A four-phase phased array system based on multi-front dynamic signal synthesis

Abstract

This invention proposes a four-face phased array system based on multi-face dynamic signal synthesis, belonging to the field of wireless communications technology. The system comprises four symmetrically distributed facets, each equipped with an independent signal processing module. It also includes a dynamic overlap region signal synthesis module, an adaptive element activation module, a closed-loop phase correction module, and a central synthesis control module. This system enables dynamic signal synthesis in the overlap region of multiple facets, reduces phase error, and simultaneously suppresses multipath interference and nonlinear distortion. It also optimizes the element activation strategy to improve response speed and gain stability in scanning boundary areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and specifically relates to a four-surface phased array system based on multi-surface dynamic signal synthesis. The system can be used for UAV and satellite communications, and is particularly suitable for multi-target tracking, wide-angle scanning, and signal synthesis and synchronous calibration in high-dynamic environments. Background Art

[0002] Traditional phased array systems have the following problems when scanning at wide angles:

[0003] (1) Inter-array signal interference: adjacent arrays overlap in the scanning boundary area (such as ±45°), resulting in phase inconsistency and gain fluctuation;

[0004] (2) Low calibration efficiency: The centralized calibration architecture is difficult to compensate for multipath interference and amplifier nonlinear distortion in real time;

[0005] (3) Insufficient dynamic response: The existing array element activation strategy cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the scanning angle, resulting in a delay in beam pointing switching.

[0006] Existing technologies typically compensate for scanning gain loss by fixing overlapping regions, but fail to address the issue of dynamic weight optimization. Existing subarray element designs also fail to address multi-surface collaborative calibration methods. Therefore, a system integrating dynamic signal synthesis, real-time calibration, and adaptive element switching is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In light of this, the present invention provides a four-plane phased array system based on multi-plane dynamic signal synthesis. This system enables dynamic signal synthesis in overlapping areas of the array, reduces phase error, simultaneously suppresses multipath interference and nonlinear distortion, and optimizes the array element activation strategy to improve response speed and gain stability in scanning boundary areas.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A four-face phased array system based on multi-face dynamic signal synthesis includes four symmetrically distributed facets, each of which is equipped with an independent signal processing module, a dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module, an adaptive array element activation module, a closed-loop phase correction module, and a central synthesis control module.

[0010] The system works as follows:

[0011] (a) The central synthesis control module generates scanning strategy instructions based on the combat mission and sends beam pointing parameters and scanning cycle configuration information to each signal processing module;

[0012] (b) After receiving the instruction, the signal processing module performs adaptive Kalman noise reduction on the original received signal and sends a pre-processing completion signal to the adaptive array element activation module after completing the delay compensation;

[0013] (c) The adaptive element activation module calculates the optimal element combination in the overlapping area of adjacent array planes based on the Kalman filter target beam pointing prediction model. It dynamically activates the staggered polarization elements in the 50% overlapping area of each adjacent array plane through the switch matrix. The activation state parameters are fed back to the dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module in real time.

[0014] (d) The dynamic overlapping region signal synthesis module receives the pre-processed signals from each array face, iteratively solves the optimal weights in the parallel computing unit, completes the weighted synthesis operation within the ±45° scanning range, and outputs the synthesized equivalent signal to the central synthesis control module;

[0015] (e) The closed-loop phase correction module synchronously monitors the phase consistency of the synthesized signal, performs real-time correction of amplifier distortion through the nonlinear phase compensation unit, and feeds back the updated calibration parameters to the signal processing modules on each array plane;

[0016] (f) The central synthesis control module integrates the synthetic signals of each array surface, completes multi-target detection and tracking judgment, generates a scan cycle completion report, and initiates a new round of scan cycle according to tactical requirements.

[0017] Furthermore, the four symmetrically distributed fronts meet all of the following conditions:

[0018] (1) The array element spacing is less than or equal to half the wavelength;

[0019] (2) There is an overlap coverage rate of 20%-30% between adjacent array planes. The array elements in the overlapping area are arranged in a staggered manner, and the polarization directions of adjacent array elements are orthogonal. The overlap coverage rate refers to the ratio of the number of activated array elements in adjacent array planes to the total number of array elements in a single array plane.

[0020] Furthermore, the adaptive array element activation module dynamically activates the interleaved polarization array elements in the 50% overlap area of adjacent array planes through the switch matrix. The specific method is to dynamically switch the connection between the array elements and the T / R components through the PIN diode switch matrix. The activation conditions are one of the following:

[0021] (1) The polarization direction of the array element matches the polarization of the target signal;

[0022] (2) Array element spacing ≤ half wavelength;

[0023] (3) The real-time signal-to-noise ratio threshold meets the preset conditions;

[0024] The PIN diode switch matrix consists of multiple PIN diodes, each of which is connected in parallel with an RC absorption circuit and is controlled on and off by a gate drive voltage.

[0025] Furthermore, the dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module includes:

[0026] Phase calibration unit, which measures the initial phase difference between arrays based on the cross-correlation method and compensates for channel inconsistency through a PID feedback loop;

[0027] The synthesis operation unit outputs the synthesis signal according to the following formula:

[0028]

[0029] in, is the equivalent signal after synthesis; is the dynamic weight of the i-th array signal; is the number of adjacent fronts involved in the synthesis; is the original received signal of the i-th array; is the phase rotation of the imaginary signal; is the initial phase offset of the i-th array signal; is the phase synchronization error calibration value among multiple arrays;

[0030] The dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module monitors the activation status of the elements in the overlapping area of adjacent arrays in real time, combines the target beam pointing prediction model, and dynamically adjusts the dynamic weights of each array signal. When the scanning angle changes, the dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module is based on the number of adjacent arrays involved in the synthesis. Phase synchronization error calibration value between multiple arrays , iteratively optimized through parallel computing units , ensuring the phase consistency of the synthetic signal within the ±45° scanning range.

[0031] Furthermore, the closed-loop phase correction module measures the initial phase difference between the array planes of the synthetic signal by the cross-correlation method, and uses the pre-distortion compensation algorithm to generate the high-order phase error introduced by the amplifier distortion. and transmits the The signal processing modules are distributed to each array in real time.

[0032] Furthermore, the dynamic weights of each array signal are dynamically adjusted The specific method is:

[0033] (1) Constructing the objective function based on the signal-to-noise ratio maximization criterion;

[0034] (2) Solve the optimal solution through subspace matching pursuit and least squares method iteration , the subspace matching pursuit is implemented based on a pre-built sparse basis vector library.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. Expanded scanning range: The present invention improves the scanning angle through the coordinated coverage of four array surfaces;

[0037] 2. Improved accuracy: The present invention can reduce phase synchronization errors and improve beam pointing accuracy;

[0038] 3. Enhanced anti-interference capability: The present invention adopts a closed-loop calibration architecture to improve the multipath interference suppression ratio;

[0039] 4. Optimized dynamic response: The present invention reduces the array element switching delay through the PIN diode switch matrix, making it more suitable for high-maneuverability UAV communication scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system composition in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, these contents are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the following embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] A four-surface phased array system based on multi-surface dynamic signal synthesis, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes:

[0043] (a) Four symmetrically distributed arrays, each containing dynamically activated sub-array elements and equipped with independent signal processing modules;

[0044] (b) Dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module, used to perform weighted synthesis of signals from adjacent arrays within the ±45° scanning range;

[0045] (c) An adaptive array element activation module that dynamically controls the array element activation state in the overlapping area of adjacent array planes based on the predicted scanning angle according to the target beam pointing;

[0046] (d) A closed-loop phase correction module adjusts the weights and phase offset based on the error signal to suppress multipath interference. The nonlinear phase compensation unit suppresses the phase distortion introduced by the amplifier nonlinearity. The calibration period is dynamically matched to the beam scanning rate to update the error compensation.

[0047] (e) Central synthesis control module, which is used to initiate and control the multi-target detection and tracking decision process and generate a scan cycle completion report;

[0048] (f) Centralized frequency source, providing reference clock signal to each array surface.

[0049] The four array planes are arranged in a square symmetrical pattern, and the sub-array elements of each array plane meet the following conditions:

[0050] (1) The array element spacing is less than or equal to half the wavelength;

[0051] (2) There is a 20%-30% overlap between adjacent array planes. The elements in the overlapping area are staggered, with the polarization directions of adjacent elements being orthogonal. The overlap coverage refers to the ratio of the number of active elements in adjacent array planes to the total number of elements in a single array plane. For example, if a single array plane contains 100 elements, 20-30 elements need to be activated in the overlapping area.

[0052] In this example, all four arrays use microstrip patch antennas, with element spacing of half a wavelength and a 25% overlap coverage ratio. Elements in the overlapping area are staggered, with orthogonal polarizations (alternating horizontal and vertical polarizations). Integrated using the LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) process, they reduce mutual coupling to below -30dB.

[0053] Dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module, including:

[0054] (1) Phase calibration unit, which measures the initial phase difference between arrays based on the cross-correlation method and compensates for channel inconsistency through a PID feedback loop;

[0055] (2) The synthesis operation unit outputs the synthesis signal according to the following formula:

[0056]

[0057] in, is the equivalent signal after synthesis; is the dynamic weight of the i-th array signal; is the number of adjacent fronts involved in the synthesis; is the original received signal of the i-th array; is the phase rotation of the imaginary signal; is the initial phase offset of the i-th array signal; Calibrate the phase synchronization error between multiple arrays.

[0058] The dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module monitors the activation status of the elements in the overlapping area of adjacent arrays (20%-30% coverage) in real time, combines the target beam pointing prediction model, and dynamically adjusts the parameters in the weighted synthesis algorithm. and , iterative optimization through FPGA parallel computing units , ensuring the phase consistency of the synthetic signal within the ±45° scanning range.

[0059] In this example, the phase calibration unit uses a Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGA to implement cross-correlation measurement, with a sampling frequency of 100 MHz, a feedback loop bandwidth ≥ 10 kHz, and a compensation channel inconsistency error of Δϕ = 3°.

[0060] Dynamic Weight Dynamic adjustment is performed through the improved SUMPLE algorithm, which runs in the FPGA parallel computing unit. The specific method is as follows:

[0061] (1) Constructing the objective function based on the signal-to-noise ratio maximization criterion;

[0062] In this example, the sparse basis vector library is constructed based on the K-SVD algorithm, and the weight iteration convergence time is ≤1ms. 256 groups of sparse basis vector libraries are constructed in the FPGA, each group containing a pre-calculated beam weight combination.

[0063] (2) The optimal weights are solved by subspace matching pursuit and least squares iteration. The subspace matching pursuit is implemented based on a pre-built sparse basis vector library, and the least squares iteration is implemented through the CORDIC kernel to optimize the complex weights. The iterative formula is: ,in is the step length, is the signal covariance matrix, is the gradient vector.

[0064] The adaptive array element activation module performs the following operations:

[0065] (1) Dynamically activate array elements in the overlapping area of adjacent arrays based on the predicted scanning angle according to the target beam pointing;

[0066] (2) When the scanning angle approaches the boundary of the array faces, only the 50% overlapping area elements of the two adjacent array faces are activated to compensate for the gain loss through synthesis;

[0067] (3) The connection relationship between the array elements and the T / R components is dynamically switched through the switch matrix. The switch matrix adopts a PIN diode array with a switching delay of <10ns. The switch matrix adopts a GaAs PIN diode array (reverse recovery time <2ns), and the switching delay is measured to be 8.5ns. The dynamic activation strategy is based on the Kalman filter to predict the beam pointing error ≤0.3°.

[0068] The adaptive element activation module calculates the optimal element combination for the overlapping area of adjacent array planes based on the Kalman filter target beam pointing prediction model. The connection between the elements and the T / R components is dynamically switched via a PIN diode switch matrix (switching delay <10ns). Activation conditions include:

[0069] (1) The polarization direction of the array element matches the polarization of the target signal;

[0070] (2) Array element spacing ≤ half wavelength;

[0071] (3) The real-time signal-to-noise ratio threshold meets the preset conditions.

[0072] The PIN diode switch matrix consists of multiple PIN diodes (such as the MA4P124 series). Each diode is connected in parallel with an RC snubber circuit (R=50Ω, C=1pF). The on-off function is controlled by the gate drive voltage (typically +5V / -3V). The switching delay is determined by the carrier transit time (<5ns) and the drive circuit response time (<5ns).

[0073] The closed-loop phase correction module measures the initial phase difference between the array planes of the synthetic signal through the cross-correlation method, and uses the pre-distortion compensation algorithm to generate the high-order phase error introduced by the amplifier distortion. ,The calibration parameters are distributed to each array signal processing module in real time through a high-speed serial bus, with an update period of ≤1μs.

[0074] The present invention can be used on vehicle-mounted phased array platforms, enabling dynamic signal synthesis in overlapping areas of multiple array surfaces, reducing phase errors, and simultaneously suppressing multipath interference and nonlinear distortion. It can also optimize array element activation strategies to improve response speed and gain stability in scanning boundary areas. Specifically, the present invention achieves high-precision beamforming by dynamically weighted synthesis of signals within the scanning range of adjacent array surfaces, combined with an improved SUMPLE algorithm to optimize weight distribution. The present invention utilizes a hierarchical synchronous calibration architecture, suppressing multipath interference through centralized clock synchronization and closed-loop phase correction, while utilizing an adaptive array element activation strategy to optimize gain compensation in scanning boundary areas.

[0075] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention significantly improves the coverage, signal stability and anti-interference capability of multi-surface collaborative scanning, solves the problems of signal interference between array surfaces, low calibration efficiency, and insufficient dynamic response in conventional phased array systems, and is suitable for the fields of UAV communications, radar detection and satellite communications.

[0076] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A four-surface phased array system based on multi-surface dynamic signal synthesis, characterized in that: It includes four symmetrically distributed array surfaces, each of which is equipped with an independent signal processing module, a dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module, an adaptive array element activation module, a closed-loop phase correction module, and a central synthesis control module; The system works as follows: (a) The central synthesis control module generates scanning strategy instructions based on the combat mission and sends beam pointing parameters and scanning cycle configuration information to each signal processing module; (b) After receiving the instruction, the signal processing module performs adaptive Kalman noise reduction on the original received signal and sends a pre-processing completion signal to the adaptive array element activation module after completing the delay compensation; (c) The adaptive element activation module calculates the optimal element combination in the overlapping area of adjacent array planes based on the Kalman filter target beam pointing prediction model. It dynamically activates the staggered polarization elements in the 50% overlapping area of each adjacent array plane through the switch matrix. The activation state parameters are fed back to the dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module in real time. (d) The dynamic overlapping region signal synthesis module receives the pre-processed signals from each array face, iteratively solves the optimal weights in the parallel computing unit, completes the weighted synthesis operation within the ±45° scanning range, and outputs the synthesized equivalent signal to the central synthesis control module; The dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module includes: Phase calibration unit, which measures the initial phase difference between arrays based on the cross-correlation method and compensates for channel inconsistency through a PID feedback loop; The synthesis operation unit outputs the synthesis signal according to the following formula: in, is the equivalent signal after synthesis; is the dynamic weight of the i-th array signal; is the number of adjacent fronts involved in the synthesis; is the original received signal of the i-th array; is the phase rotation of the imaginary signal; is the initial phase offset of the i-th array signal; is the phase synchronization error calibration value among multiple arrays; The dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module monitors the activation status of the elements in the overlapping area of adjacent arrays in real time, combines the target beam pointing prediction model, and dynamically adjusts the dynamic weights of each array signal. When the scanning angle changes, the dynamic overlapping area signal synthesis module is based on the number of adjacent arrays involved in the synthesis. Phase synchronization error calibration value between multiple arrays , iteratively optimized through parallel computing units , ensuring the phase consistency of the synthetic signal within the ±45° scanning range; (e) The closed-loop phase correction module synchronously monitors the phase consistency of the synthesized signal, performs real-time correction of amplifier distortion through the nonlinear phase compensation unit, and feeds back the updated calibration parameters to the signal processing modules on each array plane; (f) The central synthesis control module integrates the synthetic signals of each array surface, completes multi-target detection and tracking judgment, generates a scan cycle completion report, and initiates a new round of scan cycle according to tactical requirements.

2. The four-surface phased array system based on multi-surface dynamic signal synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four symmetrically distributed fronts satisfy all the following conditions: (1) The array element spacing is less than or equal to half the wavelength; (2) There is an overlap coverage rate of 20%-30% between adjacent array planes. The array elements in the overlapping area are arranged in a staggered manner, and the polarization directions of adjacent array elements are orthogonal. The overlap coverage rate refers to the ratio of the number of activated array elements in adjacent array planes to the total number of array elements in a single array plane.

3. The four-surface phased array system based on multi-surface dynamic signal synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive element activation module dynamically activates interleaved polarization elements in the 50% overlap region of adjacent array planes through a switch matrix. The specific method is to dynamically switch the connection between the elements and the T / R components through a PIN diode switch matrix. The activation conditions are one of the following: (1) The polarization direction of the array element matches the polarization of the target signal; (2) Array element spacing ≤ half wavelength; (3) The real-time signal-to-noise ratio threshold meets the preset conditions; The PIN diode switch matrix is composed of multiple PIN diodes, each PIN diode is connected in parallel with an RC absorption circuit, and the on-off is controlled by the gate drive voltage.

4. The four-surface phased array system based on multi-surface dynamic signal synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The closed-loop phase correction module measures the initial phase difference between the array planes of the synthetic signal by the cross-correlation method, and uses the pre-distortion compensation algorithm to generate the high-order phase error introduced by the amplifier distortion. and transmits the The signal processing modules are distributed to each array in real time.

5. The four-surface phased array system based on multi-surface dynamic signal synthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Dynamically adjust the dynamic weight of each array signal The specific method is: (1) Constructing the objective function based on the signal-to-noise ratio maximization criterion; (2) Solve the optimal solution through subspace matching pursuit and least squares method iteration , the subspace matching pursuit is implemented based on a pre-built sparse basis vector library.

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