Intelligent sorting device and method for waste circuit boards
By designing an intelligent sorting device, using the cooperation of metal detectors and reset components, the sorting accuracy and continuity problems caused by the reset delay of the guide plate in the prior art are solved, and efficient metal and non-metal classification of waste circuit boards is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510549176.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
AI Technical Summary
The existing waste circuit board sorting equipment has the reset delay of the electric push rod driving guide plate, which leads to improper cooperation between the conveyor belt and the guide plate, affecting the sorting accuracy and continuity.
An intelligent sorting device is designed to realize metal detection and classification sorting of circuit boards through the mutual cooperation of metal detectors, drive components, linkage structures, transmission structures, conveying components and reciprocating components. The device operates under the drive of the transmission structure by the reset assembly to ensure that the guide plate can be reset in time and avoid unintended contact.
It realizes efficient metal and non-metal classification of waste circuit boards, improves the sorting accuracy and continuity, and avoids the sorting path interference caused by the failure of the guide plate to reset in time.
Smart Images
Figure CN120115419A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste product recycling, and specifically to an intelligent sorting device and method for waste printed circuit boards. Background Art
[0002] Waste printed circuit boards, namely discarded printed circuit boards (PCBs), come from various electronic devices, such as old computers, mobile phones, household appliances, etc. Recycling waste printed circuit boards has multiple important significances. For example, environmental protection, economic benefits, resource conservation, and social sustainable development. Among them, resource conservation includes: 1. Recycling precious metals and rare metals. Waste printed circuit boards contain a large amount of precious metals and rare metals, such as gold, silver, copper, palladium, cobalt, etc., and their metal content is much higher than that of ordinary ores. By recycling these metals, the exploitation of primary resources can be effectively reduced and the resource utilization rate can be improved; 2. Recycling other useful materials. In addition to metals, materials such as plastics and glass fibers in waste printed circuit boards can also be recycled and reused as raw materials for industries such as construction and chemical engineering.
[0003] When recycling waste printed circuit boards, it is generally necessary to use sorting equipment to classify the waste printed circuit boards into metals and non-metals for subsequent processing operations. Existing sorting equipment usually uses metal detectors to detect waste printed circuit boards on the conveyor belt, and then drives the guide plate to classify and guide the waste printed circuit boards through electric push rods. However, the device using an electric push rod to drive the guide plate may have a reset delay, resulting in improper cooperation between the conveyor belt and the guide plate. When the guide plate fails to reset in time, it may cause unexpected contact with the waste printed circuit board, interfering with the accuracy of the sorting path. This mechanical response lag problem directly affects the sorting accuracy and continuity. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent sorting device and method for waste printed circuit boards to solve the problems raised in the above background art.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An intelligent sorting device for waste printed circuit boards, including a lathe, a frame, a metal detector, and a guide plate. The frame is arranged on the lathe, and the metal detector is arranged on the frame through a reciprocating component. When the reciprocating component operates, the metal detector will move back and forth once and detect the circuit boards on the lathe; A conveying component is arranged on the lathe. When the conveying component operates, it can convey the circuit boards to the lower part of the metal detector. A controller is arranged on the lathe, and the metal detector can transmit the detected data to the controller through an electrical signal; A driving component is arranged on the frame body. The driving component is connected to the conveying component through a linkage structure, and the driving component is connected to the reciprocating component through a transmission structure. When the driving component operates, the linkage structure and the transmission structure will act alternately, so that the conveying component and the reciprocating component will act alternately; The guiding plate is arranged on the lathe through a sorting component. The sorting component can classify the circuit board into metal and non-metal through the guiding plate under the action of the controller; A reset component is arranged on the lathe. The reset component cooperates with the transmission structure and the guiding plate respectively. When the transmission structure operates, the reset component will follow and perform a reset process on the guiding plate.
[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: The reciprocating component includes a bridge arranged on the frame body and a sliding seat slid horizontally on the bridge. The metal detector is arranged on the sliding seat; One end of each of the two ends of the bridge is rotatably provided with a first rotating column and a second rotating column respectively. A first sprocket and a second sprocket are respectively arranged on the first rotating column and the second rotating column. The first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected by a chain.
[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: A chute is vertically opened on one side wall of the sliding seat. A matching column is rotatably arranged on one of the links of the chain; The matching column is located in the chute and is slidably matched with each other. A first bevel gear is arranged on the first rotating column.
[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: The conveying component includes a driving roller shaft and a driven roller shaft respectively rotatably arranged at both ends of the lathe. A conveyor belt is installed on the outer walls of the driving roller shaft and the driven roller shaft.
[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: The driving component includes a driving disk, a first driven disk and a second driven disk. The driving disk cooperates with the first driven disk and the second driven disk respectively. When the driving disk rotates, the first driven disk and the second driven disk will rotate alternately; A support frame is arranged on the frame body. The driving disk, the first driven disk and the second driven disk are respectively rotatably arranged on the support frame through a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft and a third rotating shaft. A reduction motor is arranged on the frame body. The output end of the reduction motor is fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft.
[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: The linkage structure includes a first transmission wheel and a second transmission wheel. The first transmission wheel is arranged on the second rotating shaft; The second driving wheel is arranged at one end of the driving roller shaft, and the first driving wheel and the second driving wheel are connected by a belt.
[0011] As a further scheme of the present invention: The transmission structure includes a fixing frame arranged on the frame body, and a transmission shaft and a rotating rod are respectively rotatably arranged on the fixing frame; A first gear, a second gear, and a third bevel gear are respectively arranged on the transmission shaft, a third gear and a second bevel gear are respectively arranged on the rotating rod, and a fourth gear is arranged on the third rotating shaft; The first gear and the fourth gear are meshed with each other, the second gear and the third gear are meshed with each other, and the second bevel gear and the first bevel gear are meshed with each other.
[0012] As a further scheme of the present invention: The sorting component includes a special-shaped frame, a sleeve, and a sliding rod slidably matched with the sleeve. The special-shaped frame is arranged on the lathe, and one end of the guide plate is rotatably arranged on the special-shaped frame; One end of the sleeve far from the sliding rod is rotatably connected with the special-shaped frame, one end of the sliding rod far from the sleeve is rotatably connected with the guide plate, a spring is arranged inside the sleeve, and two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected with one end of the sliding rod close to the sleeve and the inner wall of the sleeve far from the sliding rod; A vertical rod is rotatably arranged on the special-shaped frame, a swing rod is arranged on the vertical rod, one end of the swing rod abuts against the side wall of the guide plate, a forward motor is arranged on the lathe, an output end of the forward motor is fixedly connected with one end of the vertical rod, and the forward motor is electrically connected with the controller. A storage box is arranged on the lathe.
[0013] As a further scheme of the present invention: The reset component includes an L-shaped frame arranged on the lathe and a movable column vertically rotatably arranged on the L-shaped frame. A reset push rod and a fourth bevel gear are respectively arranged on the movable column, and the reset push rod is matched with the guide plate; A cross bar is horizontally rotatably arranged between the L-shaped frame and the frame body. A fifth bevel gear and a sixth bevel gear are respectively arranged at two ends of the cross bar, and the fifth bevel gear and the fourth bevel gear are meshed with each other; A column is vertically rotatably arranged on the frame body. A seventh bevel gear and an eighth bevel gear are respectively rotatably arranged at two ends of the column. The seventh bevel gear and the sixth bevel gear are meshed with each other, and the eighth bevel gear and the third bevel gear are meshed with each other.
[0014] A method for sorting waste circuit boards by using the above-mentioned intelligent device includes the following steps: Step 1: Physical crushing, crushing the waste circuit board into small pieces with a certain particle size for subsequent sorting treatment; Step 2: Classification and screening. The crushed materials are subjected to preliminary classification and screening to remove some obvious impurities and unwanted substances. Step 3: Metal collection. The crushed materials are placed on the intelligent device at equal intervals, and the intelligent device is used to collect the materials containing metal, so as to realize the separation of metal and non-metal. Step 4: Wet treatment. Chemical solvents or electrolysis and other hydrometallurgical technologies are used to treat the collected waste circuit boards containing metal, so that the metal is leached and recovered from the circuit boards.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The provided driving component can drive the conveying component and the reciprocating component to perform alternating operations respectively through the linkage structure and the transmission structure. When the conveying component operates, it can convey the circuit board to the lower part of the metal detector; when the reciprocating component operates, it can make the metal detector move back and forth once, so as to detect the circuit board. At the same time, the reset component will also act under the drive of the transmission structure; when the metal detector detects that the circuit board contains metal, it will send an electrical signal to the controller, and the controller will immediately start the sorting component. The sorting component can drive the guide plate to deflect, so as to obliquely guide the circuit board on the conveying component in the forward direction. When the conveying component operates again, the circuit board will be guided by the guide plate and separated from the conveying component, so as to realize the sorting of the circuit board; when the metal detector detects that the circuit board does not contain metal, the controller will not start the sorting component, that is, the guide plate remains in the initial position, so that the circuit board can be smoothly conveyed backward. Among them, the reset component will be divided into two situations when it acts. One is that when the guide plate is in the initial position, the reset component will not contact the guide plate, which is an idle stroke; the other is that when the guide plate is deflected and in an inclined state, the reset component will push the guide plate to rotate back to the initial position.
[0016] Through the mutual cooperation among the metal detector, the driving component, the linkage structure, the transmission structure, the conveying component and the reciprocating component, the present invention can sequentially perform metal detection on multiple circuit boards, and transmit the detection results to the controller through electrical signals. The controller will determine whether to start the sorting component according to the results, so as to decide whether the guide plate deflects, so as to realize the classification of metal and non-metal of the circuit board; at the same time, during the process that the transmission structure drives the metal detector to move through the reciprocating component, the reset component also acts under the drive of the transmission structure. When the guide plate is in the initial position, the reset component performs an idle stroke; when the guide plate is in the inclined position, the reset component will push the guide plate to rotate to the initial position. Compared with the traditional device, during the detection process of the metal detector, the reset component will act synchronously, avoiding the situation that the guide plate fails to be reset in time, which may lead to unexpected contact with the circuit board and interfere with the accuracy of the sorting path. Description of the Drawings
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of an intelligent sorting device for waste printed circuit boards.
[0018] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 the enlarged view at position A in
[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of another perspective of an embodiment of an intelligent sorting device for waste printed circuit boards.
[0020] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 the enlarged view at position B in
[0021] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve structure in an embodiment of an intelligent sorting device for waste printed circuit boards.
[0022] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 the enlarged view at position C in
[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of yet another perspective of an embodiment of an intelligent sorting device for waste printed circuit boards.
[0024] Figure 8 It is Figure 7 the enlarged view at position D in
[0025] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of still another perspective of an embodiment of an intelligent sorting device for waste printed circuit boards.
[0026] Figure 10 It is Figure 9 the enlarged view at position E in
[0027] Figure 11 It is a top view of the overall structure of an embodiment of an intelligent sorting device for waste printed circuit boards.
[0028] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure in an embodiment of an intelligent sorting device for waste printed circuit boards.
[0029] In the figure: 1, lathe; 2, frame; 3, metal detector; 4, guide plate; 5, controller; 6, bridge; 7, sliding seat; 8, first rotating column; 9, second rotating column; 10, first sprocket; 11, second sprocket; 12, chain; 13, chute; 14, mating column; 15, first bevel gear; 16, driving roller shaft; 17, driven roller shaft; 18, conveyor belt; 19, driving disc; 20, first driven disc; 21, second driven disc; 22, support frame; 23, first rotating shaft; 24, second rotating shaft; 25, third rotating shaft; 26, reduction motor; 27, first driving wheel; 28, second driving wheel; 29, belt; 30, fixing frame; 31, transmission shaft; 32, rotating rod; 33, first gear; 34, second gear; 35, third gear; 36, second bevel gear; 37, fourth gear; 38, third bevel gear; 39, special-shaped frame; 40, sleeve; 41, sliding rod; 42, spring; 43, vertical rod; 44, swing rod; 45, progressive motor; 46, storage box; 47, L-shaped frame; 48, movable column; 49, reset push rod; 50, fourth bevel gear; 51, cross bar; 52, fifth bevel gear; 53, sixth bevel gear; 54, column; 55, seventh bevel gear; 56, eighth bevel gear. Specific embodiments
[0030] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0031] In addition, an element in the present invention is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, which can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only implementation manner.
[0032] Please refer to Figures 1 - 12 , in the embodiment of the present invention, an intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards includes a lathe 1, a frame 2, a metal detector 3, and a guide plate 4. The frame 2 is disposed on the lathe 1, and the metal detector 3 is disposed on the frame 2 through a reciprocating component. When the reciprocating component operates, the metal detector 3 will move back and forth once and detect the circuit boards on the lathe 1; The lathe 1 is provided with a conveying assembly, and when the conveying assembly is in operation, the circuit board can be conveyed to the bottom of the metal detector 3. The lathe 1 is provided with a controller 5, and the metal detector 3 can transmit the detected data to the controller 5 through an electrical signal; The frame 2 is provided with a driving assembly, which is connected to the conveying assembly through a linkage structure, and is connected to the reciprocating assembly through a transmission structure. When the driving assembly is running, the linkage structure and the transmission structure will act alternately, so that the conveying assembly and the reciprocating assembly act alternately. The guide plate 4 is arranged on the lathe 1 through a sorting component, and the sorting component can classify the circuit board into metal and non-metal through the guide plate 4 under the action of the controller 5; The lathe 1 is provided with a reset component, which cooperates with the transmission structure and the guide plate 4 respectively. When the transmission structure is running, the reset component will follow the operation and reset the guide plate 4.
[0033] In the present solution, the driving assembly is capable of driving the conveying assembly and the reciprocating assembly to operate alternately through the linkage structure and the transmission structure respectively. When the conveying assembly is operating, the circuit board can be conveyed to the bottom of the metal detector 3; when the reciprocating assembly is operating, the metal detector 3 can be moved back and forth once, thereby detecting the circuit board. At the same time, the reset assembly will also be driven by the transmission structure to operate; when the metal detector 3 detects that the circuit board contains metal, it will send an electrical signal to the controller 5, and the controller 5 will immediately start the sorting assembly. The sorting assembly can drive the guide plate 4 to deflect, thereby guiding the circuit board on the conveying assembly in an inclined direction in the forward direction. When the conveying assembly operates again, the circuit board will be separated from the conveying assembly under the guidance of the guide plate 4, thereby realizing the sorting of the circuit board; when the metal detector 3 detects that the circuit board does not contain metal, the controller 5 will not start the sorting assembly, that is, the guide plate 4 is still in the initial position, so that the circuit board can be smoothly conveyed backward. Among them, the reset component will be divided into two situations when it is in action. One is that when the guide plate 4 is in the initial position, the reset component will not contact the guide plate 4, that is, it is an empty stroke; the other is that when the guide plate 4 is in an inclined state after deflection, the reset component will push the guide plate 4 to reset and rotate to the initial position.
[0034] See also Figure 2 , Figure 12 The reciprocating assembly includes a bridge frame 6 arranged on the frame body 2 and a slide seat 7 horizontally slidably arranged on the bridge frame 6, and the metal detector 3 is arranged on the slide seat 7; One end of the bridge 6 is rotatably provided with a first rotating column 8 and the other end is rotatably provided with a second rotating column 9. A first sprocket 10 and a second sprocket 11 are respectively arranged on the first rotating column 8 and the second rotating column 9. The first sprocket 10 and the second sprocket 11 are connected by a chain 12; A chute 13 is vertically formed on one side wall of the sliding seat 7. A mating column 14 is rotatably arranged on one link of the chain 12; The mating column 14 is located in the chute 13 and is in sliding fit with each other. A first bevel gear 15 is arranged on the first rotating column 8.
[0035] In this embodiment, since the first sprocket 10 fixed on the first rotating column 8 and the second sprocket 11 fixed on the second rotating column 9 are connected by a chain 12, when the first rotating column 8 rotates, the first sprocket 10, the chain 12, the second sprocket 11 and the second rotating column 9 all rotate. Also, because the first bevel gear 15 is fixed on the first rotating column 8, when the first bevel gear 15 rotates, the first rotating column 8 will rotate accordingly; Since the sliding seat 7 is horizontally slidably arranged on the bridge 6, and the mating column 14 rotatably arranged on one link of the chain 12 is located in the chute 13 formed on the sliding seat 7 and is in sliding fit with each other, when the chain 12 rotates, the sliding seat 7 will perform horizontal reciprocating movement; also, because the metal detector 3 is arranged on the sliding seat 7, therefore, the metal detector 3 will follow the sliding seat 7 to perform horizontal reciprocating movement.
[0036] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 9 , the conveying assembly includes a driving roller shaft 16 and a driven roller shaft 17 respectively rotatably arranged at both ends of the lathe 1. The outer walls of the driving roller shaft 16 and the driven roller shaft 17 are provided with a conveyor belt 18.
[0037] In this embodiment, since the conveyor belt 18 is arranged on the outer walls of the driving roller shaft 16 and the driven roller shaft 17, when the driving roller shaft 16 rotates, the conveyor belt 18 and the driven roller shaft 17 will rotate accordingly, so as to convey the circuit board placed on the conveyor belt 18 to the lower part of the metal detector 3.
[0038] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 12 , the driving assembly includes a driving disk 19, a first driven disk 20 and a second driven disk 21. The driving disk 19 is respectively matched with the first driven disk 20 and the second driven disk 21, and when the driving disk 19 rotates, the first driven disk 20 and the second driven disk 21 will rotate alternately; A support frame 22 is provided on the frame body 2. The driving disk 19, the first driven disk 20, and the second driven disk 21 are respectively rotatably arranged on the support frame 22 through a first rotating shaft 23, a second rotating shaft 24, and a third rotating shaft 25. A reduction motor 26 is provided on the frame body 2, and the output end of the reduction motor 26 is fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft 23.
[0039] In this embodiment, the driving disk 19, the first driven disk 20, and the second driven disk 21 together form a Maltese cross movement structure. Therefore, when the driving disk 19 rotates, the first driven disk 20 and the second driven disk 21 will rotate alternately. Among them, the first driven disk 20 and the second driven disk 21 are arranged in four equal parts. Therefore, when the driving disk 19 rotates one week, the first driven disk 20 and the second driven disk 21 each rotate one-fourth of a circle. Since the driving disk 19, the first driven disk 20, and the second driven disk 21 are respectively rotatably arranged on the support frame 22 through the first rotating shaft 23, the second rotating shaft 24, and the third rotating shaft 25, and the output end of the reduction motor 26 is fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft 23. Therefore, when the reduction motor 26 is started, the first rotating shaft 23 will drive the driving disk 19 to rotate. When the driving disk 19 drives the first driven disk 20 to rotate, the second rotating shaft 24 will rotate accordingly; when the driving disk 19 drives the second driven disk 21 to rotate, the third rotating shaft 25 will rotate accordingly.
[0040] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The linkage structure includes a first transmission wheel 27 and a second transmission wheel 28. The first transmission wheel 27 is arranged on the second rotating shaft 24; The second transmission wheel 28 is arranged at one end of the driving roller shaft 16, and the first transmission wheel 27 and the second transmission wheel 28 are connected by a belt 29.
[0041] In this embodiment, since the first transmission wheel 27 fixed on the second rotating shaft 24 and the second transmission wheel 28 fixed at one end of the driving roller shaft 16 are connected by a belt 29, when the second rotating shaft 24 rotates, the driving roller shaft 16 will rotate accordingly.
[0042] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 10 The transmission structure includes a fixed frame 30 arranged on the frame body 2. A transmission shaft 31 and a rotating rod 32 are respectively rotatably arranged on the fixed frame 30; A first gear 33, a second gear 34, and a third bevel gear 38 are respectively arranged on the transmission shaft 31. A third gear 35 and a second bevel gear 36 are respectively arranged on the rotating rod 32. A fourth gear 37 is arranged on the third rotating shaft 25; The first gear 33 and the fourth gear 37 mesh with each other, the second gear 34 and the third gear 35 mesh with each other, and the second bevel gear 36 and the first bevel gear 15 mesh with each other.
[0043] In this embodiment, since the first gear 33 fixed on the transmission shaft 31 and the fourth gear 37 fixed on the third rotating shaft 25 mesh with each other, when the third rotating shaft 25 rotates, the transmission shaft 31 will rotate accordingly. Also, because the second gear 34 fixed on the transmission shaft 31 and the third gear 35 fixed on the rotating rod 32 mesh with each other, when the transmission shaft 31 rotates, the rotating rod 32 will rotate accordingly. Since the second bevel gear 36 fixed on the rotating rod 32 and the first bevel gear 15 mesh with each other, when the rotating rod 32 rotates, the first bevel gear 15 will rotate accordingly. Among them, the diameter of the fourth gear 37 is four times that of the first gear 33, and the diameters of the fourth gear 37 and the second gear 34 are the same, the diameters of the first gear 33 and the third gear 35 are the same, and at the same time, the diameter of the second bevel gear 36 is larger than that of the first bevel gear 15. When the third rotating shaft 25 rotates a quarter of a turn, the transmission shaft 31 will rotate one full turn, and the second gear 34 and the third bevel gear 38 will rotate one full turn accordingly; the rotating rod 32 will rotate four full turns, and the second bevel gear 36 will rotate four full turns accordingly. Since the diameter of the second bevel gear 36 is larger than that of the first bevel gear 15, the first bevel gear 15 will rotate quickly for several turns, thereby driving the metal detector 3 to move horizontally back and forth.
[0044] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the sorting assembly includes a special-shaped frame 39, a sleeve 40, and a sliding rod 41 that is slidably engaged with the sleeve 40. The special-shaped frame 39 is arranged on the lathe 1, and one end of the guide plate 4 is rotatably arranged on the special-shaped frame 39. One end of the sleeve 40 away from the sliding rod 41 is rotatably connected to the special-shaped frame 39. One end of the sliding rod 41 away from the sleeve 40 is rotatably connected to the guide plate 4. A spring 42 is arranged inside the sleeve 40. Two ends of the spring 42 are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod 41 close to the sleeve 40 and the inner wall of one end of the sleeve 40 away from the sliding rod 41. A vertical rod 43 is rotatably arranged on the special-shaped frame 39. A swing rod 44 is arranged on the vertical rod 43. One end of the swing rod 44 abuts against the side wall of the guide plate 4. A forward motor 45 is arranged on the lathe 1. The output end of the forward motor 45 is fixedly connected to one end of the vertical rod 43, and the forward motor 45 is electrically connected to the controller 5. A storage box 46 is arranged on the lathe 1.
[0045] In this embodiment, due to the presence of the spring 42 and it being kept in a slightly stretched state, and at the same time, one end of the swing rod 44 abuts against the side wall of the guide plate 4, so the guide plate 4 will remain stationary; Also, because the guide plate 4 is connected to the special-shaped frame 39 through the sleeve 40 and the slide rod 41 that are in sliding fit with each other, so when the guide plate 4 deflects, the sleeve 40 and the slide rod 41 will slide correspondingly, thereby stretching the spring 42 to different degrees; Since one end of the guide plate 4 is rotatably arranged on the special-shaped frame 39, the output end of the stepping motor 45 is fixedly connected to one end of the vertical rod 43, and the swing rod 44 is fixed to the vertical rod 43, so when the stepping motor 45 rotates forward, the swing rod 44 will push the guide plate 4 to deflect. When the guide plate 4 deflects to be in the same plane as the sleeve 40 and the slide rod 41, at this time, the spring 42 will be stretched to the maximum amount. When the swing rod 44 drives the guide plate 4 to continue deflecting, the spring 42 will quickly contract, thereby driving the guide plate 4 to deflect instantaneously and quickly and tightly abut against the reset push rod 49. In this state, when the conveyor belt 18 rotates, the circuit board will fall into the storage box 46 under the guidance of the guide plate 4, and then the stepping motor 45 rotates in reverse to reset.
[0046] Please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 10 , the reset assembly includes an L-shaped frame 47 arranged on the lathe 1 and a movable column 48 vertically rotatably arranged on the L-shaped frame 47. A reset push rod 49 and a fourth bevel gear 50 are respectively arranged on the movable column 48, and the reset push rod 49 cooperates with the guide plate 4; A cross bar 51 is horizontally rotatably arranged between the L-shaped frame 47 and the frame body 2. A fifth bevel gear 52 and a sixth bevel gear 53 are respectively arranged at both ends of the cross bar 51, and the fifth bevel gear 52 meshes with the fourth bevel gear 50; A column 54 is vertically rotatably arranged on the frame body 2. A seventh bevel gear 55 and an eighth bevel gear 56 are respectively rotatably arranged at both ends of the column 54. The seventh bevel gear 55 meshes with the sixth bevel gear 53, and the eighth bevel gear 56 meshes with the third bevel gear 38.
[0047] In this embodiment, since the reset push rod 49 is rotatably arranged on the L-shaped frame 47 through the movable column 48, so when the movable column 48 rotates one week, the reset push rod 49 will follow and rotate one week; In the state where the guide plate 4 is in an inclined position and tightly abuts against the reset push rod 49, when the reset push rod 49 rotates one week, the reset push rod 49 will push the guide plate 4 to rotate for reset. And when the guide plate 4 is again in the same plane as the sleeve 40 and the slide rod 41, the reset push rod 49 continues to push the guide plate 4 to rotate for reset. At this time, the spring 42 will drive the guide plate 4 to rotate quickly for reset and abut against the swing rod 44; Moreover, since the fifth bevel gear 52 meshes with the fourth bevel gear 50, the seventh bevel gear 55 meshes with the sixth bevel gear 53, and the eighth bevel gear 56 meshes with the third bevel gear 38, when the third bevel gear 38 rotates one full circle, the fourth bevel gear 50 will rotate one full circle, thereby causing the movable column 48 and the reset push rod 49 to rotate one full circle.
[0048] A method for sorting waste printed circuit boards using the intelligent device described above, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Physical crushing, crushing the waste printed circuit boards into small pieces of a certain particle size for subsequent sorting treatment; Step 2: Classification and screening, preliminarily classifying and screening the crushed materials to remove some obvious impurities and unwanted substances; Step 3: Metal collection, placing the crushed materials at equal intervals on the intelligent device, and using the intelligent device to collect the materials containing metal, thereby achieving the separation of metal and non-metal; Step 4: Wet treatment, using wet metallurgy techniques such as chemical solvents or electrolysis to treat the collected waste printed circuit boards containing metal, so that the metal is leached and recovered from the circuit boards.
[0049] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.
[0050] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative manner of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. An intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards, comprising a lathe (1), a frame (2), a metal detector (3), and a guide plate (4), characterized in that: The frame (2) is arranged on the lathe (1), and the metal detector (3) is arranged on the frame (2) via a reciprocating component; when the reciprocating component is in operation, the metal detector (3) moves back and forth once and detects the circuit board on the lathe (1); The lathe (1) is provided with a conveying assembly, and when the conveying assembly is in operation, the circuit board can be conveyed to the bottom of the metal detector (3). The lathe (1) is provided with a controller (5), and the metal detector (3) can transmit the detected data to the controller (5) via an electrical signal. The frame (2) is provided with a driving assembly, the driving assembly is connected to the conveying assembly via a linkage structure, and the driving assembly is connected to the reciprocating assembly via a transmission structure, when the driving assembly is in operation, the linkage structure and the transmission structure will act alternately, so that the conveying assembly and the reciprocating assembly act alternately; The guide plate (4) is arranged on the lathe (1) via a sorting component, and the sorting component can, under the action of the controller (5), sort the circuit boards into metal and non-metal through the guide plate (4); The lathe (1) is provided with a reset component, which cooperates with the transmission structure and the guide plate (4) respectively. When the transmission structure is running, the reset component will follow the operation and reset the guide plate (4).
2. The intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reciprocating assembly comprises a bridge frame (6) arranged on the frame body (2) and a slide seat (7) arranged horizontally and slidably on the bridge frame (6), and the metal detector (3) is arranged on the slide seat (7); A first rotating column (8) and a second rotating column (9) are rotatably disposed at both ends of the bridge frame (6), a first sprocket (10) and a second sprocket (11) are disposed on the first rotating column (8) and the second rotating column (9), respectively, and the first sprocket (10) and the second sprocket (11) are connected via a chain (12).
3. The intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A sliding groove (13) is vertically provided on one side wall of the sliding seat (7), and a matching column (14) is rotatably provided on one of the chain links of the chain (12); The matching columns (14) are located in the slide grooves (13) and are slidably matched with each other, and a first bevel gear (15) is provided on the first rotating column (8).
4. The intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The conveying assembly comprises an active roller shaft (16) and a driven roller shaft (17) which are rotatably arranged at two ends of the lathe (1) respectively, and a conveying belt (18) is installed on the outer walls of the active roller shaft (16) and the driven roller shaft (17).
5. The intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a driving disk (19), a first driven disk (20) and a second driven disk (21), wherein the driving disk (19) cooperates with the first driven disk (20) and the second driven disk (21), and when the driving disk (19) rotates, the first driven disk (20) and the second driven disk (21) rotate alternately; A support frame (22) is arranged on the frame body (2); the active disk (19), the first driven disk (20) and the second driven disk (21) are rotatably arranged on the support frame (22) via a first rotating shaft (23), a second rotating shaft (24) and a third rotating shaft (25), respectively; a reduction motor (26) is arranged on the frame body (2); an output end of the reduction motor (26) is fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating shaft (23).
6. The intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The linkage structure comprises a first transmission wheel (27) and a second transmission wheel (28), wherein the first transmission wheel (27) is arranged on the second rotating shaft (24); The second transmission wheel (28) is arranged at one end of the active roller shaft (16), and the first transmission wheel (27) and the second transmission wheel (28) are connected via a belt (29).
7. The intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The transmission structure comprises a fixed frame (30) arranged on the frame body (2), and a transmission shaft (31) and a rotating rod (32) are rotatably arranged on the fixed frame (30); The transmission shaft (31) is provided with a first gear (33), a second gear (34), and a third bevel gear (38), the rotating rod (32) is provided with a third gear (35) and a second bevel gear (36), and the third rotating shaft (25) is provided with a fourth gear (37); The first gear (33) and the fourth gear (37) are meshed with each other, the second gear (34) and the third gear (35) are meshed with each other, and the second bevel gear (36) and the first bevel gear (15) are meshed with each other.
8. The intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sorting assembly comprises a special-shaped frame (39), a sleeve (40) and a slide rod (41) slidably matched with the sleeve (40); the special-shaped frame (39) is arranged on the lathe (1); and one end of the guide plate (4) is rotatably arranged on the special-shaped frame (39); One end of the sleeve (40) away from the slide rod (41) is rotatably connected to the special-shaped frame (39), and one end of the slide rod (41) away from the sleeve (40) is rotatably connected to the guide plate (4). A spring (42) is provided inside the sleeve (40), and two ends of the spring (42) are respectively fixedly connected to an end of the slide rod (41) close to the sleeve (40) and an inner wall of an end of the sleeve (40) away from the slide rod (41); A vertical rod (43) is rotatably arranged on the special-shaped frame (39), a swing rod (44) is arranged on the vertical rod (43), one end of the swing rod (44) is in contact with the side wall of the guide plate (4), a progressive motor (45) is arranged on the lathe (1), an output end of the progressive motor (45) is fixedly connected to one end of the vertical rod (43), and the progressive motor (45) is electrically connected to the controller (5), and a storage box (46) is arranged on the lathe (1).
9. The intelligent sorting device for waste circuit boards according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reset assembly comprises an L-shaped frame (47) arranged on the lathe (1) and a movable column (48) arranged on the L-shaped frame (47) for vertical rotation, a reset push rod (49) and a fourth bevel gear (50) are respectively arranged on the movable column (48), and the reset push rod (49) cooperates with the guide plate (4); A crossbar (51) is provided between the L-shaped frame (47) and the frame body (2) for horizontal rotation, a fifth bevel gear (52) and a sixth bevel gear (53) are provided at both ends of the crossbar (51), and the fifth bevel gear (52) and the fourth bevel gear (50) are meshed with each other; A column (54) is vertically rotatably arranged on the frame body (2), and a seventh bevel gear (55) and an eighth bevel gear (56) are rotatably arranged at both ends of the column (54), the seventh bevel gear (55) and the sixth bevel gear (53) are meshed with each other, and the eighth bevel gear (56) and the third bevel gear (38) are meshed with each other.
10. A method for sorting waste circuit boards using the intelligent device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Physical crushing, breaking the waste circuit boards into small pieces of a certain size for subsequent sorting and processing; Step 2: Classification and screening: preliminary classification and screening of the crushed materials to remove some obvious impurities and unnecessary substances; Step 3: Metal collection: Place the crushed materials on the intelligent device at equal intervals, and use the intelligent device to collect the materials containing metals, thereby achieving the separation of metals and non-metals; Step 4: Wet processing, using wet metallurgical techniques such as chemical solvents or electrolysis to collect and process waste circuit boards containing metals, so that the metals are leached from the circuit boards and recovered.