A self-assembly system of variable-parameter water models for river basins in the context of intelligent water conservancy

Abstract

The present invention discloses a watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy. The present invention relates to the field of smart water conservancy technology, and solves the problem that the existing watershed water model construction technology has limitations in automation, intelligence and adaptability. The system of the present invention includes five subsystems: abstract instances of water-related elements, element hierarchical identification, element topological organization, variable parameter model construction and model self-assembly. The system adopts the technical route of element classification, element stratification, topological organization, modeling variable parameters, automatic assembly, and overall calculation, and realizes the hierarchical topological automated intelligent processing of water-related elements in the watershed and the construction and automatic assembly of water conservancy professional models. The present invention can support the numerical simulation of water flow under the scheduling of water conservancy projects in the watershed, provide technical support for smart water conservancy forecasts, early warnings, rehearsals, and plans, and can improve the efficiency of watershed water model construction and the level of automation and standardization of the construction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of smart water conservancy technology, and in particular to a watershed variable-parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy. Background Art

[0002] As an important direction of modern water conservancy projects, smart water conservancy aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of flood and drought prevention and water resources management through the integration of information technology and intelligent technology. The basin water model is one of the core technologies in smart water conservancy. Its main functions include supporting flood forecasting, risk warning, water project scheduling rehearsal, and scheduling plan formulation, etc. However, the current basin water model construction technology still has many shortcomings, and innovation breakthroughs are urgently needed to meet industry needs.

[0003] The construction of a watershed water model requires comprehensive consideration of a variety of water-related elements, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, flood storage areas, shoals, sluices, dams, pumping stations, etc., as well as the topological relationship and hydraulic connection between these elements. Especially under the influence of water engineering scheduling, the evolution of water flow in the basin is highly dynamic and complex, which puts higher demands on the flexibility and adaptability of the model. Traditional methods mostly rely on manual experience for model design and parameter adjustment, which is time-consuming, inefficient, and difficult to quickly respond to changes in water-related elements in the basin or simulation requirements of complex scenarios. Therefore, the industry urgently needs an automated and intelligent technical solution that can realize the rapid identification, classification and model self-assembly of water-related elements in the basin to improve construction efficiency and simulation accuracy.

[0004] The existing technologies in the field of basin water model construction mainly include the following categories:

[0005] GIS-based hydrological model: Geographic Information System (GIS) is widely used for digital management and visualization of watershed hydrological elements, supporting the analysis of hydrological data. However, this type of model is more adept at processing static data and has limited ability to simulate dynamic water flow changes caused by water project scheduling.

[0006] Modular hydrodynamic models: Commercial software such as MIKE and HEC-RAS provide a wealth of modeling tools that can simulate one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and even three-dimensional water flow. These tools are powerful in function, but require users to manually configure model parameters and topological relationships, have a low degree of automation, and require a high level of professional knowledge from the operator.

[0007] Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Hydrological Forecasting: In recent years, machine learning and deep learning technologies have been introduced into the field of hydrological forecasting. Models are trained with historical data to improve forecasting accuracy. However, these methods are highly dependent on historical data, difficult to adapt to the structural changes of water-related elements in the basin, and still require human participation in the model construction stage.

[0008] Although the above technologies have promoted the development of basin water models to a certain extent, there are still the following significant problems:

[0009] Low degree of automation: In the process of identifying, classifying, and topologically organizing water-related elements, existing technologies highly rely on manual operations, resulting in low efficiency and prone to human errors.

[0010] Lack of adaptability: Facing different basin characteristics or water project operation scenarios, existing models are difficult to quickly adjust and reconstruct, restricting their flexibility in diverse practical applications.

[0011] Poor model integration: Different types of water-related elements in the basin, such as flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, engineering nodes, etc., often require different modeling methods. Existing technologies are difficult to achieve the automatic assembly and collaborative calculation of these models, resulting in fragmented simulation results.

[0012] In summary, the current basin water model construction technology has obvious shortcomings in terms of automation, intelligence, and adaptability, and is difficult to meet the requirements of smart water conservancy for efficient and accurate flood and drought disaster prevention and water resource management. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an innovative technology that can automatically process water-related elements and achieve model self-assembly to overcome the limitations of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-assembly system for a variable-parameter water model of a basin for smart water conservancy to solve the problem of the limitations of existing basin water model construction technology in terms of automation, intelligence, and adaptability.

[0014] The present invention provides a self-assembly system for a variable-parameter water model of a basin for smart water conservancy, including:

[0015] An abstract instance subsystem for water-related elements, which is used to abstract water-related elements in the basin into spatial elements and node elements according to the spatial dimension; among them, the spatial elements are further subdivided into flood passage space and flood storage and detention space according to the influence mode on water flow movement, and the node elements are further subdivided into boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes, and description nodes according to the existence form and hydrological significance;

[0016] The element hierarchical identification subsystem is used to assign five - layer hierarchical identifications according to the influence relationship and direction of the water - related elements in the basin, supporting the simulation process division and pre - data preparation of the basin water project scheduling and water flow evolution; for the five - layer hierarchical identifications, the water - related elements with smaller layer numbers are the overall pre - hierarchical levels of the water - related elements with larger layer numbers, and the elements with larger layer numbers do not have hydraulic influence on the elements with smaller layer numbers. The first layer to the fifth layer are boundary nodes, engineering nodes, flood - passage space and topological nodes, flood - storage and detention space, and description nodes in sequence; for the third - layer flood - passage space and topological nodes, the topological nodes therein are used to connect different flood - passage space elements and provide water - level and flow - rate boundary information.

[0017] The element topology organization subsystem is used to carry out topological analysis according to the mutual connection relationship and connection direction of the water - related elements in the basin, and obtain the topological connection order organization information of the water - related elements to guide the simulation calculation order of the water - related elements in the basin.

[0018] The variable - parameter model construction subsystem is used to construct variable - parameter water - flow simulation models for the flood - passage space, flood - storage and detention space, and engineering nodes in the water - related elements of the basin to achieve refined simulation, and serve as the underlying simulation calculator to support the numerical simulation of water flow under the influence of basin water project scheduling.

[0019] The model self - assembly subsystem is used to carry out element - level initialization, automatic assembly of element variable - parameter models and overall calculation on the basis of obtaining the basin water - flow deduction scenario data, supporting the preview and pre - plan of the four anticipations of intelligent water conservancy.

[0020] Furthermore, for the flood - passage space elements of the water - related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem, the internal water body movement is described by the free - water - body movement control equation, and the covered water - related elements include rivers, river networks, lakes, and reservoirs; the free - water - body movement control equation includes the Saint - Venant equation, shallow - water equation, and Navier - Stokes equation.

[0021] Furthermore, for the flood - storage and detention space elements of the water - related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem, the internal water body storage, discharge and evolution process is jointly described by combining the free - water - body movement control equation and hydraulic experience formulas, and the covered water - related elements include flood - storage and detention areas, and beach and polder areas; the free - water - body movement control equation includes the Saint - Venant equation, shallow - water equation, and Navier - Stokes equation; the hydraulic experience formulas include the weir - flow formula and orifice - flow formula.

[0022] Furthermore, the boundary - node elements of the water - related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem refer to non - engineering nodes that have a dominant or influencing effect on water - flow movement, and the covered water - related elements include upstream - inflow nodes, tributary - inflow nodes, inter - area - inflow nodes, water - intake pump stations, drainage pump stations, downstream water - level nodes, and downstream water - level and flow - rate relationship nodes.

[0023] The engineering node elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem refer to the engineering nodes that dominate or influence the water flow movement. The wading elements covered include dams, sluice gates, flood storage and detention area gates, and gates of sandbars and flood dikes for civilians.

[0024] The topological node elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem refer to the topological nodes used to connect spatial elements. The wading elements covered include river bifurcations and confluences of rivers and lakes.

[0025] The description node elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem refer to the nodes used to reflect the changes in water flow hydraulic information. The wading elements covered include river and lake hydrological stations and flood control cross-sections.

[0026] Furthermore, the element level identification subsystem conducts basin water project scheduling and numerical simulation of water flow evolution in the following order according to the level sequence:

[0027] Level 1 - Boundary nodes, which are used to specify the boundary conditions of boundary nodes within the basin, including the water inflow process of upstream water inflow nodes, the water inflow process of tributary water inflow nodes, the water inflow process of in - between water inflow nodes, the water intake process of water intake pump stations, the water intake process of drainage pump stations, the water level process of downstream water level nodes, and the water level - discharge relationship of downstream water level - discharge relationship nodes.

[0028] Level 2 - Engineering nodes, which are used to specify the scheduling methods of engineering nodes that affect the water flow movement in the basin, including the dam scheduling method, the sluice gate scheduling method, the opening time of gates in flood storage and detention areas and sandbars and flood dikes for civilians, and the flood diversion flow rate.

[0029] Level 3 - Flood conveyance spaces and topological nodes, which are used to conduct numerical simulation of water flow within each flood conveyance space element and topological nodes.

[0030] Level 4 - Flood storage and detention spaces, which are used to conduct numerical simulation calculations of water flow within each flood storage and detention space element.

[0031] Level 5 - Description nodes, which are used to obtain the hydraulic information of main description nodes in the basin after the numerical simulation of basin water flow is completed, including the water level, discharge, and flow velocity of hydrological stations and flood control cross - sections.

[0032] Further, the element topological organization subsystem is used to obtain all upstream and downstream water-related elements of any element based on topological analysis; for key description nodes, extract the list of all upstream nodes, and locate and determine the nearest downstream boundary node among its own location and all downstream water-related elements; limit the basin water flow calculation domain to the nearest downstream boundary node and all its upstream water-related elements; for all water-related elements within the calculation domain, conduct topological analysis to obtain the connection order organization information of water-related nodes from upstream to downstream, and distinguish and process the cases of single connected paths and multiple connected paths during the analysis process; the connection order organization information includes the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information; the connected element organization information includes the connection method, connection direction, and connected coordinate position between elements.

[0033] Further, the variable parameter model construction subsystem is used to construct one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional hydrodynamic models according to the geometric characteristics and simulation requirements of the flood passage space, construct two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for the flood storage and detention space, and reflect the blocking effect of water-blocking buildings inside the flood storage and detention space by combining with hydraulic empirical formulas, and use hydraulic empirical formulas to simulate the submerged outflow and free outflow of weir flow or orifice flow for engineering nodes;

[0034] When constructing the model, the variable parameter model construction subsystem marks the organization information of the currently concerned elements and other elements with hydraulic connections, which is used to guide the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation model of basin water-related elements; the model organization information of water-related elements includes the hydraulic information exchange unit or section between models and the geometric parameters of the connected section;

[0035] When constructing the model, the variable parameter model construction subsystem initializes the curve cluster of the relationship between the variable parameter roughness coefficient and water level according to the riverbed geological conditions, the development characteristics of sandbars and shoals, and the vegetation coverage characteristics of the flood passage space, and initializes the grid of the spatial distribution of the variable parameter roughness coefficient according to the land use, building distribution, geological conditions, and beach and trough distribution of the flood storage and detention space, and further conducts the calibration of the roughness coefficient on the basis of collecting the engineering operation and hydrological data of representative years.

[0036] Further, the model self-assembly subsystem is used to obtain the attribute data of water-related elements in the basin water flow deduction scenario, and based on the water-related element abstraction instance subsystem, abstractly classify water-related elements into flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes, or description nodes;

[0037] Based on the element level identification subsystem described above, assign first-level, second-level, up to fifth-level identifications to water-related elements;

[0038] Obtain the topological organization information of the water-related elements in the deduction scenario, identify the flood control hydrological stations or flood control sections in the deduction scenario as key description nodes, and based on the element topological organization subsystem, obtain the connection order organization information of each connected path of the water-related elements in the calculation domain from upstream to downstream, including the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information;

[0039] For the flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, and engineering nodes among the water-related elements in the calculation domain, construct a variable-parameter water flow simulation model based on the variable-parameter model construction subsystem, or retrieve the calibrated model already constructed in the water flow deduction scenario;

[0040] Obtain the calculation boundary conditions of the deduction scenario and initialize the boundary conditions of the level-one boundary nodes in the calculation domain;

[0041] Obtain the engineering scheduling method of the deduction scenario and initialize the scheduling method of the level-two engineering nodes in the calculation domain;

[0042] According to the connection order organization information of each connected path in the calculation domain, and the organization information marked during the construction of the water flow models of the level-three flood passage space, topological nodes, and level-four flood storage and detention space, carry out the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation models of each element in the calculation domain;

[0043] Carry out the overall water flow numerical simulation of the calculation domain to obtain the water level, flow rate, and flow velocity information of the level-five description nodes in the calculation domain as the calculation output of the water flow deduction scenario.

[0044] Furthermore, the water flow simulation models of each water-related element in the calculation domain remain relatively independent after automatic assembly. Through the connected element organization information and the water-related element model organization information, the assembly of the water flow simulation models of any two connected elements is carried out. The hydraulic information state quantities at the connected coordinate positions of the two assembled models are exchanged in real time during the calculation process, thereby realizing the transmission of key information during the calculation process.

[0045] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: A self-assembly system for a variable-parameter watershed water model for intelligent water conservancy according to the present invention solves problems such as low efficiency of manual modeling, poor parameter adaptability, and complex coupling of multiple elements in traditional watershed water models through a hierarchical, parameterized, and automated model construction and assembly method, realizing full-process intelligent processing from element abstraction to simulation output, and providing efficient and accurate technical support for watershed water project scheduling simulation and the four anticipations of intelligent water conservancy. This system has a high degree of automation. Through automated processing of element abstraction, hierarchical identification, and topological organization, manual intervention is greatly reduced, and the model construction efficiency is improved. It has strong adaptability and supports flexible combinations of various hydrodynamic models and empirical formulas to meet the requirements of different watersheds and scheduling scenarios. The model has strong integration, realizes automatic assembly and collaborative calculation of each element model, ensures real-time exchange of hydraulic information at the connected positions of connected elements, and the overall simulation accuracy. The parameter calibration is scientific. The variable-parameter roughness coefficient is initialized based on the actual situation of the simulation object, and the roughness coefficient calibration is further carried out in combination with measured data to ensure the reliability and practicality of the simulation results. It supports the four anticipations of intelligent water conservancy and provides efficient and accurate support for flood forecasting, risk warning, scheduling rehearsal, and scheduling plan formulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a self-assembly system for a variable-parameter watershed water model for intelligent water conservancy according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow diagram of an element topological organization subsystem according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow diagram of a model self-assembly subsystem according to the present invention. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. The technical solutions provided by each embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, the present invention designs a self-assembly system for a variable-parameter water model in a river basin for intelligent water conservancy, and realizes the goal through a technical route of element classification, element stratification, topological organization, modeling variable parameters, automatic assembly, and overall calculation. The functions of each subsystem are described in detail below and are illustrated with embodiments.

[0052] 1. Abstraction and instantiation of water-related elements

[0053] The subsystem for abstracting and instantiating water-related elements abstracts them into two major categories, namely spatial elements and node elements, according to the spatial dimensions and hydrological characteristics of water-related elements in the river basin, and further subdivides them:

[0054] (1) Spatial elements: Divided according to the way of influencing the water flow movement, including flood passage space and flood storage and detention space:

[0055] (1.1) Flood passage space: The internal water movement is described by the control equation of free water body movement, and the water-related elements covered include rivers, river networks, lakes, and reservoirs; among them, the control equation of free water body movement includes the Saint-Venant equation, corresponding to the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the shallow water equation, corresponding to the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the Navier-Stokes equation, corresponding to the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model).

[0056] Illustrative example:

[0057] Typical application scope of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the flood passage space: The Saint-Venant equations are used for rivers and river networks, which are suitable for simulating the longitudinal water flow evolution.

[0058] Typical application scope of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the flood passage space: The shallow water equation is used for river network branches, lakes, and runoff reservoirs, considering the water blocking effect of sandbars and new beaches with vegetation.

[0059] Typical application scope of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the flood passage space: The Navier-Stokes equation is used for deep density currents in reservoirs and the saltwater-freshwater mixing area at the estuary, combined with a turbulence model to simulate complex flow fields.

[0060] (1.2) Flood storage and detention space: For discontinuous storage and discharge areas affected by terrain, buildings, etc., such as flood storage and detention areas, sandbar and residential embankments, etc., the internal water storage, discharge, and evolution process is jointly described by combining the control equation of free water body movement and hydraulic empirical formulas. The water-related elements covered include flood storage and detention areas, sandbar and residential embankments: The control equation of free water body movement includes the Saint-Venant equation, the shallow water equation, and the Navier-Stokes equation. The hydraulic empirical formulas include the weir flow formula and the orifice flow formula.

[0061] The two-dimensional shallow water equation is used for the main water flow simulation, and the grid resolution is adjusted according to the area of the flood storage and detention area, sandbar and residential embankment and the actual situation inside.

[0062] The hydraulic empirical formula is adopted for the flood diversion calculation of flood storage and detention spaces and the flow calculation of internal water-blocking buildings, so as to achieve a refined description of the flood storage and release process in flood storage and detention spaces.

[0063] (2) Node elements: Based on the existence form and hydrological significance, it includes:

[0064] (2.1) Boundary nodes: Non-engineering nodes that dominate or influence the water flow movement, and the involved water-related elements include upstream inflow nodes, tributary inflow nodes, inter-basin inflow nodes, water intake pump stations, drainage pump stations, downstream water level nodes, and downstream water level-discharge relationship nodes.

[0065] (2.2) Engineering nodes: Engineering nodes that dominate or influence the water flow movement, and the involved water-related elements include dams, sluices, flood storage and detention area gates, and beach and polder gates.

[0066] (2.3) Topological nodes: Topological nodes used to connect spatial elements, and the involved water-related elements include river bifurcations and river-lake confluences, which can transmit the water level and discharge data of the connected spatial elements in real time.

[0067] (2.4) Description nodes: Nodes that reflect the changes in water flow hydraulic information, and the involved water-related elements include river and lake hydrological stations and flood control control sections, which serve as the key positions for the verification and output of simulation results.

[0068] 2. Element-level identification and simulation process division

[0069] The element-level identification subsystem assigns five-level identification based on the influence relationship and direction of basin water-related elements, supports the simulation process division and pre-data preparation of basin water project scheduling and water flow evolution, and constructs a simulation logic of "bottom-layer precondition - high-layer dependence": For the five-level identification, the water-related elements with a smaller level number are the overall precondition levels of the water-related elements with a larger level number, and the elements with a larger level number do not have hydraulic influence on the elements with a smaller level number. The first level to the fifth level are boundary nodes, engineering nodes, flood passage spaces and topological nodes, flood storage and detention spaces, and description nodes respectively.

[0070] (1) The first level: Boundary nodes

[0071] Used to specify the boundary conditions of boundary nodes within the basin, including the inflow process of upstream inflow nodes, the inflow process of tributary inflow nodes, the inflow process of inter-basin inflow nodes, the water intake process of water intake pump stations, the water intake process of drainage pump stations, the water level process of downstream water level nodes, and the water level-discharge relationship of downstream water level-discharge relationship nodes.

[0072] (2) The second level: Engineering nodes

[0073] Specify the scheduling methods of engineering nodes that affect the water flow movement in the basin, including dam scheduling methods, sluice scheduling methods, the opening time of gates in flood detention areas and floodplains inhabited by local people, and the flood diversion discharge; clarify the interference effect of engineering scheduling methods on water flow. For example, the dam adopts the water level-discharge control rule, and the opening condition of the flood detention area gate is that the river water level exceeds the warning level and continues to rise; when there are no engineering nodes in the natural basin, it is default that all engineering facilities are in the natural flow-through state.

[0074] (3)The third level: flood passage space and topological nodes

[0075] It is used to carry out the numerical simulation of water flow inside each flood passage space element and topological nodes; the flood passage space model constructs a suitable hydrodynamic model according to the river channel morphology and simulation requirements. The topological nodes are used to connect different flood passage space elements and provide water level and flow boundary information.

[0076] (4)The fourth level: flood detention space

[0077] It is used to carry out the numerical simulation calculation of water flow inside each flood detention space element; based on land use data, the flood detention area is divided into different roughness regions, and corresponding roughness values are assigned to cultivated land, forest land, towns, and water areas respectively. Through variable-parameter roughness rasterization processing, refined simulation is realized, and the local roughness is corrected in combination with the characteristics of water-blocking buildings.

[0078] (5)The fifth level: description nodes

[0079] After the numerical simulation of the basin water flow is completed, obtain the hydraulic information of the main description nodes in the basin, including the water level, flow rate, and velocity of hydrological stations and flood control cross-sections; support automatic comparison with measured data, and be used to generate flood warning information and inundation risk maps.

[0080] 3. Element topological organization and computational domain limitation

[0081] The element topological organization subsystem conducts topological analysis based on the interconnection relationship and connectivity direction of basin water-related elements, and obtains the topological connection order organization information of water-related elements, which is used to guide the simulation calculation order of basin water-related elements. The specific steps are as follows:

[0082] Identification of upstream and downstream elements: Based on topological analysis, obtain all upstream and downstream water-related elements of any element; based on the vector topological relationship of elements, use the topological analysis algorithm to traverse the upstream and downstream elements of each node to clarify the water flow connection relationship.

[0083] Key description node positioning: For key description nodes, extract the list of all upstream nodes, and locate the nearest downstream boundary node in its own position and all downstream water-related elements; for example, set the flood control cross-section as the key description node, extract the list of all its upstream nodes, and use the topological analysis algorithm to locate the nearest downstream boundary node in the downstream elements, such as the downstream water level node and the downstream water level-discharge relationship node.

[0084] Computational domain limitation:

[0085] Limit the simulation range to the nearest downstream boundary node and all its upstream water-related elements, exclude the downstream area without hydraulic influence, reduce redundant calculations, and significantly improve the computational efficiency.

[0086] Connection order organization information: For a single connected path, arrange the water-related elements in order from upstream to downstream to obtain the connection order organization information; for multiple connected paths, perform synchronous processing on multiple connected paths, and for each connected path, arrange the water-related elements in order from upstream to downstream to obtain the connection order organization information respectively; among them, the connection order organization information includes the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information; the connected element organization information includes the connection method, connection direction, and connected coordinate position between elements.

[0087] 4. Variable parameter model construction and roughness calibration

[0088] The variable parameter model construction subsystem constructs a variable parameter water flow simulation model for the flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, and engineering nodes in the basin's water-related elements to achieve refined simulation, and serves as the underlying simulation calculator to support the numerical simulation of water flow under the influence of basin water project scheduling:

[0089] (1) Flood passage space model

[0090] Construct a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the geometric characteristics and simulation requirements of the flood passage space;

[0091] (2) Flood storage and detention space model

[0092] Construct a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the flood storage and detention space, and combine the hydraulic experience formula to reflect the blocking effect of the water-blocking buildings inside the flood storage and detention space, such as internal sub-dams, water-blocking roads, and bridges, on the water flow;

[0093] (3) Engineering node model

[0094] Use the hydraulic experience formula to simulate the submerged outflow and free outflow of weir flow or orifice flow for engineering nodes, and can simulate the flow characteristics such as dam flood discharge and sluice gate scheduling, and calculate the flow capacity in combination with engineering design parameters and scheduling methods. Engineering design parameters include gate size and weir crest elevation. Scheduling methods include gate opening and upstream and downstream water levels.

[0095] (4)Model organization information

[0096] When building the model, organize the information of the currently concerned elements and other elements with hydraulic connections, which is used to guide the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation model for the elements related to water in the basin. The model organization information of the elements related to water includes the hydraulic information exchange unit or section between models and the geometric parameters of the connected sections;

[0097] (5)Initialization of variable parameter roughness of the model

[0098] When building the model, according to the riverbed geological conditions, the development characteristics of sandbars and shoals, and the vegetation coverage characteristics of the flood passage space, initialize the curve cluster of the relationship between the variable parameter roughness of the model and the water level. According to the land use, building distribution, geological conditions, and beach and trough distribution of the flood storage and detention space, initialize the raster of the spatial distribution of the variable parameter roughness of the model

[0099] (6)Calibration of model roughness

[0100] Collect the engineering operation and hydrological data of the target basin in representative years for many years, and iteratively adjust the roughness parameters through an optimization algorithm or manually adjust the roughness parameters to make the simulation results match the measured data.

[0101] 5. Model self-assembly and simulation process

[0102] The model self-assembly subsystem, on the basis of obtaining the data of the basin water flow deduction scenario, conducts element-level initialization, automatic assembly of element variable parameter models and overall calculation, and supports the preview and pre-plan of the four anticipations of intelligent water conservancy. Based on the deduction scenario data, the model automatic assembly and calculation are realized through the following step process.

[0103] (1)Obtain the attribute data of the elements related to water in the basin water flow deduction scenario. Based on the abstract instance subsystem of the elements related to water, abstractly classify the elements related to water into flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes or description nodes;

[0104] (2)Based on the element-level identification subsystem described above, assign the first-level, second-level until fifth-level identifications to the elements related to water;

[0105] (3)Obtain the topological organization information of the elements related to water in the deduction scenario, identify the flood control hydrological station or flood control section in the deduction scenario as the key description node, and based on the element topological organization subsystem, obtain the connection order organization information of each connected path of the elements related to water in the calculation domain from upstream to downstream, including the connection order between elements and the organization information of the connected elements;

[0106] (4)For the flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, and engineering nodes among the water-related elements within the computational domain, a variable-parameter water flow simulation model is constructed based on the subsystem constructed with the variable-parameter model, or a calibrated model already constructed in the water flow deduction scenario is retrieved.

[0107] (5)Obtain the boundary conditions for the calculation of the deduction scenario, and initialize the boundary conditions of the boundary nodes at the first level within the computational domain.

[0108] (6)Obtain the engineering operation mode of the deduction scenario, and initialize the operation mode of the engineering nodes at the second level within the computational domain.

[0109] (7)Organize information according to the connection order of each connected path within the computational domain, and the organizational information marked during the construction of the water flow models of the flood passage space at the third level, topological nodes, and the flood storage and detention space at the fourth level, and carry out the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation models of each element within the computational domain.

[0110] (8)Carry out the overall numerical simulation of the water flow within the computational domain, and obtain the water level, flow rate, and flow velocity information of the description nodes at the fifth level within the computational domain as the calculation output of the water flow deduction scenario.

[0111] 6. Model Independence and Information Interaction Mechanism

[0112] After the automatic assembly, the water flow simulation models of each water-related element within the computational domain remain relatively independent. The assembly of the water flow simulation models of any two connected elements is carried out through the organizational information of the connected elements and the organizational information of the water-related element models:

[0113] For the connected water-related element water flow simulation models, the hydraulic information state variables at the connected coordinate positions are exchanged in real time during the calculation process, so as to realize the transmission of key information in the calculation process and ensure the water volume balance and energy conservation at the connection.

[0114] Adopt a loose coupling architecture to support the hybrid assembly of water flow simulation models of different dimensions and scales, and realize the information conversion between different grids through data interpolation algorithms to improve the simulation efficiency and accuracy.

[0115] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific cases.

[0116] I. Water Flow Deduction Scenario

[0117] In this embodiment, the set water flow deduction scenario is the Jingjiang - Dongting Lake area in China. Among them, the river channels consider the Yangtze River, the four rivers in Dongting Lake, and the three - river systems of the three outlets. The lakes include Dongting Lake, the flood storage and detention areas include the Jingjiang Flood Diversion Area and the areas near Chenglingji) and the Zhoupaiwan beach and civilian polders. Among them, the Yangtze River selects the area from Yichang in the upper reaches to Hankou in the lower reaches, and the areas near Chenglingji are divided into Qianlianghu, Gongshuangcha, Datonghu East, and Honghu East.

[0118] The boundary nodes of the water flow deduction scenario are selected as follows:

[0119] Main stream section of the Yangtze River: The upper boundary node is Yichang, and the lower boundary node is Hankou. The water level - discharge relationship of Hankou Hydrological Station is taken as the lower boundary, and the water inflows from major tributaries such as the Qingjiang River, Lushui River, Hanjiang River, Zhangju River, and Miluo River are considered.

[0120] Dongting Lake area: The monitoring sections near Dongting Lake of the four rivers are taken as boundary nodes: For the Xiangjiang River, the boundary node is Xiangtan; for the Zishui River, the Taojiang boundary node is taken; for the Yuanshui River, the Taoyuan boundary node is used; for the Lishui River, the Shimen boundary node is adopted.

[0121] II. Implementation of the subsystem for abstracting and actualizing water - related elements

[0122] According to the spatial dimension and hydrological characteristics of the water - related elements in the basin, the water - related elements in the Jingjiang - Dongting Lake area are abstracted into spatial elements and node elements. The abstract classification of the water - related elements in the Jingjiang - Dongting Lake area is shown in the following table:

[0123] Table 1. Details of the abstract classification of water - related elements in the Jingjiang - Dongting Lake area

[0124]

[0125] III. Implementation of the subsystem for element - level identification

[0126] According to the hydraulic influence relationship of the water - related elements, five - layer level identifiers are assigned to the water - related elements in the deduced scenarios to support the division of the simulation process. Details are shown in the following table.

[0127] Table 2. Details of the level identification of water - related elements in the Jingjiang - Dongting Lake area

[0128]

[0129] IV. Implementation of the subsystem for element topological organization

[0130] Taking the Shashi Station, the flood control section in the Jingjiang - Dongting Lake area, as the key description node, the topological analysis is carried out in the following steps:

[0131] Identification of upstream and downstream elements: Based on the vector topological relationship of the elements in the Jingjiang - Dongting Lake area, the topological analysis algorithm is used to traverse the upstream and downstream elements of each node to clarify the water flow connection relationship.

[0132] Location of the key description node: Taking the Shashi Station, the flood control section, as the key description node, the list of all upstream nodes is extracted, and the nearest downstream boundary node, which is the Hankou Hydrological Station, is located among its own position and all downstream water - related elements.

[0133] Limitation of the calculation domain: The simulation range is limited to the Hankou Hydrological Station and all upstream water - related elements, excluding the downstream area without hydraulic influence, reducing redundant calculations and significantly improving the calculation efficiency.

[0134] Organization of connection order information:

[0135] A single connected path arranges the water-related elements in order from upstream to downstream, and obtains the connection order organization information;

[0136] Multiple connected paths, for multiple connected paths, synchronous processing is performed, and the water-related elements are arranged in order from upstream to downstream for each connected path, and the connection order organization information is obtained respectively;

[0137] The connection order organization information of the Yangtze River mainstream, the four river tails and the three river systems is obtained through topological analysis according to the above method. The four river tails are a single connection path, and the three river systems are multiple connection paths.

[0138] 5. Implementation of variable parameter model construction subsystem

[0139] A variable-parameter water flow simulation model is constructed for the flood discharge space, flood storage space, and engineering nodes in the water-related elements of the simulation scenario. See the table below for details:

[0140] Table 3. List of construction of water flow simulation model for simulation scenarios

[0141]

[0142] When modeling the Yangtze River mainstream, three river systems and four water tails, the cluster of model variable parameter roughness and water level relationship curves is initialized according to the riverbed geological conditions, the development characteristics of the shoal and the center of the shoal, and the characteristics of vegetation coverage.

[0143] When modeling the Dongting Lake and Lishui Reservoir area, the roughness of each zone is roughly determined according to the lake basin characteristics, beach distribution and vegetation development of each zone within the lake. Satellite images and land use information layers are extracted using GIS software, and the model roughness spatial distribution grid is initialized according to the beach type and distribution.

[0144] When modeling the flood storage and detention areas in the Jingjiang region and the vicinity of Chenglingji, the model variable parameter roughness spatial distribution grid is initialized according to the land use, building distribution, geological conditions, and beach channel distribution of the flood storage and detention space.

[0145] After the above model is constructed, the roughness calibration is further carried out based on the collection of engineering operation and hydrological data in representative years.

[0146] 6. Model Self-Assembly Subsystem Implementation

[0147] Taking the 2020 Yangtze River middle reaches flood simulation scenario as an example, the flood process from July 12 to 19 was simulated, and the model self-assembly was achieved by following the steps below:

[0148] Acquire attribute data of water-related elements of a watershed water flow simulation scenario, and abstractly classify the water-related elements into flood discharge spaces, flood storage spaces, boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes, or description nodes based on the water-related element abstract instance subsystem;

[0149] Based on the above-mentioned element level identification subsystem, water-related elements are assigned with identifications of the first level, the second level, up to the fifth level;

[0150] Obtain the topological organization information of water-related elements in the deduction scenario, identify the flood control hydrological stations or flood control sections in the deduction scenario as key description nodes, and based on the above-mentioned element topological organization subsystem, obtain the connection order organization information of each connected path of water-related elements in the calculation domain from upstream to downstream, including the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information;

[0151] For the flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, and engineering nodes among the water-related elements in the calculation domain, construct a variable parameter water flow simulation model based on the above-mentioned variable parameter model construction subsystem, or retrieve the calibrated model already constructed in the water flow deduction scenario;

[0152] Obtain the calculation boundary conditions of the deduction scenario and initialize the boundary conditions of the level-one boundary nodes in the calculation domain;

[0153] Obtain the engineering dispatching mode of the deduction scenario and initialize the dispatching mode of the level-two engineering nodes in the calculation domain;

[0154] According to the connection order organization information of each connected path in the calculation domain, as well as the organization information marked during the construction of the water flow models of the level-three flood passage space, topological nodes, and level-four flood storage and detention space, carry out the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation models of each element in the calculation domain;

[0155] Carry out the overall water flow numerical simulation of the calculation domain, and obtain the water level, flow rate, and flow velocity information of the level-five description nodes in the calculation domain as the calculation output of the water flow deduction scenario.

[0156] For the variable parameter models such as the river channels, river networks, lakes, reservoirs, flood storage and detention areas, and sandbars and flood dikes in the Jingjiang - Dongting Lake area deduction scenario, evaluate the calculation efficiency of model assembly. The calculation time required for each independent operation of the water flow simulation models is shown in the following table.

[0157] Table 4 Calculation Time of Water Flow Simulation Models for Elements in the Deduction Scenario

[0158]

[0159] The calculation time of each model is mainly related to the calculation time step and the number of grids. The calculation time of a single model is basically within 1 minute, which can meet the real-time calculation requirements in the flood deduction scenario.

[0160] The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a river basin oriented to intelligent water conservancy, characterized in that, Including: A wading element abstraction instance subsystem for abstracting wading elements in a river basin into spatial elements and node elements according to their spatial dimensions. Among them, the spatial elements are further divided into flood routing spaces and flood storage and detention spaces according to their influence modes on water flow movement, and the node elements are further divided into boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes, and description nodes according to their existence forms and hydrological meanings; An element hierarchical identification subsystem for assigning five-level hierarchical identifications according to the influence relationships and directions of wading elements in a river basin to support the simulation process division and pre-data preparation for river basin water project scheduling and water flow evolution. For the five-level hierarchical identifications, the wading elements with smaller hierarchical numbers are the overall pre-stage levels of the wading elements with larger hierarchical numbers, and the elements with larger hierarchical numbers do not have hydraulic influence on the elements with smaller hierarchical numbers. The first level to the fifth level are boundary nodes, engineering nodes, flood routing spaces and topological nodes, flood storage and detention spaces, and description nodes in sequence. For the third-level flood routing spaces and topological nodes, the topological nodes therein are used to connect different flood routing space elements and provide water level and flow boundary information; An element topological organization subsystem for conducting topological analysis according to the interconnection relationships and connectivity directions of wading elements in a river basin to obtain the topological connection order organization information of wading elements to guide the simulation calculation order of wading elements in a river basin; A variable parameter model construction subsystem for constructing variable parameter water flow simulation models for flood routing spaces, flood storage and detention spaces, and engineering nodes in wading elements of a river basin to achieve refined simulation and serve as the underlying simulation calculator to support the numerical simulation of water flow under the influence of river basin water project scheduling; A model self-assembly subsystem for conducting element hierarchical initialization, automatic assembly of element variable parameter models, and overall calculation on the basis of obtaining river basin water flow deduction scenario data to support the preview and pre-plan of the four anticipations of intelligent water conservancy; 2. The self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a basin facing intelligent water conservancy according to claim 1, wherein, The flood routing space elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem describe the internal water body movement through the free water body movement control equation, and the covered wading elements include rivers, river networks, lakes, and reservoirs. The free water body movement control equation includes the Saint-Venant equation, the shallow water equation, and the Navier-Stokes equation; 3. The self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a river basin for intelligent water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that The flood storage and detention space elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem jointly describe the internal water storage, discharge, and evolution process through the combination of the free water body movement control equation and the hydraulic experience formula, and the covered wading elements include flood storage and detention areas, and beach and embankment areas. The free water body movement control equation includes the Saint-Venant equation, the shallow water equation, and the Navier-Stokes equation; the hydraulic experience formula includes the weir flow formula and the orifice flow formula; 4. The self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a basin facing intelligent water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The boundary node elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem refer to non-engineering nodes that dominate or influence water flow movement, and the covered wading elements include upstream incoming water nodes, tributary incoming water nodes, inter-basin incoming water nodes, water intake pumping stations, drainage pumping stations, downstream water level nodes, and downstream water level and flow relationship nodes; The engineering node elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem refer to engineering nodes that dominate or influence water flow movement, and the covered wading elements include dams, sluices, flood storage and detention area gates, and beach and embankment area gates; The topological node elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem refer to the topological nodes used to connect spatial elements, and the wading elements covered include river channel branch points and river-lake confluences. The description node elements of the wading element abstraction instance subsystem refer to the nodes used to reflect the changes in water flow and hydraulic information, and the wading elements covered include river channel and lake hydrological stations and flood control cross-sections.

5. The self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a basin oriented to intelligent water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The element hierarchy identification subsystem carries out the basin water project scheduling and the numerical simulation of water flow evolution in the following order according to the hierarchy: Level 1 - Boundary nodes, which are used to specify the boundary conditions of the boundary nodes in the basin, including the incoming water process of the upstream incoming water node, the incoming water process of the tributary incoming water node, the incoming water process of the interval incoming water node, the water intake process of the water intake pump station, the water intake process of the drainage pump station, the water level process of the downstream water level node, and the water level-flow relationship of the downstream water level-flow relationship node. Level 2 - Project nodes, which are used to specify the scheduling methods of the project nodes that affect the water flow movement in the basin, including the dam scheduling method, the sluice scheduling method, the opening time of the gates of the flood storage and detention areas and the sandbars and flood dikes of the people's embankments, and the flood diversion flow rate. Level 3 - Flood conveyance space and topological nodes, which are used to carry out the numerical simulation of the water flow inside each flood conveyance space element and the topological nodes. Level 4 - Flood storage and detention space, which is used to carry out the numerical simulation calculation of the water flow inside each flood storage and detention space element. Level 5 - Description nodes, which are used to obtain the hydraulic information of the main description nodes in the basin after the numerical simulation of the basin water flow is completed, including the water level, flow rate, and flow velocity of the hydrological stations and flood control cross-sections.

6. The self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a basin oriented to intelligent water conservancy according to claim 1, wherein, The element topological organization subsystem is used to obtain all the upstream and downstream wading elements of any element based on topological analysis; for the key description nodes, extract the list of all upstream nodes, and locate and identify the nearest downstream boundary node in its own position and all downstream wading elements; limit the basin water flow calculation domain to the nearest downstream boundary node and all its upstream wading elements; for all the wading elements in the calculation domain, carry out topological analysis to obtain the connection order organization information of the wading nodes from upstream to downstream, and distinguish and process the cases of single connected paths and multiple connected paths during the analysis process; the connection order organization information includes the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information; the connected element organization information includes the connection method, connection direction, and connection coordinate position between elements.

7. The self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a river basin oriented to intelligent water conservancy according to claim 1, wherein The variable parameter model construction subsystem is used to construct one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional hydrodynamic models according to the geometric characteristics and simulation requirements of the flood conveyance space, construct two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for the flood storage and detention space, and reflect the blocking effect of the water-blocking buildings inside the flood storage and detention space on the water flow by combining with the hydraulic experience formula, and use the hydraulic experience formula to simulate the submerged outflow and free outflow of weir flow or orifice flow for the project nodes. The variable parameter model construction subsystem marks the organization information of the currently concerned elements and other elements with hydraulic connections when constructing the model, which is used to guide the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation models of the basin wading elements; the wading element model organization information includes the hydraulic information exchange unit or section between models and the geometric parameters of the connected sections. The variable parameter model construction subsystem initializes the model variable parameter roughness and water level relationship curve cluster according to the riverbed geological conditions, shoal center beach development characteristics, and vegetation coverage characteristics of the flood discharge space when constructing the model; initializes the model variable parameter roughness spatial distribution grid according to the land use, building distribution, geological conditions, and shoal distribution of the flood storage space; and further calibrates the roughness based on the collection of project operation and hydrological data in representative years.

8. The self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a river basin oriented to intelligent water conservancy according to claim 1, wherein The model self-assembly subsystem is used to obtain attribute data of water-related elements in the watershed water flow simulation scene, and based on the water-related element abstract instance subsystem, the water-related elements are abstractly classified into flood discharge space, flood storage space, boundary node, engineering node, topological node or description node; Based on the element level identification subsystem, water-related elements are assigned first level, second level, and even fifth level identifications; Obtain the topological organization information of the water-related elements in the deduction scenario, identify the flood control hydrological site or flood control section of the deduction scenario as a key description node, and obtain the connection order organization information of each connection path of the water-related elements in the calculation domain from upstream to downstream based on the element topological organization subsystem, including the connection order between elements and the organization information of the connected elements; For the flood discharge space, flood storage space, and engineering nodes in the water-related elements in the calculation domain, a variable parameter water flow simulation model is constructed based on the variable parameter model construction subsystem, or a calibration model that has been constructed in the water flow simulation scenario is retrieved; Obtain the boundary conditions for the simulation scenario calculation and initialize the boundary conditions for the level 1 boundary nodes in the calculation domain; Obtain the engineering scheduling mode of the simulation scenario and initialize the scheduling mode of the level 2 engineering nodes in the computing domain; According to the connection order organization information of each connected path in the computational domain, as well as the organization information annotated when constructing the water flow model of the level three flood discharge space and topological nodes and the level four flood storage space, the water flow simulation model of each element in the computational domain is automatically assembled; Carry out numerical simulation of the overall water flow in the computational domain and obtain the water level, flow rate and flow velocity information of the five descriptive nodes in the computational domain level as the computational output of the water flow simulation scenario.

9. The self-assembly system of a variable-parameter water model for a river basin for intelligent water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that The water flow simulation models of each water-related element in the calculation domain remain relatively independent after automatic assembly. The assembly of any two connected element water flow simulation models is carried out by connecting element organization information and water-related element model organization information. The hydraulic information state quantities of the two assembled models at the connected coordinate positions are exchanged in real time during the calculation process, thereby realizing the key information transmission of the calculation process.

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