Multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of impact-resistant materials for aircraft parts, in particular to a multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part and a preparation method thereof. A conventional anti-impact material for aircraft parts is high in shearing resistance and bending rigidity and cannot provide a three-dimensional curved surface which is continuous and complete enough to be attached to a special-shaped surface. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part, the multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part is formed by compounding aramid fiber layers and SSG layers through hot pressing, every two adjacent aramid fiber layers are bonded and fixed through the SSG layer, the SSG layer in the structural layer of the obtained multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part is a shear-hardened rubber composite material, the viscosity can be increased when the SSG layer is subjected to external force, and the SSG layer is not prone to deformation. And the impact resistance of the multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part can be obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti - impact materials for aircraft parts, and particularly to a multi - functional three - dimensional heterogeneous part and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the existing composite material field, multi - layer two - dimensional planar structure parts are dominant. Their fibers are only tightly interwoven or arranged within a two - dimensional plane, forming structural characteristics with strong shear resistance and large bending stiffness. However, such two - dimensional planar structure parts have significant limitations in meeting the requirements of complex three - dimensional curved surface fitting and are difficult to provide continuous and complete surface adaptability. When forced to be reshaped into a three - dimensional curved surface through post - treatment processes such as shearing and die - pressing, defects such as yarn truncation and inter - layer gaps are likely to occur, directly weakening the anti - impact performance of the material and posing a threat to application safety. Especially in the field of three - dimensional shaped preforms, the inherent defects of two - dimensional planar structures lead to insurmountable technical bottlenecks in complex geometric shape adaptation, mechanical property maintenance, and interface integrity.

[0003] To address the above problems, the present invention proposes an innovative three - dimensional structure composite material solution. Its core lies in constructing a three - dimensional shaped preform matrix, which realizes three - dimensional spatial distribution through a special warp and weft yarn design: the warp yarns penetrate the overall structure to form a framework, forming a small number of intersection points with the weft yarns, significantly reducing the bending stiffness and shear resistance of the material, and providing a structural basis for the one - step forming of complex three - dimensional curved surfaces. Compared with the traditional process path of two - dimensional weaving and then forming, this design effectively avoids fiber damage and interface defects, providing a new paradigm for the precise manufacturing of three - dimensional shaped parts.

[0004] At the material composite level, the present invention break - throughly uses borosiloxane polymer silicone rubber (SSG) to replace conventional epoxy resin. As a low - cross - linked silicone rubber, SSG presents a viscous fluid state in its natural state and has unique low elastic modulus characteristics. However, when encountering high - strain - rate impacts, its storage modulus can rapidly climb, forming a dynamic strengthening mechanism. This intelligent response characteristic not only significantly improves the anti - impact performance of the composite material but also realizes a quantitative improvement in energy absorption efficiency.

[0005] Furthermore, the present invention integrates laser - induced graphene technology inside the three - dimensional shaped preform. Through the interaction between the laser and the carbon - containing precursor, a graphene conductive network is in - situ generated inside the material. This network not only endows the composite material with excellent electrical conductivity but also forms a synergistic effect with the SSG matrix, showing broad application prospects in the integration of functions such as electromagnetic shielding and thermal management, providing an innovative path for the development of multi - functional composite materials.

[0006] In summary, through the integrated innovation of three-dimensional texture design, SSG intelligent matrix, and laser-induced graphene technology, the present invention effectively overcomes the technical bottlenecks of traditional two-dimensional composites in three-dimensional curved surface adaptation, impact resistance, and functional integration, bringing a revolutionary breakthrough to the field of high-performance composites. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problems existing in the prior art are as follows: The impact-resistant materials used for conventional aircraft parts have strong shear resistance and large bending stiffness, and cannot provide a sufficient continuous and complete three-dimensional curved surface to fit the special-shaped surface. To address the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-functional three-dimensional heterogeneous part, which is formed by thermocompression lamination of an aramid fiber layer and an SSG layer. The adjacent two aramid fiber layers are bonded and fixed through the SSG layer. The surface of the aramid fiber layer is treated by laser to generate a graphene structure. When the aramid fiber layer and the SSG layer are laminated, the opposite surfaces of the adjacent aramid fiber layers are both treated by laser and have graphene conduction paths designed according to requirements.

[0008] Preferably, the thickness of a single aramid fiber layer is 0.5-1 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the thickness of a single SSG layer is 1-2 mm.

[0010] Preferably, for the SSG raw material in the SSG layer, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0011] (1) Add phenylboronic acid to 5 mL of an aqueous solution of PDMS-OH with a mass concentration of 10%, then add 5 mL of absolute ethanol, and stir and react at 70 °C for 10 min;

[0012] (2) Then, raise the temperature of the reaction system from 180 °C to 200 °C. After the reaction system becomes colorless and transparent, continue to stir until a colloidal product is formed in the reaction system, and the reaction ends. The molar ratio of PDMS-OH to phenylboronic acid is 1:5.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature of the thermocompression lamination is 100 ± 5 °C, and the pressure is 3 ± 0.5 MPa.

[0014] Preferably, the aramid fiber layer is pretreated before the laser treatment, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0015] Cut the layered aramid fiber into small squares, place them in an aqueous ethanol solution with a mass concentration of 95% and ultrasonically clean for at least 10 min, then take them out and soak them in deionized water for at least 2 min, and then take out the fibers and perform vacuum drying for at least 30 min.

[0016] Preferably, the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser wavelength of the laser is 1060 ± 2 nm, the power is 1.5 ± 0.5 W, the speed is 10 ± 1 mm / s, and the defocus is 14 ± 2 mm.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part obtained by the present invention has good flame retardancy, lightweight and impact resistance effects;

[0019] (2) The technology of generating graphene on the surface of aramid fibers induced by laser in the present invention is efficient, low-cost, catalyst-free or mask-free, and can precisely control the generation path of designed graphene, and quickly and precisely form the required conductive structure on the surface of the aramid fiber layer;

[0020] (3) The SSG layer in the structural layer of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part obtained by the present invention is a shear-thickening gum composite material, and its viscosity will increase when subjected to external force, which can significantly improve the impact resistance performance of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is the SEM image of the surface of the graphene-modified aramid fiber layer after laser treatment in Example 1.

[0022] Figure 2 is the Raman image of the surface of the graphene-modified aramid fiber layer after laser treatment in Example 1.

[0023] Figure 3 is the impact load-time curve of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part obtained in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 4 is the impact load-time curve of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part obtained in Example 2. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. However, it should be understood that the following embodiments are only illustrative examples of the implementation modes of the present invention, rather than limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0026] The aramid fiber layer used in the following embodiments of the present invention is obtained by outsourcing. The manufacturer is Suoweite Fiber Technology Co., Ltd., and the model is E51.

[0027] The SSG layer used in the following embodiments of the present invention is formed by hot pressing the SSG raw material. The preparation method of the SSG raw material is as follows:

[0028] (1) Add phenylboronic acid to 5 mL of an aqueous solution of PDMS-OH with a mass concentration of 10%, and then add 5 mL of absolute ethanol. Stir and react at 70 °C for 10 min;

[0029] (2) After that, raise the temperature of the reaction system from 180 °C to 200 °C. After the reaction system becomes colorless and transparent, continue stirring until a colloidal product is formed in the reaction system. The reaction ends. The molar ratio of PDMS-OH to phenylboronic acid is 1:5.

[0030] The graphene-modified aramid fiber layer in the following examples of the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0031] (1) Cut the layered aramid fiber into small squares, place it in an ethanol aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 95% and ultrasonically clean it for 10 min. Then take it out and soak it in deionized water for 2 min. Then take out the fiber and place it in a vacuum dryer at 80 °C for 30 min to obtain a pretreated aramid fiber layer;

[0032] (2) Lay the obtained pretreated aramid fiber layer flat on the processing platform of a CO 2 infrared laser for laser treatment. The laser treatment parameters are: the laser wavelength of the laser is 1064 nm, the power is 1.5 W, the speed is 10 mm / s, and the defocus is 14 mm.

[0033] In the following examples of the present invention, the EVA has a vinyl acetate content of 32% and an average molecular weight of 0.4.

[0034] The test standard for the maximum impact load in the present invention is GB / T 14153-1993.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part is formed by thermocompression lamination of two aramid fiber layers and one SSG layer. The adjacent aramid fiber layers are bonded and fixed through the SSG layer. The surface of the aramid fiber layer is treated by laser to generate a graphene structure. When the aramid fiber layer and the SSG layer are laminated, both the opposite surfaces of the adjacent aramid fiber layers are treated by laser and both have graphene conduction paths designed according to needs. The aramid fiber layer after laser treatment is denoted as the graphene-modified aramid fiber layer.

[0037] The multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part is, from top to bottom, the first graphene-modified aramid fiber layer, the SSG layer, and the second graphene-modified aramid fiber layer.

[0038] Both the first graphene-modified aramid fiber layer and the second graphene-modified aramid fiber layer are graphene-modified aramid fiber layers.

[0039] The thickness of the first graphene-modified aramid fiber layer is 0.5 mm, the thickness of the second graphene-modified aramid fiber layer is 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the SSG layer is 1.3 mm.

[0040] The SEM image of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous component obtained in Example 1 is shown in the appendix of the specification. Figure 1 As can be seen from the image, a graphene structure is formed on the surface of the aramid fiber layer.

[0041] The Raman image of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous component obtained in Example 1 is shown in the appendix of the specification. Figure 2 As can be seen from the Raman image, the characteristic peaks of graphene can be observed, further proving the formation of the graphene structure.

[0042] The impact load-time curve of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous component obtained in Example 1 is shown in the appendix of the specification. Figure 3 The image shows that the maximum impact load of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous component is 1409 N. Whether it is a single impact or a double impact, the change trend of the curve is basically the same. This is because there are a large number of "Si-O-B" bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the body. After fracture, they re-associate, enabling the self-healing of the impacted damaged area, thus having good anti-multiple impact performance.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous component is formed by thermocompression lamination of an aramid fiber layer and an SSG layer. Adjacent aramid fiber layers are bonded and fixed through the SSG layer. The surface of the aramid fiber layer is treated by laser to generate a graphene structure. When the aramid fiber layer and the SSG layer are laminated, the opposite surfaces of adjacent aramid fiber layers are both treated by laser and have graphene conduction paths designed according to requirements. The aramid fiber layer after laser treatment is denoted as the graphene-modified aramid fiber layer.

[0045] The multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous component from top to bottom is successively the first graphene-modified aramid fiber layer, the first SSG layer, the second graphene-modified aramid fiber layer, the second SSG layer, and the third graphene-modified aramid fiber layer.

[0046] The first graphene-modified aramid fiber layer, the second graphene-modified aramid fiber layer, and the third graphene-modified aramid fiber layer are all graphene-modified aramid fiber layers.

[0047] The first SSG layer and the second SSG layer are both SSG layers. The thickness of the first SSG layer is 1.2 mm, and the thickness of the second SSG layer is 1.2 mm.

[0048] The thickness of the first graphene-modified aramid fiber layer is 0.6 mm, the thickness of the second graphene-modified aramid fiber layer is 0.6 mm, the thickness of the SSG layer is 1.2 mm, and the thickness of the third graphene-modified aramid fiber layer is 0.6 mm.

[0049] The impact load-time curve of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous component obtained in Example 2 is shown in the appendix of the specification. Figure 4As shown. The maximum impact load of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part obtained in Example 2 is 1556 N, which is superior to the impact resistance of the multifunctional three-dimensional heterogeneous part obtained in Example 1.

[0050] Example 3 is the same as Example 1, except that in Example 3, the thicknesses of the first graphene-modified aramid fiber layer and the second graphene-modified aramid fiber layer are different, and the thicknesses of the first graphene-modified aramid fiber layer and the second graphene-modified aramid fiber layer are 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm respectively. The maximum impact load of the composite material obtained in Example 3 is 1662.12 N.

[0051] Comparative Example 1 is the same as Example 1, except that in Comparative Example 1, the aramid fiber layers are bonded and fixed through a PEVA layer. The preparation method of PEVA in the PEVA layer is as follows:

[0052] First, heat the Haake torque rheometer to 100 °C and adjust the rotor speed to 60 r / m. Then, add 10 g of SSG and 90 g of EVA to the torque rheometer, and add 1 g of dicumyl peroxide and blend for 20 min. After the blending is completed, take out the rubber compound, cut it into pieces, and place it in an 80 °C oven for 1 h to remove moisture to obtain PEVA. The maximum impact load of the composite material obtained in Comparative Example 1 is 1232.5 N.

[0053] Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 1, except that in Comparative Example 2, the surface of the aramid fiber layer is not treated by laser to generate a graphene structure. The maximum impact load of the composite material obtained in Comparative Example 2 is 1059 N.

[0054] Taking the above ideal embodiments based on the present invention as an inspiration, through the above description, relevant staff can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part, characterized in that: It is formed by hot pressing and compounding an aramid fiber layer and an SSG layer. Adjacent aramid fiber layers are bonded and fixed by the SSG layer. One side of the aramid fiber layer is treated with a laser to generate a graphene structure. When the aramid fiber layer and the SSG layer are compounded, the opposite surfaces of adjacent aramid fiber layers are treated with laser and have graphene conductive paths designed according to needs.

2. A multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the single aramid fiber layer is 0.5-1 mm.

3. A multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of a single SSG layer is 1-2 mm.

4. The multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SSG raw material in the SSG layer, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Add phenylboric acid to 5 mL of 10% PDMS-OH aqueous solution, then add 5 mL of anhydrous ethanol, and stir at 70°C for 10 min; (2) Afterwards, the temperature of the reaction system was raised from 180° C. to 200° C., and after the reaction system became colorless and transparent, stirring was continued until a colloidal product was generated in the reaction system. The reaction was completed, and the molar ratio of PDMS-OH to phenylboric acid was 1:

5.

5. The multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of hot pressing compounding is 100±5°C and the pressure is 3±0.5MPa.

6. The multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aramid fiber layer is also pre-treated before laser treatment, which includes the following steps: The layered aramid fiber was cut into small squares, placed in an ethanol aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 95% for ultrasonic cleaning for at least 10 minutes, then taken out and immersed in deionized water for at least 2 minutes, and then the fiber was taken out and vacuum dried for at least 30 minutes.

7. The multifunctional three-dimensional special-shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser processing parameters are: the laser wavelength is 1060±2nm, the power is 1.5±0.5W, the speed is 10±1mm / s, and the defocus is 14±2mm.

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