Preparation method of perovskite battery

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a perovskite battery, which comprises the following steps of: A1, providing a substrate, and preparing a perovskite bottom layer on the surface of the substrate; a2, ETL electrodes and HTL electrodes are laid on the perovskite bottom layer, and the ETL electrodes and the HTL electrodes are arranged on the same layer and are arranged in a staggered mode; a3, preparing a perovskite top layer, wherein the perovskite top layer is arranged on the perovskite bottom layer and coats the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode; a4, carrying out annealing treatment; a5, carrying out scribing treatment to obtain a plurality of battery monomers; and A6, preparing an insulated light-transmitting protection layer on the surface of the perovskite top layer to obtain the perovskite cell. According to the preparation method, a brand new perovskite cell is obtained, the preparation process is simple, and the qualified rate is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of perovskite batteries, and particularly to a preparation method of a perovskite battery. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite-type organometallic halide semiconductors as light-absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also called new concept solar cells.

[0003] In the prior art, perovskite solar cells all have a vertical stacked structure as disclosed in CN114361346A, CN111192966B, etc., that is, it includes a conductive glass layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer (HTL), and an electrode layer that are sequentially stacked; among them, the positions of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer can be interchanged to form an inverted structure; a metal electrode needs to be prepared on the outermost layer.

[0004] For the above-mentioned perovskite batteries with a vertical structure, whether using a dry or wet process, they need to be deposited layer by layer, and finally a metal film is deposited, which increases the process difficulty and cost to a certain extent. And the product can only be subjected to EL testing (electroluminescence testing) after the metal electrode is prepared. At this time, if there are local defects or conversion efficiency mismatches, they cannot be identified and repaired, and the process yield is difficult to control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a preparation method of a perovskite battery. By designing this new preparation method, a new perovskite battery structure is obtained to overcome the preparation process defects of the existing vertical structure.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A preparation method of a perovskite battery includes the following steps:

[0008] A1. Provide a substrate and prepare a perovskite bottom layer on the surface of the substrate;

[0009] A2. Lay an ETL electrode and an HTL electrode on the perovskite bottom layer. The ETL electrode and the HTL electrode are arranged on the same layer and are staggered; the ETL electrode includes a first electrode and an ETL layer coated on the surface of the first electrode, and the HTL electrode includes a second electrode and an HTL layer coated on the surface of the second electrode;

[0010] A3. Prepare a perovskite top layer, and the perovskite top layer is arranged on the perovskite bottom layer and covers the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode;

[0011] A4, Annealing treatment;

[0012] A5, Scratching treatment, etching from the surface of the perovskite top layer downwards through the perovskite bottom layer to scratch out a plurality of battery monomers, and each battery monomer contains at least one ETL electrode and one HTL electrode;

[0013] A6, Preparing an insulating light-transmitting protective layer on the surface of the perovskite top layer to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0014] Furthermore, the first electrode of the ETL electrode has an extension end extending out of the battery monomer, and the extension ends of a plurality of first electrodes are all connected to a first bus bar, and the first bus bar and a plurality of ETL electrodes thereon form an ETL electrode group.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation method of the ETL electrode group is: B1, preparing a first battery group, the first battery group includes a first bus bar and a plurality of first electrodes connected to the first bus bar, B2, coating an ETL layer on the surface of the first electrode; B3, performing annealing treatment; B4, performing detection to obtain a qualified ETL electrode group.

[0016] Furthermore, the second electrode of the HTL electrode has an extension end extending out of the battery monomer, and the extension ends of a plurality of second electrodes are all connected to a second bus bar, and the second bus bar and a plurality of HTL electrodes thereon form an HTL electrode group.

[0017] Furthermore, the preparation method of the HTL electrode group is: C1, preparing a second battery group, the second battery group includes a second bus bar and a plurality of second electrodes connected to the second bus bar, C2, coating an HTL layer on the surface of the second electrode; C3, performing annealing treatment; C4, performing detection to obtain a qualified HTL electrode group.

[0018] Furthermore, the thickness of the first electrode of the ETL electrode and the ETL layer is both less than 2 mm; or, the thickness of the second electrode of the HTL electrode and the HTL layer is both less than 2 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the substrate is a light-transmitting substrate.

[0020] Furthermore, between step A5 and step A6, there is also step A5-1, performing EL test on each battery monomer, and entering step A6 after passing the test.

[0021] Furthermore, the light-transmitting protective layer is a silicon nitride layer or a silicon dioxide layer.

[0022] Through the technical solution provided by the present invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0023] 1. For the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method of this solution, the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transport layer (HTL) are located in the same layer; and the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode can be separately prepared and detected in advance to ensure the qualified rate of the quality of the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode; which greatly simplifies the structure of the solar cell and the production process flow of the solar cell, achieving cost savings.

[0024] 2. The setting of the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode eliminates the bottom conductive layer and the top electrode layer in the existing vertical structure, enabling the effective light on both the front and back sides of the solar cell to better directly irradiate the perovskite layer, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

[0025] 3. For the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method of this solution, EL testing can be carried out after step A5 is completed, which can promptly repair unqualified products and ensure the qualified rate before device encapsulation.

[0026] 4. The existing vertical-structured solar cells require a large amount of equipment such as large-area evaporation or deposition for preparation, demanding high precision of the equipment, high environmental requirements, and a huge investment scale. The preparation method adopted in this solution effectively overcomes these drawbacks and opens up new process options for industrialization. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 Shown is a flow block diagram of the preparation method of the perovskite solar cell in the embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 Shown is a cross-sectional view of Intermediate Product 1 in the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 Shown is a cross-sectional view of Intermediate Product 2 in the embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 Shown is a cross-sectional view of Intermediate Product 3 in the embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 Shown is a cross-sectional view of Intermediate Product 4 in the embodiment;

[0032] Figure 6 Shown is a cross-sectional view of Intermediate Product 5 in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 7 Shown is a cross-sectional view of the perovskite solar cell in the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 8 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the ETL electrode group in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 9 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the HTL electrode group in the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 10The figure shows a top view of Intermediate Product 2 in the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 11 The figure shows a top view of Intermediate Product 3 in the embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides accompanying drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention, mainly used to illustrate the embodiments, and can be combined with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, those of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation manners and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are usually used to represent similar components.

[0039] Now, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0040] Referring to Figure 1 as shown, a preparation method of a perovskite battery provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0041] A1. Provide a substrate 10, and prepare a perovskite bottom layer 21 on the surface of the substrate 10 to obtain Intermediate Product 1 as Figure 2 shown.

[0042] Specifically, the substrate 10 adopts a light-transmitting substrate, such as light-transmitting glass, etc.

[0043] Specifically, the perovskite bottom layer 21 can be obtained by coating the entire surface on the surface of the substrate 10.

[0044] A2. Lay an ETL electrode 30 and an HTL electrode 40 on the perovskite bottom layer 21. The ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 are arranged on the same layer and staggered; the ETL electrode 30 includes a first electrode 31 and an ETL layer 32 coated on the surface of the first electrode 31, and the HTL electrode 40 includes a second electrode 41 and an HTL layer 42 coated on the surface of the second electrode 41 to obtain Intermediate Product 2 as Figure 3 and as Figure 10 shown; as Figure 3 shown, this embodiment takes three ETL electrodes 30 and three HTL electrodes 40 as examples for expansion. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 is not limited to this.

[0045] Specifically, the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 41 can adopt metal electrodes, such as elemental electrodes such as gold electrodes, silver electrodes or copper electrodes, or can also be laminated electrodes obtained by laminating multiple metal layers, or alloy electrodes, etc. As long as it can achieve conductivity.

[0046] Meanwhile, both the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 can be pre-prepared, and after passing the inspection, they can be used in the preparation of this step to ensure the quality qualification rate of the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40; greatly simplify the structure of the battery and the battery production process flow, and achieve cost savings.

[0047] A3. Prepare the perovskite top layer 22, where the perovskite top layer 22 is disposed on the perovskite bottom layer 21 and covers the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 to obtain an intermediate product three as shown in Figure 4 and as shown in Figure 11 Figure three of the intermediate product.

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, the perovskite top layer 22 can be prepared by spraying or pouring in a mold, etc., so that the perovskite top layer 22 can cover the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 and ensure the flatness of the top surface.

[0049] Through this step, the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 can be well covered within the perovskite layer 20 composed of the perovskite bottom layer 21 and the perovskite top layer 22.

[0050] A4. Annealing treatment; fusing and modifying and restructuring the perovskite bottom layer 21 and the perovskite top layer 22 to obtain a perovskite layer 20 that meets the power generation requirements, and obtaining an intermediate product four as shown in Figure 5 Figure four of the intermediate product.

[0051] A5. Scratching treatment, etching downward from the surface of the perovskite top layer 22 (i.e., the perovskite layer 20) until it penetrates the perovskite bottom layer 21, thereby scratching out a plurality of battery monomers 1, and each battery monomer 1 contains at least one ETL electrode 30 and one HTL electrode 40. Obtain an intermediate product five as shown in Figure 6 Figure five of the intermediate product; as shown in Figure 6 In the figure, each battery monomer 1 contains one ETL electrode 30 and one HTL electrode 40, and each battery monomer 1 is an independent power generation body and outputs through the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 41. Of course, in other embodiments, each battery monomer 1 may also contain two ETL electrodes 30 and two HTL electrodes 40, etc.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the process of the scratching treatment adopts a laser scratching process.

[0053] A6. Prepare an insulating light-transmitting protective layer 50 on the surface of the perovskite top layer 21 (i.e., the perovskite layer 20) to obtain a perovskite solar cell as shown in Figure 7 Figure six of the perovskite solar cell.

[0054] Specifically, the light-transmitting protective layer 50 can adopt a light-transmitting and insulating structural layer such as a silicon nitride layer or a silicon dioxide layer, and the preparation process is mature.

[0055] Through the technical solution provided by the present invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0056] 1. For the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method of this solution, the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transport layer (HTL) are located in the same layer; and the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 can be prepared and detected separately in advance to ensure the qualified rate of the quality of the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40; greatly simplify the structure of the battery and the battery production process flow, and achieve cost savings.

[0057] 2. The setting of the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 eliminates the bottom conductive layer and the top electrode layer in the existing vertical structure, so that the effective light on both the front and back sides of the battery can better directly irradiate the perovskite layer 20 to improve the power generation efficiency.

[0058] 3. For the perovskite solar cell prepared by the preparation method of this solution, EL testing can be carried out after step A5, and unqualified products can be repaired in time to ensure the qualified rate before device encapsulation. That is, in this embodiment, between step A5 and step A6, there is also step A5-1 to perform EL testing on each battery cell 1, and after passing the test, enter step A6.

[0059] 4. The existing vertical structure batteries need to use a large number of large-area evaporation or deposition and other equipment for preparation, requiring high-precision equipment, high environmental requirements, and huge investment scale. The preparation method adopted in this solution effectively overcomes these shortcomings and opens up new process options for industrialization.

[0060] Specifically, in this embodiment, as Figures 8 to 11 shown, the first electrode 31 of the ETL electrode 30 has an extension end extending out of the battery cell 1, and the extension ends of multiple first electrodes 31 are all connected to a first bus bar 33, and the first bus bar 33 and multiple ETL electrodes 30 thereon form an ETL electrode group. Similarly, the second electrode 41 of the HTL electrode 40 has an extension end extending out of the battery cell 1, and the extension ends of multiple second electrodes 41 are all connected to a second bus bar 43, and the second bus bar 43 and multiple HTL electrodes 40 thereon form an HTL electrode group.

[0061] With such a setting, the ETL electrodes 30 for preparing the same battery are in an integrally connected structure, and the HTL electrodes 40 for preparing the same battery are also in an integrally connected structure. In step A2, it is more convenient to lay the electrodes. At the same time, in the integrally connected structure, the distances between multiple ETL electrodes 30 and between multiple HTL electrodes 40 are fixed, such as being equally spaced. After staggered laying, the distances between the ETL electrode 30 and the HTL electrode 40 of each battery cell 1 are the same, and the uniformity is better.

[0062] Specifically, the preparation method of the ETL electrode group is as follows: B1. Prepare the first battery group. The first battery group includes a first bus bar 33 and a plurality of first electrodes 31 connected to the first bus bar 33. Specifically, the first battery group can be integrally formed by means such as die casting. The first electrodes 31 are in a strip-shaped structure and are evenly distributed, forming a comb-like grid structure. B2. Coat an ETL layer 32 on the surface of the first electrodes 31; the coating method can be coating, electroplating or the like. B3. Perform an annealing treatment to modify the ETL layer 32. B4. Perform detection to obtain a qualified ETL electrode group.

[0063] Similarly, the same preparation method is adopted for the HTL electrode group, that is, the preparation method of the HTL electrode group is as follows: C1. Prepare the second battery group. The second battery group includes a second bus bar 43 and a plurality of second electrodes 41 connected to the second bus bar 43. C2. Coat an HTL layer 42 on the surface of the second electrodes 41. C3. Perform an annealing treatment. C4. Perform detection to obtain a qualified HTL electrode group.

[0064] The preparation methods adopted for the above ETL electrode group and HTL electrode group are simple in preparation process, can achieve mass production, and have high production efficiency.

[0065] Preferably, in order to reduce the thickness dimension of the battery, the thickness D1 of the first electrode 31 of the ETL electrode 30 and the thickness D2 of the ETL layer 32 are both less than 2 mm; the thickness d1 of the second electrode 41 of the HTL electrode 40 and the thickness d2 of the HTL layer 42 are also both less than 2 mm.

[0066] Although the present invention is specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to the present invention in terms of form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims, and all of them are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, it comprises the following steps: A1. Provide a substrate and prepare a perovskite bottom layer on the surface of the substrate; A2. Lay an ETL electrode and an HTL electrode on the perovskite bottom layer. The ETL electrode and the HTL electrode are arranged on the same layer and staggered. The ETL electrode comprises a first electrode and an ETL layer coated on the surface of the first electrode, and the HTL electrode comprises a second electrode and an HTL layer coated on the surface of the second electrode; A3. Prepare a perovskite top layer, which is arranged on the perovskite bottom layer and covers the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode; A4. Annealing treatment; A5. Scratching treatment, etching downward from the surface of the perovskite top layer until it penetrates the perovskite bottom layer, thereby scratching out a plurality of battery monomers, and each battery monomer contains at least one ETL electrode and one HTL electrode; A6. Prepare an insulating light-transmitting protective layer on the surface of the perovskite top layer to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

2. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrode of the ETL electrode has an extension end extending out of the battery monomer, and the extension ends of a plurality of first electrodes are all connected to a first bus bar, and the first bus bar and a plurality of ETL electrodes thereon form an ETL electrode group.

3. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the ETL electrode group is as follows: B1. Prepare a first battery group, which includes a first bus bar and a plurality of first electrodes connected to the first bus bar; B2. Coat an ETL layer on the surface of the first electrode; B3. Perform annealing treatment; B4. Perform detection to obtain a qualified ETL electrode group.

4. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second electrode of the HTL electrode has an extension end extending out of the battery monomer, and the extension ends of a plurality of second electrodes are all connected to a second bus bar, and the second bus bar and a plurality of HTL electrodes thereon form an HTL electrode group.

5. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the HTL electrode group is as follows: C1. Prepare a second battery group, which includes a second bus bar and a plurality of second electrodes connected to the second bus bar; C2. Coat an HTL layer on the surface of the second electrode; C3. Perform annealing treatment; C4. Perform detection to obtain a qualified HTL electrode group.

6. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thicknesses of both the first electrode of the ETL electrode and the ETL layer are less than 2 mm; or the thicknesses of both the second electrode of the HTL electrode and the HTL layer are less than 2 mm.

7. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate is a light-transmitting substrate.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Between step A5 and step A6, there is also step A5-1, performing EL testing on each battery monomer, and entering step A6 after passing the test.

9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, It is characterized in that: The light-transmitting protective layer is a silicon nitride layer or a silicon dioxide layer.

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