Complete pellet feed for barn feeding breeding of milk goats in lactation period and preparation method of complete pellet feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a complete pellet feed for barn feeding breeding of milk goats in the lactation period and a preparation method of the complete pellet feed. The feed comprises basic raw materials (35 to 45 parts of corn flour, 18 to 25 parts of soybean meal and 12 to 18 parts of alfalfa meal), functional additives (0.03 to 0.05 part of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ, 0.1 to 0.2 part of Se-Zn-Lys coated SiO2 nano composite material, 0.5 to 1.0 part of probiotic metabolite freeze-dried powder and 2 to 4 parts of rumen bypass fat powder) and nutritional supplements (1.0 to 1.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 to 0.3 part of vitamin premix and 0.5 to 1.0 part of mineral premix). The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, injecting CO2 / N2 gas through a twin-screw extruder (the temperature is less than or equal to 70 DEG C) to prepare porous honeycomb particles (the porosity is 35-40%), spraying an ethyl cellulose-lipase sensitive coating (the thickness is 50-80 microns) on the surface, and drying by a fluidized bed until the moisture is less than or equal to 10%. The feed optimizes nutrition supply, improves milk yield and milk quality, improves rumen functions and oxidation resistance, protects active components and improves digestion and absorption efficiency through the preparation process, and is suitable for large-scale breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of complete pelleted feeds, and particularly to a complete pelleted feed for stall feeding of lactating dairy goats and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of the intensification degree of stall feeding of dairy goats, the nutritional regulation technology during the lactation period has become a hot field in the research of ruminant nutrition. Due to its advantages such as balanced nutrition and convenient mechanized feeding, complete pelleted feeds have gradually replaced the traditional extensive feeding mode in large-scale farming. In the prior art, lactation period feeds mostly improve nutrient utilization rate through strategies such as adding bypass fat, coated amino acids, and mineral chelates, and at the same time introduce probiotics and other microecological agents to improve rumen fermentation function. In recent years, the application of plant-derived bioactive components has gradually attracted attention. For example, mulberry leaf extract, due to its rich flavonoids, alkaloids and other components, shows potential value in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant and other aspects. Research shows that 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) unique to mulberry leaves, as an α-glucosidase inhibitor, can indirectly affect lactation performance by regulating insulin secretion, but its application in ruminant feeds is still in the exploratory stage, and the related formulation technology and mechanism of action have not yet formed a systematic solution.

[0003] Although certain progress has been made in the prior art, there are still the following key bottlenecks: First, traditional plant extracts are easily affected by process conditions such as high temperature and high pressure during feed processing, resulting in the degradation and inactivation of active ingredients. For example, as a thermosensitive alkaloid, DNJ has insufficient stability during the granulation process (80-90 °C), and conventional coating technologies are difficult to achieve effective protection, resulting in a significant deviation between the actual addition amount and the theoretical design value. Second, the existing lactation regulation means mostly focus on the supply level of nutritional substrates (such as increasing the energy and protein levels), lacking direct intervention in the endocrine pathway, resulting in insufficient release of lactation potential. Research shows that the secretion level of prolactin (PRL) is significantly positively correlated with milk yield, but there is no functional additive in the existing feeds that can target and stimulate PRL secretion. Therefore, developing a DNJ delivery system with high purity, high stability and directional biological activity has become the key direction to break through the limitations of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Despite certain progress in the existing technology, the following key bottlenecks still exist: First, traditional plant extracts are vulnerable to process conditions such as high temperature and high pressure during feed processing, resulting in the degradation and inactivation of active ingredients. For example, as a thermosensitive alkaloid, DNJ has insufficient stability during the granulation process (80 - 90 °C), and conventional coating technologies are difficult to achieve effective protection, causing a significant deviation between the actual addition amount and the theoretical design value. Second, existing lactation regulation methods mainly focus on the supply level of nutritional substrates (such as increasing the energy - protein level), lacking direct intervention in the endocrine pathway, resulting in insufficient release of lactation potential. Research shows that the secretion level of prolactin (PRL) is significantly positively correlated with milk production, but no functional additives capable of targeting and stimulating PRL secretion have been found in existing feeds.

[0005] The present application provides a complete - price granular feed for stall - feeding lactating dairy goats, which is characterized by comprising a basic raw material, a functional additive, and a nutritional supplement. The basic raw material comprises 35 to 45 parts of corn flour, 18 to 25 parts of soybean meal, and 12 to 18 parts of alfalfa meal. The functional additive comprises 0.03 to 0.05 parts of β - cyclodextrin - encapsulated DNJ, 0.1 to 0.2 parts of Se - Zn - Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite, 0.5 to 1.0 part of freeze - dried probiotic metabolites, and 2 to 4 parts of bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplement comprises 1.0 to 1.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 to 0.3 part of vitamin premix, and 0.5 to 1.0 part of mineral premix.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of a complete - price granular feed for stall - feeding lactating dairy goats, it comprises a basic raw material, a functional additive, and a nutritional supplement. The basic raw material comprises 35 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal, and 18 parts of alfalfa meal. The functional additive comprises 0.04 part of β - cyclodextrin - encapsulated DNJ, 0.1 part of Se - Zn - Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite, 0.5 part of freeze - dried probiotic metabolites, and 3 parts of bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplement comprises 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin premix, and 1.0 part of mineral premix.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of a complete - price granular feed for stall - feeding lactating dairy goats, the complete - price granular feed for stall - feeding lactating dairy goats is characterized by comprising a basic raw material, a functional additive, and a nutritional supplement. The basic raw material comprises 35 parts of corn flour, 23 parts of soybean meal, and 12 parts of alfalfa meal. The functional additive comprises 0.05 part of β - cyclodextrin - encapsulated DNJ, 0.1 part of Se - Zn - Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite, 0.8 part of freeze - dried probiotic metabolites, and 3 parts of bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplement comprises 1.0 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 part of vitamin premix, and 0.5 part of mineral premix.

[0008] It should be noted that the complete feed pellets provided by this application are designed to optimize the nutritional supply of lactating dairy goats and improve milk production and milk quality by scientifically proportioning basic raw materials, functional additives, and nutritional supplements. Among them, corn flour, soybean meal, and alfalfa meal jointly provide energy, protein, and cellulose to meet the basic growth and lactation needs of dairy goats; β-cyclodextrin inclusion of DNJ (1-deoxynojirimycin) can regulate glucose metabolism, reduce the excessive consumption of glucose by mammary tissue, and improve lactose synthesis efficiency; Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite helps enhance the body's antioxidant capacity, improve immunity, and promote the normal function of mammary cells; freeze-dried probiotic metabolites contain organic acids, short-chain fatty acids, and various bioactive substances, which can improve the rumen microbial environment and promote the efficient utilization of nutrients; bypass fat powder can bypass the rumen and be directly absorbed in the small intestine, providing a high-efficiency energy source for dairy goats, thereby increasing milk fat percentage and milk production; the supplementation of calcium hydrogen phosphate, vitamin premix, and mineral premix ensures that dairy goats can obtain sufficient minerals and trace elements during the high-yield period to maintain bone health and metabolic balance. Se-Zn clears oxidative stress at the source, weakens the basis of oxidative activation, and greatly improves the blocking efficiency of DNJ against inflammation. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory effect of DNJ further reduces the generation of oxidative stress, forming a "two-way synergy of antioxidant - anti-inflammatory" to jointly maintain the stability of the mammary microenvironment, improve the survival rate of lactating cells, and thus increase milk production.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution for the preparation method of a complete feed pellet, it includes the following technical steps:

[0010] Step S1. Mix the basic raw materials with functional additives and nutritional supplements in proportion, stir evenly by a double-shaft paddle mixer, use a twin-screw extruder, control the temperature ≤ 70 °C, and simultaneously inject a CO2 / N2 mixed gas to form porous honeycomb-shaped pellets;

[0011] Step S2. Spray an ethyl cellulose - lipase-sensitive coating on the surface of the pellets with a thickness of 50 - 80 μm, and dry in a fluidized bed until the moisture content ≤ 10%.

[0012] It should be noted that in step S1, the basic raw materials are mixed with functional additives and nutritional supplements in proportion and stirred evenly by a double-shaft paddle mixer to ensure uniform distribution of each component. Subsequently, it is processed by a twin-screw extruder, and the temperature is controlled at ≤70°C to avoid damage to sensitive nutrients (such as proteins) by high temperature. During this process, a mixed gas of CO2 and N2 is injected, and the expansion effect of the gas is used to form a porous honeycomb structure inside the particles. This structure not only increases the surface area of the particles, helps the contact and action of digestive enzymes, but also may improve the solubility and release efficiency of nutrients. In step S2, a layer of ethyl cellulose-lipase-sensitive coating is sprayed on the surface of the particles, and the thickness is controlled at 50-80 μm, and then dried in a fluidized bed until the moisture content is ≤10%. The function of this coating is to protect the nutrients inside the particles and prevent them from being prematurely released at the front end of the digestive tract. Since the coating is sensitive to lipase, when the particles enter the environment containing lipase in the animal digestive system, the coating will decompose or become permeable, so as to accurately release nutrients at specific digestive sites (such as the small intestine). This design combines a porous structure with an enzyme-sensitive coating to optimize the digestibility and nutrient absorption efficiency of the feed from the mechanism.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of a preparation method of a full-price granular feed, the porosity of the porous honeycomb particles is 35%-40%.

[0014] It should be noted that the honeycomb pores (porosity 35-40%), this structure can enhance the water absorption and swelling properties of the particles and provide attachment sites for enzymes / microorganisms.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of a preparation method of a full-price granular feed, the synthesis steps of the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite include:

[0016] Selenious acid (SeO2) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O) are dissolved in deionized water according to a molar ratio of 1:1, and magnetically stirred to form a homogeneous solution; L-lysine (L-Lys) is added according to 2 times the molar amount of the total metal ions, and the pH is adjusted to 8.0-9.0 (NH3·H2O), transferred to a sealed microwave reactor, and irradiated at 120°C and a power of 300 W for 15 minutes to generate a selenium-zinc-lysine chelate (Se-Zn-Lys); the obtained solution is mixed with a mesoporous SiO2 support (pore diameter 4-6 nm) according to a mass ratio of 1:3, and ultrasonically assisted impregnation is carried out for 2 hours (40 kHz), the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation at 60°C, and vacuum dried at 80°C for 12 hours to prepare the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite.

[0017] It should be noted that under alkaline conditions, the amino group and carboxyl group of L-lysine are coordinated with selenite (SeO3 2- ) and zinc ions (Zn2+ ) A tetrahedral chelation structure (Se-Zn-Lys) is formed. Microwave radiation accelerates the formation of coordination bonds through the molecular frictional heat generated by the dipole rotation of polar molecules and promotes the homogeneous nucleation of chelate crystal nuclei. The mesoporous SiO2 support anchors Se-Zn-Lys nanoparticles (particle size ≤ 5 nm) in the pores directionally through the hydrogen bonding between its surface silanol groups and the chelate and the pore size limitation (4 - 6 nm). The ultrasonic cavitation effect strengthens the penetration and dispersion of the chelate solution in the pores. During the vacuum drying process, the capillary force of the mesoporous structure and the alkaline microenvironment on the SiO2 surface jointly inhibit the migration and oxidation of metal ions, and finally a highly stable and sustained-release Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite is formed.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution for the preparation method of a complete pellet feed, the specific surface area of the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite is ≥ 300 m 2 / g, and the loading rate is ≥ 92%.

[0019] It should be noted that the combination of such a high loading rate and high specific surface area not only improves the utilization efficiency of the material but also may enhance its stability and bioavailability in vivo.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution for the preparation method of a complete pellet feed, the preparation method of β-cyclodextrin inclusion of DNJ includes: crushing mulberry leaves to 60 meshes, extracting for 2 hours at 40 °C and 35 MPa, collecting the crude DNJ extract (purity ≥ 90%). The crude DNJ extract is chromatographed on macroporous resin (AB-8), eluted with an ethanol gradient (50% → 80%), and freeze-dried to obtain DNJ crystals (purity ≥ 98%). DNJ and β-cyclodextrin are mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1, stirred in an aqueous solution at 50 °C for 4 hours, and spray-dried (inlet air temperature 80 °C) to form an inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin inclusion of DNJ.

[0021] It should be noted that, first, mulberry leaves are pulverized to 60 mesh and then extracted with supercritical CO2 at 40°C and 35 MPa for 2 hours. Utilizing the high solubility of CO2 in the supercritical state for DNJ, DNJ is dissolved and extracted to form a crude extract with a purity ≥ 90%. This process relies on the strong permeability and selective dissolution ability of supercritical fluids. Next, the DNJ crude extract is chromatographed through macroporous resin (AB-8), combined with gradient ethanol elution (50% → 80%). By taking advantage of the adsorption differences of the resin for different compounds and the polarity change of the ethanol eluent, DNJ and other impurities are effectively separated. After freeze-drying, DNJ crystals with a purity ≥ 98% are obtained. This step is based on the mechanism of adsorption separation and solvent polarity regulation. Finally, DNJ and β-cyclodextrin are stirred in an aqueous solution at 50°C for 4 hours in a molar ratio of 1:1. The hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin encapsulates the hydrophilic groups of DNJ through intermolecular forces (such as van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, etc.) to form a stable inclusion complex. Subsequently, the final product is prepared by rapid dehydration through spray drying (inlet air temperature 80°C). This inclusion technology utilizes the molecular encapsulation effect of β-cyclodextrin, which not only protects DNJ from oxidation or degradation during processing and storage, but also may enhance the solubility and absorption efficiency of DNJ in vivo due to the adaptability of its cavity structure, thereby improving its bioavailability.

[0022] A complete pellet feed for stall-feeding lactating dairy goats and its preparation method provided by the present invention can significantly improve the milk yield and milk quality of lactating dairy goats and simultaneously improve their overall health status by scientifically proportioning basic raw materials, functional additives, and nutritional supplements. Basic raw materials such as corn flour, soybean meal, and alfalfa meal provide balanced energy, protein, and cellulose for dairy goats to meet their growth and lactation needs; in the functional additives, β-cyclodextrin inclusion of DNJ improves lactose synthesis efficiency by regulating sugar metabolism, the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite enhances antioxidant capacity and maintains the stability of the mammary gland microenvironment, the freeze-dried powder of probiotic metabolites optimizes rumen fermentation function to promote nutrient absorption, and the protected fat powder directly provides high-efficiency energy to increase the milk fat percentage; nutritional supplements such as calcium hydrogen phosphate, vitamin, and mineral premix ensure the bone health and metabolic balance of dairy goats during the high-yield period. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention is given in conjunction with the embodiments of the specification.

[0024] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] Secondly, as used herein, "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The appearances of "in one embodiment" in different places in this specification do not all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they separate or selectively exclusive embodiments from other embodiments.

[0026] Preparation Example

[0027] Preparation Example 1

[0028] The preparation method of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ includes: pulverizing mulberry leaves to 60 meshes, extracting for 2 hours at 40 °C and 35 MPa, collecting the crude DNJ extract (purity ≥ 90%), subjecting the crude DNJ extract to macroporous resin (AB-8) chromatography, gradient eluting with ethanol (50% → 80%), and freeze-drying to obtain DNJ crystals (purity ≥ 98%). DNJ and β-cyclodextrin are mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1, stirred in an aqueous solution at 50 °C for 4 hours, and spray-dried (inlet air temperature 80 °C) to form an inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ.

[0029] Preparation Example 2

[0030] The synthesis steps of the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite include:

[0031] Dissolve selenious acid (SeO2) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O) in deionized water at a molar ratio of 1:1, and magnetically stir to form a homogeneous solution; add L-lysine (L-Lys) at 2 times the molar amount of the total metal ions, adjust the pH to 8.0 - 9.0 (NH3·H2O), transfer to a sealed microwave reaction kettle, and irradiate and react at 120 °C and a power of 300 W for 15 minutes to generate a selenium-zinc-lysine chelate (Se-Zn-Lys); mix the obtained solution with a mesoporous SiO2 support (pore size 4 - 6 nm) at a mass ratio of 1:3, ultrasonically assist impregnation for 2 hours (40 kHz), remove the solvent by rotary evaporation at 60 °C, and vacuum dry at 80 °C for 12 hours to prepare the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite. The specific surface area of the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite ≥ 300 m 2 / g, and the loading rate ≥ 92%.

[0032] Example

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Example 1 provides a complete pellet feed for stall-feeding lactating dairy goats and its preparation method, wherein,

[0035] Full-price granular feed for stall-feeding lactating dairy goats, comprising basic raw materials, functional additives and nutritional supplements. The basic raw materials include 35 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal, and 18 parts of alfalfa meal. The functional additives include 0.04 part of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ (Preparation Example 1), 0.1 part of Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite (Preparation Example 2), 0.5 part of freeze-dried probiotic metabolites, and 3 parts of bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplements include 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin premix, and 1.0 part of mineral premix.

[0036] Preparation method of full-price granular feed for stall-feeding lactating dairy goats, characterized by comprising the following technical steps:

[0037] Step S1. Mix the basic raw materials with the functional additives and nutritional supplements in proportion, stir evenly by a double-shaft paddle mixer, use a twin-screw extruder, control the temperature ≤ 70°C, and simultaneously inject a CO2 / N2 mixed gas to form porous honeycomb-shaped particles, and the porosity of the porous honeycomb-shaped particles is 35%;

[0038] Step S2. Spray an ethyl cellulose-lipase sensitive coating on the surface of the particles, with a thickness of 50-80 μm, and dry in a fluidized bed until the moisture content ≤ 10%.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Example 2 provides a full-price granular feed for stall-feeding lactating dairy goats and its preparation method, wherein,

[0041] Full-price granular feed for stall-feeding lactating dairy goats, comprising basic raw materials, functional additives and nutritional supplements. The basic raw materials include 35 parts of corn flour, 23 parts of soybean meal, and 12 parts of alfalfa meal. The functional additives include 0.05 part of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ (Preparation Example 1), 0.1 part of Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite (Preparation Example 2), 0.8 part of freeze-dried probiotic metabolites, and 3 parts of bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplements include 1.0 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 part of vitamin premix, and 0.5 part of mineral premix.

[0042] Preparation method of full-price granular feed for stall-feeding lactating dairy goats, characterized by comprising the following technical steps:

[0043] Step S1. Mix the basic raw materials with the functional additives and nutritional supplements in proportion, stir evenly by a double-shaft paddle mixer, use a twin-screw extruder, control the temperature ≤ 70°C, and simultaneously inject a CO2 / N2 mixed gas to form porous honeycomb-shaped particles, and the porosity of the porous honeycomb-shaped particles is 40%;

[0044] Step S2. Spray an ethylcellulose-lipase sensitive coating on the surface of the particles, with a thickness of 50 - 80 μm, and dry in a fluidized bed until the moisture content ≤ 10%.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] Example 3 provides a complete pellet feed for stall feeding of lactating dairy goats and its preparation method. Among them,

[0047] The complete pellet feed for stall feeding of lactating dairy goats includes basic raw materials, functional additives, and nutritional supplements. The basic raw materials include 45 parts of corn flour, 25 parts of soybean meal, and 16 parts of alfalfa meal. The functional additives include 0.03 part of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ (Preparation Example 1), 0.2 part of Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite (Preparation Example 2), 1.0 part of freeze-dried probiotic metabolites, and 4 parts of bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplements include 1.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin premix, and 0.8 part of mineral premix.

[0048] The preparation method of the complete pellet feed for stall feeding of lactating dairy goats is characterized by including the following technical steps:

[0049] Step S1. Mix the basic raw materials with the functional additives and nutritional supplements in proportion, stir evenly by a double-shaft paddle mixer, use a twin-screw extruder, control the temperature ≤ 70 °C, and at the same time inject a CO2 / N2 mixed gas to form porous honeycomb-like particles, and the porosity of the porous honeycomb-like particles is 38%;

[0050] Step S2. Spray an ethylcellulose-lipase sensitive coating on the surface of the particles, with a thickness of 50 - 80 μm, and dry in a fluidized bed until the moisture content ≤ 10%.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] Example 4 provides a complete pellet feed for stall feeding of lactating dairy goats and its preparation method. Among them,

[0053] The complete pellet feed for stall feeding of lactating dairy goats includes basic raw materials, functional additives, and nutritional supplements. The basic raw materials include 40 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of soybean meal, and 12 parts of alfalfa meal. The functional additives include 0.04 part of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ (Preparation Example 1), 0.1 part of Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite (Preparation Example 2), 0.8 part of freeze-dried probiotic metabolites, and 2 parts of bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplements include 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin premix, and 0.6 part of mineral premix.

[0054] Preparation method of full-price granular feed for stall feeding of lactating dairy goats, characterized by comprising the following technical steps:

[0055] Step S1. Mix the basic raw materials with functional additives and nutritional supplements in proportion, stir evenly by a double-shaft paddle mixer, use a twin-screw extruder, control the temperature ≤ 70 °C, and inject a CO2 / N2 mixed gas at the same time to form porous honeycomb-shaped particles, and the porosity of the porous honeycomb-shaped particles is 40%;

[0056] Step S2. Spray an ethyl cellulose-lipase sensitive coating on the surface of the particles, with a thickness of 50-80 μm, and dry in a fluidized bed until the moisture content ≤ 10%.

[0057] Control example

[0058] Control example 1

[0059] The difference between this control example 1 and Example 1 is that an equal amount of corn flour is used to replace β-cyclodextrin inclusion of DNJ.

[0060] Control example 2

[0061] The difference between this control example 2 and Example 1 is that an equal amount of corn flour is used to replace the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite.

[0062] Control example 3

[0063] The difference between this control example 3 and Example 1 is that 0.04 parts of DNJ crystals are used to replace β-cyclodextrin inclusion of DNJ.

[0064] Control example 4

[0065] The difference between this control example 4 and Example 1 is that 0.1 part of selenium-zinc-lysine chelate is used to replace the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite.

[0066] Table 1

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Note: In control example 3, there are 0.04 parts of DNJ crystals, and in control example 4, there is 0.1 part of selenium-zinc-lysine chelate.

[0070] Performance detection test

[0071] 70 healthy Saanen dairy goats in lactation (body weight 40 - 50 kg, average daily milk production about 2.0 kg / head) were selected for the experiment, randomly divided into 7 groups with 10 goats in each group, and fed with the feeds prepared in the examples and comparative examples respectively; the experimental period was 28 days, fed 3 times a day at regular intervals, provided with free drinking water, and the feed intake was recorded; milking was carried out in the morning and evening every day, and the daily milk production (kg / day) of each goat was measured; milk samples were collected weekly, and the milk fat rate, milk protein rate and lactose rate were measured using a MilkoScan analyzer.

[0072] Table 2

[0073] Example Butterfat percentage (%) Milk protein percentage (%) Lactose percentage (%) Example 1 3.54 3.24 4.87 Example 2 3.46 3.21 4.95 Example 3 3.39 3.29 4.69 Example 4 3.45 3.14 4.27 Control Example 1 2.12 2.24 3.14 Control Example 2 2.46 2.56 3.24 Control Example 3 2.31 2.46 3.14 Control Example 4 2.24 2.34 3.24

[0074] Combined with Examples 1 to 4 and Table 2, it can be seen that the example groups showed significant advantages in terms of milk fat rate, milk protein rate and lactose rate. The milk fat rate range of Examples 1 to 4 was 3.39% - 3.54%, the milk protein rate range was 3.14% - 3.29%, and the lactose rate range was 4.27% - 4.95%. These data indicate that this formula can effectively improve the milk fat, milk protein and lactose contents in dairy goat milk products, and has a stable and superior nutritional supplement effect.

[0075] Combined with Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 to 2 and Table 2, it can be seen that the milk fat rate (3.54%), milk protein rate (3.29%) and lactose rate (4.95%) of Example 1 were significantly better than those of Comparative Example 1 (milk fat rate 2.12%, milk protein rate 2.24%, lactose rate 3.14%) and Comparative Example 2 (milk fat rate 2.46%, milk protein rate 2.56%, lactose rate 3.24%). At the same time, it can be seen from Table 1 that β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of DNJ and Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite were added to the feed formula of Example 1, and these components may have played an important role in improving the milk fat rate, milk protein rate and lactose rate of dairy goats.

[0076] Combined with Example 1, Comparative Example 3 and Table 2, it can be seen that the milk fat rate (3.54%), milk protein rate (3.29%) and lactose rate (4.95%) of Example 1 were significantly better than those of Comparative Example 3 (milk fat rate 2.31%, milk protein rate 2.46%, lactose rate 3.14). From the data comparison in Table 2, it can be speculated that the feed formula of Example 1 has a better effect in optimizing the lactation performance of dairy goats. β-cyclodextrin can improve the stability and bioavailability of nutrients, promote the absorption and utilization of functional components in dairy goats, and thus improve the synthesis efficiency of milk fat, milk protein and lactose.

[0077] As can be seen from Example 1, Comparative Example 4 and Table 2, the milk fat percentage (3.54%), milk protein percentage (3.29%) and lactose percentage (4.95%) of Example 1 are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 4 (milk fat percentage 2.24%, milk protein percentage 2.34%, lactose percentage 3.24%). This comparison shows that the feed formula of Example 1 has a better effect in improving the dairy quality of dairy goats, which is mainly related to the role of mesoporous SiO2. As a carrier material, mesoporous SiO2 can enhance the stability and bioavailability of the selenium-zinc-lysine (Se-Zn-Lys) complex, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of these nutrients by dairy goats. By promoting antioxidant effects and enhancing immune function, mesoporous SiO2 may help improve the health status and lactation ability of dairy goats, and further enhance the synthesis efficiency of milk fat, milk protein and lactose.

[0078] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A complete pellet feed for barn-feeding of lactating goats, characterized in that: The invention comprises basic raw materials, functional additives and nutritional supplements. The basic raw materials comprise 35 to 45 parts of corn flour, 18 to 25 parts of soybean meal and 12 to 18 parts of alfalfa meal. The functional additives comprise 0.03 to 0.05 parts of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ, 0.1 to 0.2 parts of Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite materials, 0.5 to 1.0 parts of freeze-dried powder of probiotic metabolites and 2 to 4 parts of rumen bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplement comprises 1.0 to 1.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 to 0.3 parts of vitamin premix and 0.5 to 1.0 parts of mineral premix.

2. The complete pellet feed for barn breeding of lactating goats according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes basic raw materials, functional additives and nutritional supplements. The basic raw materials include 35 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal and 18 parts of alfalfa powder. The functional additives include 0.04 parts of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ, 0.1 parts of Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite materials, 0.5 parts of freeze-dried powder of probiotic metabolites and 3 parts of rumen bypass fat powder. The nutritional supplements include 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 parts of vitamin premix and 1.0 parts of mineral premix.

3. The complete pellet feed for barn breeding of lactating goats according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complete granular feed for stall-feeding of lactating dairy goats is characterized in that it includes basic raw materials, functional additives and nutritional supplements, wherein the basic raw materials include 35 parts of corn flour, 23 parts of soybean meal, and 12 parts of alfalfa powder; the functional additives include 0.05 parts of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ, 0.1 parts of Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite materials, 0.8 parts of freeze-dried powder of probiotic metabolites, and 3 parts of rumen bypass fat powder; and the nutritional supplements include 1.0 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.5 parts of mineral premix.

4. The method for preparing the complete pellet feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The technical steps include: Step S1. The basic raw materials are mixed with functional additives and nutritional supplements in proportion, stirred evenly by a twin-shaft paddle mixer, a twin-screw extruder is used, the temperature is controlled at ≤70°C, and a CO2 / N2 mixed gas is injected at the same time to form porous honeycomb particles; Step S2: spraying an ethyl cellulose-lipase sensitive coating on the surface of the particles with a thickness of 50-80 μm, and fluidized bed drying until the moisture content is ≤10%.

5. The method for preparing a complete pellet feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The porosity of the porous honeycomb particles is 35%-40%.

6. The method for preparing a complete pellet feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The synthesis steps of Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite materials include: Selenious acid and zinc sulfate were dissolved in deionized water in a 1:1 molar ratio, and magnetic stirring was performed to form a homogeneous solution; L-lysine was added at twice the molar amount of the total metal ions, the pH was adjusted to 8.0-9.0, and the solution was transferred to a closed microwave reactor, and irradiated at 120°C and 300W for 15 minutes to generate selenium-zinc-lysine chelate; the obtained solution was mixed with a mesoporous SiO2 carrier in a mass ratio of 1:3, ultrasonic-assisted impregnation was performed for 2 hours, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation at 60°C, and vacuum drying was performed at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain a Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite material.

7. The method for preparing a complete pellet feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific surface area of ​​the Se-Zn-Lys@SiO2 nanocomposite material is ≥300m 2 / g, loading rate ≥92%.

8. The method for preparing a complete pellet feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of β-cyclodextrin inclusion DNJ includes: crushing mulberry leaves to 60 mesh, extracting at 40°C and 35MPa for 2 hours, collecting DNJ crude extract, subjecting the DNJ crude extract to macroporous resin chromatography, ethanol gradient elution, freeze drying to obtain DNJ crystals, mixing DNJ and β-cyclodextrin in a 1:1 molar ratio, stirring in a 50°C aqueous solution for 4 hours, and spray drying to form a β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of DNJ.

Images