Bird droppings simulant with adjustable conductivity as well as preparation method and application of bird droppings simulant

Abstract

The invention provides a conductivity-adjustable bird droppings simulant as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The bird droppings simulant comprises the following raw materials: 3-7% of sodium chloride, 0.5-3% of sodium bicarbonate, 8-9% of uric acid, 11-14% of flour, 0.8-2% of xanthan gum and the balance of deionized water. The conductivity of the bird droppings simulant can be regulated and controlled, so that the conductivity can be regulated in a range of 0.6-1.2 mS / cm, the conductivity of bird droppings in different environments can be simulated more accurately, the influence of different conductivity of the bird droppings on a pollution flashover mechanism can be researched, and a scientific basis is provided for anti-pollution flashover measures of a power transmission line. The bird droppings simulant provided by the invention can maintain stable conductivity under different temperature and humidity environments, and is suitable for research on bird droppings flashover of power transmission lines under different climate conditions in Inner Mongolia areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pollution flashover of transmission lines, and particularly relates to a bird droppings mimic with adjustable conductivity, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-voltage transmission lines are exposed to the outdoors for a long time and are vulnerable to environmental pollution. Among them, bird droppings pollution caused by bird activities is an important factor leading to pollution flashover. In Inner Mongolia, transmission lines cross various complex terrains such as deserts, grasslands, gobi, and mountains. Due to the sparse population and wide distribution of bird habitats, transmission line towers and insulators become ideal places for birds to stay and build nests. When bird droppings fall on insulators, it not only affects their insulation performance but also may form a conductive channel, leading to pollution flashover accidents. In severe cases, it will cause line tripping and affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

[0003] The conductivity of bird droppings is an important parameter affecting the pollution flashover phenomenon. Generally, bird droppings contain electrolyte components such as uric acid and sodium chloride, and its conductivity will fluctuate with humidity changes. In a humid environment, bird droppings have a high water content and are prone to form a continuous conductive layer, accelerating the occurrence of pollution flashover. However, in arid areas such as Inner Mongolia, the water in bird droppings evaporates quickly, resulting in a large change in its conductivity. When it is just excreted, it may show a high conductivity, but after the water volatilizes in a short time, a solid or high-viscosity layer may form on its surface, affecting the conductive performance. But when the air humidity increases, rainfall or haze weather appears, the dry bird droppings will re-absorb water, and its conductivity will rise rapidly, resulting in a significant increase in the pollution flashover risk.

[0004] Therefore, accurately studying the flashover characteristics of bird droppings under different conductivity conditions is of great significance for evaluating the safety of transmission lines. In existing research, artificial bird droppings mimics mostly use fixed-conductivity formulations, which are difficult to cover the actual change range of bird droppings in Inner Mongolia, difficult to accurately control the conductivity, resulting in a deviation between the experimental results and the actual situation, and being unfavorable for studying the flashover characteristics of bird droppings on transmission lines. In addition, existing bird droppings mimics generally use a single sodium chloride to adjust the conductivity. Although the conductivity can be covered within a certain range by adjusting the amount of sodium chloride, there will be problems such as discontinuous conductivity change, large jump, and low adjustment accuracy. At the same time, it is sensitive to environmental changes such as temperature and humidity fluctuations and CO 2 absorption in the air, resulting in insufficient experimental stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a bird droppings mimic with adjustable conductivity, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: An adjustable conductivity guano mimic, comprising raw materials in the following mass percentages: 3%-7% sodium chloride, 0.5%-3% sodium bicarbonate, 8%-9% uric acid, 11%-14% flour, 0.8%-2% xanthan gum, and the balance being deionized water.

[0007] Further, it comprises raw materials in the following mass percentages: 3.5%-6.5% sodium chloride, 0.5%-2% sodium bicarbonate, 8.5% uric acid, 11.5%-12.5% flour, 1%-1.2% xanthan gum, and the balance being deionized water.

[0008] A preparation method of an adjustable conductivity guano mimic, the specific steps including: S1. Sequentially add sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate to a part of deionized water, stir and dissolve, then add uric acid and continue to stir to obtain solution a; S2. Heat and disperse xanthan gum in the remaining deionized water, add it to solution a and stir, then add flour and stir at high speed to obtain a mixture; S3. Let the mixture stand in a closed environment to obtain an adjustable conductivity guano mimic.

[0009] Further, in step S1, the part of deionized water is specifically 65wt%-70wt% of the formula amount of deionized water.

[0010] Further, in step S1, the stirring and dissolving speed is 300-500 rpm and the time is 3-5 min; the time for continuous stirring is 10-15 min.

[0011] Further, in step S2, the heating temperature is 50-60 °C; the stirring is carried out at 800-1200 rpm for 5-10 min.

[0012] Further, in step S2, the high-speed stirring speed is 1200-1800 rpm and the time is 15-20 min.

[0013] Further, in step S3, the standing time is 2-4 h.

[0014] Further, in step S3, the conductivity of the guano mimic is 0.6-1.2 mS / cm.

[0015] An application of an adjustable conductivity guano mimic in studying the pollution flashover mechanism of transmission lines, evaluating the insulation performance of electrical equipment or testing high-voltage test devices.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The conductivity of the guano simulant of the present invention can be regulated: Using sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate as the conductivity regulation system significantly improves the linearity and environmental adaptability of conductivity regulation; by controlling the contents of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate to adjust the ion concentration, the conductivity regulation is more precise, the conductivity changes continuously, and the conductive property changes under different water content states can be simulated, avoiding the problems of large jumps and rough regulation that occur when the content increases in the traditional single sodium chloride system; the prepared guano simulant is as close as possible to the actual guano in Inner Mongolia in terms of physical, chemical, and electrical properties, accurately studying the conductive behavior of guano on transmission lines and the air gap discharge characteristics, used to study the influence of different conductivities of guano on the pollution flashover mechanism, and providing a more reliable scientific basis for the anti-pollution flashover measures of transmission lines.

[0017] 2. The guano simulant of the present invention enhances the experimental accuracy: The conductivity adjustment range of traditional simulants is limited, and the present invention can finely control the conductivity to ensure that the experimental results are closer to the actual pollution situation of transmission lines. By controlling the ratio of sodium chloride to sodium bicarbonate, the conductivity can be continuously and finely adjusted within the range of 0.6 - 1.2 mS / cm, with a small adjustment step and excellent linear relationship, significantly superior to the traditional single sodium chloride regulation system, and more accurately simulating the conductive characteristics of guano in different environments.

[0018] 3. The guano simulant of the present invention adapts to different environments: The prepared guano simulant of the present invention can maintain a stable conductivity under different temperature and humidity environments, and is applicable to the study of guano flashover on transmission lines under different climatic conditions in Inner Mongolia; at the same time, it can buffer the conductivity changes caused by evaporation, moisture fluctuations, or CO 2 absorption, has good stability, improves the repeatability of experiments, can maintain relatively stable electrical properties for a long time in the actual exposure environment, and improves the operation safety of transmission lines in Inner Mongolia. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] To better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

[0020] The experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0021] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0022] Embodiment 1 A guano simulant with adjustable conductivity, comprising the following raw materials: 3.5 g of sodium chloride, 0.5 g of sodium bicarbonate, 8.5 g of uric acid, 12.5 g of flour, 1.0 g of xanthan gum, and 74 g of deionized water.

[0023] The preparation method of the above-mentioned bird manure mimic with adjustable conductivity specifically includes the following steps: S1. Add 3.5 g of sodium chloride and 0.5 g of sodium bicarbonate to 50 g of deionized water in sequence, stir at 400 rpm for 4 min until dissolved, then add 8.5 g of uric acid and continue to stir for 13 min to obtain solution a; S2. Heat and disperse 1.0 g of xanthan gum in 24 g of deionized water at 55 °C, add it to solution a, stir at 1000 rpm for 8 min, add 12.5 g of flour, and stir at 1500 rpm for 18 min to obtain a mixture; S3. Let the mixture stand for 3 h in a closed environment to obtain the bird manure mimic.

[0024] Example 2 A bird manure mimic with adjustable conductivity includes the following raw materials: 5.5 g of sodium chloride, 1.2 g of sodium bicarbonate, 8.5 g of uric acid, 12.0 g of flour, 1.5 g of xanthan gum, and 70.3 g of deionized water.

[0025] The preparation method of the above-mentioned bird manure mimic with adjustable conductivity specifically includes the following steps: S1. Add 5.5 g of sodium chloride and 1.2 g of sodium bicarbonate to 50 g of deionized water in sequence, stir at 300 rpm for 3 min until dissolved, then add 8.5 g of uric acid and continue to stir for 10 min to obtain solution a; S2. Heat and disperse 1.5 g of xanthan gum in 20.3 g of deionized water at 50 °C, add it to solution a, stir at 800 rpm for 5 min, add 12.0 g of flour, and stir at 1200 rpm for 15 min to obtain a mixture; S3. Let the mixture stand for 2 h in a closed environment to obtain the bird manure mimic.

[0026] Example 3 A bird manure mimic with adjustable conductivity includes the following raw materials: 6.5 g of sodium chloride, 2.0 g of sodium bicarbonate, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.5 g of flour, 1.2 g of xanthan gum, and 70.3 g of deionized water.

[0027] The preparation method of the above-mentioned bird manure mimic with adjustable conductivity specifically includes the following steps: S1. Add 6.5 g of sodium chloride and 2.0 g of sodium bicarbonate to 50 g of deionized water in sequence, stir at 500 rpm for 5 min until dissolved, then add 8.5 g of uric acid and continue to stir for 15 min to obtain solution a; S2. Heat and disperse 1.2 g of xanthan gum in 20.3 g of deionized water at 60 °C, add it to solution a, stir at 1200 rpm for 10 min, add 11.5 g of flour, and stir at 1800 rpm for 20 min to obtain a mixture; S3. Leave the mixture to stand for 4 h in a closed environment to obtain the guano mimic.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 The guano mimic of this comparative example comprises the following raw materials: 3.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 12.5 g of flour, 1.0 g of xanthan gum, and 74.5 g of deionized water.

[0029] The preparation method of the adjustable conductivity guano mimic specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Add 3.5 g of sodium chloride to 50 g of deionized water, stir at 400 rpm for 4 min until dissolved, then add 8.5 g of uric acid and continue stirring for 13 min to obtain solution a; S2. Heat and disperse 1.0 g of xanthan gum in 24 g of deionized water at 55 °C, add it to solution a, stir at 1000 rpm for 8 min, add 12.5 g of flour, and stir at 1500 rpm for 18 min to obtain a mixture; S3. Leave the mixture to stand for 3 h in a closed environment to obtain the guano mimic.

[0030] Comparative Example 2 The guano mimic of this comparative example comprises the following raw materials: 5.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 12.0 g of flour, 1.5 g of xanthan gum, and 71.5 g of deionized water.

[0031] The preparation method of the adjustable conductivity guano mimic specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Add 5.5 g of sodium chloride to 50 g of deionized water, stir at 400 rpm for 4 min until dissolved, then add 8.5 g of uric acid and continue stirring for 13 min to obtain solution a; S2. Heat and disperse 1.5 g of xanthan gum in 21.5 g of deionized water at 55 °C, add it to solution a, stir at 1000 rpm for 8 min, add 12.0 g of flour, and stir at 1500 rpm for 18 min to obtain a mixture; S3. Leave the mixture to stand for 3 h in a closed environment to obtain the guano mimic.

[0032] Comparative Example 3 The guano mimic of this comparative example comprises the following raw materials: 6.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 12.0 g of flour, 1.2 g of xanthan gum, and 71.8 g of deionized water.

[0033] The preparation method of the adjustable conductivity guano mimic specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Add 6.5 g of sodium chloride to 50 g of deionized water, stir at 400 rpm for 4 min until dissolved, then add 8.5 g of uric acid and continue stirring for 13 min to obtain solution a; S2. Disperse 1.2 g of xanthan gum in 21.8 g of deionized water by heating at 55 °C, add it to solution a, stir at 1000 rpm for 8 min, add 12.0 g of flour, and stir at 1500 rpm for 18 min to obtain a mixed solution; S3. Let the mixed solution stand for 3 h in a closed environment to obtain the guano mimetic.

[0034] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the raw material dosages are different, and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0035] That is, the guano mimetic of this comparative example includes the following raw materials: 2 g of sodium chloride, 4 g of sodium bicarbonate, 8.5 g of uric acid, 12.5 g of flour, 1.0 g of xanthan gum, and 72 g of deionized water.

[0036] The preparation method of the adjustable conductivity guano mimetic described above specifically includes the following steps: S1. Add 2 g of sodium chloride and 4 g of sodium bicarbonate to 50 g of deionized water in sequence, stir at 400 rpm for 4 min until dissolved, then add 8.5 g of uric acid, and continue to stir for 13 min to obtain solution a; S2. Disperse 1.0 g of xanthan gum in 22 g of deionized water by heating at 55 °C, add it to solution a, stir at 1000 rpm for 8 min, add 12.5 g of flour, and stir at 1500 rpm for 18 min to obtain a mixed solution; S3. Let the mixed solution stand for 3 h in a closed environment to obtain the guano mimetic.

[0037] Test Example 1 Perform relevant performance tests on the guano mimetics prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4; Test indicators: 1. Conductivity of the guano mimetic: Use a DDS-11A digital conductivity meter to detect the conductivity of the guano mimetic solution; 2. Viscosity of the guano mimetic: Use an NDJ-1 rotational viscometer to test the dynamic viscosity. The conversion relationship between the dynamic viscosity and the kinematic viscosity is η = ν×ρ, where η is the dynamic viscosity of the sample (mPa•s), and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the sample (mm 2 / s); The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1

[0039] As can be seen from Table 1, the conductivity of the guano mimics prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention can be adjusted within the range of 0.6-1.2 mS / cm, which can accurately simulate the conductive characteristics of guano under different environments. This can be used to study the influence of different conductivities of guano on the mechanism of pollution flashover and provide a scientific basis for anti-pollution flashover measures for transmission lines.

[0040] Test Example 2 Add 0.1 g of sodium chloride to the guano mimics of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 respectively, stir evenly, and test the conductivity of each sample. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2

[0042] As can be seen from Table 2, after adding 0.1 g of sodium chloride, the change range of the conductivity of the guano mimics prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention is controlled within 0.01 mS / cm. Among them, the conductivity of Example 3 has no change, indicating that the guano mimics obtained by compounding the raw material formula of the present invention can significantly improve the fineness and stability of conductivity adjustment; the change range of the conductivity of the guano mimics of Comparative Examples 1-3 increases by 0.02-0.03 mS / cm after adding 0.1 g of sodium chloride. Compared with the guano mimics of Comparative Examples 1-3 that only use a single sodium chloride regulation system, the examples of the present invention can avoid the problems of jumping and rough control of conductivity adjustment and can achieve precise regulation of the electrical properties of guano mimics. The raw material dosage of Comparative Example 4 is different, and the change range of the conductivity of the prepared guano mimic after adding 0.1 g of sodium chloride also increases significantly, by 0.05 mS / cm.

[0043] Test Example 3 Expose the guano mimics of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 in an open environment at a temperature of 20°C - 40°C and a humidity of 40% - 90% for 4 h, and respectively test the change amount of conductivity. The calculation formula for the change amount of conductivity: change amount of conductivity = conductivity after 4 h of exposure - initial conductivity.

[0044] The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0045] Table 3

[0046] As can be seen from Table 3, the guano mimics prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention can maintain a stable conductivity in environments with different temperatures and different humidities, showing excellent environmental adaptability and conductivity stability, and are suitable for the study of bird droppings flashover of transmission lines under different climatic conditions in Inner Mongolia. For Comparative Examples 1-3 using a single sodium chloride system, the conductivity shows an obvious increase and large fluctuations.

[0047] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A guano simulant with adjustable conductivity, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 3%-7% sodium chloride, 0.5%-3% sodium bicarbonate, 8%-9% uric acid, 11%-14% flour, 0.8%-2% xanthan gum, and the balance deionized water.

2. The guano simulant with adjustable conductivity as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 3.5%-6.5% sodium chloride, 0.5%-2% sodium bicarbonate, 8.5% uric acid, 11.5%-12.5% ​​flour, 1%-1.2% xanthan gum, and the balance deionized water.

3. The method for preparing a guano simulant with adjustable conductivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Add sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate to part of deionized water in sequence, stir to dissolve, then add uric acid, continue stirring to obtain solution a; S2, heat and disperse the xanthan gum in the remaining deionized water, add it to solution a and stir, add flour, stir at high speed to obtain a mixed solution; S3. Allow the mixed solution to stand in a closed environment to obtain a guano simulant with adjustable conductivity.

4. The method for preparing a guano simulant with adjustable conductivity according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the portion of deionized water is specifically 65wt%-70wt% of the deionized water formula.

5. The method for preparing a guano simulant with adjustable conductivity as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the stirring and dissolving is performed at a speed of 300-500 rpm for 3-5 min; and the stirring is continued for 10-15 min.

6. The method for preparing a guano simulant with adjustable conductivity according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the heating temperature is 50-60°C; the stirring is at 800-1200 rpm for 5-10 min.

7. The method for preparing a guano simulant with adjustable conductivity according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the rotation speed of the high-speed stirring is 1200-1800 rpm, and the time is 15-20 min.

8. The method for preparing a guano simulant with adjustable conductivity as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the standing time is 2-4 hours.

9. The method for preparing a guano simulant with adjustable conductivity as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the conductivity of the guano simulant is 0.6-1.2 mS / cm.

10. Use of the guano simulant with adjustable conductivity as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2 in studying the mechanism of pollution flashover of power transmission lines, evaluating the insulation performance of electrical equipment or testing high-voltage test equipment.

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