Planing table type milling and boring machining center

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool equipment, and particularly relates to a planing table type milling and boring machining center which comprises a machine tool body, a stand column, a boring head and a spindle box, the boring head comprises a connector and a tool apron, the connector comprises a connecting part, a taper shank is arranged at one end of the connecting part and provided with an axially concentric shaft seat, and the shaft seat is sleeved with a visual scale assembly capable of rotating around the axis of the shaft seat. A fixing part is installed at the other end of the connecting part, one end of the fixing part is slidably connected with the tool apron, a driving assembly for driving the tool apron to move is arranged at the other end of the fixing part, and a gear set for driving the visual scale assembly to rotate is installed in an inner cavity of the connecting part and is in driving connection with the driving assembly through a clutch component; the clutch component controls the driving assembly to be meshed with or separated from the gear set. The dial and the transmission system are designed in a decoupling mode, and the dial is allowed to be calibrated independently when the tool apron is static. By means of the design, the problem that precision is reduced due to abrasion of a transmission system in the long-term use process is solved, and long-term maintenance of the precision is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool equipment, and specifically relates to a planer-type milling and boring machining center. Background Art

[0002] A planer-type milling and boring machining center is a high-precision numerical control machine tool that combines milling and boring functions and is suitable for machining complex parts. Its structure is usually a single-column, horizontal bed, and side-mounted spindle box design. A boring tool is a type of boring cutter used on a planer-type milling and boring machining center for semi-finishing or finishing existing holes. When boring a hole, in order to improve the dimensional accuracy of the machined hole, the working radius of the boring tool needs to be accurately adjusted.

[0003] Chinese Utility Model Patent with Publication No. CN217647511U discloses an integrated precision transmission boring head, which includes a boring head body, a blade seat slide and a blade seat. A blade is provided on the blade seat. The blade seat and the blade seat slide are set as an integrated structure, and the blade seat slide is connected to the boring head body; a threaded hole is provided on the boring head body, an adjusting screw is provided in the threaded hole, a transmission nut is connected to the adjusting screw, and the transmission nut passes through the boring head body and is connected to the blade seat slide. A long-strip adjusting hole is provided on the side of the blade seat slide; a dial is provided at the end of the adjusting screw, and the dial is embedded in the threaded hole.

[0004] Although the above technical solution simplifies the structure and improves the adjustment efficiency, the dial and the blade seat are bound in the same transmission system. Therefore, the dial cannot be decoupled from the transmission system, and the dial cannot be independently zero-calibrated when the blade seat is stationary, which affects the long-term precision maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a planer-type milling and boring machining center, aiming to solve the problem that the dial cannot be decoupled from the transmission system, which is convenient for precision maintenance.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a planer-type milling and boring machining center, which includes a bed, a column, a boring head and a spindle box. The column is fixed at one end of the bed, the spindle box is slidably connected to the column, and the boring head is fixed to one end of the spindle of the spindle box; the boring head includes a connecting head and a tool holder. The connecting head includes a connecting portion. One end of the connecting portion is provided with a taper shank, and the taper shank is fixedly connected to the spindle. The taper shank is provided with an axially concentric shaft seat, and a visual scale assembly capable of rotating around its axis is sleeved on the shaft seat. The other end of the connecting portion is provided with a fixing portion. One end of the fixing portion is slidably connected to the tool holder, and the other end of the fixing portion is provided with a driving assembly for driving the displacement of the tool holder. A gear set for driving the rotation of the visual scale assembly is installed in the inner cavity of the connecting portion. The gear set is drivingly connected to the driving assembly through a clutch member, and the clutch member controls the engagement or separation of the driving assembly and the gear set to achieve power decoupling.

[0007] Preferably, the driving assembly includes a worm, a first bevel gear, and a second bevel gear. The worm is installed on the end face of the fixed part. One end of the worm is fixed with an adjusting end cap. The shaft body of the worm is slidably installed with a symmetrically arranged first claw disc and a second claw disc. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are symmetrically installed on the shaft body of the worm and are both meshed with the gear set. Tooth grooves matching the first claw disc and the second claw disc are provided at the ends of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear. The clutch component controls the axial positions of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear to achieve meshing or separation from the gear set.

[0008] Preferably, the clutch component includes an adjusting pin. A guiding groove is provided on the end face of the fixed part. The adjusting pin is installed in the guiding groove. The adjusting pin is fixed with a dial block. The fork tines at both ends of the dial block are respectively clamped with the outer edges of the first claw disc and the second claw disc.

[0009] Preferably, the gear set includes a central shaft installed in the inner cavity of the connecting part. A disc-shaped gear is fixed at the shaft end of the central shaft. The disc-shaped gear is meshed with the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear. A second sector gear is fixed on the shaft body of the central shaft. A first sector gear meshing with the second sector gear is hinged to the top wall of the inner cavity of the connecting part. A ratchet wheel is installed on the shaft body of the central shaft through a one-way bearing. A first ratchet pawl abuting against the ratchet wheel is installed at one end of the second sector gear. A second ratchet pawl abuting against the ratchet wheel is installed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the connecting part. A driving wheel connected with a visual scale component is provided on one side of the first sector gear.

[0010] Preferably, the visual scale component adopts a laminated structure design, which is sequentially an adjusting disc, a reference disc, and a scale disc from top to bottom. One end of the shaft seat is fixed with a cover plate pressing the adjusting disc axially to axially press the visual scale component and limit the overall axial movement of the visual scale component.

[0011] Preferably, a long circular hole communicating with its inner cavity is provided on the end face of the connecting part. An eccentric cavity is provided at one end of the scale disc. A driving disc is embedded in the eccentric cavity. An annular sliding groove axially concentric with the shaft seat is provided on the end face of one end of the driving disc. The driving wheel passes through the long circular hole and is embedded in the annular sliding groove.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the tool holder is provided with a slider. A threaded rod is installed in the middle of the slider through a bearing. A worm gear meshing with the worm is provided on the rod body of the threaded rod. The fixed part is provided with a limiting cavity. The worm gear is embedded in the limiting cavity.

[0013] Preferably, a dovetail groove is provided at one end of the fixed part. The slider is embedded in the dovetail groove. A wedge block is inserted into the gap between the slider and the dovetail groove.

[0014] Preferably, the first jaw plate and the second jaw plate are slidably mounted on the shaft body of the worm through flat keys to achieve circumferential positioning and axial sliding.

[0015] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The decoupling design of the dial and the drive system allows the dial to be independently zeroed and calibrated when the tool holder is stationary. This design avoids the problem of accuracy degradation caused by wear of the drive system during long-term use and facilitates the long-term maintenance of accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the boring head; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the adjusting disk; Figure 4 is Figure 3 a partial schematic diagram at A in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the disk-shaped gear; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the drive disk; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the first pawl and the second pawl; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the working of the disk-shaped gear; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the drive assembly; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive assembly; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dial block; Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool holder; Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the boring tool; Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the wedge block.

[0018] Reference numerals: 1 - bed body, 2 - column, 3 - boring head, 4 - main shaft, 5 - headstock, 6 - boring tool, 7 - transverse hole, 8 - tool holder, 9 - fixing part, 10 - dial, 11 - reference disk, 12 - adjusting disk, 13 - cover plate, 15 - taper shank, 16 - shaft seat, 17 - connecting part, 18 - connector, 19 - first fixing hole, 20 - driving disk, 21 - positioning hole, 22 - locking hole, 23 - first guiding hole, 24 - first locking pin, 25 - second guiding hole, 26 - pushing stop hole, 27 - first spring, 28 - end cap, 29 - first threaded hole, 30 - first set screw, 31 - central shaft, 32 - driving wheel, 33 - oblong hole, 34 - first sector gear, 35 - ratchet wheel, 36 - disk gear, 37 - second sector gear, 38 - annular sliding groove, 39 - eccentric cavity, 40 - first ratchet pawl, 41 - second ratchet pawl, 42 - one - way bearing, 43 - dovetail groove, 44 - driving assembly, 45 - adjusting pin, 46 - shifting block, 47 - worm, 48 - first claw plate, 49 - adjusting end cap, 50 - first bevel gear, 51 - clamping groove, 52 - second threaded hole, 53 - second set screw, 54 - second spring, 55 - second locking pin, 56 - third guiding hole, 57 - second bevel gear, 58 - second claw plate, 59 - flat key, 60 - threaded rod, 61 - slider, 62 - worm gear, 63 - wedge block, 64 - first locking bolt, 65 - guiding rod, 66 - limiting cavity, 67 - second locking bolt, 68 - mounting hole, 69 - second fixing hole, 70 - fourth guiding hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present invention and are not configured to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by showing examples of the present invention.

[0020] The directional terms appearing in the following description are all the directions shown in the drawings and do not limit the specific structure of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0021] An embodiment of the present invention provides a planer - type milling and boring machining center, including a machine bed 1, a column 2, and a spindle box 5. As Figure 1 shown, the column 2 is vertically installed at one end of the machine bed 1, and the spindle box 5 is connected to the guide rail of the column 2 through a slider to achieve Z - axis feeding. One end of the spindle box 5 is provided with a spindle 4, and the boring head 3 is fixed to the end of the spindle 4 through taper fit.

[0022] As Figure 2 shown, the boring head 3 includes a connecting head 18 and a tool holder 8 for replacing boring tools 6. The connecting head 18 includes a connecting portion 17. An axially concentric taper shank 15 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting portion 17, and the taper shank 15 is in taper fit with the spindle 4. A fixing portion 9 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the connecting portion 17, and the lower end of the fixing portion 9 is slidably connected to the tool holder 8.

[0023] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, an axially concentric shaft seat 16 is arranged on the shank of the taper shank 15, and a visual scale component capable of rotating around its axis is installed on the shaft seat 16. The visual scale component adopts a laminated structure design, and is successively composed of an adjusting disk 12, a reference disk 11, and a scale disk 10 from top to bottom. The reference disk 11 serves as an adjustment reference surface, and a marking line is provided on its outer surface. The scale disk 10 is a display layer, and continuous scales are arranged on its outer peripheral surface. Initially, the zero point of the scale of the scale disk 10 is aligned with the marking line of the reference disk 11, and both sides of the zero point are positive and negative scales, with the positive scale marked in black and the negative scale marked in red. During adjustment, the relative position between the marking line and the current scale can visualize the adjustment amount, facilitating the staff to more quickly understand the adjustment size, thereby effectively saving the tool setting time. The cover plate 13 is fixed to the upper end of the shaft seat 16 through bolts to axially compress the visual scale component, restricting the overall axial movement of the visual scale component and ensuring the stability of scale display during the adjustment process.

[0024] The adjusting disk 12 locks the reference disk 11 to the shaft seat 16 through a first locking pin 24 to achieve position locking and prevent the marking line from shifting. A push - stop hole 26 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the adjusting disk 12, and a second guiding hole 25 communicating with the push - stop hole 26 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the adjusting disk 12. The reference disk 11 is provided with a first guiding hole 23 corresponding to the second guiding hole 25, and a plurality of groups of circumferentially distributed locking holes 22 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft seat 16. A positioning hole 21 is provided on the shaft body of the first locking pin 24, one end of the first locking pin 24 is provided with an end cap 28, and the other end passes through the push - stop hole 26, the second guiding hole 25, the first guiding hole 23 and then is embedded in the locking hole 22. A first spring 27 is sleeved on the first locking pin 24, and the first spring 27 is located in the push - stop hole 26. A first threaded hole 29 communicating with the second guiding hole 25 is provided on the upper end surface of the adjusting disk 12, and a first set screw 30 is arranged in the first threaded hole 29.

[0025] Push the first locking pin 24 to embed its end into the locking hole 22. The first spring 27 is compressed. Tighten the first set screw 30, and the first set screw 30 is embedded into the positioning hole 21 to complete the position locking of the reference disk 11. Loosen the first set screw 30, and the first spring 27 pushes the first locking pin 24 to push it out of the locking hole 22. Rotate the adjusting disk 12 to make the reference disk 11 move synchronously, thereby realizing the position adjustment of the reference disk 11.

[0026] As Figure 5 and Figure 7 shown, a rotatable central shaft 31 is installed in the inner cavity at the lower end of the connecting portion 17. A second sector gear 37, a ratchet 35 and a disk gear 36 are installed on the central shaft 31 from top to bottom in sequence. Among them, the disk gear 36 is fixed at the shaft end of the central shaft 31. The ratchet 35 is rotatably connected to the central shaft 31 through a one-way bearing 42, and the second sector gear 37 is fixed to the central shaft 31 through a shaft key. A first sector gear 34 is hinged to the top wall of the inner cavity of the connecting portion 17, and the first sector gear 34 meshes with the second sector gear 37. A first pawl 40 that abuts against the ratchet 35 is installed at one end of the second sector gear 37, and a second pawl 41 that abuts against the ratchet 35 is installed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the connecting portion 17.

[0027] As Figures 5 to 7 shown, a long circular hole 33 communicating with its inner cavity is provided on the upper end surface of the connecting portion 17. An eccentric cavity 39 is opened on the lower end surface of the scale disk 10. A driving disk 20 is embedded in the eccentric cavity 39. An annular sliding groove 38 axially concentric with the shaft seat 16 is provided on the lower end surface of the driving disk 20. A driving wheel 32 is vertically installed on one side of the first sector gear 34, and the driving wheel 32 passes through the long circular hole 33 and is embedded in the annular sliding groove 38.

[0028] The driving disk 20 is embedded in the eccentric cavity 39 of the scale disk 10, and the two form an integral body. When the first sector gear 34 rotates around its axis, the driving wheel 32 generates a swinging motion. The annular constraint of the annular sliding groove 38 converts the swinging of the driving wheel 32 into a tangential thrust applied to the driving disk 20. The driving disk 20 generates a torque under the action of the tangential force, thereby driving the scale disk 10 to rotate around the shaft seat 16. The width of the annular sliding groove 38 is adapted to the outer diameter of the driving wheel 32 to enhance the reliability of motion transmission.

[0029] As Figures 9 to 11 shown, a driving assembly 44 is provided at the top of the fixing portion 9. The driving assembly 44 includes a worm 47, a first bevel gear 50 and a second bevel gear 57. The worm 47 is used as the core transmission part and is horizontally arranged on the upper end surface of the fixing portion 9. An adjusting end cap 49 is fixed at one end of the worm 47, and an internal hexagonal structure is provided in the middle thereof, which is convenient for manual rotation operation. A first claw disk 48 and a second claw disk 58 are slidably installed on the shaft body of the worm 47. The first claw disk 48 and the second claw disk 58 are arranged in mirror symmetry and are slidably installed on the shaft body of the worm 47 through a flat key 59 to realize circumferential positioning and axial sliding.

[0030] The first bevel gear 50 and the second bevel gear 57 are symmetrically mounted on the shaft body of the worm 47 through bearings, and both are meshed with the disc gear 36. Tooth grooves are provided at the ends of the first bevel gear 50 and the second bevel gear 57, which are matched with the tooth shapes of the first claw disc 48 and the second claw disc 58. One side of the top of the fixing part 9 is provided with a guiding groove, and an adjusting pin 45 is arranged in the guiding groove. A shifting block 46 is fixed on the pin body of the adjusting pin 45, and fork-shaped parts are arranged at both ends thereof. The fork-shaped parts at both ends of the shifting block 46 are clamped with the outer edges of the corresponding claw discs, realizing the switching of its axial position.

[0031] Multiple groups of clamping grooves 51 are provided on the pin body at one end of the adjusting pin 45. One side of the fixing part 9 is provided with a second threaded hole 52, and a third guiding hole 56 communicating with the guiding groove is provided at the end of the second threaded hole 52. A second set screw 53 is arranged in the second threaded hole 52, a second locking pin 55 is arranged in the third guiding hole 56, and a second spring 54 is abutted between the second locking pin 55 and the second set screw 53. The second locking pin 55 is embedded into the clamping groove 51 under the pressure of the second spring 54, forming a self-locking effect to prevent the adjusting pin 45 from moving due to vibration or external force.

[0032] As Figures 12 to 14 shown, a slider 61 is provided at the top of the tool holder 8, and a threaded rod 60 is mounted in the middle of the slider 61 through a bearing. A worm gear 62 meshing with the worm 47 is provided on the rod body of the threaded rod 60, and the worm gear 62 and the threaded rod 60 form a screw drive pair. A limiting cavity 66 is provided at the top of the fixing part 9, and the worm gear 62 is embedded into the limiting cavity 66 to limit the axial displacement of the worm gear 62.

[0033] A dovetail groove 43 is provided at the bottom of the fixing part 9, a fourth guiding hole 70 and a second fixing hole 69 communicating with the dovetail groove 43 are provided on one side of the fixing part 9, and a first locking bolt 64 is arranged in the second fixing hole 69. The slider 61 is embedded into the dovetail groove 43, and a wedge block 63 is inserted into the gap between the two. The wedge block 63 and the slider 61 form a dovetail block, forming a guide rail pair with the dovetail groove 43, and ensuring the straightness of movement through the cooperation of the wedge-shaped surfaces. One side of the wedge block 63 is attached to the inclined surface of the slider 61, and a guiding rod 65 passing through the fourth guiding hole 70 is fixed on the other side of the wedge block 63.

[0034] When the first locking bolt 64 is tightened, its end pushes the wedge block 63 to move along the fourth guiding hole 70, and the cooperation between the inclined surface of the wedge block 63 and the inclined surface of the slider 61 converts the axial thrust into a radial clamping force, realizing the locking of the tool holder 8.

[0035] The bottom of the tool holder 8 is provided with a mounting hole 68, and one end of the tool holder 8 is provided with a transverse hole 7 that penetrates and communicates with the mounting hole 68. The mounting hole 68 and the transverse hole 7 are used to mount the boring tool 6 to form a tool quick-change platform. One side of the tool holder 8 is provided with a first fixing hole 19 that communicates with the transverse hole 7 and the mounting hole 68, and a second locking bolt 67 is placed inside the first fixing hole 19. The tool shank of the boring tool 6 is embedded in the transverse hole 7 or the mounting hole 68, and the second locking bolt 67 is tightened to press the tool shank, completing the locking of the boring tool 6.

[0036] The boring head 3 realizes precise adjustment of the working radius of the boring tool 6 through a precision mechanical transmission chain and a multi-stage feedback mechanism. The following is a step-by-step analysis of the comprehensive working principle: I. Calibration stage The adjusting pin 45 is in the initial middle position to ensure that the first bevel gear 50 and the second bevel gear 57 are completely disengaged from the first claw plate 48 and the second claw plate 58. Rotate the dial 10 so that its zero scale aligns with the scale line of the reference plate 11. Alternatively, unlock the first locking pin 24, rotate the adjusting disk 12 to adjust the position of the scale line of the reference plate 11 so that it aligns with the zero scale of the dial 10, and then re-lock the first locking pin 24.

[0037] II. Pre-adjustment stage Loosen the second setscrew 53 to reduce the axial pressure of the second spring 54 on the adjusting pin 45 and allow the adjusting pin 45 to axially displace. Loosen the first locking bolt 64 to release the clamping force of the wedge block 63 on the slider 61.

[0038] III. Forward adjustment stage 1. Boring tool feeding process Push the adjusting pin 45, and the dial block 46 pushes the second claw plate 58 to axially displace so that it engages with the second bevel gear 57. Rotate the adjusting end cap 49 clockwise with a hex wrench to drive the worm 47 to rotate, and the worm 47 drives the worm gear 62 to rotate. Since the worm gear 62 is axially locked by the limiting cavity 66, its rotational motion is converted into the rotational motion of the threaded rod 60, and the threaded rod 60 and the slider 61 form a screw pair, and the rotational motion of the threaded rod 60 is converted into the linear motion of the slider 61 along the dovetail groove 43.

[0039] 2. Dial synchronous linkage process The second bevel gear 57 rotates synchronously with the worm 47, driving the disk gear 36 to rotate counterclockwise, and driving the central shaft 31 to rotate synchronously. Since the ratchet 35 is mounted on the central shaft 31 through the one-way bearing 42, and the self-locking direction of the one-way bearing 42 is clockwise. Therefore, when the central shaft 31 rotates counterclockwise, the ratchet 35 does not rotate accordingly and is locked by the second pawl 41 at the same time. The second sector gear 37 rotates synchronously with the central shaft 31, driving the first sector gear 34 to rotate clockwise. The driving wheel 32 thereon exerts a tangential thrust on the driving disk 20, and the driving disk 20 generates a torque under the action of the tangential force, thereby driving the scale disk 10 to rotate around the shaft seat 16.

[0040] 3. Locking process During the process of rotating the adjustment end cap 49, the displacement closed-loop control of the boring tool 6 is realized by aligning the scales of the reference disk 11 and the scale disk 10. After adjustment, tighten the first locking bolt 64 to clamp the slider 61, and complete the position locking of the boring tool 6.

[0041] If it is necessary to retract the boring tool 6, pull the adjustment pin 45 to engage the first claw disk 48 with the first bevel gear 50, activating the reverse transmission chain. Rotate the adjustment end cap 49 counterclockwise, and drive the slider 61 to move in the reverse direction through the same transmission path. As Figure 8 shown, when driving in reverse, the one-way bearing 42 releases self-locking. The first bevel gear 50 drives the disk gear 36 to rotate clockwise, and the ratchet 35 rotates with the central shaft 31. The second sector gear 37 drives the first sector gear 34 to rotate counterclockwise, driving the scale disk 10 to rotate reversely around the shaft seat 16. By observing the scale data of the reference disk 11 and the scale disk 10, the displacement distance of the boring tool 6 is read.

[0042] In this embodiment, the boring head 3 of the planer-type milling and boring machining center realizes the precise adjustment of the working radius of the boring tool 6 through a precision mechanical transmission chain and a multi-stage feedback mechanism. In boring machining, it can flexibly adapt to the machining requirements of different hole diameters, improving the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the machined holes. The decoupled design of the scale disk 10 and the transmission system allows the scale disk 10 to be independently zero-calibrated when the tool holder 8 is stationary. This design avoids the problem of accuracy degradation caused by the wear of the transmission system during long-term use, facilitating the long-term maintenance of accuracy.

[0043] According to the embodiments of the present invention as described above, these embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only the specific embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the above description. The purpose of selecting and specifically describing these embodiments in this specification is to better explain the principle and practical application of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can make good use of the present invention and its modified use based on the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planer-type milling and boring machining center, comprising a bed (1), a column (2), a boring head (3) and a spindle box (5), wherein the column (2) is fixed to one end of the bed (1), the spindle box (5) is slidably connected to the column (2), and the boring head (3) is fixed to one end of a spindle (4) of the spindle box (5); characterized in that: The boring head (3) comprises a connecting head (18) and a tool holder (8), the connecting head (18) comprising a connecting portion (17), one end of the connecting portion (17) being provided with a tapered shank (15), the tapered shank (15) being fixedly connected to the main shaft (4), the tapered shank (15) being provided with an axially concentric shaft seat (16), the shaft seat (16) being sleeved with a visual scale assembly that can rotate around its axis, the other end of the connecting portion (17) being provided with a fixing portion (9), one end of the fixing portion (9) being slidably connected to the tool holder (8), the other end of the fixing portion (9) being provided with a driving assembly (44) for driving the tool holder (8) to move, the inner cavity of the connecting portion (17) being provided with a gear set that drives the visual scale assembly to rotate, the gear set being drive-connected to the driving assembly (44) via a clutch component, the clutch component controlling the meshing or separation of the driving assembly (44) and the gear set to achieve power decoupling.

2. The planer type milling and boring machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (44) comprises a worm (47), a first bevel gear (50) and a second bevel gear (57); the worm (47) is mounted on the end surface of the fixed portion (9); an adjusting end cap (49) is fixed to one end of the worm (47); a symmetrically arranged first claw plate (48) and a second claw plate (58) are slidably mounted on the shaft body of the worm (47); the first bevel gear (50) and the second bevel gear (57) are symmetrically mounted on the shaft body of the worm (47) and are both meshed with the gear set; tooth grooves matching the first claw plate (48) and the second claw plate (58) are formed at the ends of the first bevel gear (50) and the second bevel gear (57); the clutch component controls the axial position of the first bevel gear (50) and the second bevel gear (57) to achieve meshing or separation with the gear set.

3. The planer type milling and boring machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clutch component comprises an adjusting pin (45), an end surface of the fixing portion (9) is provided with a guide groove, the adjusting pin (45) is mounted in the guide groove, a shift block (46) is fixed to the adjusting pin (45), and shift forks at both ends of the shift block (46) are respectively engaged with outer edges of a first claw plate (48) and a second claw plate (58).

4. The planer type milling and boring machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gear set comprises a central shaft (31) mounted in the inner cavity of the connecting portion (17); a disc gear (36) is fixed to the shaft end of the central shaft (31); the disc gear (36) is meshed with the first bevel gear (50) and the second bevel gear (57); a second sector gear (37) is fixed to the shaft body of the central shaft (31); a first sector gear (34) meshed with the second sector gear (37) is hingedly connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the connecting portion (17); a ratchet (35) is mounted on the shaft body of the central shaft (31) via a one-way bearing (42); a first ratchet pawl (40) abutting against the ratchet (35) is mounted at one end of the second sector gear (37); a second ratchet pawl (41) abutting against the ratchet (35) is mounted on the top wall of the inner cavity of the connecting portion (17); and a driving wheel (32) connected to a visual scale assembly is provided on one side of the first sector gear (34).

5. The planer type milling and boring machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The visual scale assembly adopts a laminated structural design, and comprises, from top to bottom, an adjustment disk (12), a reference disk (11), and a scale disk (10). A cover plate (13) for pressing the adjustment disk (12) is fixed to one end of the shaft seat (16), thereby axially pressing the visual scale assembly and limiting the axial movement of the entire visual scale assembly.

6. The planer type milling and boring machining center according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end surface of the connecting portion (17) is provided with an oblong hole (33) communicating with the inner cavity thereof; an eccentric cavity (39) is provided at one end of the scale plate (10); a driving plate (20) is embedded in the eccentric cavity (39); an annular groove (38) is provided on the end surface of one end of the driving plate (20) and is axially concentric with the shaft seat (16); the driving wheel (32) passes through the oblong hole (33) and is embedded in the annular groove (38).

7. The planer type milling and boring machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: A slider (61) is provided at one end of the knife seat (8); a threaded rod (60) is mounted on the middle portion of the slider (61) via a bearing; a worm wheel (62) is provided on the rod body of the threaded rod (60) and meshes with the worm (47); a limiting cavity (66) is provided on the fixing portion (9); and the worm wheel (62) is embedded in the limiting cavity (66).

8. The planer type milling and boring machining center according to claim 7, characterized in that: A dovetail groove (43) is provided at one end of the fixing portion (9), the sliding block (61) is embedded in the dovetail groove (43), and a wedge block (63) is inserted into the gap between the sliding block (61) and the dovetail groove (43).

9. The planer type milling and boring machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first claw plate (48) and the second claw plate (58) are slidably mounted on the shaft of the worm (47) via a flat key (59) to achieve circumferential positioning and axial sliding.

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