Multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete building and construction method of multi-layer composite material formwork

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building formworks, in particular to a multi-layer composite formwork for a concrete building and a construction method of the multi-layer composite formwork for the concrete building. A multi-layer composite board is mainly composed of a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a fourth layer and a fifth layer and is manufactured through pressing; the multi-layer composite board is sequentially provided with a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a fourth layer and a fifth layer in an abutting mode from top to bottom, the lower surface of the first layer is attached to the upper surface of the second layer, the lower surface of the second layer is attached to the upper surface of the third layer, the lower surface of the third layer is attached to the upper surface of the fourth layer, and the lower surface of the fourth layer is attached to the upper surface of the fifth layer. The upper surface of the first layer or the lower surface of the fifth layer is used for being attached to concrete. The multi-layer composite material template is free of a film coating agent, light in weight, easy to demould, high in plasticity, high in turnover frequency, good in forming effect and recoverable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building formwork, and particularly relates to a multi-layer composite formwork for concrete buildings and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Concrete precast slabs are prefabricated using formwork, which can be quickly produced in factories or at construction sites, greatly shortening the construction period. The formwork can be customized according to the size and shape of the precast slabs to meet different engineering requirements.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used formworks mainly include steel formworks and wood plywood. Generally, a demoulding agent needs to be applied during use to facilitate demoulding. Among them, steel formworks have high strength and flatness, but they are heavy and inconvenient to disassemble during use; wood plywood is prone to water absorption and deformation, and has a small number of turnover times.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a multi-layer composite formwork for concrete buildings and a construction method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer composite formwork for concrete buildings and a construction method thereof, to solve the problems such as the need to apply a demoulding agent for existing precast slab formworks, a small number of turnover times, and low production efficiency.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-layer composite formwork for concrete buildings and a construction method thereof. The multi-layer composite board is mainly composed of a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a fourth layer, and a fifth layer and is obtained by pressing. The first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, and the fifth layer are sequentially abutted and arranged from top to bottom. The lower surface of the first layer is attached to the upper surface of the second layer, the lower surface of the second layer is attached to the upper surface of the third layer, the lower surface of the third layer is attached to the upper surface of the fourth layer, the lower surface of the fourth layer is attached to the upper surface of the fifth layer, and the upper surface of the first layer or the lower surface of the fifth layer is used to attach to concrete.

[0007] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the first layer is made of a composite material of polypropylene and inorganic materials, and is composed of 45wt%-60wt% polypropylene, 15wt%-28wt% calcium carbonate, 17wt%-27wt% mica powder, and 3wt%-10wt% glass fiber.

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the thickness of the first layer is 2mm.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the second layer is an aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.2mm.

[0010] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the third layer is made of foamed polypropylene with a thickness of 15 mm.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the fourth layer has the same material and thickness as the second layer.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the fifth layer has the same material and thickness as the first layer.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the multi-layer composite board is any one of rectangular, square, and special-shaped, and the size can be customized.

[0014] A construction method of a multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete buildings includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Formwork design and assembly

[0016] Design the formwork according to the size and shape of the precast slab (flat slab, ribbed slab, hollow slab, etc.), and reserve hoisting holes and pipeline holes; assemble and fix the formwork, and check the joint tightness (to prevent leakage of mortar); use bolts or clamps to lock the mold to ensure the geometric dimension accuracy (error ≤ 2 mm)

[0017] Step 2: Installation of steel bar framework

[0018] Cut and bend the steel bars according to the drawings, and weld or tie them into a mesh / skeleton; place the steel bars into the mold, and support the bottom with plastic cushion blocks (to ensure the thickness of the protective layer, usually ≥ 15 mm); use positioning fixtures to fix the position of the steel bars to prevent displacement during pouring.

[0019] Step 3: Concrete pouring and compaction

[0020] Concrete mixing: Control the water-cement ratio (usually 0.4 - 0.6), and the slump should be 30 - 50 mm (moderate fluidity); pour in layers, with each layer thickness ≤ 300 mm to avoid segregation; use a vibrating table or an inserted vibrating rod to vibrate (for 10 - 30 seconds until the surface shows slurry without bubbles); scrape the surface flat and finish it with a troweling machine (to improve the surface flatness).

[0021] Step 4: Curing

[0022] Natural curing: Sprinkle water to keep it moist for 3 - 7 days (temperature ≥ 5 °C).

[0023] Step 5: Demolding

[0024] Loosen the formwork bolts or clamps, and gently tap the edge of the formwork to assist in separation; use a lifting tool to slowly lift the precast slab to avoid bumping.

[0025] Step 6: Quality inspection and marking of precast slabs

[0026] Dimensional deviation (length and width ±3 mm, thickness ±2 mm); surface flatness (≤2 mm / m).

[0027] Adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. A multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction provided by the present invention. The multi-layer composite board has a five-layer composite structure. The surface layer material of the multi-layer composite board is polypropylene material modified by adding inorganic materials, which has good scratch resistance, significantly improves the turnover times, and is smooth on the surface. It can be easily demolded without applying a demolding agent. Compared with common steel formworks, wooden formworks or plastic formworks, it can avoid applying a demolding agent, reducing the labor intensity and production cost.

[0029] 2. A multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction provided by the present invention. Both polypropylene and aluminum foil in the multi-layer composite board are lightweight materials, and the density of foamed polypropylene is lower, making the entire board material light and highly plastic. The upper and lower layers of aluminum foil are used to enhance the stress structure and can effectively restrict the thermal expansion range of the material. The overall thermal expansion coefficient of the board is low, reducing the phenomenon of warping at the edges and corners of the formwork.

[0030] 3. A multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction provided by the present invention. The multi-layer composite board is highly plastic, can be designed into different sizes or shapes according to actual needs, has a large number of turnover times, good forming effects, and can be recycled. Description of the Drawings

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction;

[0033] Reference numerals: 1. Multi-layer composite board; 11. First layer; 12. Second layer; 13. Third layer; 14. Fourth layer; 15. Fifth layer. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] The following further explains the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0038] As Figure 1 shown, a multi-layer composite template for concrete construction provided in this embodiment is mainly composed of a first layer 11, a second layer 12, a third layer 13, a fourth layer 14, and a fifth layer 15 and is obtained by pressing. The multi-layer composite board 1 is successively and abuttedly arranged with the first layer 11, the second layer 12, the third layer 13, the fourth layer 14, and the fifth layer 15 from top to bottom. The lower surface of the first layer 11 is attached to the upper surface of the second layer 12, the lower surface of the second layer 12 is attached to the upper surface of the third layer 13, the lower surface of the third layer 12 is attached to the upper surface of the fourth layer 14, the lower surface of the fourth layer 14 is attached to the upper surface of the fifth layer 15, and the upper surface of the first layer 11 or the lower surface of the fifth layer 15 is used to attach to the concrete. Specifically, the multi-layer composite board 1 has a five-layer structure. The first layer 11 is made of polypropylene modified by inorganic materials, the second layer 12 is an aluminum thin layer, the third layer 13 is made of foamed polypropylene, the fourth layer is an aluminum thin layer, and the fifth layer 15 is made of modified polypropylene. The multi-layer composite board 1 is light in weight, strong in plasticity, can be free of release agent coating, has a large number of turnover times, good forming effect, can be recycled, has a low thermal expansion coefficient, and reduces the phenomenon of corner warping.

[0039] Further, the material of the first layer 11 is a composite material of polypropylene and inorganic materials, which is composed of 45wt%-60wt% polypropylene, 15wt%-28wt% calcium carbonate, 17wt%-27wt% mica powder, and 3wt%-10wt% glass fiber; preferably, the polypropylene is 51wt%, the calcium carbonate is 24wt%, the mica powder is 20wt%, and the glass fiber is 5wt%. Calcium carbonate is an inexpensive filler. The addition of calcium carbonate can improve the rigidity and hardness of polypropylene, reduce the shrinkage rate of polypropylene, improve the dimensional stability of the product, and the addition of calcium carbonate can increase the heat distortion temperature of polypropylene; mica powder is a flaky filler, which can significantly improve the rigidity and flexural strength of polypropylene, and the flaky structure of mica powder can improve the gas barrier performance of polypropylene; glass fiber is an efficient reinforcing material, which can greatly improve the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of polypropylene. By adding the above three inorganic materials, the properties of polypropylene are changed, making it have good scratch resistance, and at the same time, it can be easily demolded without applying a demolding agent, and the concrete hardly adheres to the surface of the formwork, and the number of turnover times is high.

[0040] Further, the thickness of the first layer 11 is 2 mm; the second layer 12 is an aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.2 mm; the third layer 13 is made of foamed polypropylene with a thickness of 15 mm; the fourth layer 14 has the same material and thickness as the second layer 12; the fifth layer 15 has the same material and thickness as the first layer 11; specifically, the total thickness of the multi-layer composite board 1 is 19.4 mm, and the middle foamed polypropylene layer is 15 mm, which has a good heat insulation and heat preservation effect, and at the same time has a certain sound insulation effect, while the second layer 12 and the fourth layer 14 are aluminum foil layers, and the rigidity of the aluminum foil can enhance the overall stability of the multi-layer composite board 1, and at the same time reduce the deformation caused by temperature changes.

[0041] Further, the multi-layer composite board 1 can be any one of rectangular, square, and special-shaped, and the size can be customized; specifically, the multi-layer composite board 1 has good plasticity and can be designed with different sizes and shapes according to the needs of the precast slab.

[0042] The present invention also provides a construction method for a multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete buildings, which includes the following main steps:

[0043] Step 1: Formwork design and assembly

[0044] Design the formwork according to the size and shape of the precast slab (flat slab, ribbed slab, hollow slab, etc.), and reserve hoisting holes and pipeline holes; assemble the formwork and fix it, and check the tightness of the joints (to prevent leakage of mortar); use bolts or clamps to lock the mold to ensure the geometric dimension accuracy (error ≤ 2 mm)

[0045] Step 2: Installation of the steel bar cage

[0046] Cut and bend steel bars according to the drawings, and weld or tie them into mesh / skeleton; place the steel bars into the mold, and support the bottom with plastic cushion blocks (to ensure the cover thickness, usually ≥15mm); use positioning fixtures to fix the position of the steel bars to prevent displacement during pouring.

[0047] Step Three: Concrete pouring and compaction

[0048] Concrete mixing: Control the water-cement ratio (usually 0.4 - 0.6), and the slump should be 30 - 50mm (moderate fluidity); pour in layers, with each layer thickness ≤300mm to avoid segregation; use a vibrating table or internal vibrator to vibrate (for 10 - 30 seconds until the surface shows slurry without bubbles); scrape the surface flat and finish it with a troweling machine (to improve the surface flatness).

[0049] Step Four: Curing

[0050] Natural curing: Sprinkle water to keep it moist for 3 - 7 days (when the temperature ≥5℃).

[0051] Step Five: Demolding

[0052] Loosen the formwork bolts or fixtures, and gently tap the edge of the formwork to assist in separation; use a lifting device to slowly lift the precast slab to avoid bumping.

[0053] Step Six: Quality inspection and marking of precast slabs

[0054] Dimensional deviation (length and width ±3mm, thickness ±2mm); surface flatness (≤2mm / m); test the compressive strength requirements.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction, characterized in that: The multilayer composite board (1) mainly comprises a first layer (11), a second layer (12), a third layer (13), a fourth layer (14) and a fifth layer (15) and is pressed together. The multilayer composite board (1) sequentially abuts against the first layer (11), the second layer (12), the third layer (13), the fourth layer (14) and the fifth layer (15) from top to bottom. The lower surface of the first layer (11) is affixed to the upper surface of the second layer (12), the lower surface of the second layer (12) is affixed to the upper surface of the third layer (13), the lower surface of the third layer (12) is affixed to the upper surface of the fourth layer (14), and the lower surface of the fourth layer (14) is affixed to the upper surface of the fifth layer (15). The upper surface of the first layer (11) or the lower surface of the fifth layer (15) is used for affixing concrete.

2. The multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first layer (11) is made of a composite material of polypropylene and inorganic materials, and is composed of 45wt%-60wt% polypropylene, 15wt%-28wt% calcium carbonate, 17wt%-27wt% mica powder, and 3wt%-10wt% glass fiber.

3. The multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first layer (11) has a thickness of 2 mm.

4. The multi-layer composite board for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second layer (12) is an aluminum sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm.

5. The multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third layer (13) is made of foamed polypropylene and has a thickness of 15 mm.

6. The multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth layer (14) has the same material and thickness as the second layer (12).

7. The multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fifth layer (15) has the same material and thickness as the first layer (11).

8. The multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multilayer composite board (1) is any one of rectangular, square and special-shaped, and the size can be customized.

9. A construction method of a multi-layer composite material formwork for concrete construction, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Template design and assembly Design the template according to the size and shape of the precast panel (flat plate, ribbed plate, hollow plate, etc.), and reserve lifting holes and pipeline holes; assemble the template and fix it, check the sealing of the joints (to prevent leakage); use bolts or clamps to lock the mold to ensure the accuracy of the geometric size (error ≤ 2mm). Step 2: Steel reinforcement frame installation Cut and bend the steel bars according to the drawings, weld or tie them into mesh / skeleton; put the steel bars into the mold and support the bottom with plastic pads (to ensure the thickness of the protective layer, usually ≥15mm); use positioning fixtures to fix the position of the steel bars to prevent displacement during pouring. Step 3: Concrete pouring and compaction Concrete mixing: control the water-cement ratio (usually 0.4-0.6), the slump should be 30-50mm (moderate fluidity); pour in layers, with each layer thickness ≤300mm to avoid segregation; use a vibrating table or inserted vibrating rod to vibrate (for 10-30 seconds, until the surface is slurry and free of bubbles); scrape the surface flat and use a trowel to smooth it (to improve surface flatness). Step 4: Maintenance Natural maintenance: water to keep moist for 3 to 7 days (temperature ≥5℃). Step 5: Demolding Loosen the formwork bolts or clamps and tap the edge of the formwork to assist separation; use a hoist to slowly lift the precast panel to avoid bumps. Step 6: Prefabricated panel quality inspection and identification Dimension deviation (length and width ±3mm, thickness ±2mm); surface flatness (≤2mm / m).

Images