Diversified planting method for industrial farmland

Abstract

The invention relates to a diversified planting method for an industrialized farmland, which enables plants to automatically absorb water and a nutrient solution in a natural state through a capillary action principle, so as to realize the industrialization of farmland planting. Three-dimensional farmlands, detachable and combinable movable farmlands, liftable farmlands, wall-mounted farmlands, suspended and long farmlands and intelligent farmlands are innovated, so that the diversified farmlands are planted in workshops, and the farmlands are separated from ground soil to grow in any interval. The adaptability of an industrialized farmland is enhanced through a dimming technology with the function of diverging, converging and changing the intensity of reflected light, a planting method for plants to selectively absorb nutritional ingredients and a method for collecting carbon fertilizer from the atmosphere, and the function of the plant growth base soil is improved by using the plant growth base soil with the water locking function and the water filtering function. The invention relates to a novel agricultural symbol, and the application and the carrying of the novel agricultural symbol must enable human beings to be welfare and free from being hungry all the time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the planting technology of industrialized farmland, and particularly to a diversified planting method for industrialized farmland. Background Art

[0003] At present, in global agricultural development, the main approach is to develop and optimize the utilization of existing cultivated land, farmize scattered land, improve planting technology, enhance soil fertility, and increase grain production efficiency. Inevitably, this leads to an expansion of cultivated land area, a significant increase in the demand for land fertility, and the inevitable use of inorganic fertilizers, which reduces the quality of grains. Long-term use of chemical fertilizers results in a lack of organic matter in cultivated land, soil compaction, and the spread of pests and diseases. Therefore, the following contradictions still exist in global agriculture: 1. The development of cultivated land area decreases year by year, while the demand for food increases year by year; 2. Improving grain quality leads to a decrease in grain production quantity, and increasing grain production leads to a decrease in grain quality; 3. The limited nature of cultivated land development cannot balance the relatively infinite demand for food due to population growth. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention is an innovation and improvement of the existing agricultural planting methods. The main axis technology of the invention is an industrialized planting method that provides nutrients to the plant substrate through capillary action, combined with a three-dimensional soilless cultivation method, a movable farmland that can be disassembled and combined, a liftable farmland, a wall-mounted farmland, a planting method that allows plants to selectively absorb nutrients, a three-dimensional planting method that induces plants to grow suspended by inverting the light source, a light regulation technology that can change the intensity of reflected light through divergence and convergence, an intelligent farmland, a planting method that allows plants to selectively absorb nutrients, a method of collecting carbon fertilizer from the atmosphere, a plant growth substrate with water-locking and water-filtering functions, etc. The combination of these industrialized farmland planting technology packages elevates industrialized farmland planting to a certain level in terms of method, structure, and technical skills, enabling greater expansion space for farmland planting on the basis of being separated from cultivated land, thus breaking the traditional agricultural planting method and bringing about a revolutionary transformation in agricultural planting technology.

[0006] A diversified planting method for industrialized farmland realized by the present invention not only achieves soil-free planting of crops, but also diversifies and industrializes the planting method, and can achieve the following purposes: 1. A diversified planting method for industrialized farmland uses the fiber rope air-water absorption method to provide water and nutrient components for the plant base soil, enabling the plants to absorb the water and nutrient solution on their own under natural conditions, thereby improving the continuous and stable supply of the nutrient solution to the plants and providing good growth and development conditions for the plants; 2. A three-dimensional soilless cultivation planting method expands the planting of plants in a three-dimensional space, and realizes the self-absorption of plants' water and nutrient solution requirements under natural conditions with a simple structure, thereby achieving soil-free planting and scientific farming that saves water; 3. A detachable and combinable mobile farmland unitizes the base soil cultivation components, randomly combines them, and installs them flexibly, making the plant planting flexible; 4. A liftable farmland relies on the support of the aerial framework components and is lifted and lowered by a lift during plant planting, migration, and harvesting, realizing the simplified planting and operation of the three-dimensional farmland; 5. A wall-mounted farmland hangs the base soil cultivation unit on the building wall to expand the plant growth space, fully utilizes the idle resources while beautifying and purifying the environment, and can adjust the temperature, humidity, wind protection, sunshade, and noise elimination of the living environment; 6. A three-dimensional planting method that induces plants to grow suspended by inverting the light source, making the inverted light source induce the plant branches to stretch downward, thereby realizing the suspended growth of three-dimensional planted plants, achieving the superior growth of fruiting crops and saving space; 7. A dimming technology that changes the intensity of reflected light through divergence and convergence, simulates sunlight radiation by diverging and converging the reflection of sunlight by a special reflector, and adjusts the sunlight intensity, thereby getting rid of the restrictions of solar terms and seasons on plant growth; 8. An intelligent farmland enables unmanned operation in the supply and preparation of nutrient solution for the management of industrialized farmland; 9. A planting method that selectively absorbs nutrient components by plants, expands the biological growth mechanism of cultivating special plants by different nourishments of soil components, and develops multiple characteristics with different features of a plant without changing the biological genes; 10. A method of collecting carbon fertilizer from the atmosphere, collecting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through an adsorption carrier, changing carbon dioxide from a gaseous state to a liquid state, and converting it into an energy-rich organic fertilizer, changing it from an air pollutant to a carbon fertilizer; 11. A plant growth base soil with water-locking and water-filtering functions enhances the water-holding function and water-purifying function of the base soil, improves the soil properties, and makes a qualitative improvement in the base soil on which plants depend for survival.

[0007] To this end, the present invention provides a diversified planting method for industrialized farmland, which includes: a. using cotton rope or fiber rope to absorb water through air to provide moisture and nutrients to the base soil of the plant; b. combining the planting method implemented in step a into a three-dimensional layered structure; c. unitizing the assembly implemented in step b to assemble into a detachable, integrable and movable plant planting module; d. combining the unitized components implemented in step c into a liftable component structure; e. applying the liftable components in step d to the surface of the building, and combining them into a wall-mounted farmland by hanging; f. in the application area of ​​steps b, c and d, inverting the light source to induce the plants to hang in the air j. In the application area of ​​step b, step c and step d, the bottom of the three-dimensional planting space is transformed by diverging and converging devices to simulate sunlight radiation; h. Unmanned operation of industrial farmland is realized through automation and intelligent systems; i. Nutrient solution is prepared through the biological growth mechanism of plant growth with different requirements for soil components, so that plants can selectively absorb nutrients; g. Carbon dioxide is collected from the atmosphere through special adsorption carriers, and carbon dioxide is changed from gas to liquid to become an energy-rich organic fertilizer; k. The soil water retention rate is increased by using special base soil with water locking and water filtering functions, water is filtered, and the quality of nutrient solution is improved.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step a, the water absorption function is generated by applying the capillary action, and the fiber rope and cotton threads are interwoven with each other to form dense and developed capillaries that can overcome the earth's gravity during water absorption. The fiber rope air absorption method is used to provide moisture and nutrients to the plant base soil, so that the plant's demand for water and nutrient solution can be absorbed by itself under natural conditions, thereby improving the continuous and stable supply of nutrient solution to the plant and providing the plant with good growth and development conditions.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step b, the base soil cultivation units with the functions of step a are combined and stacked to form a three-dimensional planting form, so that the planting area is expanded several times on the basis of the occupied area. The use of capillary action allows the plant planting to be expanded in a three-dimensional space, and the plant's demand for water and nutrient solution is realized by a simple structure in a natural state, thereby realizing scientific farming that saves land and water.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step c, the base soil cultivation components having the functions of step a and step b are unitized, randomly combined, and flexibly placed so as to have the functions of being able to be spliced, divided, raised or lowered, and made larger or smaller.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the base soil cultivation component with the functions and features of step a, step b, and step c is unitized, and in step d, each unit is softly connected into a three-dimensional combination. Relying on the support of the aerial structure component, it is lifted and lowered by a lifter during plant planting, migration, and harvesting, realizing simplified planting and operation of the three-dimensional farmland.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the base soil cultivation unit with the functions and features of step a, step b, step c, and step d is combined with the overlapping body on the surface of the building wall in step e, presenting a suspended hanging state. The cultivation units are arranged horizontally in rows along the wall and form a vertical three-dimensional planting structure relying on the support of the wall.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step f, according to the phototropic characteristics of plant growth, the light source is placed at the lower part of the growth layer of the three-dimensional planted plants in the application areas of step b, step c, and step d. The light source emits upward to induce the plant branches to stretch downward, thereby realizing the suspended hanging growth of the three-dimensional planting space.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step j, a diffusing and concentrating device is installed at the bottom of the three-dimensional planting space in the application areas of step b, step c, and step d. By changing the intensity of the reflected light through the functions of divergence and convergence, and through the divergence and convergence reflection of sunlight and artificial light by special reflectors, the sunlight radiation is simulated, and the light intensity is adjusted, thereby adjusting the different lighting requirements of plants in different growth periods.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step h, the PLC automation control technology and the DCS intelligent control technology are adopted to realize unmanned operation in the supply and preparation of nutrient solution for industrial farmland management; light sensors are used to intelligently adjust the lighting and the nutrient solution ratio for each growth period of the plants at different heights and different crown diameters of the plants, enabling scientific management of industrial farmland planting to be automated and intelligent.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step i, the nutrient solution is formulated according to the biological growth mechanism of different soil component requirements for plant growth without changing the biological genes, enabling the plants to produce corresponding nutritional functions after absorption, making them have different nutritional components and different nutritional values.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a purifier with carbon dioxide adsorption function is placed at the top of the three-dimensional farmland. Driven by the wind, the universal wind wheel rotates, and the suction force generated by the rotation sucks the natural air into the purifier. At the same time, the air passes through the filter adsorption layer in the purifier sandwich, and the carbon dioxide in the air is adsorbed by the special adsorption function of the adsorbent. When the adsorption is saturated, it is desorbed and collected with clean water and formulated into a nutrient solution of a certain concentration of energy-rich organic matter, and the nutrient solution is used as a carbon fertilizer for plant absorption.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the weak carbonic acid formed by combining carbon dioxide and water is absorbed into the mesophyll cells of plants through capillary action. Through carboxylation reaction, the weak carbonic acid (HCO3) is converted into energy-rich organic substances. Under light conditions, chlorophyll in the plant decomposes HCO3 (decarboxylation reaction) into oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, carbon atoms, and hydrogen ions. In the dark reaction stage, carbon is fixed and undergoes complex changes to form glucose, thus forming the binary assimilation of photosynthesis.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, perlite with a fluffy property is mixed with sandy soil to make a plant growth substrate with water-locking and water-filtering functions. The perlite has a strong water-holding function due to the huge specific surface area and polar characteristics generated by expansion, and the dense capillary pores can filter the nutrient solution absorbed by plants, thereby improving the soil properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the plant substrate carrier of an industrialized farmland diversified planting method according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional planting combination of an industrialized farmland diversified planting method according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the principles of ternary assimilation and binary assimilation of plant photosynthesis of an industrialized farmland diversified planting method according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide absorption device of an industrialized farmland diversified planting method according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of the industrialized farmland structure of an industrialized farmland diversified planting method according to the present invention.

[0025] WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the object of the present invention is achieved through the following means.

[0027] A. Industrialized planting that provides nutrients to the plant substrate through capillary action.

[0028] a. Make a substrate cultivation unit for planting plants through capillary action and assemble it into a complete plant growth carrier.

[0029] Make a bracket made of metal or plastic according to certain specifications (Figure 1-1), open a number of round holes or rectangular holes for supporting the base soil carrier on the bracket according to the plant spacing (Figure 1-2), make a bowl-shaped (or trough-shaped) base soil carrier according to the root development degree of the plant (Figure 1-3), and load the prepared base soil into the base soil carrier (Figure 1-4). Open round holes of a certain specification at the bottom of the bowl (or trough) according to the volume of the base soil carrier (Figure 1-5), and pass a fiber rope of a corresponding diameter through the round hole (Figure 1-6), and pass the rope through a rubber tube (Figure 1-7). The larger the volume of the base soil carrier, the more base soil it loads, the more developed the roots of the plant, the more water the plant absorbs, and the thicker the cotton string required for capillary action. Embed the base soil carrier into the round hole or rectangular hole of the bracket, insert the fiber rope sleeved with the rubber tube into the nutrient solution container (Figure 1-8) and fix it, inject nutrient solution into the nutrient solution container to submerge the inserted fiber rope, plant plant seeds in the base soil in the base soil carrier (Figure 1-9), and make the nutrient solution soak the base soil under the action of capillary force.

[0030] b. Implement the base soil cultivation for planting plants through capillary action.

[0031] After assembling into a complete soilless cultivation device through Embodiment a and implanting plant seeds in the base soil, inject nutrient solution into the nutrient solution tray to submerge the fiber rope inserted into the container. Since the fiber rope is formed by cotton filaments intertwined with each other to form a dense and developed capillary, under the action of capillary force, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution container can overcome the earth's gravity and gradually rise or fall along the fiber rope until it soaks the base soil to saturation. The plant seeds are promoted to germinate by obtaining water and nutrients in the moist base soil, and continuously grow and drill out of the base soil to become small seedlings. The small seedlings naturally absorb the nutrient solution from the base soil according to their own needs for water and nutrients. The loss of the nutrient solution in the base soil is naturally absorbed by the fiber rope into the nutrient solution tray, and the base soil always remains in a moist state. Since the composition of the base soil is a mixture of perlite and sand, the porous structure of perlite has a water storage function, so there will be no root rot due to excessive water or root drying due to insufficient water. The length of the fiber rope inserted into the water is determined according to the interval time of adding nutrient solution. After the liquid level drops to separate from the fiber rope, the humidity of the base soil affects the plant's absorption of nutrients, then turn on the liquid adding pump to add nutrient solution. The small seedlings continue to grow, go through flowering, seed setting, maturity, until the whole process of plant growth is completed.

[0032] B. Adopt diversified planting methods to achieve industrialized plant planting.

[0033] The diversified planting method for industrialized farmland realized by the present invention is characterized in that the plant planting is industrialized and diversified. Seeds are sown in the base soil carrier in the workshop through industrialized means, and then the base soil cultivation units are combined through industrialized operations. Through diversified means, plants can grow in any area under the condition of being separated from the ground cultivated land by virtue of the base soil carrier.

[0034] The substrate cultivation method of growing plants through capillary action is innovated structurally to create a three-dimensional soilless cultivation method. This method is to stack and combine the substrate cultivation units with the above functions, install them in layers (Figure 2), determine the distance between layers according to the growth height of plants (Figure 2-1), and form a three-dimensional planting form. Since the nutrient solution is absorbed by the fiber rope through capillary action, the nutrient solution containers can be shared in multiple rows and columns (Figure 2-2), and the fiber rope covered with a rubber tube is used to absorb it over a long distance. Therefore, the substrate cultivation units can be made denser, and the planting area can be expanded based on the floor area. The utilization of capillary action enables plants to grow under the condition of being separated from the soil, and through the three-dimensional space expansion, the plants can absorb water and nutrient solution by themselves with a simple structure, thus realizing scientific farming that saves land and water.

[0035] Through the innovation in the way of substrate cultivation and three-dimensional planting technologies, a movable farmland that can be disassembled and combined is created. This way is to unitize the substrate cultivation components, randomly combine them, and install them flexibly. They can be combined and stacked, connected into pieces, disassembled and broken into parts, can be high or low, large or small. They can be installed on flat ground, or on high mountains, desolate ridges, beach heads, tail dams, corners, street corners, large areas such as broad grasslands, hills, and deserts, and small areas such as residential communities, living rooms, and rooftop yards. As long as there is a gap, it can become a place where plants grow in clusters.

[0036] The substrate cultivation components are made into unit rows of different lengths (Figure 2-3), and each unit row is flexibly connected (Figure 2-4) into a three-dimensional combination, and is strung and suspended relying on the bracket function of the aerial framework components (Figure 2-5) to assemble into a liftable farmland. During the period of plant planting, migration, pruning, and harvesting, it is lifted and lowered through a winch hoist (Figure 2-6) to realize the simplified planting and operation of the three-dimensional farmland.

[0037] By relying on the combination of the substrate cultivation units on the surface of the building wall lap joint, it is converted into a wall-mounted farmland in a suspended hanging state. The cultivation units are arranged horizontally in rows along the wall and form a vertical three-dimensional planting structure relying on the support of the wall. This method makes full use of idle resources while beautifying and purifying the environment, and can adjust the temperature, humidity of the living environment, block wind and shade, and eliminate noise.

[0038] Different plant varieties have different nutrient components in their roots, stems, leaves and fruits, and the nutrients they absorb are also different. According to the characteristics that different plant growth mechanisms have different requirements for soil nutrients, the nutrient solution components are selectively prepared for plants. By adding nutrients and trace elements to the nutrient solution, plants can have various characteristics without changing their biological genes, with different nutritional values. Trace elements such as calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium in plants reach the required standards by metering and adding them to the nutrient solution, producing nutrient varieties rich in calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, etc., with special values.

[0039] Plants that grow through photosynthesis generally have phototropism. There is light-loving pigment hidden in the branches and leaf tips of plants, and they grow along the direction of light under the irradiation of visible light. Since the structure of vertical planting consists of multiple layers, the light on the upper part of each layer is blocked by the base soil carrier of the upper layer. Therefore, the lower-layer plants can only obtain light from the side, and the branches and leaf tips of the plants will stretch obliquely. According to this characteristic, in order to achieve the purpose of saving space, at night, the light source (electric lamp) is placed at the lower part of the growth layer of vertically planted plants, so that the light source irradiates from bottom to top. The inverted light source induces the branches of the plants to stretch downward, so as to realize the suspended elongation of the vertical planting space, achieve the superior growth of fruiting crops, and save space.

[0040] The obliquity of the ecliptic is one of the causes of the precession of the Earth. It is also the main reason for the annual change in the length of the apparent solar day and the fundamental cause of the four seasons and the five zones on the Earth. The obliquity of the ecliptic will affect natural phenomena, causing the annual change of the direct solar point to move back and forth between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn on the Earth, so that the annual temperature difference is balanced throughout the year at the obliquity of the ecliptic. Since the noon solar altitude and the length of day and night change regularly throughout the year, the alternation of the four seasons is formed, and it affects the scope of the five zones. Therefore, the arrangement of the twenty-four solar terms is closely related to the obliquity of the ecliptic. In order to relieve the influence of the change of the obliquity of the ecliptic of the sun on the growth period of crops, this method adopts a light regulation technology with the function of diverging and converging to change the intensity of reflected light, so that the different requirements of plants for light intensity in different growth periods or the different requirements of different plants for solar radiation can be adjusted. The convex reflector diverges and reflects the sunlight, expanding the area receiving the reflected light. The concave reflector converges and reflects the sunlight, reducing the area receiving the reflected light and increasing the intensity of the reflected light. By simulating solar radiation, the sunlight intensity is adjusted, the obliquity of the ecliptic of the sun is changed, and thus the selective adjustment of plants to solar terms and seasons is realized.

[0041] In order to achieve scientific management in the operation of industrialized farmland, this method adopts automated control technology and intelligent control technology to realize automation and intelligence during operation. The use of PLC automated control technology makes the operation programmed, enabling the management of industrialized farmland to automatically switch and execute through program editing in terms of nutrient solution supply and process transformation, thereby achieving unmanned operation; the adoption of light sensor intelligent control technology enables the automatic allocation and adjustment of the nutrient solution requirements and light intensity changes during each growth period of the plants through measurement under the induction of the reflected and diffracted light at each node of the plant height and plant crown diameter, realizing intelligent scientific management of industrialized farmland planting.

[0042] C. Obtain carbon fertilizer resources from the atmosphere and formulate carbon fertilizer into plant nutrient solution.

[0043] The fertilizers used in traditional agriculture were mainly farmyard organic fertilizers, and crops absorbed the organic fertilizers to produce pollution-free grains. However, with the rapid increase in the global population, the limited production capacity of traditional agriculture is difficult to meet the ever-increasing food demand, and the limited farmyard fertilizers are far from sufficient to meet the nutrient supply of crops. To alleviate this contradiction, chemical fertilizers came into being. Ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, etc. are widely used, resulting in the lack of soil organic matter and the prevalence of pests and diseases.

[0044] Carbon dioxide is the main raw material for crops to carry out photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide fertilization is a new technology with extremely remarkable crop yield increase efficiency. Traditional carbon dioxide fertilization is to assimilate the carbon dioxide absorbed from the air (Figure 3-1) and the water absorbed from the soil (Figure 3-2) through green leaves through photosynthesis into organic matter, and convert solar energy into chemical energy (Figure 3-3) and store it therein, and then convert it into glucose and fiber (Figure 3-4). This photosynthesis is a ternary assimilation. The weak carbonic acid formed by the combination of carbon dioxide and water generates energy-rich organic matter (HCO3) through carboxylation reaction in the plant mesophyll cells (Figure 3-5). This energy-rich organic matter is a small molecule organic carbon element and is easily absorbed by the plant roots. Under light conditions, chlorophyll in the plant decomposes HCO3 (decarboxylation reaction) (Figure 3-6) into oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, carbon atoms, and hydrogen ions. The ionized oxygen atoms (Figure 3-7) are released through the capillary pores on the plant leaf surface, and the hydrogen ions (Figure 3-8) are converted into various enzymes (Figure 3-9) to provide reduction energy for the dark reaction. In the dark reaction stage, some three-carbon compounds (Figure 3-10) form glucose (Figure 3-11) through complex changes, and some other three-carbon compounds are recombined to form five-carbon compounds (Figure 3-12), thus enabling the dark reaction to continue continuously. The photosynthesis of plants absorbing energy-rich organic matter from the soil is a binary assimilation. Both ternary assimilation and binary assimilation are photosynthesis, and the photosynthesis of binary assimilation is more stable, more direct, and more efficient. Therefore, collecting the carbon dioxide latent in the atmosphere is a continuous source of nutrition for plants.

[0045] In this embodiment, a carbon dioxide purifier (shown in Figure 4-1) is installed on top of a three-dimensional farmland. Driven by the wind, the universal wind wheel (shown in Figure 4-2) rotates. The suction force generated by the rotation draws natural air into the purifier. At the same time, the air passes through the filter adsorption layer (shown in Figure 4-3) in the sandwich of the purifier. The carbon dioxide in the air is adsorbed by the special adsorption function of the adsorbent. The air enters from the outer periphery of the purifier (shown in Figure 4-4), gathers in the central cylinder of the purifier (shown in Figure 4-5), and is discharged under the suction of the wind wheel (shown in Figure 4-6). After adsorption saturation, it is desorbed and collected with clean water and then mixed into the nutrient solution in a certain proportion. When carbon dioxide changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state, its properties change, turning into small-molecule organic carbon elements, making it a kind of energy-rich organic fertilizer. It is formulated into a nutrient solution (with the pH value maintained between 5 and 6), enabling the photosynthesis of plants to absorb carbon dioxide to change from ternary assimilation to binary assimilation. Plants absorb carbon dioxide more directly and quickly, and carbon dioxide, which was originally the culprit of climate change, becomes a carbon fertilizer that benefits humanity, becoming the source of fertilizer that provides the main nutrients for industrialized farmland.

[0046] D. Prepare a base soil with water-locking and water-purifying functions.

[0047] The soil on which plants depend for survival is composed of clay and sand particles. It is the carrier for transporting water and nutrients to the plant roots. In order to make the planting carrier have both a transport function, a water-holding function, and a filtration and purification function, this embodiment uses a plant growth base soil with water-locking and water-filtration functions. This base soil is made by mixing perlite with a fluffy property and sandy soil to form a plant growth base soil. The perlite has a strong water-holding function due to the huge surface area and polar characteristics generated by its expansion, can store water, keep the base soil moist, and maintain the balance of the dryness and wetness of the base soil, continuously providing nutrients to the plant roots. The dense capillary pores can play a role in assisting the filtration of the nutrient solution absorbed by plants, becoming a kind of filter and decontaminant, filtering molecular compounds, fine particles, algae, and bacteria, and purifying the nutrient solution, thereby improving the soil properties. Since perlite has a fluffy structure and the voids formed by the accumulation of particles are large, which is not conducive to water transportation, it is necessary to combine it with small-particle clay and sand particles to prepare the base soil. The mixing ratio standard is prepared according to the water-loving degree of the plants. Generally, for plants with stronger water-loving properties, the ratio of perlite to clay and sand particles is less than 1, and for plants with weaker water-loving properties, the ratio of perlite to clay and sand particles is greater than 1. The prepared base soil is filled into the base soil carrier, and a capillary action water absorption component is prepared to make a soilless cultivation unit.

[0048] To sum up, a diversified planting method for industrialized farmland, planting in workshops, growing in any area, does not compete with farmers for arable land, does not compete with the land for nutrients, a thousand acres of idle land can be turned into tens of thousands of acres of fertile land, random combination, and flexible placement can be combined into tens of thousands of hectares growing in the vast wilderness, or decomposed into a few small pieces to nourish the bedroom and kitchen, without wasting a drop of water, not losing a grain of rice, not restricted by geography, not restricted by seasons, capturing carbon dioxide from the air, and obtaining a steady supply of organic fertilizer while purifying the atmosphere, turning the culprit of climate change into a useful material for the benefit of mankind. It is a symbol of a new type of agriculture, and its application and development will surely make human well-being permanent and say goodbye to famine forever. Example

[0049] The method of the present invention will be described in more detail by the following examples, but these examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0050] Build industrialized diversified farmland on open flat land.

[0051] The implementation project is located in Beijing, which is located in the northern temperate zone and has a temperate monsoon climate. It is hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter, short in spring and autumn, and frost-free for 180-200 days throughout the year. The temperature in winter is below 0 degrees. Except for winter wheat, other plants cannot grow in winter. Therefore, ordinary crops are planted from April to November each year, and winter wheat is planted from November to April. The three-dimensional farmland is planned according to an area of ​​10,000 square meters, and the three-dimensional device units are arranged in rows (Figure 5-1). Considering the maximum use of sunlight, the rows are arranged in an east-west direction, with a row spacing of 1 meter (Figure 5-2). The embedded parts are buried in the ground every 6 meters from east to west. The steel pipe bracket is set up at a height of 6-10 meters. The bottom of the bracket is connected to the embedded parts (welded or screwed). The top is welded with steel pipes from the starting point to the end to form the top rack (Figure 5-3). A steel pipe column is connected to the ground every 6 meters. The rows are arranged in rows, and the longitudinal reinforcement is set at intervals of 6-12 meters. The three-dimensional farmland structure is fixed into a whole by connecting and fixing the steel pipes extending from the top to the longitudinal reinforcements between rows.

[0052] A substrate cultivation unit for growing plants by capillary action is fabricated according to Embodiment A and assembled into a complete plant growth carrier. According to Embodiment B, the substrate cultivation components are made into unit rows with a length of 6 meters, and each unit row is flexibly connected (shown in Figure 5-4). Relying on the supporting effect of the aerial framework components, they are suspended vertically in series, and the hoisting winches fixed on the top rack (shown in Figure 5-5) are used to raise or lower each layer of the suspended components, assembling into a liftable farmland. The distance between layers is determined according to the height of the plants at maturity for each layer. Since each layer of components is a detachable unit, the height can be adjusted. According to the sun-loving or shade-loving properties of the plants, they are arranged vertically. The sun-loving plants (shown in Figure 5-6) are arranged in the upper part with good lighting conditions, and the shade-loving plants (shown in Figure 5-7) are arranged in the lower part with poor lighting conditions. The nutrient solution container is a square tube or a round tube (shown in Figure 5-8). The tube head is provided with a liquid inlet nozzle (shown in Figure 5-9) and an overflow nozzle (shown in Figure 5-10). The overflow nozzle is opened at the upper limit position of the nutrient solution. Several fiber rope insertion openings are opened in the upper part of the nutrient solution tube (shown in Figure 5-11). The inserted length of the fiber rope extends below the lower limit position of the nutrient solution, and the other end of the fiber rope is inserted into the bottom round hole of the substrate carrier (shown in Figure 5-12).

[0053] After assembling into a complete soilless cultivation carrier according to Embodiments A and a, and implanting plant seeds in the substrate, nutrient solution is injected into the nutrient solution tray to submerge the fiber ropes inserted into the container. Since the fiber ropes are formed by cotton filaments intertwined with each other to form a dense and developed capillary rope, under the capillary action, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution container can overcome the earth's gravity and gradually rise along the fiber ropes until it soaks the substrate and reaches saturation. Because the nutrient solution is absorbed by the fiber ropes through capillary action, the nutrient solution containers can be shared by multiple rows and columns, and can be remotely absorbed through the fiber ropes covered with rubber tubes. Therefore, the substrate cultivation units can be made dense, and the planting area can be expanded based on the occupied area. The plant seeds germinate by obtaining water and nutrients in the moist substrate and grow continuously, breaking through the substrate to become small seedlings. The small seedlings naturally absorb the nutrient solution from the substrate according to their own needs for water and nutrients. The loss of the nutrient solution in the substrate is naturally absorbed by the fiber ropes back to the nutrient solution tray, and the substrate always remains in a moist state, neither suffering from root rot due to excessive water nor withering roots due to insufficient water. The length of the fiber ropes inserted into the water is determined according to the interval time of adding nutrient solution. When the liquid level drops below the fiber ropes, the humidity of the substrate affects the plants' absorption of nutrients, and then the liquid adding pump is turned on to add nutrient solution. The small seedlings grow continuously, go through flowering, seeding, and maturity until the entire process of plant growth is completed.

[0054] According to the phototropic characteristics of plant growth, to achieve the effect of facilitating the optimal growth of fruiting crops and saving space, the planting of fruiting plants is arranged in the growth layer of shade-loving plants, and the light source is placed in the lower part of the growth layer of three-dimensional planted plants, so that the light source irradiates from bottom to top. The inverted light source induces the branches of the plants to stretch downward, thereby realizing the suspended vertical growth of the three-dimensional planting space.

[0055] In order to be able to relieve the influence of the change of the solar ecliptic obliquity on the growth period of crops, in this embodiment, a light control technology that can diverge and converge to change the intensity of reflected light is adopted to adjust the different requirements of plants for light intensity in different growth periods or the different requirements of different plants for solar radiation. A stretchable device made of mirror stainless steel that can be bent into an arch shape and also bent into a concave shape is used. The convex feature of the arch device reflects sunlight to implement divergent reflection, expanding the area receiving the reflected light. The concave reflector implements multi-directional convergent reflection on sunlight, increasing the intensity of the reflected light. By simulating sunlight radiation, the sunlight intensity is adjusted, and the influence of the solar ecliptic obliquity on the ground light intensity is changed, so as to realize the selective adjustment of plants to solar terms and seasons.

[0056] In order to achieve scientific management in the operation of industrialized farmland, in this embodiment, automation control technology and intelligent control technology are adopted to achieve automation in operation. The PLC automation control technology is used to make the operation programmed, realizing unmanned operation in the supply of nutrient solution and process transformation in the management of industrialized farmland; the intelligent control technology of light sensors is adopted to automatically allocate and adjust the nutrient solution demand and light intensity in each growth period of the plants, realizing intelligent scientific management in the planting of industrialized farmland.

[0057] Because the three-dimensional farmland is tall, the air pressure in the upper part is lower than that in the lower part, and the air shows an upward flow trend. Because the wind speed is high at high altitudes, a carbon dioxide purifier is installed on the top of the three-dimensional farmland. Driven by the wind, the universal wind wheel rotates, and the suction force generated by the rotation sucks natural air into the purifier. At the same time, the air passes through the filter adsorption layer in the interlayer of the purifier, and the carbon dioxide in the air is adsorbed by the special adsorption function of the adsorbent. After adsorption saturation, it is desorbed by clean water and collected and mixed into the nutrient solution in a certain proportion.

[0058] According to the different water-loving characteristics of plants, the base soil for the growth of plants with stronger water-loving characteristics is prepared with a ratio of perlite to clay and sand grains less than 1, and the base soil for the growth of plants with weaker water-loving characteristics is prepared with a ratio of perlite to clay and sand grains greater than 1. This not only has the functions of water locking and water purification, but also makes the base soil loose, which is more conducive to plant growth.

[0059] Equipment investment and operation cost

[0060] 1. Investment costs for the three-dimensional planting facility: The facility has a multi-layer hanging string rack structure. Each layer of the bracket supports a layer of plant growth trays. The width of each tray is 0.4m, and the layer spacing depends on the height of the plants. In this plan, the layer spacing is designed to be 1m, and the number of layers is 10. The three-dimensional planting method is used to grow crops, cash crops, and medicinal materials. Due to Beijing's geographical location in the north temperate zone, with a temperate monsoon climate, high temperatures and abundant rainfall in summer, cold and dry in winter, short spring and autumn, and an annual frost-free period of 180 - 200 days, and the winter temperature is below 0 degrees. Therefore, except for saplings and winter wheat that can overwinter, other plants cannot grow in winter. So, common crops are planted from April to November, and winter wheat is planted from November to April.

[0061] The width of each row of plant growth trays is 0.4 meters, and the spacing between rows is 1 meter. An area of 10,000 square meters is divided into 100m * 100m, with a total of 71 rows. The area of each layer of trays is 7,100 square meters, and for 10 layers, it is 71,000 square meters, totaling 106 mu. The facility cost per square meter is calculated at 100 yuan, with a total investment of 7.1 million yuan.

[0062] 2. Operating costs:

[0063] Seeds, fertilizers, and labor: Calculated at 5 yuan / m 2 It amounts to 355,000 yuan.

[0064] II. Production capacity and income

[0065] 1. Common crops are rice, wheat, and vegetables; cash crops are medicinal materials; winter crops are winter wheat:

[0066] 1). (One season of medicinal materials or two seasons of rice, wheat, and vegetables are planted from April to November, and winter wheat is planted from November to April). 1 / 3 of the area is planted with medicinal materials, that is, 35 mu, with a production capacity of 10,000 kg / mu for medicinal materials, and the total output is 350 tons; for the remaining area, 1 / 2 is planted with two seasons of rice and wheat. The production capacity of wheat and rice is 1,000 kg / mu, with a total output of 70 tons. The rest of the area is planted with vegetables, with a production capacity of 10,000 kg / mu, that is, 700 tons. From November to April, all areas are planted with winter wheat, with a production capacity of 600 kg / mu, totaling 63 tons.

[0067] 2. Income:

[0068] 1). Medicinal materials: 350 tons / year, with a unit price of 10,000 yuan / ton, totaling 3.5 million yuan;

[0069] 2). Leafy vegetables: 700 tons, with a unit price of 3,000 yuan, totaling 2.1 million yuan;

[0070] 3). Rice and wheat: 70 tons, with a unit price of 3,000 yuan, totaling 210,000 yuan;

[0071] 4) Winter wheat: 63 tons, with a unit price of 3,000 yuan, totaling 189,000 yuan.

[0072] Total annual output income: 6 million yuan.

[0073] The total project investment is 7.455 million yuan, with an annual income of 6 million yuan. The total investment can be recovered in one and a half years. After recovering the investment, the annual net profit is greater than 6 million yuan, with a net profit of 56,000 yuan per mu.

Claims

1. A diversified planting method for industrial farmland, the method include: a. Through the principle of capillary action, cotton rope or fiber rope is used to absorb water through air to provide water and nutrients to the base soil of the plant; b. Combining industrialized planting methods into a three-dimensional layered structure; c. Unitize the components of the three-dimensional layered structure into units and assemble them into a detachable, integrable and movable plant planting module; d. Combine unitized modules into a liftable component structure; e. Apply liftable components to the surface of buildings and combine them into wall-mounted farmland by hanging; f. In the diversified application areas of three-dimensional farmland, invert the light source to induce plants to grow in the air; j. In the diversified application areas of three-dimensional farmland, the bottom of the planting space is transformed by divergent and convergent devices to simulate sunlight radiation; h. Realize unmanned operation of industrial farmland through automation and intelligent systems; i. Prepare nutrient solution through the biological growth mechanism of plant growth with different requirements for soil components, so that plants can selectively absorb nutrients; g. Collect carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through special adsorption carriers, change carbon dioxide from gas to liquid and change it into an energy-rich organic fertilizer; k. Improve soil moisture retention by using base soil with water-locking function, and improve the quality of nutrient solution by using base soil with water purification function.

2. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland described in claim 1, the application of the water absorption function produced by capillary action is to use the fiber rope and cotton silk interwoven with each other to form dense and developed capillaries that can overcome the earth's gravity during water absorption, so that the plants' needs for water and nutrient solution can be absorbed by themselves under natural conditions through capillary action.

3. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland as described in claim 1, the three-dimensional planting form is to combine and / or stack multiple base soil cultivation units with capillary function to expand the planting area on the basis of the occupied area, and its purpose is to achieve scientific farming that saves land and water.

4. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland described in claim 1, the combination function is to unitize the base soil cultivation components with the base soil cultivation unit combination and stacking function, which can be spliced, disassembled, randomly combined, and flexibly placed, so that it has the combination function of being able to be formed into pieces, divisible, high or low, large or small.

5. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland in claim 1, the liftable farmland is a three-dimensional combination of each layer of base soil cultivation unit with upper and lower structures softly connected, supported by aerial structure components, and lifted and lowered by a lifter during plant planting, migration and harvesting.

6. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland in claim 1, the wall-mounted farmland is a combination of each layer of base soil cultivation unit and the overlapping body on the surface of the building wall through a soft connection, which is in a suspended hanging state. The cultivation units are arranged horizontally along the wall in rows and supported by the wall to form a vertical three-dimensional planting structure.

7. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland described in claim 1, the suspended length is based on the phototropism characteristics of plant growth. In the diversified three-dimensional planting area, the light source is placed at the lower part of the three-dimensional planting plant growth layer. The light source emits upward to induce the plant branches to extend downward, thereby realizing the suspended length of the three-dimensional planting space.

8. According to the diversified planting method of industrial farmland in claim 1, the different demands of plants for light in different growth periods are adjusted by installing a convex light-scattering device for reflecting light and a concave light-condensing device for converging light at the bottom of the three-dimensional planting space; Its characteristics are Transform the intensity of reflected light by diverging and converging; Its function is to simulate sunlight radiation and adjust sunlight intensity through the divergent and convergent reflection of sunlight and artificial light by special reflectors, thereby adjusting the different light needs of plants in different growth stages.

9. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland as described in claim 1, the automatic management of industrialized farmland adopts PLC automatic control technology to realize unmanned operation of industrialized farmland management from the supply and preparation of nutrient solution; the intelligent management adopts DCS intelligent control technology, relying on light sensors to intelligently adjust the light at different growth heights and crown diameters of plants in each growth period, and adjust the use of nutrient solution in each growth period of plants.

10. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland as described in claim 1, the selective absorption of nutrients by plants is achieved by adjusting the nutrient solution according to the biological growth mechanism of the plants' different requirements for soil components in different growth stages, so that the plants absorb nutrients according to the designed standards and produce corresponding nutritional functions, so that they have the set nutritional components and nutritional values.

11. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland as described in claim 1, the carbon dioxide is captured from the atmosphere by placing a purifier with a carbon dioxide adsorption function on the top of a three-dimensional farmland, and driving it to rotate under the action of wind through a universal wind wheel. The suction force generated by the rotation draws natural air into the purifier, and at the same time, the air passes through the filter adsorption layer of the purifier interlayer, and the carbon dioxide in the air is adsorbed by the special adsorption function of the adsorbent. When the adsorption is saturated, it is desorbed by clean water.

12. According to the diversified planting method of industrialized farmland as described in claim 1, the carbon dioxide is prepared into an energy-rich organic nutrient solution, which is to use water to desorb the carbon dioxide to make a solution with a pH value between 5 and 6. Because the solution is a small molecule organic matter of carbon element, it is used as a carbon fertilizer for plant absorption.

13. A diversified planting method for industrialized farmland according to claim 1 and claim 12, wherein the binary assimilation photosynthesis is that the organic small molecules of carbon elements formed by the combination of carbon dioxide and water generate energy-rich organic substances through carboxylation reactions in the mesophyll cells of plants. Under light conditions, chlorophyll in the plant body decomposes HCO3 to form a decarboxylation reaction to generate oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, carbon atoms, and hydrogen ions. The ionized oxygen atoms are released through the capillary pores on the plant leaf surface, and the hydrogen ions are converted into various enzymes to provide reduction energy for the dark reaction. In the dark reaction stage, some three-carbon compounds undergo complex changes to form glucose, and some other three-carbon compounds are recombined to form five-carbon compounds, so that the dark reaction continuously proceeds to form binary assimilation.

14. A diversified planting method for industrialized farmland according to claim 1, wherein the plant growth substrate with water-locking function and nutrient solution purification function is prepared by mixing perlite with a fluffy property and sandy soil to form a plant growth substrate with water-locking function and ion filtration function. Characterized in that The perlite has a strong water-holding function due to the huge specific surface area and polar characteristics generated by its expansion, and the dense capillary pores can filter the nutrient solution absorbed by plants.

15. A diversified planting method for industrialized farmland according to claim 1 and claim 14. According to the different water-loving properties of plants, the substrate for growing plants with stronger water-loving properties is prepared into a special substrate with a ratio of perlite to clay and sand grains less than or equal to 1, and the substrate for growing plants with weaker water-loving properties is prepared into a special substrate with a ratio of perlite to clay and sand grains greater than or equal to 1.

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