Combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving quality and efficiency of tomatoes and application method of combined water-soluble fertilizer

Abstract

The combined water-soluble fertilizer comprises a phase A and a phase B. The phase A comprises a1 and a2, and each of a1 and a2 comprises a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, a calcium source and trace elements; the phase B comprises b1 and b2, and both b1 and b2 comprise a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, humic acid and trace elements. Compared with the prior art, the combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of the tomatoes and the application method thereof have the advantages that the combined water-soluble fertilizer is convenient to use and good in tomato cultivation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and specifically refers to a combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes and its application method. Background Art

[0002] Water-soluble fertilizers are a type of multi-component compound fertilizer that can be completely dissolved in water. They can be applied to facilities such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation to achieve the integration of water and fertilizer, thus achieving the effects of water saving, fertilizer saving, and labor saving. Water-soluble fertilizers can contain all the nutrient elements required for crop growth.

[0003] Tomato is one of the vegetables with the largest planting area and consumption in the world. China is one of the largest tomato producers and consumers in the world. Tomatoes are rich in vitamin C, lycopene, minerals, anti-cancer and anti-aging compounds, which can improve human immunity. Therefore, optimizing tomato nutrient management measures, increasing tomato yield, improving nutrient use efficiency, and improving tomato quality are of great significance for promoting the development of China's tomato industry. However, in intensive tomato production, in order to pursue high yields, large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied, while neglecting the application of medium and trace element fertilizers. Calcium plays a crucial role in crop growth and development. Tomatoes are extremely prone to calcium deficiency in actual production. On the one hand, this is related to the fact that common chemical fertilizers or water-soluble fertilizers on the market do not contain calcium or have a low calcium content. On the other hand, calcium is difficult to transfer in the crop body and needs to be continuously supplemented. In addition, improving nutrient use efficiency in tomato production is crucial for optimizing tomato nutrient management. Humic acid, as a macromolecular organic substance widely present in nature, stimulates crop growth by enhancing the absorption of nutrients by crop roots, improving photosynthesis, promoting protein synthesis, and optimizing enzyme activity. Therefore, promoting crop nutrient absorption by adding humic acid plays an important role in improving nutrient use efficiency in vegetable production.

[0004] Based on the above actual problems in tomato production, the present invention has developed "a combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes and its application method". The combined water-soluble fertilizer in the present invention is developed according to the nutrient demand characteristics of different growth stages of tomatoes, is rich in calcium and humic acid, and significantly promotes the absorption and utilization of tomato nutrients while supplementing calcium, which is of great significance for optimizing tomato nutrient management and achieving the improvement of tomato quality and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above technical defects and provide a combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes and its application method that is convenient to use and has a good effect on tomato cultivation.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes, including phase A and phase B.

[0007] The A phase includes a1 and a2, and both a1 and a2 include a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, a calcium source, and trace elements;

[0008] The B phase includes b1 and b2, and both b1 and b2 include a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, humic acid, and trace elements.

[0009] Preferably, the component ratios in a1 are 19% nitrogen, 16% phosphorus, 19% potassium, and 3% calcium.

[0010] Preferably, the component ratios in a2 are 13% nitrogen, 6% phosphorus, 32% potassium, and 5% calcium.

[0011] Preferably, the component ratios in b1 include 18% nitrogen, 17% phosphorus, 19% potassium, and 2.5% humic acid.

[0012] Preferably, the component ratios in b2 include 9% nitrogen, 5% phosphorus, 38% potassium, and 2.5% humic acid.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention discloses a method for applying a combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of tomatoes, including the following steps: creating combined package one and combined package two, where combined package one includes a1 and a2, and combined package two includes b1 and b2; applying combined package one and combined package two during the growth period of tomatoes.

[0014] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: In the present invention:

[0015] After adding calcium and humic acid, by promoting the root growth of tomato seedlings, increasing the root length, surface area, volume, average diameter, root tip number, etc., the nutrient absorption capacity is improved, thereby promoting the growth of tomato seedlings and increasing the biomass and leaf area at the seedling stage;

[0016] At the same time, the water-soluble fertilizer of the calcium-added combined package significantly increases the tomato yield by increasing the number of fruits per plant, the number of flowers, and the single fruit weight. After adding calcium and humic acid, the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, and sugar content of the fruit are significantly increased while the fruit hardness is reduced; compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, after adding calcium and humic acid, the contents of Vc, soluble protein, soluble sugar, lycopene, and free amino acids in the fruit are increased, thereby improving the quality of tomatoes. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 The effects of different treatments on the growth of tomato seedlings and roots.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram under the use state of the name of this invention patent.

[0019] Figure 3 The effects of different treatments on the dry matter distribution of different organs during the fruit-bearing period of tomatoes.

[0020] Figure 4 Effects of different treatments on the growth and quality of tomato plants during the full fruit period

[0021] Figure 5 Effects of different treatments on the amino acid content of tomato fruits during the full fruit period

[0022] Figure 6 Effects of different treatments on the proportion of amino acid composition in tomato fruits during the full fruit period

[0023] Figure 7 Effects of different treatments on tomato yield

[0024] Figure 8 Effects of different treatments on the nutrient absorption of tomatoes

[0025] Figure 9 Effects of different treatments on the nutrient recycling efficiency of tomatoes Detailed implementation mode

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings

[0027] A combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes, characterized in that: it includes a phase A and a phase B

[0028] The phase A includes a1 and a2, and both a1 and a2 include a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, a calcium source, and trace elements

[0029] The phase B includes b1 and b2, and both b1 and b2 include a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, humic acid, and trace elements

[0030] Among them, the component ratios in a1 are nitrogen 19%, phosphorus 16%, potassium 19%, calcium 3%; the component ratios in a2 are nitrogen 13%, phosphorus 6%, potassium 32%, calcium 5%; the component ratios in b1 include nitrogen 18%, phosphorus 17%, potassium 19%, humic acid 2.5%; the component ratios in b2 include nitrogen 9%, phosphorus 5%, potassium 38%, humic acid 2.5%

[0031] When the present invention is specifically implemented

[0032] Combined package of water-soluble fertilizers for macronutrients 1: Use 19-16-19+3Ca+TE calcium-containing balanced fertilizer before fruit setting, and use 13-6-32+5Ca+TE calcium-containing high-potassium fertilizer after fruit setting

[0033] Combined package of water-soluble fertilizers for macronutrients 2: Use 18-17-19+2.5HA+TE humic acid-containing balanced fertilizer before fruit setting, and use 9-5-38+2.5HA+TE humic acid-containing high-potassium fertilizer after fruit setting

[0034] Control treatment combination package 3: Apply traditional balanced macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer such as 19-19-19 before fruit setting, and apply traditional high-potassium 15-5-30 water-soluble fertilizer after fruit setting;

[0035] Test materials: Tested facility tomato variety: Qianxi tomato;

[0036] Set 6 treatments according to requirements, which are (1) non-fertilization control treatment (CK); (2) conventional fertilization treatment: apply combination package 3 (F); (3) apply combination package 1 (ICL+Ca); (4) apply combination package 2 (ICL+HA); (5) apply combination package 1 with a 20% reduction (+Ca-20%); (6) apply combination package 2 with a 20% reduction (+HA-20%). The fertilization periods and dosages of different treatments are shown in Table 1. In the test, except for the non-fertilization control treatment (1 ridge), 2 ridges are selected for each treatment for fertigation. According to the growth cycle of fertigated tomatoes, the fertilization amount at different times is averaged to each day to calculate the daily fertilization amount. Specifically, according to the duration of different growth stages of tomatoes, the total fertilization amount is averaged to each day for irrigation fertilization. At the seedling stage, the tolerance of seedlings is relatively low, and the EC value of the irrigation solution is controlled at about 1.0, and continuous fertigation is carried out for 15 min / d; at the beginning of fruit setting and the full fruit stage of tomatoes, the EC value of the irrigation solution is adjusted to about 2.0 and 3.0 according to the fertilization plan for irrigation fertilization, and irrigation fertilization is carried out 10 min each in the morning and evening at the beginning of fruit setting and the full fruit stage.

[0037] The length of the test fertigation facility ridge is 33 m, the ridge spacing is 2 m, and the planting spacing of test tomatoes is 40 cm.

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Table 1 Fertilization schemes for different treatments in the test

[0041] Among them, the application of different package combination fertilizers can significantly promote the growth of tomato seedlings ( Figure 1)。Compared with the non-fertilizer treatment (CK), after the conventional fertilization treatment (F), the plant biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves increased by 55.9%, 119.7%, 20.1%, 19.5%, 11.3% and 14.6% respectively (Table 2). After the application of ICL calcium-containing package fertilizer (ICL+Ca), the plant biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves increased by 44.4%, 68.7%, 14.1%, 16.5%, 9.2% and 4.9% respectively compared with CK. After the application of ICL humic acid package fertilizer (ICL+HA), the plant biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves increased by 40.2%, 55.7%, 12.2%, 13.8%, 6.9% and 4.9% respectively compared with CK. Different from the above-ground plant growth at the tomato seedling stage, after the F treatment, the root biomass of tomato decreased by 17.4%, while after the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments, the root biomass of tomato at the seedling stage increased by 5.5% and 16.6% respectively. Further analysis of the root-shoot ratio of tomato at the seedling stage under different treatments found that compared with the CK treatment, the root-shoot ratio decreased the most after the F treatment, reaching 47.4%, followed by 27.3% for the ICL+Ca treatment, and the smallest decrease in the root-shoot ratio after the ICL+HA treatment was 17.2%. Compared with the F treatment, after the ICL+Ca treatment, the plant biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves decreased by 7.4%, 23.2%, 5.0%, 2.5%, 1.9% and 8.5% respectively. After the ICL+HA treatment, the plant biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves decreased by 10.0%, 29.1%, 6.6%, 4.8%, 4.0% and 8.5% respectively compared with CK. On the contrary, after the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments, the root biomass and root-shoot ratio of tomato at the seedling stage increased by 27.7%, 41.1% and 38.1%, 57.2% respectively compared with the F treatment. Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, after the ICL+HA treatment, the plant biomass, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, stem diameter and plant height decreased by 2.9%, 7.7%, 1.7%, 2.5% and 2.1% respectively, while the root biomass and root-shoot ratio increased by 10.5% and 13.8% respectively.

[0042] It can be seen from the effects of different treatments on the root growth indexes of tomato seedlings at the seedling stage that after the F treatment, the root length, surface area, volume, root tip number, connection number, node number and fork number of tomato seedlings at the seedling stage decreased by 10.2%, 23.4%, 33.2%, 30.3%, 25.7%, 26.1% and 24.7% respectively compared with the CK treatment, while the average root diameter increased by 2.9% (Table 3). Compared with the CK treatment, after the ICL+Ca treatment, the root length, surface area, volume, root tip number, connection number, node number and fork number of tomato seedlings at the seedling stage decreased by 2.1%, 12.2%, 7.6%, 15.2%, 14.9%, 8.3% and 14.2% respectively; after the ICL+HA treatment, the root length, volume, root tip number, connection number, node number and fork number of tomato seedlings at the seedling stage increased by 4.1%, 25.2%, 11.7%, 4.0%, 8.7% and 2.9% respectively compared with the CK treatment; after the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments, the average root diameter increased by 11.8% and 3.4% respectively compared with the CK treatment. Compared with the F treatment, after the ICL+Ca treatment, the root length, surface area, volume, average root diameter, root tip number, connection number, node number and fork number of tomato seedlings at the seedling stage increased by 8.9%, 14.6%, 38.4%, 8.7%, 21.6%, 14.6%, 24.1% and 13.9% respectively; after the ICL+HA treatment, the root length, surface area, volume, average root diameter, root tip number, connection number, node number and fork number of tomato seedlings at the seedling stage increased by 15.9%, 24.0%, 87.5%, 0.6%, 60.2%, 40.0%, 47.1% and 36.7% respectively compared with the F treatment. Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, after the ICL+HA treatment, the root length, surface area, volume, root tip number, connection number, node number and fork number of tomato seedlings at the seedling stage increased by 6.4%, 8.1%, 35.5%, 31.8%, 22.2%, 18.5% and 20.0% respectively, while the average root diameter decreased by 7.5%. After the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA packages were reduced by 20%, the root length, surface area, volume, root tip number, connection number, node number and fork number of tomato seedlings at the seedling stage all increased to varying degrees, while the average root diameter decreased by 4.7% (ICL+Ca) and 1.2% (ICL+HA) respectively.

[0043] Table 2 Differences in basic growth indexes of tomato seedlings under different treatments

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on root growth indexes of tomato seedlings

[0047]

[0048] Effects of different treatments on tomato growth during fruiting period:

[0049] There were significant differences in the aboveground growth and fruiting amount of tomatoes during the fruiting period after the application of different package combination fertilizers ( Figure 2 ). Compared with CK treatment, the total biomass of tomato in the fruiting stage increased by 185.1%, 197.8% and 171.9% after F, ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments, respectively. The biomass of leaves, stems, fruits, roots and flowers increased by 292.0%, 125.5%, 194.6%, 51.6% and 582.8% after F treatment, 278.5%, 134.3%, 243.4%, 70.3% and 649.4% after ICL+Ca treatment, and 242.6%, 114.0%, 207.2%, 110.2% and 561.1% after ICL+HA treatment. Compared with the CK treatment, the total leaf area, leaf SPAD value and stem diameter of tomato in the fruiting period increased by 249.5%, 130.3% and 28.6% in F treatment, 237.4%, 134.7% and 28.4% in ICL+Ca treatment, and 199.8%, 121.5% and 23.1% in ICL+HA treatment. Compared with the F treatment, the total biomass of tomato in the fruiting period increased by 4.5% in ICL+Ca treatment, of which the stem, fruit, root and flower biomass increased by 3.9%, 16.6%, 12.3% and 9.8%, respectively, while the leaf biomass decreased by 3.5%. Compared with the F treatment, the total biomass of tomato in the fruiting period decreased by 4.6% in ICL+HA treatment, of which the leaf biomass decreased by 12.6% at most, while the root biomass increased significantly (38.6%). Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, the total biomass of tomatoes during the fruiting period decreased by 8.7% after ICL+HA treatment, among which the biomass of leaves, stems, fruits and flowers decreased by 9.5%, 8.7%, 10.6% and 11.8%, respectively, while the root biomass increased by 23.4%. The total biomass of tomatoes during the fruiting period decreased significantly after the reduction of chemical fertilizers, among which the biomass of leaves, stems and fruits decreased by 18.4%, 12.1%, 13.4% (ICL+Ca) and 16.5%, 9.4%, 11.7% (ICL+HA), respectively, while the root biomass increased by 13.9% (ICL+Ca) and 7.7% (ICL+HA), respectively. Further analysis of the material distribution of different organs of tomatoes during the fruiting period under different treatments found that the material distribution ratio of leaves and fruits was significantly increased after fertilization, while the material distribution ratio of stems and roots was reduced ( Figure 3)。Compared with the F treatment, the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments decreased the proportion of dry matter allocation in leaves while increasing the proportion of matter allocation in fruits and roots. The differences in the proportion of matter allocation in stems and flowers between the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments and the F treatment were not significant. There were no significant differences in the proportion of matter allocation in various parts during the fruit-bearing period of tomatoes in the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments. After reducing the fertilizer application by 20%, the proportion of matter allocation in leaves decreased slightly while the proportion of matter allocation in roots increased significantly.

[0050] Different from the seedling stage, fertilization significantly promoted the root growth of tomatoes during the fruit-bearing period (Table 5). Compared with the F treatment, the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments had a more obvious promoting effect on the root growth of tomatoes. Among them, in the ICL+Ca treatment, the root length, surface area, volume, average diameter, number of root tips, number of connections, number of nodes, and number of forks increased by 25.0%, 12.3%, 11.7%, 7.8%, 20.9%, 17.6%, 16.8%, and 18.9% respectively compared with the F treatment; in the ICL+HA treatment, the root length, surface area, volume, number of root tips, number of connections, number of nodes, and number of forks increased by 38.2%, 24.4%, 25.8%, 39.0%, 36.6%, 35.2%, and 28.9% respectively compared with the F treatment, while the average root diameter decreased by 4.1%. Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, after the ICL+HA treatment, the root length, surface area, volume, number of root tips, number of connections, number of nodes, and number of forks increased by 10.5%, 10.8%, 12.6%, 15.0%, 16.1%, 15.8%, and 8.4% respectively, while the average root diameter decreased by 11.0%.

[0051] Table 4 Effects of different treatments on the growth of tomatoes during the fruit-bearing period

[0052]

[0053] Table 5 Effects of different treatments on the root growth indexes of tomatoes during the fruit-bearing period

[0054]

[0055] Figure 4To study the effects of different package fertilizers on tomato plants and fruit quality during the full fruit-bearing period, it can be seen from the figure that fertilization significantly promoted tomato growth. In addition, fertilization significantly improved the quality of tomato fruits. Compared with the CK treatment, in the F treatment, the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and hardness increased by 35.0%, 11.8%, 8.7% and 37.8% respectively, while the sugar content decreased by 16.7%; in the ICL+Ca treatment, the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and hardness of tomatoes were increased by 64.2%, 19.2%, 14.3% and 35.5% respectively compared with the CK treatment, while the sugar content decreased by 4.5%; after the ICL+HA treatment, the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and hardness of tomatoes were increased by 52.7%, 17.0%, 11.6% and 23.9% respectively compared with the CK treatment, while the sugar content decreased by 7.9%. Compared with the F treatment, in the ICL+Ca treatment, the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and sugar content increased by 21.7%, 6.6%, 5.1% and 14.7% respectively, while the hardness decreased by 1.7%; in the ICL+HA treatment, the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and sugar content of tomatoes increased by 13.2%, 4.6%, 2.6% and 10.6% respectively, while the hardness decreased by 10.1%. Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, in the ICL+HA treatment, the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, sugar content and hardness all decreased to varying degrees. After reducing the chemical fertilizer by 20%, the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and hardness of tomatoes all decreased, while the sugar content increased by 3.1% (ICL+Ca) and 7.6% (ICL+HA) respectively.

[0056] There were significant differences in the contents of Vc, soluble protein, soluble sugar and lycopene in tomato fruits under different treatments (Table 6). Compared with the CK treatment, the contents of Vc and soluble protein in the F treatment increased by 56.3% and 31.3%, respectively, while the contents of soluble sugar and lycopene decreased by 38.9% and 45.0%; in the ICL+Ca treatment, the contents of Vc and soluble protein increased by 69.1% and 59.8% compared with the CK treatment, while the contents of soluble sugar and lycopene decreased by 28.7% and 35.1%; in the ICL+HA treatment, the contents of Vc and soluble protein increased by 56.5% and 42.3% compared with the CK treatment, while the contents of soluble sugar and lycopene decreased by 23.6% and 26.9%. Compared with the F treatment, the contents of Vc, soluble protein, soluble sugar and lycopene in the ICL+Ca treatment increased by 8.2%, 21.7%, 16.7% and 18.0%, respectively; in the ICL+HA treatment, the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and lycopene increased by 8.4%, 25.0% and 32.9% compared with the F treatment, while the Vc content had no significant difference from that of the F treatment. Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, the contents of Vc and soluble protein in the ICL+Ca treatment decreased by 7.5% and 10.9%, respectively, while the contents of soluble sugar and lycopene increased by 7.1% and 12.6%. After reducing the fertilizer application rate by 20%, the contents of Vc and soluble protein decreased by 12.4%, 17.0% (ICL+Ca) and 13.2%, 13.6% (ICL+HA), while the contents of soluble sugar and lycopene increased by 17.0%, 31.1% (ICL+Ca) and 15.2%, 28.8% (ICL+HA).

[0057] Table 6 Effects of different treatments on the fruit quality of tomato during the full fruit period

[0058]

[0059] Further analysis of the differences in amino acid composition in fruits under different compound fertilizer applications found that the content of free amino acids in tomato fruits increased significantly after fertilization ( Figure 5 ). Compared with the CK treatment, the total content of free amino acids in the F treatment increased by 29.7%, and the contents of glutamic acid, serine and aspartic acid with the highest amino acid contents increased by 10.2%, 77.7% and 26.3%, respectively ( Figure 6) The amino acids with the largest increases were phenylalanine, serine, and arginine, with increases of 105.0%, 77.7%, and 66.0% respectively, while the amino acid with the largest decrease in content was alanine, with a decrease of 15.0%. In the ICL+Ca treatment, the total free amino acid content increased by 48.5% compared to the CK treatment. Among them, the contents of glutamic acid, serine, and aspartic acid, which were the highest in content, increased by 26.9%, 88.0%, and 61.7% respectively. The amino acids with the largest increases in content were phenylalanine, arginine, and serine, with increases of 146.5%, 97.7%, and 88.0% respectively. After the ICL+HA treatment, the largest increase in the total free amino acid content of tomato fruits compared to the CK treatment was 55.1%. Among them, the contents of glutamic acid, serine, and aspartic acid, which were the highest in content, increased by 31.4%, 112.2%, and 69.7% respectively. The amino acids with the largest increases in content were serine, phenylalanine, and arginine, with increases of 112.2%, 109.9%, and 109.8% respectively. Compared with the F treatment, the total free amino acid content in the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments increased by 14.5% and 19.6% respectively. Among them, the contents of the top three amino acids (glutamic acid, serine, and aspartic acid) in ICL+Ca increased by 15.2%, 5.8%, and 28.0% respectively. The amino acids with the largest increases in content were valine, tyrosine, and aspartic acid, with increases of 37.4%, 33.5%, and 28.0% respectively, while the largest decrease in isoleucine was 9.4%; in the ICL+HA treatment, the contents of the top three amino acids (glutamic acid, serine, and aspartic acid) increased by 19.2%, 19.5%, and 34.3% respectively compared with the F treatment. The amino acids with the largest increases in content were valine, aspartic acid, and histidine, with increases of 44.0%, 34.3%, and 31.8% respectively, while the largest decrease in isoleucine was 10.8%. Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, the total free amino acid content in the ICL+HA treatment increased by 4.4%. Among them, the contents of the top three glutamic acid, serine, and aspartic acid increased by 3.5%, 12.9%, and 5.0% respectively. The amino acids with the largest increases were threonine, serine, and lysine, with increases of 20.3%, 12.9%, and 11.7% respectively, while the contents of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and cystine decreased by 24.1%, 14.8%, and 6.7% compared with the ICL+Ca treatment.

[0060] Fertilization significantly increased the tomato yield. Compared with the CK treatment, the yields of the F, ICL+Ca, and ICL+HA treatments increased by 5.2, 5.7, and 5.2 times ( Figure 7 ). The tomato yield in the ICL+Ca treatment was 7.5% higher than that in the F treatment, while there was no significant difference in the tomato yield between the ICL+HA treatment and the F treatment. Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, the yield in the ICL+HA treatment decreased by 7.6%. After reducing the fertilizer amount by 20%, the tomato yields in the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments decreased by 14.6% and 13.3% respectively.

[0061] Figure 8 For the effects of different treatments on the nutrient uptake of tomatoes, it can be seen from the figure that fertilization significantly increased the nutrient accumulation of tomatoes. Compared with the CK treatment, after the F treatment, the accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and boron in tomatoes increased by 9.1, 7.9, 4.7, 3.6, 3.4 and 4.9 times respectively. In the ICL+Ca treatment, the accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and boron in tomatoes increased by 9.8, 7.8, 4.3, 5.8, 2.5 and 4.2 times respectively. After the ICL+HA treatment, the accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and boron in tomatoes increased by 8.8, 7.6, 4.2, 3.9, 2.2 and 3.8 times respectively compared with the CK treatment. Compared with the F treatment, in the ICL+Ca treatment, the accumulations of nitrogen and calcium in tomatoes increased by 6.5% and 49.0% respectively, while the accumulations of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and boron decreased by 1.0%, 5.9%, 19.6% and 11.4% respectively; in the ICL+HA treatment, the accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and boron decreased by 2.7%, 4.1%, 8.2%, 27.6% and 18.0% respectively compared with the F treatment, while the calcium accumulation increased by 6.5%. Compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, in the ICL+HA treatment, the accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and boron in tomatoes decreased by 8.7%, 3.1%, 2.4%, 28.5%, 9.9% and 7.4% respectively. After reducing the chemical fertilizer by 20%, the overall accumulations of different nutrients in tomatoes showed a decreasing trend.

[0062] The results of the effects of different treatments on the nutrient recovery efficiency of tomatoes showed that adding calcium and humic acid could improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer ( Figure 9 ). Compared with the F treatment, after the ICL+Ca and ICL+HA treatments, the nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency increased by 12.4% and 17.3% respectively, the phosphorus fertilizer recovery efficiency increased by 10.5% and 4.7% respectively, while the potassium fertilizer recovery efficiency decreased by 10.2% and 20.8% respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency of the ICL+HA treatment increased by 4.4% compared with the ICL+Ca treatment, while the phosphorus fertilizer recovery efficiency and potassium fertilizer recovery efficiency decreased by 5.3% and 11.8% respectively. After reducing the fertilizer by 20%, the recovery efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers all increased.

[0063] The water-soluble fertilizer of the calcium-added combined package significantly increased the tomato yield by increasing the number of fruits per plant, the number of flowers and the single fruit weight. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the water-soluble fertilizer of the humic acid-added package did not reduce the yield under the condition of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer input;

[0064] However, adding calcium and humic acid significantly increased the single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width and sugar content of the fruits while reducing the fruit hardness; compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, adding calcium and humic acid improved the contents of Vc, soluble protein, soluble sugar, lycopene and free amino acids in the fruits, thus improving the tomato quality;

[0065] After adding calcium and humic acid, by promoting the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in tomatoes, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer increased by 12.4% and 17.3%, and 10.5% and 4.7% respectively compared with conventional fertilization, while the utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer decreased; the combined package of adding humic acid was superior to the combined package of adding calcium in improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0066] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

[0067] The above description of the present invention and its implementation manners is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementation manners of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Generally speaking, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and design similar structural modes and embodiments without creative efforts without departing from the purpose of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes, characterized by: Including phase A and phase B, The A phase includes a1 and a2, and both a1 and a2 include a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, a calcium source, and trace elements; The B phase includes b1 and b2, and both b1 and b2 include a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, a potassium source, humic acid, and trace elements.

2. A combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of each component in a1 is 19% nitrogen, 16% phosphorus, 19% potassium and 3% calcium.

3. A combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of each component in a2 is 13% nitrogen, 6% phosphorus, 32% potassium and 5% calcium.

4. A combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components in b1 include 18% nitrogen, 17% phosphorus, 19% potassium and 2.5% humic acid.

5. The combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components of b2 include 9% nitrogen, 5% phosphorus, 38% potassium and 2.5% humic acid.

6. A method for applying a combined water-soluble fertilizer for improving the quality and efficiency of tomatoes, comprising using the combined water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The following steps are involved: The method comprises creating a combination package 1 and a combination package 2, wherein the combination package 1 comprises a1 and a2, and the combination package 2 comprises b1 and b2; and applying the combination package 1 and the combination package 2 during the growth period of tomatoes.

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