore, 300 plants / m 2 is considered the optimal manual seedling throwing density.

[0102] Experimental Example 3

[0103] This experimental example compared the survival rates of potato tissue-cultured seedlings under two transplanting methods: mechanical seedling throwing provided in Example 1 and manual cutting provided in Comparative Example 4.

[0104] Using the tissue-cultured seedlings of "Huashu 14" cultured for 21 days as the experimental materials, a comparative experiment on the survival rates of potato tissue-cultured seedlings was carried out under two transplanting methods of mechanical seedling throwing and manual cutting. Among them, the control group was manual cutting, and the treatment group was mechanical seedling throwing. Four replicates were set for each treatment, and one replicate was one plug tray. The transplanting density was 300 plants / m 2 . After planting the experimental materials in the plug trays according to the two transplanting methods, they were placed in a growth chamber for seedling raising, covered with a film to keep warm and moist. The temperature in the growth chamber was 18 - 23°C, the humidity was 85 - 95%, and the light was 16 h. The survival rate of potato seedlings was counted 7 days after transplanting.

[0105] Table 7 Effects of two tissue-cultured seedling transplanting methods of mechanical seedling throwing and manual cutting on the survival rate of "Huashu 14"

[0106]

[0107] Note: The mean value is expressed as: mean ± standard error

[0108] The results in Table 7 show that under the same cultivation conditions, there were significant differences in the survival rates of "Huashu 14" under the two transplanting methods of manual cutting and mechanical seedling throwing. The survival rate under the mechanical seedling throwing method also reached over 95% and could be applied to actual production.

[0109] To sum up, this experimental example shows that it is feasible to produce potato mini-tubers by using a seedling throwing machine for potato tissue-cultured seedlings, which has an alternative to the manual cutting transplanting method.

[0110] Experimental Example 4

[0111] Efficiency comparison test of three transplanting methods: manual cutting, manual seedling throwing, and mechanical seedling throwing.

[0112] Taking "Huashu No. 14" as the test variety, an efficiency comparison test of three transplanting methods: manual cutting, manual seedling throwing, and mechanical seedling throwing. The transplanting density is 300 plants / m 2 . Four replicates are set for each treatment.

[0113]

[0114] Note: The mean value is expressed as: mean ± standard error

[0115] The results show that there is no significant difference in the efficiency between manual seedling throwing and mechanical seedling throwing, and the efficiency is significantly improved compared with manual cutting. Among them, the efficiency of manual seedling throwing is increased by 8.7 times, and the efficiency of mechanical seedling throwing is increased by 7 times.

[0116] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating potato mini-tubers, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Propagation of tissue culture seedlings: Cut the potato tissue culture seedlings for propagation, inoculate them in an inverted tissue culture box containing culture medium, and harden and transplant them after 3 to 4 weeks of cultivation; S2: Hardening the seedlings: Place the inverted tissue culture box in a natural temperature environment for 3 to 6 days; S3: Planting: Fix the inverted tissue culture box base and seedling separation plate on the seedling transport device of the seedling throwing machine, and cut the stems of the tissue culture seedlings using the cutting device of the seedling throwing machine or manually; let the cut tissue culture seedlings fall on the substrate, then cover the seedlings with the substrate and water them; the density of tissue culture seedlings is 300-400 plants / m 2 .

2. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the 2 The substrate mass is used to cover the cut tissue culture seedlings.

3. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The matrix is ​​selected from at least one of vermiculite, coconut bran and perlite.

4. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the potato tissue culture seedlings are cut into segments for propagation, one leaf per segment when cut, and the culture density is 20-90 segments / box; the potatoes are potato microtubers; Preferably, the culture medium in the inverted tissue culture box is: a culture medium prepared by adding 35-45 g / L of white sugar and 7-9 g / L of agar to MS basic culture medium.

5. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, the culture conditions are: 20-24°C and the light intensity is 2600-3000lx.

6. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, after watering, the crops are covered with agricultural film to keep warm and moist, or after autumn sowing, sunshade nets are used to block strong light.

7. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the planting in step S3, the following field management is performed: the agricultural film is uncovered 1 to 2 weeks after the spring sowing and transplanting of seedlings, and the sunshade net is uncovered 1 to 2 weeks after the autumn sowing and transplanting of seedlings.

8. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 7, characterized in that: The field management includes: regulating the humidity to maintain at 85% to 95% within 7 days after transplanting the seedlings; regulating the humidity to maintain at 70% to 80% after 7 to 8 days; and controlling water during the vigorous growth period.

9. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 8, characterized in that: Water less or not at all 14 days before maturity.

10. The method for cultivating potato mini-tubers according to claim 8, characterized in that: Fertilizer application adopts one-time base fertilizer; reduce or do not use nitrogen fertilizer during the tuber formation period.

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