Device and method for detecting abnormal gas production of transformer based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformer abnormal gas production detection device and method based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and the device comprises a gas collection part which is used for collecting gas generated when a transformer breaks down and taking the gas as to-be-detected gas; the high-energy laser excitation part is used for outputting high-energy pulse laser and emitting the high-energy pulse laser to the to-be-detected gas collected by the gas collection part, so that the high-energy pulse laser acts on air to excite the plasma; the spectral information acquisition part is used for acquiring optical radiation emitted by the excited plasma and acquiring spectral information of the optical radiation while the high-energy pulse laser is output; and the data processing part is used for sequentially controlling the output of the high-energy pulse laser and the acquisition of optical radiation, and processing the spectral information to obtain the element composition of the to-be-detected gas and the content information of each element. According to the invention, the online monitoring capability of the abnormal gas production fault of the transformer can be effectively improved, and the reason diagnosis capability of the abnormal gas production fault of the transformer is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection technology and spectral analysis, and particularly to a device and method for detecting abnormal gas production in a transformer by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Background Art

[0002] As a core component in the power system, a transformer plays a crucial role in the process of power transmission and distribution. Once a transformer fails, it will lead to large-scale power outages, seriously threatening the lives and property safety of the people. During transformer failures, overheating and discharges between oil-paper insulation will cause the insulating oil to crack and produce gases, mainly including hydrogen, methane, ethylene, ethane, acetylene, carbon dioxide, etc.

[0003] Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emission spectroscopy technique. Due to its advantages such as simplicity, real-time, rapidity, non-destructiveness, simultaneous multi-element analysis, no need for complex sample preparation, and low analysis cost, it has been widely used in fields such as metallurgical analysis, elemental analysis, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine. The LIBS technology can focus a high-energy laser on a point, causing the sample to form a plasma through high-energy laser ablation. During the cooling process of the plasma, when various elemental particles transition from high energy levels to low energy levels, they will emit different characteristic spectral lines. By collecting and analyzing the spectral lines in the spectrum, the composition elements and contents of the sample can be obtained, thereby realizing quantitative analysis of the characteristic gases of abnormal gas production in the transformer.

[0004] Using dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of abnormal gas production during transformer failures and combining it with the IEC three-ratio method is currently the most commonly used method for judging transformer failures. However, this method requires suspending the transformer operation and extracting oil samples on-site, and it cannot achieve fast, in-situ, and economical detection.

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a new device to measure the gas components when a transformer has an abnormal gas production fault, so as to provide a more convenient, rapid, and economical solution for the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the transformer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for detecting abnormal gas production in a transformer by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The present invention designs a new device (i.e., a device for detecting abnormal gas production in a transformer based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) to detect the gas components of abnormal gas production in the transformer, which can effectively improve the efficiency of transformer fault diagnosis and enhance the on-line monitoring ability of the transformer state.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a transformer abnormal gas production detection device for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, which device comprises:

[0009] A gas collection component, configured to collect the gas when the transformer fails and use it as the gas to be measured;

[0010] A high-energy laser excitation component, which is arranged inside the gas collection component, configured to output high-energy pulsed laser and strike the high-energy pulsed laser on the gas to be measured collected by the gas collection component, so that the high-energy pulsed laser acts on the air to excite plasma;

[0011] A spectral information acquisition component, configured to collect the light radiation emitted by the excited plasma and obtain the spectral information of the light radiation while the high-energy pulsed laser is output;

[0012] A data processing component, configured to perform timing control on the output of the high-energy pulsed laser and the acquisition of the light radiation, and after processing the spectral information, obtain the elemental composition and content information of each element of the gas to be measured.

[0013] Compared with the existing oil-dissolved gas analysis and detection device, the transformer abnormal gas production detection device for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy provided by the present invention uses high-energy pulsed laser to excite the gas to form continuous plasma, which can reduce the gas detection time, and can simultaneously realize real-time detection and in-situ detection during the on-line operation of the transformer, and can also play a role in monitoring the operation state of the transformer, and can improve the utilization rate of the transformer; at the same time, it can effectively measure the intensity of the characteristic spectral lines of each element radiated by the plasma formed by the gas to be measured, and then obtain the component and content information of the generated gas. The present invention can effectively improve the on-line monitoring ability of the transformer abnormal gas production fault and improve the diagnosis ability of the cause of the transformer abnormal gas production fault.

[0014] Further, the gas collection component is made of epoxy resin, and the gas collection component is fixed above the outer wall of the transformer conservator.

[0015] Further, the gas collection component is a box-shaped device closely attached to the upper outer wall of the transformer conservator, and an air pump is provided on the inner wall of the component close to the conservator, and an air valve and an outlet hole are provided at the other end;

[0016] Wherein, the air suction port of the air pump is communicated with the inner cavity of the transformer conservator, and is installed at the end of the gas collection component without an air valve; one end of the wire led out from the outlet hole is connected to the laser emission controller, the laser power supply and the auxiliary discharge component power supply outside the transformer, and the other end is connected to the spectral information acquisition component outside the transformer.

[0017] Further, the high-energy laser excitation component includes a high-energy pulsed laser and a focusing lens. Both the high-energy pulsed laser and the focusing lens are fixedly installed on the gas collection component. Specifically, the focusing lens can be installed on one side wall of the gas collection component. The laser output by the high-energy pulsed laser is aligned with the center of the focusing lens, that is, the center of the focusing lens is aligned with the optical axis of the laser;

[0018] Among them, the high-energy pulsed laser is used to continuously output high-energy pulsed laser;

[0019] The focusing lens is used to focus the high-energy pulsed laser on the gas to be measured where anomalies occur, so that the high-energy pulsed laser continuously excites the gas to be measured to form a plasma.

[0020] Further, the high-energy pulsed laser uses a high-energy pulsed laser with a single-pulse energy greater than 100 mJ.

[0021] Further, the spectral information acquisition component includes a dichroic mirror, a collection lens, an optical fiber, and a spectrometer. The dichroic mirror, the collection lens, and the optical fiber are all installed inside the gas collection component, and the spectrometer is installed outside the transformer;

[0022] The dichroic mirror is used to transmit the laser focused by the focusing lens and reflect the light of the excited plasma to the collection lens; the dichroic mirror is arranged between the high-energy pulsed laser and the focusing lens. The laser output by the high-energy pulsed laser is aligned with the center of the dichroic mirror, and the included angle between the dichroic mirror and the focusing lens is 45°;

[0023] The collection lens is used to focus the plasma light and transmit it to the optical fiber; the collection lens is installed on the bottom inner wall of the gas collection component. The included angle between the collection lens and the focusing lens is 90°, and the center is aligned with the dichroic mirror;

[0024] The optical fiber is used to transmit the optical signal of the plasma to the spectrometer; the optical fiber is installed on another side wall of the gas collection device. The optical fiber port is parallel to the focusing lens, and the center of the optical fiber port is aligned with the center of the collection lens;

[0025] The spectrometer is used to process and obtain the spectral information of the plasma.

[0026] Further, the focusing lens uses a biconvex quartz lens.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for detecting abnormal gas production in a transformer by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The detection method includes:

[0028] Collect the gas when the transformer fails through the gas collection component and use it as the gas to be measured;

[0029] The high-energy laser excitation component outputs high-energy pulsed laser, and the high-energy pulsed laser is directed at the gas to be measured collected by the gas collection component, so that the high-energy pulsed laser acts on the air to excite plasma;

[0030] While the high-energy pulsed laser is output, the spectral information acquisition component collects the light radiation emitted by the excited plasma and obtains the spectral information of the light radiation; and

[0031] The data processing component controls the output of the high-energy pulsed laser and the collection of the light radiation in time sequence, and after processing the spectral information, the elemental composition and the content information of each element of the gas to be measured are obtained.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0033] The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy transformer abnormal gas production detection device and method of the present invention uses high-energy pulsed laser to excite gas to form continuous plasma, which can reduce the gas detection time, and can simultaneously realize real-time detection and in-situ detection during the on-line operation of the transformer. It can also play a role in monitoring the operation state of the transformer and improve the utilization rate of the transformer; at the same time, it can effectively measure the intensity of the characteristic spectral lines of each element radiated by the plasma formed by the gas to be measured, and then obtain the component and content information of the generated gas. The present invention can effectively improve the on-line monitoring ability of the transformer abnormal gas production fault and improve the diagnostic ability of the cause of the transformer abnormal gas production fault. Description of the Drawings

[0034] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, form a part of this application, and do not limit the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 is the overall block diagram of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy transformer abnormal gas production detection device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy transformer abnormal gas production detection device of the present invention.

[0037] Reference numerals and corresponding component names:

[0038] 10 - gas collection component, 11 - air pump, 12 - gas valve, 13 - lead-out hole; 20 - high-energy laser excitation component, 21 - high-energy pulsed laser, 22 - focusing lens, 30 - spectral information acquisition component, 31 - dichroic mirror, 32 - acquisition lens, 33 - optical fiber, 34 - spectrometer, 40 - data processing component. Detailed Embodiments

[0039] Hereinafter, the term "comprising" or "may comprise" that can be used in various embodiments of the present invention indicates the presence of the invented functions, operations, or elements, and does not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Further, as used in various embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprising", "having", and their cognates are only intended to represent a specific feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing items, and should not be construed as precluding the existence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing items or the possibility of adding one or more features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing items.

[0040] In various embodiments of the present invention, the expression "or" or "at least one of A or / and B" includes any combination or all combinations of the recited words. For example, the expression "A or B" or "at least one of A or / and B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0041] Expressions (such as "first", "second", etc.) used in various embodiments of the present invention may modify various constituent elements in the various embodiments, but do not limit the corresponding constituent elements. For example, the above expressions do not limit the order and / or importance of the elements. The above expressions are only for the purpose of distinguishing one element from other elements. For example, a first user device and a second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention, the first element may be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element may also be referred to as the first element.

[0042] It should be noted that: if it is described that one constituent element is "connected" to another constituent element, the first constituent element may be directly connected to the second constituent element, and a third constituent element may be "connected" between the first constituent element and the second constituent element. Conversely, when one constituent element is "directly connected" to another constituent element, it can be understood that there is no third constituent element between the first constituent element and the second constituent element.

[0043] The terms used in various embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the various embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to also include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the various embodiments of the present invention pertain. The terms (such as those defined in a commonly used dictionary) will be interpreted as having the same meaning as the contextual meaning in the relevant technical field and will not be interpreted as having an idealized meaning or an overly formal meaning unless clearly defined in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] As Figure 1 shown, in view of the problems of low efficiency, poor economy and inability to achieve on-line detection existing in the existing transformer abnormal gas production detection device, an abnormal gas production detection device for a transformer based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in this embodiment includes:

[0047] A gas collection component 10, which is used to collect the gas when the transformer fails and use it as the gas to be measured;

[0048] A high-energy laser excitation component 20, which is arranged in the gas collection component 10 and is used to output high-energy pulsed laser and hit the high-energy pulsed laser on the gas to be measured collected by the gas collection component 10, so that the high-energy pulsed laser acts on the air to excite plasma;

[0049] A spectral information acquisition component 30, which is used to collect the light radiation emitted by the excited plasma while the high-energy pulsed laser is output and obtain the spectral information of the light radiation;

[0050] A data processing component 40, which is used to control the output of the high-energy pulsed laser and the acquisition of the light radiation in time sequence, and after processing the spectral information, obtain the elemental composition and the content information of each element of the gas to be measured.

[0051] Compared with the existing dissolved gas analysis detection device in oil, an abnormal gas production detection device for a transformer based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy provided by the present invention uses high-energy pulsed laser to excite abnormal gas to form plasma, which can reduce a series of cumbersome and time-consuming steps of first shutting down the transformer and then taking oil and detecting, and realizes on-line, in-situ and rapid detection and monitoring, which can improve the utilization rate of the transformer and ensure the safe operation of the transformer. The present invention can effectively improve the on-line monitoring ability of the transformer abnormal gas production fault and improve the diagnostic ability of the cause of the transformer abnormal gas production fault.

[0052] In one embodiment, the gas collection component 10 is made of epoxy resin, and the gas collection component 10 is fixed above the outer wall of the transformer conservator. Specifically, the gas collection component 10 is a box-shaped device that fits on the upper outer wall of the transformer conservator.

[0053] In one embodiment, as Figure 2As shown, the gas collection component 10 also includes an air pump 11, the air suction port of the air pump 11 is connected to the inner cavity of the transformer oil pillow, and is installed at one end of the gas collection component 10 without the air valve 12. Specifically, the air suction port of the air pump 11 is set on the gas collection component 10, and the air pump 11 stops working when the high-energy laser excitation component 20 is working. On the one hand, the gas produced when the transformer produces gas abnormally can be sucked into the gas collection component, and on the other hand, the gas in the transformer oil pillow and the gas collection component 10 can be discharged after the air valve 12 is opened, so as to ensure the safe and accurate operation of the transformer and the transformer abnormal gas production detection device.

[0054] Specifically, a gas valve 12 is provided at one end of the gas collecting component 10 for discharging the combustible gas accumulated in the transformer oil pillow and the gas collecting component 10 when the transformer produces gas abnormally, while also avoiding safety hazards caused by excessive gas pressure.

[0055] In one embodiment, the gas collection component 10 also includes a lead-out hole 13 for leading the laser's wires and optical fibers out of the gas collection component; the lead-out hole 13 is arranged on the other end face of the gas valve 12; one end of the wire led out of the lead-out hole 13 is connected to the laser emission controller, laser power supply and auxiliary discharge component power supply outside the transformer, and the other end is connected to the spectral information acquisition component 30 outside the transformer.

[0056] In one embodiment, the high-energy laser excitation component 20 includes a high-energy pulse laser 21 and a focusing lens 22, and the high-energy pulse laser 21 and the focusing lens 22 are both fixedly mounted on the gas collection component 10. Specifically, the focusing lens 22 can be mounted on a side wall of the gas collection component 10, and the laser output by the high-energy pulse laser 21 is aligned with the center of the focusing lens 22, that is, the center of the focusing lens is aligned with the optical axis of the laser;

[0057] Wherein, the high energy pulse laser 21 is used to continuously output high energy pulse laser;

[0058] The focusing lens 22 is used to focus the high-energy pulse laser on the abnormally generated gas to be tested, so that the high-energy pulse laser continuously excites the gas to be tested to form plasma.

[0059] In the above technical solution, the laser output by the high-energy pulse laser passes through the focusing lens 22 and excites the gas to form plasma in a short time.

[0060] Specifically, the high-energy pulsed laser 21 provided in this embodiment can output laser pulses with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a repetition frequency of 10 Hz, and a pulse width of 6 - 8 ns. The high-energy pulsed laser 21 uses a high-energy pulsed laser with a single-pulse energy greater than 100 mJ, and the maximum output energy is 200 mJ of high-energy pulsed laser. The focusing lens can use a biconvex quartz lens with a focal length of 100 mm.

[0061] In one embodiment, the spectral information acquisition component 30 includes a dichroic mirror 31, an acquisition lens 32, an optical fiber 33, and a spectrometer 34. The dichroic mirror 31, the acquisition lens 32, and the optical fiber 33 are all installed inside the gas collection component 10, and the spectrometer 34 is installed outside the transformer;

[0062] The dichroic mirror 31 is used to transmit the laser beam focused by the focusing lens 22 and reflect the excited plasma light to the acquisition lens 32; the dichroic mirror 31 is arranged between the high-energy pulsed laser 21 and the focusing lens 22. The laser output by the high-energy pulsed laser 21 is aligned with the center of the dichroic mirror 31, and the included angle between the dichroic mirror 31 and the focusing lens 22 is 45°;

[0063] The acquisition lens 32 is used to focus the plasma light and transmit it to the optical fiber 33; the acquisition lens 32 is installed on the bottom inner wall of the gas collection component 10. The included angle between the acquisition lens 32 and the focusing lens 22 is 90°, and the centers are aligned with the dichroic mirror 31;

[0064] The optical fiber 33 is used to transmit the optical signal of the plasma to the spectrometer; the optical fiber 33 is installed on the other side wall of the gas collection device. The port of the optical fiber 33 is parallel to the focusing lens 22, and the center of the port of the optical fiber 33 is aligned with the center of the acquisition lens 32;

[0065] The spectrometer 34 is used to analyze the plasma light to obtain the spectral information of the plasma. Specifically, the spectrometer 34 can use a medium-grade grating spectrometer (Andor, ME5000). The grating spectrometer can decompose the incoming light into different colors according to the wavelength and measure the light intensity at each wavelength. Through spectral analysis, the spectral characteristics of the sample can be determined, such as absorption, emission, or reflection at specific wavelengths, thereby helping to determine the chemical composition, structure, or physical properties of the sample.

[0066] It should be noted that the delay time between the excitation of the high-energy pulsed laser and the acquisition of the plasma optical signal by the spectrometer can be calibrated multiple times according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral signal to obtain the best signal-to-noise ratio.

[0067] In the above technical solution, the high-energy pulsed laser output by the high-energy pulsed laser 21 can pass through the dichroic mirror 31, and after passing through the focusing lens, it excites the gas to form a plasma. The light radiation of the plasma is focused by the focusing lens, reflected by the dichroic mirror 31, and then focused on the end face of the optical fiber 33 through the collecting lens 32, and is transmitted to the spectrometer 34 through the optical fiber 33.

[0068] In one embodiment, the data processing component 40 includes a timing control unit and a spectral information processing unit. The spectral information processing unit is respectively connected to the high-energy pulsed laser 21 and the spectrometer 34.

[0069] The working principle of the data processing component 40 provided in this embodiment is as follows: The high-energy pulsed laser 21 is triggered in advance to output high-energy pulsed laser to excite the gas to form a plasma; at the same time, the timing control unit in the processor triggers the spectrometer 34 to perform timing acquisition on the light radiation emitted by the plasma. The spectral information processing unit in the processor is used to obtain and analyze the spectral information obtained by the spectrometer 34 processing the light radiation, so as to obtain the elemental composition and content of the abnormal gas.

[0070] Specifically, the data processing component 40 can perform common data processing operations in the art such as denoising, background removal, and spectral peak fitting on the spectral information obtained by the spectrometer 34 to obtain an ideal spectrum, and accordingly obtain the elemental composition and the content information of each element in the gas.

[0071] Embodiment 2

[0072] As Figure 2 shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment provides a method for detecting abnormal gas production in a transformer by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and this method is based on the device for detecting abnormal gas production in a transformer by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in Embodiment 1. The detection method includes:

[0073] Collect the gas generated when the transformer fails through the gas collection component 10 and use it as the gas to be measured;

[0074] Output high-energy pulsed laser through the high-energy laser excitation component 20, and hit the high-energy pulsed laser on the gas to be measured collected by the gas collection component 10, so that the high-energy pulsed laser acts on the air to excite a plasma;

[0075] While the high-energy pulsed laser is output, collect the light radiation emitted by the excited plasma through the spectral information collection component 30, and obtain the spectral information of the light radiation; and

[0076] Timing control the output of the high-energy pulsed laser and the collection of the light radiation by the data processing component 40, and after processing the spectral information, obtain the elemental composition and the content information of each element of the gas to be measured.

[0077] The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer abnormal gas production detection device based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, characterized in that: The detection device comprises: A gas collecting component (10) is used to collect gas when a transformer fails and use it as a gas to be tested; A high-energy laser excitation component (20) is arranged in the gas collection component (10) and is used to output high-energy pulse laser and project the high-energy pulse laser onto the gas to be measured collected by the gas collection component (10), so that the high-energy pulse laser acts on the air to excite plasma; A spectrum information collection component (30) is used to collect light radiation emitted by the excited plasma while the high-energy pulse laser is output, and obtain spectrum information of the light radiation; The data processing component (40) is used for sequentially controlling the output of the high-energy pulse laser and the collection of the light radiation, and processing the spectrum information to obtain the element composition and the content of each element of the gas to be measured.

2. The device for detecting abnormal gas generation in transformers by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas collecting component (10) is made of epoxy resin and is fixed above the outer wall of the transformer oil pillow.

3. The device for detecting abnormal gas generation in transformers by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The gas collecting component (10) is a box-shaped device that fits on the outer wall of the transformer oil pillow. An end surface of the gas collecting component (10) is provided with a gas valve (12).

4. The device for detecting abnormal gas generation in transformers by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The gas collection component (10) further comprises an air extraction pump (11), the air extraction port of which is in communication with the inner cavity of the transformer oil pillow and is installed at the end of the gas collection component (10) where the air valve (12) is not provided.

5. The device for detecting abnormal gas generation in transformers by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The gas collecting component (10) further comprises an outlet hole (13), wherein the outlet hole (13) is arranged on the other end surface of the gas valve (12); One end of the wire led out of the lead-out hole (13) is connected to a laser emission controller, a laser power supply and an auxiliary discharge component power supply outside the transformer, and the other end is connected to a spectrum information collection component (30) outside the transformer.

6. The device for detecting abnormal gas generation in transformers by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-energy laser excitation component (20) comprises a high-energy pulse laser (21) and a focusing lens (22); the high-energy pulse laser (21) and the focusing lens (22) are both fixedly mounted on the gas collection component (10); the laser light output by the high-energy pulse laser (21) is aligned with the center of the focusing lens (22); Wherein, the high energy pulse laser (21) is used to continuously output high energy pulse laser; The focusing lens (22) is used to focus the high-energy pulse laser on the abnormally generated gas to be measured, so that the high-energy pulse laser continuously excites the gas to be measured to form plasma.

7. The device for detecting abnormal gas generation in transformers by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The high energy pulse laser (21) is a high energy pulse laser with a single pulse energy greater than 100 mJ.

8. The device for detecting abnormal gas generation in transformers by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spectral information collection component (30) comprises a dichroic mirror (31), a collection lens (32), an optical fiber (33) and a spectrometer (34); the dichroic mirror (31), the collection lens (32) and the optical fiber (33) are all installed inside the gas collection component (10), and the spectrometer (34) is installed outside the transformer; The dichroic mirror (31) is used to transmit the laser light focused by the focusing lens (22) and reflect the excited plasma light to the collection lens (32); the dichroic mirror (31) is arranged between the high-energy pulse laser (21) and the focusing lens (22); the laser light output by the high-energy pulse laser (21) is aligned with the center of the dichroic mirror (31); and the angle between the dichroic mirror (31) and the focusing lens (22) is 45°; The collecting lens (32) is used to focus the plasma light and transmit it to the optical fiber (33); the collecting lens (32) is installed on the bottom inner wall of the gas collection component (10), the angle between the collecting lens (32) and the focusing lens (22) is 90°, and the center is aligned with the dichroic mirror (31); The optical fiber (33) is used to transmit the optical signal of the plasma to the spectrometer; the optical fiber (33) is installed on the other side wall of the gas collection device, the end of the optical fiber (33) is parallel to the focusing lens (22), and the center of the end of the optical fiber (33) is aligned with the center of the collection lens (32); The spectrometer (34) is used to process the spectrum information of the plasma.

9. The device for detecting abnormal gas generation in transformers by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The focusing lens (22) is a double convex quartz lens.

10. The detection method of the transformer abnormal gas generation detection device using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The test method includes: The gas collected by the gas collecting component (10) when the transformer fails is used as the gas to be tested; A high-energy pulse laser is outputted through a high-energy laser excitation component (20), and the high-energy pulse laser is directed onto the gas to be measured collected by the gas collection component (10), so that the high-energy pulse laser acts on the air to excite plasma; While the high-energy pulse laser is outputting, light radiation emitted by the excited plasma is collected by a spectrum information collection component (30), and spectrum information of the light radiation is obtained; and The output of the high-energy pulse laser and the collection of the light radiation are controlled in time sequence by a data processing component (40), and the element composition and the content information of each element of the gas to be measured are obtained after the spectrum information is processed.

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