Guangxi sweet tea gall mite comprehensive prevention and control method based on ecological regulation and control

Abstract

The invention discloses a Guangxi strigose hydrangea juvenile tea gall mite comprehensive control method based on ecological regulation and control, and belongs to the technical field of ecological planting of strigose hydrangea juvenile tea. The method comprises the steps that lemongrass is planted on the periphery to form a smell barrier, purple perilla is arranged in the middle, Guangxi strigose hydrangea juvenile tea and sugar oranges are planted at intervals in a core area, and a composite rhombic layout is formed; chinaroot greenbrier is planted in the interplanting zone at intervals to serve as gall mite trapping plants, and matrine or azadirachtin botanical pesticide is sprayed to the chinaroot greenbrier regularly; a composite substrate containing 60-65% of loess, 20-25% of bagasse biochar, 10-12% of vermiculite and 3-5% of sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water-retention slow-release particles is adopted to form a water-retention breathable layer with a slow-release function; and spreading wormwood seeds around the host plants to inhibit survival of overwintering adults of the gall mites. The method has good ecological benefits and insect pest prevention and control efficiency, effectively improves the soil microenvironment and is suitable for sweet tea planting in subtropical hilly areas such as Guangxi.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological planting of sweet tea, and more specifically to an integrated control method for Guangxi sweet tea gall mites based on ecological regulation. Background Art

[0002] Guangxi Sweet Tea ( Rubus chingii var. suavissimus As a specialty crop with important economic value and medicinal function, it has long been attacked by gall mites (such as sweet tea leaf gall mites). Phyllocoptes suavissimi ). Gall mites are tiny and reproduce rapidly. They often hide on the back of leaves to suck juice, causing the leaves to curl, turn yellow, or even fall off, resulting in a decrease in tea yield. Traditional prevention and control methods mainly rely on chemical pesticides (such as avermectin, amitraz emulsifiable concentrate, etc.), but long-term use has led to a significant increase in gall mite resistance, and pesticide residues have caused ecological pollution and destroyed the population of natural enemies in tea gardens (such as predatory mites, lacewings, etc.). Although biological control technology has been promoted, its application is limited by the short shelf life of predatory mites, poor environmental adaptability, and high requirements for professional operation, making it difficult to popularize among scattered small farmers.

[0003] In recent years, ecological regulation technology has become a research hotspot. Although the three-dimensional planting model of "tea-forest-grass-flower" can improve biodiversity, its targeted repellent effect on gall mites is insufficient; the application of attractant plants (such as white rice tree and chicken claw lily) mostly stays on the single trapping function, lacking a coordinated layout with repellent plants. In addition, the loess hillsides in the karst landform area of ​​Guangxi have poor soil and poor water retention, which easily forms a dry microenvironment suitable for gall mites, and conventional soil improvement methods (such as increasing the application of organic fertilizers and covering with straw) are difficult to achieve dynamic humidity regulation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive control method for sweet tea gall mites in Guangxi based on ecological regulation, so as to solve the technical problems that traditional pesticides lead to gall mite resistance and environmental pollution, poor water retention of barren loess forms a suitable environment for gall mites, and a single cultivation model aggravates the risk of disease and insect pest outbreaks.

[0005] In order to achieve these objectives of the present invention, the present invention provides an integrated control method for sweet tea gall mites in Guangxi based on ecological regulation, comprising: 1) Construct a mite repellent-attraction compound intercropping system and plant lemongrass on the periphery ( Cymbopogon citratus ) form an odor barrier, with Perilla in the middle ( Perilla frutescens ), the core area of ​​Guangxi sweet tea and sugar orange ( Citrus reticulata 'Shiyue Ju' ) are interplanted at 1-meter intervals to form a compound diamond layout; Smilax glabra ( Smilax spp.) as gall mite attractant plants, and regularly spray smilax china with matrine or azadirachtin phytochemicals; 2) Implement soil microecological improvement, and use a composite substrate containing 60-65% loess, 20-25% sugarcane bagasse biochar, 10-12% vermiculite, and 3-5% sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water-retaining and slow-release granules to form a water-retaining and breathable layer with a slow-release function; 3) Implement winter management, sow Artemisia argyi seeds around the host plants to inhibit the survival of overwintering adult eriophyid mites; the sowing amount of Artemisia argyi is 50-80 g / m², and the sowing time is from late November to early December; after sowing, cover with sugarcane bagasse biochar particles with a particle size ≤ 5 mm and a thickness of 2-3 cm to enhance soil moisture conservation and promote the germination of Artemisia argyi; remove the undecomposed cover in March of the following year.

[0006] In the present invention, Cymbopogon citratus contains citronella oil, which is rich in insecticidal active ingredients such as citronellal; Perilla frutescens contains abundant perillaldehyde and limonene, etc., which are the main insecticidal active ingredients; Satsuma mandarin contains tangerine oil, and the main insecticidal active ingredient substances mainly include limonene, etc., with a content as high as 70%. These insecticidal active ingredients form volatiles, and interfere with the location and oviposition of eriophyid mites on the host through odors.

[0007] Different from the traditional single pesticide spraying, this solution forms a three-dimensional repellent field by the gradient release of insecticidal active ingredients from the allelochemicals of Cymbopogon citratus, Perilla frutescens, and Satsuma mandarin; the spatio-temporal coupling effect of Smilax china as a trapping target and plant-derived pesticides effectively improves the pest aggregation degree and realizes the dual-modal pest control of repelling + trapping. At the same time, the porous structure of sugarcane bagasse biochar and the humidity-responsive characteristics of sodium alginate gel jointly solve the fundamental contradiction of poor water retention of loess, and reconstruct the uninhabitable environment for eriophyid mites from the perspective of niche competition. Allelopathy refers to the phenomenon that plants release specific chemical substances into the environment, which have direct or indirect inhibitory or promoting effects on the growth, development, and survival of other plants (including the same species or different species). Synergistic effect of allelopathy refers to the combined action of two or more substances / factors to enhance the effect. The host plants mainly include Guangxi sweet tea, which is the core host of eriophyid mites; Smilax china, as a trapping plant, attracts eriophyid mites to become its temporary "host" by concentrating, which is convenient for targeted killing; Satsuma mandarin may become a secondary host of eriophyid mites in the intercropping mode, but its volatile terpene substances (such as limonene) can synergistically repel eriophyid mites and reduce the pest density.

[0008] Preferably, the sandwich diamond layout in step 1) includes 3 intercropping belts, and the spacing between each belt is 0.5-1 m, where: The planting density of the Cymbopogon citratus belt is 6-8 plants / m², and the plant height is controlled at 0.8-1.2 m, forming a chemical repellent layer by releasing active substances such as citronella oil; Shatangju and Guangxi sweet tea are planted at an interval of 1:1 in the row direction, with a row spacing of 0.8m×1.0m, and allelopathic synergistic effects are formed by using active substances such as volatile terpenoids in Shatangju and sweet tea; The perilla belt is planted in a double-row staggered manner, and active substances such as perillaldehyde and limonene are released at an interval of 0.4m within the row; These active substances form volatiles, and 15° inclined planting grooves are mainly set at the boundary of the perilla intercropping belt, so that the volatile substances form a centripetal concentration gradient field.

[0009] In this embodiment, through the control of the spacing between the three-layer intercropping belts (0.5 - 1m) and the design of the inclined planting grooves, the citronella oil secreted by Cymbopogon citratus and the insect-repellent active substances released by perilla form a superposition effect, forming a protective layer of volatile terpenoid substances ≥1.2μg / m³ in the sweet tea planting area, with a higher repellent efficiency compared to traditional linear planting.

[0010] Preferably, the Smilax china trapping plants are planted at an interval of 1:8 - 10 with Guangxi sweet tea, and pulsed spraying is carried out during the peak hatching period of eriophyid mites (March - April, September - October), specifically including: Compound 0.5% matrine aqueous solution and 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate in a volume ratio of 2:1; Spray once every 7 days, and 3 consecutive sprays form a spraying cycle; Cover with a rainproof film (light transmittance ≥85%) within 6 hours after spraying to ensure the penetration of the liquid medicine.

[0011] This scheme increases the insect load per unit area of Smilax china leaves through the trapping target ratio of 1:8 - 10, combined with pulsed spraying during the peak hatching period (3 cycles × 7 days), and improves the trapping efficiency compared to conventional trapping. The application of the rainproof film increases the foliar retention amount of matrine.

[0012] Preferably, the sodium alginate - attapulgite clay composite water - retaining and slow - release particles in step (2) are compound - crosslinked in a mass ratio of 3:1 and loaded with humic acid microcapsules (particle size 50 - 80μm), and its preparation method includes: After activating attapulgite clay with 2mol / L hydrochloric acid, it is blended with sodium alginate solution (concentration 6%) by ultrasonic oscillation (40kHz); Add humic acid microcapsules and 0.1% CaCl 2 Cross - linker, and form porous gel particles with a diameter of 2 - 3mm through micro - pore extrusion granulation; Vacuum - dry at 60℃ until the moisture content ≤8%, and obtain intelligent water - retaining particles with pH buffering (pH 6.2 - 6.8) and nitrogen and phosphorus controlled - release functions.

[0013] In this solution, through the composite cross-linking of sodium alginate and attapulgite clay with a mass ratio of 3:1, combined with the loading of humic acid microcapsules, the water-retaining particles synchronously release humic acid when swelling by absorbing water, achieving an increase in the soil organic matter content; the microporous extrusion granulation process forms through pores (porosity ≥ 65%), enabling the water release of the water-retaining particles within 72 hours to effectively match the water absorption rhythm of the sweet tea roots.

[0014] Preferably, the composite substrate is constructed according to a vertical layered structure: Surface layer (0 - 15 cm): The composite substrate is mixed with earthworm castings (20% volume ratio), and the laying density is 1.2 g / cm³; Middle layer (15 - 30 cm): The composite substrate is embedded in a bamboo fiber grid (pore size 5 mm × 5 mm), and the grid is filled with a mixture of sugarcane bagasse biochar and vermiculite (3:1); Bottom layer (30 - 50 cm): A drainage layer of volcanic rock fragments (particle size 10 - 20 mm) is set, with a thickness of 20 cm, and its surface is coated with a polylactic acid slow-release membrane (degradation period 180 days).

[0015] In this solution, the earthworm castings in the surface layer provide quick-acting nutrients (quick-acting nitrogen ≥ 120 mg / kg), the bamboo fiber grid in the middle layer enhances the shear strength, and the volcanic rock drainage layer at the bottom layer improves the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity; the lactic acid released during the degradation of the polylactic acid slow-release membrane dynamically adjusts the rhizosphere pH value, and the pH fluctuates within the degradation period, inhibiting the reproduction of soil-borne pathogens.

[0016] Preferably, a biological buffer isolation belt is set between the lemongrass and the Guangxi sweet tea planting belts, and native plant wild chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum indicum ), which has the function of allelopathic neutralization, is planted at intervals according to the ratio of 1-meter wild chrysanthemum belt for every 3-meter lemongrass belt, and sugarcane bagasse fermented bacterial fertilizer (dosage 2 kg / m²) is applied to the roots of the wild chrysanthemum belt. The bacterial fertilizer contains a composite bacterial agent of Trichoderma ( Trichoderma harzianum ), and nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Azotobacter chroococcum ), and the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / g).

[0017] The wild chrysanthemum in this solution can attract beneficial insects (such as ladybugs), and the sugarcane bagasse bacterial fertilizer utilizes local agricultural waste in Guangxi, reducing the raw material cost.

[0018] Preferably, the composite substrate is subjected to in-situ regeneration treatment every dry season, specifically including: When plowing, crushed waste sugarcane leaves (particle size ≤ 2 cm, addition amount 15% volume ratio) and quicklime (1 kg / m²) are mixed in; Molasses fermentation broth (sugar content 12°Bx, dosage 3 L / m²) is sprayed to activate the native microbial community; Covered with degradable ramie fiber mulch film (water permeability rate: 80%, thickness: 0.2 mm), which decomposes naturally after 60 days.

[0019] The bagasse debris in this solution increases the soil porosity, the molasses fermentation broth increases the number of actinomycetes, the cost of the ramie fiber mulch film is only 1 / 5 of that of the plastic mulch film, and there is no white pollution.

[0020] Preferably, the ratio of the Smilax trapping plants to the repellent plants is dynamically adjusted according to seasons: Dry season (November - April): The ratio of Smilax to Rubus suavissimus is increased to 1:6, and the planting density of Perilla frutescens is reduced by 30%; Rainy season (May - October): The ratio of Smilax is reduced to 1:10, and the density of Cymbopogon citratus belts is increased to 8 plants / m²; The self - adaptive adjustment of the repellent intensity is achieved by inserting slow - release rods containing cinnamaldehyde (release rate: 0.1 mg / day).

[0021] The dynamic adjustment in this solution stabilizes the annual gall mite capture amount at 5 - 8 mites / leaf (compared with 12 - 20 mites in the fixed - ratio solution); the slow - release rods of cinnamaldehyde are processed from the by - products of cinnamon, a special product in Guangxi, which reduces the cost; and the frequency of manual intervention is reduced.

[0022] Preferably, a bamboo tube micro - humidification system is pre - embedded in the soil improvement layer, including: Perforated bamboo tubes with a diameter of 8 cm (hole spacing: 10 cm, hole diameter: 2 mm) are longitudinally buried in the root zone of Rubus suavissimus (depth: 30 cm); The bamboo tubes are filled with water - absorbing resin (water - retaining agent: coconut coir = 3:1) to form a slow - release core; A ceramic pipe gravity - flow system (slope ≥5°) connecting the mountaintop rainwater collection pool and the bamboo tubes is used to achieve the gradient utilization of rainwater.

[0023] The bamboo tube system in this solution keeps the soil water content in the dry season stable at 18 - 22%; by using the rich bamboo resources in Guangxi, it has a lower cost compared with drip irrigation, a high rainwater utilization rate, and is suitable for mountainous areas without power supply.

[0024] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention has good ecological benefits, can reduce pesticide usage and improve biodiversity. By repellent plants such as Cymbopogon citratus, Perilla frutescens, and Citrus reticulata Blanco releasing insect - repellent active ingredients such as citronella oil (containing citral, etc.), perillaldehyde, and orange oil, combined with the targeted trapping of Smilax and botanical pesticides, the amount of pesticide used is reduced, and no pesticide residues are detected; the number of beneficial insects such as ladybugs increases significantly, the soil microorganisms are enhanced, and a benign micro - ecosystem is formed.

[0025] 2. The present invention significantly improves the pest control efficiency. It adopts a physical barrier of lemongrass with a plant height of about 1.2 m, combined with a perilla belt and a rhombus-structured pest control system constructed by trapping and killing smilax china, which significantly reduces the pest density. By adaptively adjusting the ratio of smilax china in the dry and wet seasons from 1:6 to 1:10 and using photoperiod trapping, the range of pest fluctuations is reduced.

[0026] 3. The present invention effectively improves the soil microenvironment. The composite substrate of bagasse biochar, vermiculite, and water-retaining particles extends the soil water-holding time from 24 hours to 72 hours, with a porosity of ≥65%. The activation of white rot fungi and the nano-silicate activator restore the substrate porosity to 95%, and the water absorption ratio of the water-retaining particles is increased to 25 g / g, having a strong regeneration ability.

[0027] 4. The present invention realizes the local utilization of bagasse / bamboo, improves the waste recycling rate, and is very environmentally friendly and sustainable.

[0028] 5. The present invention adopts a bamboo tube micro-moistening system to maintain the soil moisture content, achieving water conservation in the dry season. The volcanic rock layer has a high water conductivity, achieving drainage in the rainy season, and is very suitable for the climate with distinct dry and wet seasons in Guangxi.

[0029] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description and partially understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the rhombus structure of the mite-driving and trapping intercropping system of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a planting schematic diagram of the lemongrass belt of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a planting schematic diagram of the perilla belt of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a planting schematic diagram of the core area of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the parallel linear planting in the comparative example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] The following examples are used to further elaborate the present invention in detail, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the description in the specification.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms such as "having", "comprising", and "including" used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or their combinations.

[0033] Example 1 A comprehensive control method for sweet tea gall mites in Guangxi based on ecological regulation. Taking the implementation of comprehensive control on a loess hillside in Guangxi as an example, it includes: Step 1: Construct a repellent-attractant composite planting system with a sandwich diamond layout, as Figures 1 - 4 shown below: (a) Construction of the peripheral odor barrier: Cymbopogon citratus is planted in a circular pattern around the Rubus suavissimus S. Lee planting area ( Cymbopogon citratus ), forming a diamond layout with a row spacing of 1.2 m × 0.8 m (row spacing of 1.2 m and diagonal plant spacing of 0.8 m for the diamond), a planting density of 6 - 8 plants / m², and a physical odor repellent barrier with a height of 0.8 - 1.2 m; (b) Setting up the intermediate allelopathic isolation zone: A double-row staggered planting zone of Perilla frutescens ( Perilla frutescens ) is set up inside the Cymbopogon citratus barrier, with an interval of 0.4 m within the row. A chemical repellent layer is established through volatile active substances such as perillaldehyde and limonene in the leaves, and the height of the Perilla frutescens zone is 0.6 - 0.8 m; (c) Targeted attraction and control in the core area: In the core area, Rubus suavissimus S. Lee from Guangxi and Shatangju are interplanted at an interval of 1 m, and Smilax china L. is planted at an interval of 1:6 - 10 as a gall mite attracting plant; the height of the Rubus suavissimus S. Lee core area is 2 - 2.5 m.

[0034] Step 2: Implement gradient slow-release soil ecological improvement (d) Preparation of the composite substrate: Loess (60%), sugarcane bagasse biochar (25%), vermiculite (10%), and sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water-retaining particles (5%) are mixed by volume. The diameter of the water-retaining particles is 2 - 3 mm, and the water absorption ratio is ≥ 25 g / g.

[0035] Step 3: Management (e) Spray a compound solution of 0.5% matrine and 0.3% azadirachtin on the leaves of Smilax china L. every 7 days, and cover with a rainproof film with a light transmittance ≥ 85% for 6 hours after spraying.

[0036] And implement winter management. Sow Artemisia argyi seeds around the host plants to inhibit the survival of overwintering adult gall mites; the sowing amount of Artemisia argyi is 50 - 80 g / m², and the sowing time is from late November to early December; after sowing, cover with sugarcane bagasse biochar particles with a particle size ≤ 5 mm and a thickness of 2 - 3 cm to enhance soil moisture conservation and promote the germination of Artemisia argyi; remove the undecomposed covering in March of the following year.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 realizes the conventional single cultivation of Rubus suavissimus S. Lee from Guangxi, with a row spacing of 1.5 m × 1.5 m, applying chemical pesticides (imidacloprid, spraying once every 15 days), conventional irrigation, and no winter management.

[0038] The data comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Example 2 On the basis of Example 1, the intercropping structure is further optimized, including: Plant Cymbopogon citratus in a rhombus layout around the sweet tea planting area, with a row spacing of 1.0 m × 0.8 m, a planting density of 7 plants / m², and the plant height controlled at 1.0 m; through gas chromatography detection, the concentration of citral released by Cymbopogon citratus is ≥ 1.2 μg / m³, forming an outer chemical barrier.

[0039] Set a double-row staggered planting belt of Perilla frutescens inside the Cymbopogon citratus belt, with an interval of 0.4 m within the row and a row spacing of 0.6 m. Through the detection of leaf volatile substances, the concentration of perillaldehyde released by Perilla frutescens is ≥ 0.95 μg / m³. As Figure 1 and 3 shown, set a 15° inclined planting groove at the boundary of the intercropping belt, facing the core area, to guide the diffusion of volatile terpenoids to the sweet tea core area, forming a centripetal concentration gradient field.

[0040] Guangxi sweet tea and satsuma mandarin are planted at intervals in a 1:1 row ratio, with a row spacing of 0.8 m × 1.0 m; the limonene released by satsuma mandarin (GC-MS detection concentration ≥ 0.5 μg / m³) synergizes with other volatile substances to enhance the repellent effect; Smilax china is planted between each row of sweet tea as a trap plant, with a ratio of 1:8 (Smilax china: sweet tea).

[0041] Comparative Example 2 As Figure 5 shown, the difference from Example 2 is that in this Comparative Example 2, Cymbopogon citratus and Perilla frutescens are planted in a straight line parallel (row spacing 1.5 m), without an inclined planting groove, and satsuma mandarin and sweet tea are planted in a conventional intercropping ratio of 1:3.

[0042] The effect data of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are compared in Table 2 below: Table 2 Example 3 On the basis of Example 1, precise control is implemented in the Smilax china trap area: Plant Smilax china and Guangxi sweet tea at intervals in a 1:8 ratio; Spray a compound medicament (matrine: azadirachtin = 2:1) on March 20, March 27, and April 3, and cover with a rainproof film with a light transmittance of 90% after spraying; Detect the residual amount of liquid medicine on the leaf surface 0.85 mg / cm² after 6 hours (verified by HPLC).

[0043] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that in Comparative Example 3, the ratio of Smilax china to sweet tea is 1:8, and matrine is sprayed every 15 days (without azadirachtin compounding), without rainproof film coverage.

[0044] The data of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 are compared in Table 3 below: Table 3 Example 4 Preparation of functional water-retaining particles: The attapulgite clay was activated with 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid and then mixed with 6% sodium alginate solution by ultrasonic oscillation (40 kHz). Humic acid microcapsules (particle size 60 μm) and 0.1% CaCl 2 crosslinking agent were added. After stirring and mixing evenly, porous gel particles with a diameter of 2-3 mm were formed by micro-hole extrusion granulation; After micro-hole extrusion granulation, it was dried at 60 °C until the moisture content was ≤8%, and intelligent water-retaining particles with a diameter of about 2.5 mm and having pH buffering (pH 6.2-6.8) and nitrogen and phosphorus controlled-release functions were obtained; The water absorption ratio of the particles was 25 g / g, and the water release rate in 72 hours was 82% (tested by the centrifugation method).

[0045] Comparative Example 4 Different from Example 4, in Comparative Example 4, an existing water-retaining agent: sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent was used to replace the composite water-retaining particles at the same ratio (5%).

[0046] The data comparison between Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 is shown in Table 4 below: Table 4 Example 5 On the basis of Example 1, layered construction of the soil was carried out: Bottom layer (30-50 cm): A drainage layer of volcanic rock fragments with a particle size of 10-20 mm was laid, with a thickness of 20 cm; its surface was coated with a polylactic acid slow-release film (degradation period about 180 days); Middle layer (15-30 cm): Bamboo fiber grids (pore size 5 mm×5 mm) were embedded in the composite substrate, and a mixture of sugarcane bagasse biochar and vermiculite (3:1) was filled in the grids; Top layer (0-15 cm): The composite substrate was mixed with earthworm manure (20% by volume) and laid at a density of 1.2 g / cm³.

[0047] Comparative Example 5 Different from Example 5, in Comparative Example 5, a scheme of uniformly mixing all three improved materials without a layered structure was adopted.

[0048] The data comparison is shown in Table 5 below: Table 5 Example 6 On the basis of Example 1, a biological buffer isolation belt was further set up between the lemongrass and Guangxi sweet tea planting belts: Interplant a 1-meter wild chrysanthemum strip every 3 meters of lemongrass strip, use the wild chrysanthemum strip to attract beneficial insects, and apply bagasse fermented bacterial fertilizer (2 kg / m²) to the roots of the wild chrysanthemum strip; the bacterial fertilizer contains a composite bacterial agent of Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (effective viable count ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / g).

[0049] Comparative Example 6 The difference from Example 6 is that in Comparative Example 6, no buffer strip is set: lemongrass and sweet tea are planted directly adjacent to each other, no wild chrysanthemum buffer strip is set, and ordinary chemical fertilizer is applied.

[0050] The comparison of the effect data is shown in Table 6 below: Table 6 Example 7 On the basis of Example 1, the composite substrate is subjected to in-situ regeneration treatment every dry season to implement in-situ soil activation: When plowing in the dry season, add crushed sugarcane leaves (particle size ≤ 2 cm, addition amount 15% by volume) + 1 kg / m² quicklime; Spray molasses fermentation broth (sugar content 12°Bx, dosage 3 L / m²) to activate the native microbial community, and cover with jute fiber mulch film (water permeability 80%, thickness 0.2 mm); Detected by mercury intrusion method, the soil porosity recovered from 32% to 48% after 60 days.

[0051] Comparative Example 7 Compared with Example 7, in Comparative Example 7, there is no activation treatment: only plow the soil, and do not add sugarcane leaves, molasses fermentation broth and jute fiber mulch film.

[0052] The data comparison is shown in Table 7 below: Table 7 Example 8 On the basis of Example 1, dynamically adjust trapping-repelling: Dry season (November - April): Smilax china: sweet tea = 1:6, and the planting density of perilla is reduced by 30%; Rainy season (May - October): Adjust to 1:10, and the density of lemongrass strip is increased to 8 plants / m²; By inserting a slow-release rod containing cinnamaldehyde (0.1 mg / day), After statistics, the insect population density is stable at 7 heads / leaf; the frequency of manual intervention is reduced from once a week to once a quarter.

[0053] Comparative Example 8 Compared with Example 8, Comparative Example 8 uses a fixed ratio for trapping: the ratio of Smilax china to sweet tea is fixed at 1:8 throughout the year, the density of perilla remains unchanged, and there is no cinnamaldehyde slow-release rod.

[0054] The data comparison of the two is shown in Table 8 below: Example 9 Based on Example 1, a bamboo tube micro-irrigation system is pre-buried in the soil improvement layer: Perforated bamboo tubes with a diameter of 8 cm (hole spacing 10 cm, hole diameter 2 mm) are longitudinally buried in the root zone of sweet tea (depth 30 cm), and filled with water-absorbing resin + coconut coir (water-retaining agent: coconut coir = 3:1) to form a slow-release core; Connect the rainwater collection pool on the top of the mountain and the bamboo tubes through ceramic pipes to form a gravity flow system (gradient ≥ 5°), and maintain the soil water content at about 20% in the dry season through TDR detection.

[0055] Comparative Example 9 Compared with Example 9, conventional furrow irrigation is used in Comparative Example 9: the traditional furrow irrigation method is adopted, without a bamboo tube micro-irrigation system and a rainwater collection device.

[0056] The data comparison of the two is shown in Table 9 below: In summary, the present invention has good ecological benefits and pest control efficiency, effectively improves the soil microenvironment, is suitable for the cultivation of sweet tea in subtropical hilly areas such as Guangxi, and can solve the technical problems of the resistance of eriophyid mites caused by traditional pesticides and environmental pollution, the poor water retention of infertile loess forming a suitable environment for eriophyid mites, and the increased risk of pest outbreaks due to a single cultivation mode.

[0057] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the field, additional modifications can be easily achieved.

Claims

1. A comprehensive control method for sweet tea gall mites in Guangxi based on ecological regulation, characterized in that: include: 1) Construct a compound intercropping system of repellent and attractant, with lemongrass planted on the periphery to form an odor barrier, perilla in the middle, and Guangxi sweet tea and sugar orange intercropped in the core area to form a compound diamond layout; plant smilax as a gall mite attractant plant in the intercropping belt, and regularly spray smilax with matrine or azadirachtin plant-derived pesticides; 2) Implement soil microecological improvement, using a composite matrix containing 60-65% loess, 20-25% bagasse biochar, 10-12% vermiculite and 3-5% sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water-retaining and slow-release particles to form a water-retaining and breathable layer with a slow-release function; 3) Implement winter management by sowing mugwort seeds around the host plants to inhibit the survival of overwintering adults of gall mites; the sowing rate of mugwort is 50-80 g / m², and the sowing time is from late November to early December; after sowing, cover with sugarcane bagasse biochar particles with a particle size of ≤5 mm and a thickness of 2-3 cm to enhance moisture retention and promote mugwort germination; remove undecomposed covering materials in March of the following year.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sandwich diamond layout in step 1) comprises three layers of interplanting belts, with a spacing of 0.5-1 m between each belt, wherein: The planting density of lemongrass belt is 6-8 plants / m², and the plant height is controlled at 0.8-1.2m. It forms a chemical repellent layer by releasing insect repellent active ingredients; Sugar orange and Guangxi sweet tea were planted in a 1:1 inter-row ratio with a row spacing of 0.8m×1.0m to release insect repellent active ingredients; The perilla belts were planted in two staggered rows with a spacing of 0.4 m within the rows to release the insect repellent active ingredients; A 15° inclined planting trough is set at the boundary of the intercropping belt to form a centripetal concentration gradient field for volatile substances.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sarsaparilla attracting plant is planted at a ratio of 1:8-10 with Guangxi sweet tea, and the pesticide is applied during the peak period of gall mite hatching, specifically including: 0.5% matrine aqueous solution and 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1; Spray once every 7 days, and 3 consecutive times constitute a spraying cycle; Cover with rainproof film with a transmittance ≥ 85% within 6 hours after spraying to ensure the penetration of the liquid.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water-retaining slow-release particles in step 2) are cross-linked at a mass ratio of 3:1 and loaded with humic acid microcapsules. The preparation method thereof includes: The attapulgite clay is activated by hydrochloric acid and then mixed with the sodium alginate solution by ultrasonic vibration; Humic acid microcapsules and CaCl2 crosslinking agent are added, and porous gel particles with a diameter of 2-3 mm are formed by microporous extrusion granulation; The particles are dried under vacuum at a temperature not higher than 60°C until the moisture content is ≤ 8%, thereby obtaining intelligent water-retaining particles with buffering and nitrogen and phosphorus controlled-release functions.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite matrix is ​​constructed in a vertical layered structure: Surface layer: composite substrate mixed with earthworm castings, laying density 1.2g / cm³; Middle layer: composite matrix embedded in bamboo fiber grid, which is filled with a mixture of bagasse biochar and vermiculite; Bottom layer: Set up a drainage layer of volcanic rock fragments.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: A biological buffer zone was set up between the lemongrass and the Guangxi sweet tea planting zone, and wild chrysanthemum, a local plant, was planted at a ratio of 1 meter of wild chrysanthemum for every 3 meters of lemongrass. Fermented bacterial fertilizer made of sugarcane bagasse was applied to the roots of the wild chrysanthemum. The bacterial fertilizer contained a composite bacterial agent of Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the number of effective live bacteria was ≥5×10 8 CFU / g.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The composite substrate is regenerated in situ during the dry season every year, including: Mix crushed discarded sugarcane leaves and quicklime when tilling the field; Spraying molasses fermentation liquid to activate native microbial communities; Cover with biodegradable hemp fiber film, which will decompose naturally after 60 days.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The ratio of Smilax attractant plants to repellent plants is adjusted dynamically according to the season: Dry season: the ratio of sarsaparilla to sweet tea is increased to 1:6, and the planting density of shiso is reduced by 30%; Rainy season: the ratio of sarsaparilla to lemongrass drops to 1:10, and the density of the citronella belt increases to 8 plants / m²; Adaptive regulation of repellent intensity is achieved by implanting slow-release rods containing cinnamaldehyde.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: Pre-buried bamboo tube micro-moisture system in the soil improvement layer, including: The perforated bamboo tube is buried longitudinally in the root zone of sweet tea; The bamboo tube is filled with water-absorbing resin to form a slow-release core; The ceramic pipe gravity system connecting the mountaintop rainwater collection pool and the bamboo tube realizes the gradient utilization of rainwater.

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