Fabricated building and construction method

Abstract

The fabricated building comprises prefabricated columns, prefabricated beams are arranged on the outer sides of the prefabricated columns, prefabricated floor slabs are arranged at the tops of the prefabricated columns, mounting holes are formed in the outer sides of the prefabricated floor slabs, and net-shaped steel bars are arranged in the prefabricated floor slabs; a first prefabricated external wall panel is arranged on the outer side of the prefabricated column, a second prefabricated external wall panel is arranged on the outer side of the prefabricated column, and a through hole is formed in the outer side of the second prefabricated external wall panel. According to the fabricated building and the construction method, through a unique connection mode, firm and reliable connection among all the components is ensured, the overall stability of the building structure is effectively improved, the overall shock resistance is improved, most of the components are prefabricated in a factory, on-site wet construction and construction procedures are reduced, rapid assembly can be achieved, and the construction cost is reduced. The construction period is greatly shortened, meanwhile, the generation of construction waste on a construction site is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the dimensional precision and the performance stability of the component are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to civil and industrial buildings, and particularly to a prefabricated building and a building method. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the construction industry faces various challenges such as improving construction efficiency, reducing costs, reducing environmental pollution, and ensuring construction quality. The traditional cast-in-place construction method has problems such as a long construction period, a large amount of on-site wet work, serious waste of resources, and being greatly affected by natural factors such as weather. As a new type of construction method, prefabricated buildings can effectively overcome many disadvantages of the traditional construction method by prefabricating building components in the factory and then transporting them to the construction site for assembly. A prefabricated building refers to transferring a large amount of on-site work in the traditional construction method to the factory. Building components and fittings are processed and manufactured in the factory and transported to the construction site of the building, and are assembled and installed on-site through reliable connection methods. Prefabricated buildings mainly include precast prefabricated concrete structures, steel structures, modern timber structures, etc. Because of adopting standardized design, industrialized production, assembled construction, informatized management, and intelligent application, which is the representative of modern industrial production methods. Therefore, there is a particular need for a prefabricated building and a building method.

[0003] However, there is still room for improvement in the reliability of component connection, the stability of the overall structure, and the convenience of construction methods in existing prefabricated buildings. The connection nodes of some prefabricated buildings are prone to problems such as loosening and deformation, affecting the overall safety of the building. Some construction methods are difficult in aspects such as component positioning and installation accuracy control, resulting in low construction efficiency, unable to ensure the firm and reliable connection between components, leading to a reduction in the overall stability of the building structure, unable to be assembled quickly, greatly increasing the construction period, increasing the generation of construction waste at the construction site, increasing energy consumption, resulting in possible quality problems in on-site construction, and unable to ensure the dimensional accuracy and performance stability of components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated building and a building method, so as to solve the problems in the prior art as mentioned in the above background technology. There is still room for improvement in aspects such as the reliability of component connection, the stability of the overall structure, and the convenience of construction methods for existing prefabricated buildings. The connection nodes of some prefabricated buildings are prone to problems such as loosening and deformation, affecting the overall safety of the building. Some construction methods are difficult in aspects such as component positioning and installation precision control, resulting in low construction efficiency, unable to ensure the firm and reliable connection between components, leading to a reduction in the overall stability of the building structure, unable to be assembled quickly, greatly increasing the construction period, increasing the generation of construction waste on the construction site, increasing energy consumption, resulting in possible quality problems in on-site construction, and unable to guarantee the dimensional accuracy and performance stability of components.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A prefabricated building and a building method, including precast columns. A precast hole is provided at the top of the precast column. A straight reinforcing bar I is arranged inside the precast column. A precast beam is arranged outside the precast column. A connecting reinforcing bar is fixedly installed outside the precast beam. A bent reinforcing bar I is fixedly installed at the top of the precast beam. A precast floor slab is arranged at the top of the precast column. An installation hole is provided outside the precast floor slab. A mesh reinforcing bar is arranged inside the precast floor slab. A bent reinforcing bar II is fixedly installed at the top of the precast floor slab. A straight reinforcing bar II is arranged inside the bent reinforcing bar II. A precast exterior wall panel I is arranged outside the precast column. A bent reinforcing bar III is fixedly installed outside the precast exterior wall panel I. A straight reinforcing bar III is fixedly installed at the top of the precast exterior wall panel I. A precast exterior wall panel II is arranged outside the precast column. A through hole is provided outside the precast exterior wall panel II. A bent reinforcing bar IV is fixedly installed outside the precast exterior wall panel II. A straight reinforcing bar IV is fixedly installed at the top of the precast exterior wall panel II.

[0006] Preferably, the horizontal cross-section of the precast column is in a "field" - shaped structure, and there are multiple identical precast columns.

[0007] Preferably, the precast beam and the precast column are fixedly connected through the connecting reinforcing bar, and the outer side of the connecting reinforcing bar is provided with threads.

[0008] Preferably, there are two identical groups of connecting reinforcing bars, and the two groups of connecting reinforcing bars are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the precast beam.

[0009] Preferably, the precast floor slab is prestressed, and connecting bolts are embedded at the bottom of the precast floor slab.

[0010] Preferably, the mesh reinforcing bar is connected by horizontal and vertical structures. The precast floor slab and the precast beam are connected by bolts, and the mesh reinforcing bar is adapted to the installation hole.

[0011] Preferably, there are three identical sets of the bent steel bars II and straight steel bars II, and the three sets of the bent steel bars II and straight steel bars II are equidistantly distributed on the top of the precast floor slab.

[0012] Preferably, the precast exterior wall panel I and the precast exterior wall panel II have the same size, the bent steel bars III and the bent steel bars IV have the same size, and the precast exterior wall panel I and the precast exterior wall panel II are fixedly connected to the precast column.

[0013] Preferably, there are two identical sets of the bent steel bars III, and the two sets of the bent steel bars III are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the precast exterior wall panel I. There are two identical sets of the bent steel bars IV, and the two sets of the bent steel bars IV are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the straight steel bar IV.

[0014] A construction method for an assembled building includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, precast component production:

[0016] In the precast component factory, molds for precast columns, precast beams, precast floor slabs and precast exterior wall panels are made according to the design requirements. The molds are made of high-precision steel to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the components;

[0017] For the precast column, put the steel reinforcement cage into the mold, then pour high-strength concrete, vibrate it thoroughly and cure it. After the curing is completed, remove the mold, install connecting sleeves at the top and bottom of the column, and conduct quality inspection;

[0018] The production process of the precast beam is similar. Put the steel reinforcement framework into the mold, pour concrete and cure it. Weld connecting steel bars at both ends of the beam and process threads on the connecting steel bars;

[0019] The precast floor slab adopts the prestressed tensioning process. Lay prestressed steel bars in the mold, then pour concrete. After curing and tension release, make a tongue-and-groove at the edge of the floor slab and embed connecting bolts at the bottom;

[0020] For the production of the precast exterior wall panel, first lay the inner layer concrete slab steel bars in the mold, pour the inner layer concrete, then place the insulation layer, then lay the outer layer concrete slab steel bars, pour the outer layer concrete, and install connecting angle steels after the curing is completed;

[0021] Step 2, on-site installation at the construction site:

[0022] During the construction preparation stage, build a temporary storage site according to the construction layout plan, set the parking position and walking route of the hoisting equipment, use surveying instruments such as total station to conduct on-site setting out, determine the installation positions of each component, and make marks;

[0023] When installing prefabricated columns, use a crane of appropriate tonnage to lift the prefabricated columns, align the bottom of the columns with the foundation cup, adjust the verticality of the columns through the wind ropes set at the top of the columns, use the theodolite to observe, and ensure that the verticality deviation is within the allowable range. Then, pour high-strength non-shrinkage grouting material into the cup. The grouting material should be poured continuously to ensure dense filling.

[0024] When installing the prefabricated beam, the crane will lift the prefabricated beam and slowly approach the prefabricated column. The operator will guide the connecting steel bars at both ends of the beam to align with the connecting sleeves at the top of the column, and then slowly lower the beam to screw the connecting steel bars into the connecting sleeves. The torque wrench will be used to tighten the connecting steel bars according to the torque value required by the design to ensure a firm connection.

[0025] Prefabricated floor slab installation, starting from one end of the building, lift the prefabricated floor slabs in sequence. During the lifting process of the floor slabs, pay attention to avoid collision with other components. After the floor slabs are in place, adjust the tongue and groove to make them tightly spliced. Use an electric wrench to tighten the connecting bolts at the bottom of the floor slabs to connect the floor slabs with the prefabricated beams. During the installation process, check the flatness of the floor slabs and the height difference between adjacent floor slabs at any time;

[0026] Prefabricated exterior wall panels are installed. The crane lifts the exterior wall panels so that the connecting angle steels around the exterior wall panels are aligned with the installation positions on the prefabricated columns and prefabricated beams. The exterior wall panels are temporarily fixed by installing bolts. Then, the flatness and verticality of the exterior wall panels are adjusted using a ruler and a level. After the adjustment is completed, the bolts are tightened.

[0027] Step 3: Node processing and waterproofing construction:

[0028] After the connection of each component is completed, the node should be sealed. First, the debris at the node should be cleaned up, and then the sealant should be applied to the node gap. The sealant should be evenly filled to ensure the sealing effect;

[0029] For waterproof construction, first paste waterproof tape on the joints of the exterior wall panels. The waterproof tape should be firmly pasted without bubbles and wrinkles. Then, apply waterproof sealant on the waterproof tape to further enhance the waterproof performance.

[0030] Step 4: Interior decoration and equipment installation:

[0031] The interior decoration is carried out according to the design plan. First, the wall base is treated, and then the wall is plastered and painted. The floor decoration is carried out according to the design requirements by choosing appropriate floor materials, such as floor tiles, wooden floors, etc., and the ceiling decoration can be carried out by means of suspended ceilings, etc.

[0032] Equipment installation. During the decoration process, water, electricity, ventilation and other equipment systems are installed simultaneously. Pipelines and lines are laid according to the design drawings. Various equipment and appliances are installed, and debugging and testing are carried out to ensure the normal operation of the equipment system.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The prefabricated building and construction method of the present invention, through unique connection methods, such as threaded connection between precast columns and precast beams, bolt connection between precast floor slabs and precast beams, and angle steel connection between precast exterior wall panels and the main structure, ensure the firm and reliable connection between components, effectively improve the overall stability of the building structure, and most components are prefabricated in the factory, reducing on-site wet operations and construction processes, enabling rapid assembly, and significantly shortening the construction period;

[0035] 2. The prefabricated building and construction method of the present invention, through the standardized production and installation of each component, facilitate construction management and quality control, improve the overall seismic resistance, reduce the generation of construction waste on the construction site, reduce energy consumption, and the sandwich insulation structure of the precast exterior wall panel improves the thermal insulation performance of the building, reducing energy consumption during the later use process. At the same time, factory production can strictly control the quality of components, avoiding quality problems that may occur during on-site construction;

[0036] 3. The prefabricated building and construction method of the present invention, through precise molds and production processes, ensure the dimensional accuracy and performance stability of components. While the components are being produced in the factory, preparatory work such as foundation construction can be carried out on-site. After the components are transported to the site, they can be quickly assembled. The factory production environment is stable, and standardized and mechanized production is adopted. The components have high dimensional accuracy and stable quality, effectively reducing common quality problems such as component cracks. The waterproof performance, thermal insulation performance, etc. of the exterior wall panels are also more guaranteed. Compared with traditional buildings, the prefabricated building has less on-site wet operations, less dust and noise pollution;

[0037] 4. The prefabricated building and construction method of the present invention can precisely control the material usage through factory production, reduce the generation of construction waste, and the components have better thermal insulation, heat insulation and other properties, which can improve the energy-saving effect of the building. During the construction process of the prefabricated building, the assembly operation is relatively simple, and the requirements for the number and skills of technical workers are relatively lower than those of traditional buildings, alleviating the labor shortage problem to a certain extent and reducing labor costs. In addition, the components can be optimized according to the design requirements, such as using thin-walled components, etc., which can increase the indoor usable space and improve the space utilization rate under the same building area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the precast column structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the split structure of the precast column of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the precast beam structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the precast floor slab structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the split structure of the precast floor slab of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the precast exterior wall panel structure of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0045] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the precast exterior wall panel structure of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0046] In the figure: 1, precast column; 2, precast hole; 3, straight steel bar 1; 4, precast beam; 5, connecting steel bar; 6, bent steel bar 1; 7, precast floor slab; 8, installation hole; 9, mesh steel bar; 10, bent steel bar 2; 11, straight steel bar 2; 12, precast exterior wall panel 1; 13, bent steel bar 3; 14, straight steel bar 3; 15, precast exterior wall panel 2; 16, through hole; 17, bent steel bar 4; 18, straight steel bar 4. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] Please refer to Figure 1-8, the present invention provides a technical solution: a prefabricated building and a building method, including a precast column 1, a precast hole 2 is opened at the top of the precast column 1, a straight reinforcing bar 3 is arranged inside the precast column 1, a precast beam 4 is arranged outside the precast column 1, a connecting reinforcing bar 5 is fixedly installed outside the precast beam 4, a bent reinforcing bar 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the precast beam 4, a precast floor slab 7 is arranged on the top of the precast column 1, an installation hole 8 is opened outside the precast floor slab 7, a mesh reinforcing bar 9 is arranged inside the precast floor slab 7, a bent reinforcing bar 10 is fixedly installed on the top of the precast floor slab 7, and a straight reinforcing bar 11 is arranged inside the bent reinforcing bar 10. A precast exterior wall panel 12 is arranged outside the precast column 1, a bent reinforcing bar 13 is fixedly installed outside the precast exterior wall panel 12, a straight reinforcing bar 14 is fixedly installed on the top of the precast exterior wall panel 12, a precast exterior wall panel 15 is arranged outside the precast column 1, a through hole 16 is opened outside the precast exterior wall panel 15, a bent reinforcing bar 17 is fixedly installed outside the precast exterior wall panel 15, and a straight reinforcing bar 18 is fixedly installed on the top of the precast exterior wall panel 15.

[0050] The horizontal section of the precast column 1 is in a "field" - shaped structure, and multiple identical precast columns 1 are provided. By setting the precast column 1, the precast column 1 is made of high - strength concrete, with a steel cage arranged inside. Connecting sleeves are reserved at the top and bottom of the column. The connecting sleeves are made of high - quality steel and are provided with internal threads inside for threaded connection with the connecting reinforcing bar 5. Installation of the precast column 1: Use a hoisting device to lift the precast column 1 and slowly place it into the cup - shaped opening reserved in the foundation. By adjusting the position and verticality of the column to meet the design requirements, then, pour high - strength non - shrinkage grouting material into the cup - shaped opening to fix the precast column 1 on the foundation.

[0051] The precast beam 4 is fixedly connected to the precast column 1 through the connecting reinforcing bar 5, and the outside of the connecting reinforcing bar 5 is provided with threads. By setting the precast beam 4, the precast beam 4 is also made of high - strength concrete, with a steel bar skeleton configured inside. Connecting reinforcing bars 5 are arranged at both ends of the beam. One end of the connecting reinforcing bar 5 is welded to the steel bar skeleton inside the beam, and the other end is processed with external threads to be adapted to the connecting sleeve at the top of the precast column 1.

[0052] Two identical groups of connecting reinforcing bars 5 are provided, and the two groups of connecting reinforcing bars 5 are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the precast beam 4. By setting the connecting reinforcing bar 5, installation of the precast beam 4: Lift the precast beam 4, align the connecting reinforcing bars 5 at both ends of the beam with the connecting sleeves at the top of the precast column 1, slowly lower the beam, and screw the connecting reinforcing bars 5 into the connecting sleeves. Tighten the connecting reinforcing bars 5 with a torque wrench to ensure the firm connection between the beam and the column.

[0053] The precast floor slab 7 is prestressed, and connecting bolts are embedded at the bottom of the precast floor slab 7. By providing the precast floor slab 7, which is a prestressed concrete floor slab, a tongue-and-groove is provided at the edge of the floor slab, and adjacent floor slabs are spliced with each other through the tongue-and-groove. Connecting bolts are embedded at the bottom of the floor slab for connecting with the precast beam 4.

[0054] The mesh reinforcement 9 is connected by two structures, horizontal and vertical. The precast floor slab 7 and the precast beam 4 are connected by bolts, and the mesh reinforcement 9 is adapted to the installation holes 8. By providing the mesh reinforcement 9, the precast floor slab 7 is installed as follows: The precast floor slab 7 is hoisted to the installation position in sequence, and spliced through the tongue-and-groove at the edge of the floor slab. After the floor slabs are spliced, an electric wrench is used to tighten the connecting bolts at the bottom of the floor slab to connect the floor slab and the precast beam 4 into a whole.

[0055] There are three identical groups of the bent reinforcement two 10 and the straight reinforcement two 11, and the three groups of the bent reinforcement two 10 and the straight reinforcement two 11 are equally spaced at the top of the precast floor slab 7. By providing the bent reinforcement two 10 and the straight reinforcement two 11, the connection nodes between the components are sealed and waterproofed. Sealant is applied at the connection nodes to prevent rainwater leakage. At the same time, waterproof tapes are pasted at the joints of the exterior wall panels to further enhance the waterproof effect.

[0056] The sizes of the precast exterior wall panel one 12 and the precast exterior wall panel two 15 are the same, and the sizes of the bent reinforcement three 13 and the bent reinforcement four 17 are the same. The precast exterior wall panel one 12 and the precast exterior wall panel two 15 are fixedly connected to the precast column 1. By providing the precast exterior wall panel one 12 and the precast exterior wall panel two 15, the precast exterior wall panel adopts a sandwich insulation structure, which consists of two outer layers of concrete panels and an intermediate insulation layer. Connecting angles are provided around the exterior wall panel and are connected to the precast column 1 and the precast beam 4 by bolts.

[0057] There are two identical groups of the bent reinforcement three 13, and the two groups of the bent reinforcement three 13 are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the precast exterior wall panel one 12. There are two identical groups of the bent reinforcement four 17, and the two groups of the bent reinforcement four 17 are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the straight reinforcement four 18. By providing the bent reinforcement three 13 and the bent reinforcement four 17, the precast exterior wall panel is installed as follows: The precast exterior wall panel is lifted so that the connecting angles around the exterior wall panel are aligned with the installation positions on the precast column 1 and the precast beam 4, and the exterior wall panel is connected and fixed to the main structure by bolts. During the installation process, pay attention to adjusting the flatness and perpendicularity of the exterior wall panel.

[0058] Embodiment 2

[0059] An assembled building and a building method adopt the assembled building and the building method in Embodiment 1, and further include the following steps:

[0060] Step 1, precast component production:

[0061] In the precast component factory, molds for precast columns, precast beams, precast floor slabs and precast exterior wall panels are made according to the design requirements. The molds are made of high-precision steel to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the components;

[0062] For precast columns, place the steel reinforcement cage into the mold, then pour high-strength concrete, vibrate it thoroughly and cure it. After the curing is completed, remove the mold, install connecting sleeves at the top and bottom of the column, and conduct quality inspection;

[0063] The production process of precast beams is similar. Place the steel reinforcement framework into the mold, pour concrete and cure it. Weld connecting steel bars at both ends of the beam and perform thread processing on the connecting steel bars;

[0064] The precast floor slab adopts the prestress tensioning process. Lay prestressed steel bars in the mold, then pour concrete. After curing and tension release, make keyways at the edges of the floor slab and embed connecting bolts at the bottom;

[0065] For the production of precast exterior wall panels, first lay the steel bars of the inner layer concrete slab in the mold, pour the inner layer concrete, then place the thermal insulation layer, and then lay the steel bars of the outer layer concrete slab and pour the outer layer concrete. After the curing is completed, install connecting angle steels;

[0066] Step 2. Installation at the construction site:

[0067] During the construction preparation stage, build a temporary storage site according to the construction layout plan, set the parking positions and travel routes of the hoisting equipment, use surveying instruments such as total stations to conduct on-site setting out, determine the installation positions of each component, and make marks;

[0068] When installing precast columns, select a crane with an appropriate tonnage, lift the precast column, align the bottom of the column with the foundation cup, adjust the verticality of the column through the guy ropes set at the top of the column, observe with a theodolite to ensure that the verticality deviation is within the allowable range, and then pour high-strength non-shrink grouting material into the cup. The grouting material should be poured continuously to ensure dense filling;

[0069] When installing precast beams, the crane lifts the precast beam, slowly approaches the precast column, and the operator guides the connecting steel bars at both ends of the beam to align with the connecting sleeves at the top of the column, and then slowly lower the beam to screw the connecting steel bars into the connecting sleeves, and use a torque wrench to tighten the connecting steel bars according to the torque value required by the design to ensure firm connection;

[0070] The installation of precast floor slabs starts from one end of the building. The precast floor slabs are hoisted in sequence. During the hoisting process of the floor slabs, pay attention to avoiding collision with other components. After the floor slabs are in place, adjust them to make the tongue-and-groove joints fit tightly with each other, and use an electric wrench to tighten the connecting bolts at the bottom of the floor slabs to connect the floor slabs with the precast beams. During the installation process, check the flatness of the floor slabs and the height difference between adjacent floor slabs at any time;

[0071] The installation of precast exterior wall panels: The crane hoists the exterior wall panels to align the connecting angle steels around the exterior wall panels with the installation positions on the precast columns and precast beams, and temporarily fixes the exterior wall panels with installation bolts. Then, use a straightedge and a level to adjust the flatness and verticality of the exterior wall panels. After the adjustment is completed, tighten the bolts;

[0072] Step 3: Joint treatment and waterproof construction:

[0073] For the connection joint treatment, after the connection of each component is completed, seal the joint. First, clean the sundries at the joint, and then apply sealant to the joint gap. The sealant should be evenly filled to ensure the sealing effect;

[0074] For the waterproof construction, at the joints of the exterior wall panels, first paste waterproof tape. The waterproof tape should be firmly pasted without bubbles and wrinkles. Then, apply waterproof sealant on the waterproof tape to further enhance the waterproof performance;

[0075] Step 4: Interior decoration and equipment installation:

[0076] The interior decoration is carried out according to the design plan. First, carry out the base treatment of the wall, and then carry out wall plastering, painting and other work. For the floor decoration, select appropriate floor materials such as floor tiles, wooden floors, etc. according to the design requirements for laying. The ceiling decoration can be carried out by means of ceiling suspension, etc.;

[0077] For the equipment installation, during the decoration process, synchronously carry out the installation of equipment systems such as water, electricity, and ventilation. Lay pipes and lines according to the design drawings, install various equipment and appliances, and carry out commissioning and testing to ensure the normal operation of the equipment system.

[0078] Working principle: When in use, the staff first checks the environment around the entire device and the status of each part of the device itself. If there are any problems, repair or replace the entire device in a timely manner. After the inspection, the staff first uses building information modeling technology, combines with the building design plan, and conducts detailed design of the precast components of the prefabricated building. In the virtual environment, accurately determine the dimensions, shapes, steel bar reinforcement, positions of reserved holes and embedded parts of each component, comprehensively simulate the component production and on-site assembly processes, discover and solve design conflicts in advance, and at the same time transmit the detailed design drawings to a modern precast component production factory. On the production line, use high-precision molds, and strictly carry out steel bar binding, concrete pouring and vibration according to the mix ratio to ensure accurate component dimensions and stable performance. During the production process, conduct quality inspections on each component, including strength, dimensional deviation, etc. After passing the inspection, mark a unique identification QR code for subsequent traceability management; At this time, the staff then prepares the construction site, including site leveling and positioning and setting out: Remove obstacles at the construction site, level and compact the site, and use surveying instruments such as total stations according to the design drawings to accurately carry out positioning and setting out, determine the building baseline, elevation and the installation positions of each precast component, set obvious positioning marks, build temporary office areas, worker living areas, material stacking areas and mechanical equipment parking areas. Set up special storage racks in the material stacking area to ensure that precast components are stored separately to avoid collision and damage. At the same time, install water and electricity lines to ensure the basic production and living needs of the construction site; In the precast component factory, make molds for precast columns, precast beams, precast floor slabs and precast exterior wall panels according to the design requirements. The molds are made of high-precision steel to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the components; For precast columns, place the steel cage into the mold, then pour high-strength concrete, vibrate it thoroughly and then cure it. After the curing is completed, remove the mold, install connecting sleeves at the top and bottom of the column, and conduct quality inspection; The production process of precast beams is similar. Place the steel bar framework into the mold, pour concrete and cure it. Weld connecting steel bars at both ends of the beam and carry out thread processing on the connecting steel bars; The precast floor slab adopts the prestressed tensioning process. Lay prestressed steel bars in the mold, then pour concrete. After curing and tension release, make a tongue-and-groove at the edge of the floor slab and embed connecting bolts at the bottom; For the production of precast exterior wall panels, first lay the steel bars of the inner concrete slab in the mold, pour the inner concrete, then place the insulation layer, and then lay the steel bars of the outer concrete slab and pour the outer concrete. After the curing is completed, install connecting angle steels; Customize the transportation plan: According to the dimensions, weights and quantities of the precast components, select appropriate transportation vehicles and formulate a scientific transportation route to ensure safe and efficient transportation. Set up special fixing devices on the transport vehicle to prevent the components from shifting and colliding during transportation. After the precast components are transported to the construction site, store them in an orderly manner according to the numbers and installation sequences. For large components, use special support equipment to ensure their stability;Small components are classified and stacked, with the height not exceeding the specified limit value. Good drainage facilities are set up in the storage area to prevent the components from getting damp or soaked in water. Foundation construction is carried out according to the design requirements. For pile foundations, accurately control the verticality and penetration depth of the piles; for raft foundations, ensure the quality of steel bar binding and concrete pouring. After the foundation construction is completed, conduct a foundation acceptance. Only after passing the acceptance can the subsequent construction be carried out; during the construction preparation stage, build a temporary storage site according to the construction layout plan, set the parking position and travel route of the hoisting equipment, use surveying instruments such as total station to conduct on-site layout, determine the installation positions of each component, and make marks; when installing precast columns, select a crane with an appropriate tonnage, lift the precast column, align the bottom of the column with the foundation cup, and adjust the verticality of the column through the guy ropes set at the top of the column. Use a theodolite for observation to ensure that the verticality deviation is within the allowable range. Then, pour high-strength non-shrinking grouting material into the cup. The grouting material should be continuously poured to ensure dense filling; when installing precast beams, the crane lifts the precast beam and slowly approaches the precast column. The operator guides the connecting steel bars at both ends of the beam to align with the connecting sleeves at the top of the column, and then slowly lowers the beam to screw the connecting steel bars into the connecting sleeves. Use a torque wrench to tighten the connecting steel bars according to the torque value required by the design to ensure firm connection; for the installation of precast floor slabs, start from one end of the building and hoist the precast floor slabs in sequence. During the hoisting process of the floor slabs, pay attention to avoiding collision with other components. After the floor slabs are in place, adjust to make the tongue-and-groove joints fit tightly with each other. Use an electric wrench to tighten the connecting bolts at the bottom of the floor slabs to connect the floor slabs with the precast beams. During the installation process, check the flatness of the floor slabs and the elevation difference between adjacent floor slabs at any time; for the installation of precast exterior wall panels, the crane lifts the exterior wall panels, align the connecting angle steels around the exterior wall panels with the installation positions on the precast columns and precast beams, temporarily fix the exterior wall panels through installation bolts, and then use a straightedge and a level to adjust the flatness and verticality of the exterior wall panels. After the adjustment is completed, tighten the bolts. And use a large tower crane or truck crane to hoist precast components. Through the intelligent positioning system on the lifting appliance, accurately lift the components to the installation position. When the components are in place, use the fine adjustment device for precise adjustment to ensure that the levelness, verticality and position deviation of the components meet the specification requirements. After the components are installed in place, carry out the node connection operation. For the grouting connection of steel bar sleeves, strictly follow the grouting process requirements to ensure that the grouting material is full and dense;For welded connections, control the welding current, voltage, and welding time to ensure the welding quality. After the connection is completed, conduct node quality inspections, including visual inspections, non-destructive flaw detection, etc. After the installation of prefabricated components, carry out the construction of the cast-in-place parts of the building, such as the cast-in-place concrete construction of floors and stairs, and the secondary structure construction of walls. During the construction process, pay attention to the bonding of new and old concrete to ensure the integrity of the structure. At the same time, carry out the interior and exterior wall decoration and finishing construction according to the design requirements, including wall plastering, tiling, floor laying, door and window installation, etc., and at the same time carry out the installation of equipment pipelines such as water, electricity, and heating, closely cooperate with the main building construction to avoid later rework. Finally, after all the construction contents are completed, organize the construction, design, construction, supervision and other units to conduct the completion acceptance, comprehensively inspect the structural safety, service function, appearance quality, etc. of the building, and promptly rectify the existing problems to ensure that the quality of the prefabricated building meets the design and specification requirements and is delivered for use.

[0079] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

Claims

1. An assembled building, comprising a prefabricated column (1), characterized in that: A precast column (1) has a precast hole (2) opened at its top. A straight reinforcing bar I (3) is arranged inside the precast column (1). A precast beam (4) is arranged outside the precast column (1). A connecting reinforcing bar (5) is fixedly installed outside the precast beam (4). A bent reinforcing bar I (6) is fixedly installed at the top of the precast beam (4). A precast floor slab (7) is arranged at the top of the precast column (1). An installation hole (8) is opened outside the precast floor slab (7). A mesh reinforcing bar (9) is arranged inside the precast floor slab (7). A bent reinforcing bar II (10) is fixedly installed at the top of the precast floor slab (7). A straight reinforcing bar II (11) is arranged inside the bent reinforcing bar II (10). A precast exterior wall panel I (12) is arranged outside the precast column (1). A bent reinforcing bar III (13) is fixedly installed outside the precast exterior wall panel I (12). A straight reinforcing bar III (14) is fixedly installed at the top of the precast exterior wall panel I (12). A precast exterior wall panel II (15) is arranged outside the precast column (1). A through hole (16) is opened outside the precast exterior wall panel II (15). A bent reinforcing bar IV (17) is fixedly installed outside the precast exterior wall panel II (15). A straight reinforcing bar IV (18) is fixedly installed at the top of the precast exterior wall panel II (15).

2. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal cross-section of the precast column (1) is in a "field" - shaped structure, and there are multiple identical precast columns (1).

3. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precast beam (4) and the precast column (1) are fixedly connected through the connecting reinforcing bar (5), and the outer side of the connecting reinforcing bar (5) is provided with threads.

4. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two identical groups of the connecting reinforcing bars (5), and the two groups of the connecting reinforcing bars (5) are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the precast beam (4).

5. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precast floor slab (7) is prestressed and tensioned, and connecting bolts are embedded at the bottom of the precast floor slab (7).

6. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh reinforcing bar (9) is connected by two structures of horizontal and vertical. The precast floor slab (7) and the precast beam (4) are connected by bolts, and the mesh reinforcing bar (9) is adapted to the installation hole (8).

7. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are three identical groups of the bent reinforcing bar II (10) and the straight reinforcing bar II (11), and the three groups of the bent reinforcing bar II (10) and the straight reinforcing bar II (11) are equidistantly distributed at the top of the precast floor slab (7).

8. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sizes of the precast exterior wall panel I (12) and the precast exterior wall panel II (15) are the same. The sizes of the bent reinforcing bar III (13) and the bent reinforcing bar IV (17) are the same. The precast exterior wall panel I (12) and the precast exterior wall panel II (15) are fixedly connected to the precast column (1).

9. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two identical groups of the bent reinforcing bar III (13), and the two groups of the bent reinforcing bar III (13) are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the precast exterior wall panel I (12). There are two identical groups of the bent reinforcing bar IV (17), and the two groups of the bent reinforcing bar IV (17) are symmetrically distributed about the vertical center line of the straight reinforcing bar IV (18).

10. A method for constructing an assembled building, characterized in that: An assembled building according to any one of claims 1 - 9 further includes the following steps: Step 1: Production of precast components: In the prefabricated component factory, molds for prefabricated columns, prefabricated beams, prefabricated floor slabs and prefabricated exterior wall panels are made according to design requirements. The molds are made of high-precision steel to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the components; For precast columns, the steel cage is placed in the mold, and then high-strength concrete is poured. After vibrating and compacting, it is cured. After the curing is completed, the mold is removed, and the connection sleeves are installed at the top and bottom of the column, and the quality inspection is carried out; The production process of precast beams is similar, with the steel skeleton placed in a mold, concrete poured and cured, the connecting steel bars welded at both ends of the beam, and the connecting steel bars threaded; Prefabricated floor slabs adopt the prestressed tensioning process. Prestressed steel bars are laid in the mold, and then concrete is poured. After curing and tensioning, tongues and grooves are made on the edges of the floor slabs, and connecting bolts are embedded at the bottom. In the production of prefabricated exterior wall panels, first lay the inner concrete slab reinforcement in the mold, pour the inner concrete, then place the insulation layer, then lay the outer concrete slab reinforcement, pour the outer concrete, and install the connecting angle steel after the curing is completed; Step 2: Installation at the construction site: During the construction preparation stage, a temporary storage area is built according to the construction plan, the parking position and walking route of the lifting equipment are set, and the total station and other measuring instruments are used to lay out the lines on site, determine the installation position of each component, and mark them; When installing prefabricated columns, use a crane of appropriate tonnage to lift the prefabricated columns, align the bottom of the columns with the foundation cup, adjust the verticality of the columns through the wind ropes set at the top of the columns, use the theodolite to observe, and ensure that the verticality deviation is within the allowable range. Then, pour high-strength non-shrinkage grouting material into the cup. The grouting material should be poured continuously to ensure dense filling. When installing the prefabricated beam, the crane will lift the prefabricated beam and slowly approach the prefabricated column. The operator will guide the connecting steel bars at both ends of the beam to align with the connecting sleeves at the top of the column, and then slowly lower the beam to screw the connecting steel bars into the connecting sleeves. The torque wrench will be used to tighten the connecting steel bars according to the torque value required by the design to ensure a firm connection. Prefabricated floor slab installation, starting from one end of the building, lift the prefabricated floor slabs in sequence. During the lifting process of the floor slabs, pay attention to avoid collision with other components. After the floor slabs are in place, adjust the tongue and groove to make them tightly spliced. Use an electric wrench to tighten the connecting bolts at the bottom of the floor slabs to connect the floor slabs with the prefabricated beams. During the installation process, check the flatness of the floor slabs and the height difference between adjacent floor slabs at any time; Prefabricated exterior wall panels are installed. The crane lifts the exterior wall panels so that the connecting angle steels around the exterior wall panels are aligned with the installation positions on the prefabricated columns and prefabricated beams. The exterior wall panels are temporarily fixed by installing bolts. Then, the flatness and verticality of the exterior wall panels are adjusted using a ruler and a level. After the adjustment is completed, the bolts are tightened. Step 3: Node processing and waterproofing construction: After the connection of each component is completed, the node should be sealed. First, the debris at the node should be cleaned up, and then the sealant should be applied to the node gap. The sealant should be evenly filled to ensure the sealing effect; For waterproof construction, first paste waterproof tape on the joints of the exterior wall panels. The waterproof tape should be firmly pasted without bubbles and wrinkles. Then, apply waterproof sealant on the waterproof tape to further enhance the waterproof performance. Step 4: Interior decoration and equipment installation: The interior decoration is carried out according to the design plan. First, the wall base is treated, and then the wall is plastered and painted. The floor decoration is carried out according to the design requirements by choosing appropriate floor materials, such as floor tiles, wooden floors, etc., and the ceiling decoration can be carried out by means of suspended ceilings, etc. Equipment installation. During the decoration process, water, electricity, ventilation and other equipment systems are installed simultaneously. Pipelines and lines are laid according to the design drawings. Various equipment and appliances are installed, and debugging and testing are carried out to ensure the normal operation of the equipment system.

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