An automatically variable speed electric winch

Abstract

The application provides an automatic variable-speed electric winch, comprising an actuator (6), a transmission and braking device (5), a transmission shaft (11), a variable-speed assembly comprising a power input element and a power output element, the other end of the transmission shaft (11) being connected with the power input element, and a drum (4) connected with the power output element of the variable-speed assembly, wherein the variable-speed assembly is configured to have a first transmission ratio between the power input element and the power output element when the load on the drum (4) is less than a predetermined load, and have a second transmission ratio between the power input element and the power output element when the load on the drum (4) is greater than the predetermined load, the first transmission ratio being less than the second transmission ratio. The automatic variable-speed electric winch can automatically switch the working state of the clutch unit according to different loads, so as to realize automatic variable speed without manual intervention, and effectively reduce the working strength.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of transmission or traction equipment, in particular to an automatic variable-speed electric winch. BACKGROUND

[0002] The electric winch is a machine tool driven by a motor to wind a flexible member (steel wire rope, chain, etc.) to complete the traction work. The electric winch is often used in the fields of handling work, ship wharf, automobile traction, fire rescue, etc.

[0003] The transmission ratio of the existing electric winch is always fixed, and in order to achieve the best cost performance, the transmission ratio of the speed reduction mechanism of the electric winch is usually designed to be larger. When using the electric winch, whether it is empty or full, the same transmission ratio is used for speed reduction, which leads to low work efficiency. For example, when the rope is reeled in with a small load, the rope is reeled in very slowly under a large transmission ratio, but at this time it is expected to reel in faster, and the working condition at this time also allows faster reeling in. The fixed transmission ratio affects the work efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to at least partially overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an automatic variable-speed electric winch.

[0005] The purpose of the present application is also to provide an automatic variable-speed electric winch which can adaptively adjust the transmission ratio of the speed change assembly.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is also to provide an automatic variable-speed electric winch which can automatically switch between different working conditions of empty load and load according to different loads without manual intervention, thereby reducing the work intensity.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose or one of the purposes, the technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0008] An automatic variable-speed electric winch, the electric winch comprising:

[0009] an actuator;

[0010] a transmission and braking device, in transmission connection with the actuator, for transmitting the driving force of the actuator and capable of achieving braking under predetermined conditions;

[0011] a transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft being connected with the transmission and braking device;

[0012] a speed change assembly, comprising a power input element and a power output element, the other end of the transmission shaft being connected with the power input element; and

[0013] a drum, the drum being connected with the power output element of the speed change assembly,

[0014] The transmission assembly is configured to have a first transmission ratio between the power input element and the power output element when the load on the drum is less than the predetermined load, and to have a second transmission ratio between the power input element and the power output element when the load on the drum is greater than the predetermined load, the first transmission ratio being less than the second transmission ratio.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the transmission assembly comprises at least one planetary gear set;

[0016] A clutch unit is arranged on the carrier of a certain one of the at least one planetary gear set.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the carrier of the certain one of the planetary gear set comprises a support disc;

[0018] The clutch unit comprises:

[0019] A first pressure disc is arranged on one side of the support disc;

[0020] A friction element is arranged between the support disc and the first pressure disc;

[0021] A second pressure disc is arranged on the side of the support disc opposite to the first pressure disc,

[0022] The friction element is relatively fixed with the ring gear of the certain one of the planetary gear set, and the connection between the first pressure disc and the second pressure disc is configured to enable the friction element to change between a first state of being combined with the support disc and a second state of being separated from the support disc.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the clutch unit further comprises a plurality of springs and a plurality of fixing members;

[0024] A plurality of stepped holes are arranged on the support disc, and a plurality of fixing holes are arranged on the second pressure disc;

[0025] The springs are arranged in the stepped holes, one end of each spring abutting against a step in the stepped hole and the other end abutting against the second pressure disc; the fixing members pass through the fixing holes, the springs and the stepped holes to be fixed on the first pressure disc, thereby connecting the first pressure disc and the second pressure disc.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the present application, the friction element is a ring-shaped friction ring, the diameter of the friction ring being less than the diameter of the support disc;

[0027] A plurality of external splines are arranged on the outer periphery of the friction ring, and a plurality of grooves are arranged on the end face of the ring gear of the certain one of the planetary gear set, the external splines being embedded in the grooves to relatively fix the friction element with the ring gear of the certain one of the planetary gear set.

[0028] According to one preferred embodiment of the present application, a pin shaft is arranged on the side of the support disc facing the second pressure disc, a connecting hole is arranged on the sun gear of the adjacent planetary gear set or the power output element, and the center of the second pressure disc has a through hole through which the pin shaft extends into the connecting hole;

[0029] A helical groove is arranged on the pin shaft, and a helical key is arranged in the connecting hole to cooperate with the helical groove; or a helical key is arranged on the pin shaft, and a helical groove is arranged in the connecting hole to cooperate with the helical key.

[0030] According to one preferred embodiment of the present application, the speed change assembly further comprises a one-way clutch arranged on the ring gear of the certain planetary gear set, so that the ring gear of the certain planetary gear set is allowed to rotate in a first direction and is prohibited from rotating in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0031] According to one preferred embodiment of the present application, the electric winch further comprises a shell which wraps outside the speed change assembly and supports the speed change assembly.

[0032] According to one preferred embodiment of the present application, the shell is composed of an end cover and a shell body.

[0033] According to one preferred embodiment of the present application, the speed change assembly comprises a first-stage planetary gear set, a second-stage planetary gear set and a third-stage planetary gear set;

[0034] The first-stage planetary gear set comprises a first-stage sun gear, a first-stage ring gear, a first-stage carrier and a plurality of first-stage planet gears; the second-stage planetary gear set comprises a second-stage sun gear, a second-stage ring gear, a second-stage carrier and a plurality of second-stage planet gears; and the third-stage planetary gear set comprises a third-stage sun gear, a third-stage ring gear, a third-stage carrier and a plurality of third-stage planet gears.

[0035] In terms of transmission, the first-stage carrier of the first-stage planetary gear set is connected to the second-stage sun gear of the second-stage planetary gear set, the second-stage carrier of the second-stage planetary gear set is connected to the third-stage sun gear of the third-stage planetary gear set, and the third-stage carrier of the third-stage planetary gear set is connected to the drum;

[0036] The first-stage sun gear serves as the power input element, and the third-stage carrier serves as the power output element.

[0037] According to one preferred embodiment of the present application, the clutching unit is arranged on the second-stage carrier of the second-stage planetary gear set.

[0038] The one-way clutch is arranged between the second-stage ring gear of the second-stage planetary gear set and the shell, and the first-stage ring gear and the third-stage ring gear are fixed on the shell.

[0039] The second stage planet carrier is connected to the third stage sun gear of the third stage planetary gear set through a pin shaft.

[0040] The electric winch of the present application is provided with a clutch unit on a certain stage planetary gear set, so that the stage planetary gear set functions as a speed reducer when the load is large, i.e. has a transmission ratio, while it does not produce a transmission ratio when the load is small, and the change is automatically completed, so that by means of automatic speed change, when the electric winch is in an idle state or has a low load, it works through a small transmission ratio to improve efficiency, while when the load is large, the transmission ratio of the speed reduction mechanism is automatically switched, and it works through a large transmission ratio to meet the requirement of large load. The structural scheme of the present application can automatically switch different working conditions of idle state and load according to different loads, without manual intervention, effectively reducing the working intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic view of an automatic speed change electric winch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 A partial exploded perspective view of an automatic speed change electric winch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic view of the inside of an end cover according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Exemplary embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, wherein the same or similar components have the same reference numerals. In addition, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that one or more embodiments can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the accompanying drawings.

[0045] The present application provides an automatic speed change electric winch which can automatically adjust the speed of rope traction according to different loads. Specifically, it increases a clutch unit on a planetary gear set, so that the clutch unit can be disengaged when the load is large, at which time the planetary gear set functions as a speed reducer, while it is not disengaged when the load is small, at which time the planetary gear set does not produce a transmission ratio, thereby changing the transmission ratio of the speed change assembly composed of the planetary gear set, achieving the purpose of automatic speed change.

[0046] As Figure 1As shown, the electric winch comprises an actuator 6, a transmission and brake device 5, a transmission shaft 11, a speed change assembly, a drum 4, a centrifugal unit 9, a one-way clutch 8, an end cover 7 and a housing 10. The actuator 6, usually in the form of an electric motor, is the power source for the electric winch to realize traction, the transmission and brake device 5 is in transmission connection with the actuator 6, for transmitting the driving force of the actuator 6 and being able to realize brake under predetermined conditions, such as emergency brake. One end of the transmission shaft 11 is connected with the transmission and brake device 5, the speed change assembly comprises a power input element and a power output element, for realizing speed change, mainly playing a role of speed reduction, also can be called a speed reduction mechanism, the other end of the transmission shaft 11 is connected with the power input element. The drum 4 is connected with the power output element of the speed change assembly, the traction element is wound on the drum 4, and most of the transmission shaft 11 is located inside the drum 4. The end cover 7 and the housing 10 constitute the shell of the electric winch, which wraps outside the speed change assembly and supports the speed change assembly.

[0047] In Figure 1 In the embodiment of the application, the speed change assembly is designed to comprise three-stage planetary gear sets, including a first-stage planetary gear set 1, a second-stage planetary gear set 2 and a third-stage planetary gear set 3; the first-stage planetary gear set 1 comprises a first-stage sun gear, a first-stage ring gear, a first-stage carrier 103 and a plurality of first-stage planetary gears; the second-stage planetary gear set 2 comprises a second-stage sun gear 201, a second-stage ring gear 202, a second-stage carrier 203 and a plurality of second-stage planetary gears 204; the third-stage planetary gear set 3 comprises a third-stage sun gear 301, a third-stage ring gear, a third-stage carrier and a plurality of third-stage planetary gears; in terms of transmission, the first-stage carrier 103 of the first-stage planetary gear set 1 is connected with the second-stage sun gear 201 of the second-stage planetary gear set, the second-stage carrier 203 of the second-stage planetary gear set 2 is connected with the third-stage sun gear 301 of the third-stage planetary gear set 3, and the third-stage carrier of the third-stage planetary gear set 3 is connected with the drum 4; here, the first-stage sun gear serves as the power input element, and the third-stage carrier serves as the power output element.

[0048] In this way, the rotation of the actuator 6 is transmitted to the drum 4 through three-stage transmission and three-stage speed reduction under normal conditions. In the conventional electric winch with a speed change assembly composed of three-stage planetary gear sets, the first-stage ring gear, the second-stage ring gear and the third-stage ring gear are usually fixedly connected with the shell, but in the embodiment of the application, since the clutch unit and the one-way clutch are arranged on the second-stage planetary gear set, the second-stage ring gear is no longer completely fixed on the shell, which will be described later.

[0049] To achieve the object of the present application, the transmission assembly is configured such that when the load on the drum 4 is less than a predetermined load, the transmission ratio between the power input element and the power output element of the transmission assembly is a first transmission ratio, and when the load on the drum 4 is greater than the predetermined load, the transmission ratio between the power input element and the power output element of the transmission assembly is a second transmission ratio, the first transmission ratio being less than the second transmission ratio.

[0050] Specifically, referring to Figure 2 In this embodiment, a clutch unit 9 is provided on the second stage carrier 203 of the second stage planetary gear set. It should be noted that the electric winch of the present application is not necessarily composed of a three-stage planetary gear set, but can be composed of a one-stage planetary gear set, a two-stage planetary gear set, or more than three planetary gear sets, and the clutch unit 9 is not necessarily provided on the second stage planetary gear set, but can be provided on other planetary gear sets, and the object of the present application can also be achieved.

[0051] As shown in Figure 2 The second stage carrier 203 of the second stage planetary gear set includes a support disc, and three shafts extend from the left side of the support disc, and the three second stage planetary gears are mounted on these shafts, so that the combination of the support disc and the three shafts exists as the second stage carrier 203.

[0052] The clutch unit 9 includes a first pressure plate 901, a friction element 902, a second pressure plate 904, three springs 903, and three fixing members 905. The first pressure plate 901 is provided on one side of the support disc, close to one side of the second stage planetary gear 204, and has a central hole, three shaft holes, and three fixing portions, which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The friction element 902 is arranged between the support disc and the first pressure plate 901, and in particular, the friction element 902 is relatively fixed with the second stage ring gear 202 of the second stage planetary gear set 2, and the connection between the first pressure plate 901 and the second pressure plate 904 is configured to enable the friction element 902 to change between a first state of being combined with the support disc and a second state of being separated from the support disc.

[0053] The friction element 902 is an annular friction ring with a hollow center, and the diameter of the friction ring is smaller than that of the support disc. The friction ring is made of friction material and can generate a large frictional resistance when it is pressed against the support disc. A plurality of external splines are provided on the outer periphery of the friction ring, and a plurality of grooves are provided on the end face of the second stage ring gear 202 of the second stage planetary gear set 2, as shown in Figure 3 As shown in the figure, 10 grooves are shown, and the external splines are embedded in the grooves to keep the friction element 902 relatively fixed with the second stage ring gear 202 of the second stage planetary gear set 2.

[0054] The second pressure plate 904 is arranged on the side of the support plate opposite to the first pressure plate 901, and the second pressure plate 904 is provided with three fixing holes and a central through hole. Three stepped holes are arranged on the support plate, and the spring 903 is arranged in the stepped hole and abuts against the step in the stepped hole at one end and against the second pressure plate 904 at the other end; the fixing member 905 is fixed on the fixing portion of the first pressure plate 901 through the fixing hole, the spring 903 and the stepped hole, so as to connect the first pressure plate 901 and the second pressure plate 904. The three shafts on the support plate extend into the shaft holes of the first pressure plate 901 through the central hollow part of the friction element 902, and are combined with the three second-stage planetary gears 204.

[0055] Further, a pin shaft is arranged on the side of the support plate facing the second pressure plate 904, and a connecting hole is arranged on the sun gear of the adjacent first-stage planetary gear set or the power output element (in the embodiment of the application, the connecting hole is arranged on the sun gear of the third-stage planetary gear set 3, and the pin shaft of the second pressure plate 904 extends into the connecting hole of the third-stage sun gear 301. In the embodiment without the next-stage planetary gear set, the pin shaft can be directly connected with the power output element). Figure 2 Further, a pin shaft is arranged on the side of the support plate facing the second pressure plate 904, and a connecting hole is arranged on the sun gear of the adjacent first-stage planetary gear set or the power output element (in the embodiment of the application, the connecting hole is arranged on the sun gear of the third-stage planetary gear set 3, and the pin shaft of the second pressure plate 904 extends into the connecting hole of the third-stage sun gear 301. In the embodiment without the next-stage planetary gear set, the pin shaft can be directly connected with the power output element).

[0056] More importantly, the transmission assembly further comprises a one-way clutch 8 arranged on the second-stage ring gear 202 of the second-stage planetary gear set 2, specifically, arranged between the second-stage ring gear 202 of the second-stage planetary gear set 2 and the housing, so that the second-stage ring gear 202 is only allowed to rotate in a first direction and is prohibited from rotating in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The first-stage ring gear and the third-stage ring gear are fixed on the housing.

[0057] Therefore, the actuator 6 is connected to one end of the transmission shaft 11 through the transmission and brake device 5, the other end of the transmission shaft 11 is connected to the first-stage sun gear of the first-stage planetary gear set 1, the first-stage ring gear of the first-stage planetary gear set 1 is fixedly connected to the end cover 7, the first-stage carrier 103 is an output member and is connected to the second-stage sun gear 201 of the second-stage planetary gear set 2, the second-stage ring gear 202 of the second-stage planetary gear set 2 is installed on the end cover 7 through the one-way clutch 8, the second-stage carrier 203 is an output member and is connected to the third-stage sun gear 301 of the third-stage planetary gear set 3 through a helical key (or a helical spline), the third-stage carrier of the third-stage planetary gear set 3 is the power output member and is connected to the drum 4. The clutch unit 9 includes a first pressure plate 901 (in the form of a steel sheet), a friction element 902, a spring 903, a second pressure plate 904, a fixing member 905 (which can be a screw) and a support disc of the second-stage carrier 203, which together constitute a multi-plate clutch structure, wherein the steel sheet of the first pressure plate 901 and the support disc of the second-stage carrier 203 form a steel sheet set, the friction element 902 represents a friction plate set, the second-stage ring gear 202 has a groove matched with the outer spline of the friction element 902. The steel sheet set of the multi-plate clutch can usually be matched in an inner spline manner, and in this embodiment, the pin hole matching manner is adopted due to the small number of sheets. The spring 903, the fixing member 905 and the second pressure plate 904 jointly act to press the steel sheet set and the friction plate set, so that a friction force is generated on the joint surface thereof.

[0058] The working process of the automatic variable-speed electric capstan of the present application is described as follows:

[0059] When the actuator 6 drives the transmission shaft 11 through the transmission and brake device 5, if the load on the drum 4 is low or empty, the first planetary gear set 1 works at a reduced speed, driving the second sun gear 201 of the second planetary gear set 2 to rotate. The second planetary gear set 2 is connected by the clutch unit 9, with the second carrier 203 and the second ring gear 202 engaged together, and the one-way clutch 8 is in a disengaged state, so the second planetary gear 204 only revolves without rotating, the second planetary gear set 2 works directly, the second carrier 203 drives the third sun gear 301 of the third planetary gear set 3 to rotate, and the third planetary gear set 3 also works at a reduced speed, driving the drum 4 to rotate. When the load on the drum 4 is large, that is, the resistance of the third sun gear 301 of the third planetary gear set 3 is large, the torque transmitted to the third sun gear 301 by the third carrier 203 through the helical spline is large, the axial component of the torque acting on the helical spline is greater than the spring force of the spring 903, so the axial force of the third sun gear 301 acting on the second pressure plate 904 overcomes the action of the spring 903, compresses the second pressure plate 904, and the clutch unit 9 is separated. At this time, in the second planetary gear set 2, the second sun gear 201 rotates, the second carrier 203 is connected to the third sun gear 301 to output, so the second ring gear 202 has a reverse rotation tendency and is limited by the one-way clutch 8. The one-way clutch 8 is engaged to fix the second ring gear 202, so the second planetary gear set 2 works at a reduced speed when the load on the drum 4 is large and the clutch unit 9 is separated, and the working state is the same as that of the first planetary gear set 1 and the third planetary gear set 3. The electric winch works at the maximum transmission ratio and can output the maximum torque to meet the load working requirements.

[0060] When the load rope needs to be released, that is, there is a load on the drum 4, which is transmitted to the third sun gear 301, and the working process of the load rope release is the same as that of the load rope collection. This load will separate the clutch unit 9 and engage the one-way clutch 8, so the three planetary gear sets are all in a reduced speed working state, and therefore the working process of the load rope release is the same as that of the conventional electric winch.

[0061] For the conventional three-stage planetary gear set electric winch, the one-way clutch and the clutch unit can be arranged on any stage of the planetary gear set, and the working effect is the same. When the helical spline is used between the carrier and the sun gear to generate the axial component, the gear can be a spur gear. If a sliding spline or other similar sliding structure is used between the carrier and the sun gear, the gear can be a helical gear, which can also generate an axial component to achieve the required working process.

[0062] The one-way clutch can adopt the one-way clutch in the embodiment, or can adopt a ratchet pawl mechanism, that is, a device capable of achieving one-way separation and reverse engagement. The clutch unit can adopt the multi-plate clutch in the embodiment, or can adopt a diaphragm spring clutch, which is relatively complex in structure, but the function can also be achieved.

[0063] The electric winch of the application automatically changes the transmission ratio of the planetary gear set by setting a clutch unit on the planetary gear set, so that the planetary gear set functions as a speed reducer when the load is large, that is, has a transmission ratio, and does not produce a speed reduction effect when the load is small, and the change is automatically completed, so that by adopting an automatic transmission mode, the electric winch works through a smaller transmission ratio when it is in an idle state or has a low load, thereby improving the efficiency, and when the load is large, the transmission ratio of the speed reduction mechanism is automatically switched, and a large transmission ratio is used to work, thereby meeting the working requirements of large loads. The structural scheme of the application can automatically switch different working conditions of the idle state and the load state according to different loads, without manual intervention, thereby effectively reducing the working intensity.

[0064] Although the embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that changes can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application. The scope of application of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0065] List of reference signs:

[0066] 1 first planetary gear set

[0067] 2 second planetary gear set

[0068] 3 third planetary gear set

[0069] 4 drum

[0070] 5 transmission and braking device

[0071] 6 actuator

[0072] 7 end cover

[0073] 8 one-way clutch

[0074] 9 clutch unit

[0075] 10 housing

[0076] 11 transmission shaft

[0077] 103 first planetary carrier

[0078] 201 second sun gear

[0079] 202 second ring gear

[0080] 203 second planetary carrier

[0081] 204 second stage planet wheel

[0082] 301 third stage sun wheel

[0083] 901 first pressure plate

[0084] 902 friction element

[0085] 903 spring

[0086] 904 second pressure plate

[0087] 905 fixing member

Claims

1. An automatically variable speed electric winch characterized by, The electric winch comprises: an actuator (6); a transmission and brake device (5) in transmission connection with the actuator (6) for transmitting the driving force of the actuator (6) and capable of achieving braking under predetermined conditions; a transmission shaft (11), one end of the transmission shaft (11) being connected with the transmission and brake device (5); a variable speed assembly, the other end of the transmission shaft (11) being connected with a power input element of the variable speed assembly; and a drum (4) connected with a power output element of the variable speed assembly, wherein the variable speed assembly is configured such that when the load on the drum (4) is less than a predetermined load, the transmission ratio between the power input element and the power output element of the variable speed assembly is a first transmission ratio, and when the load on the drum (4) is greater than the predetermined load, the transmission ratio between the power input element and the power output element of the variable speed assembly is a second transmission ratio, the first transmission ratio being less than the second transmission ratio; the variable speed assembly comprises at least one planetary gear set; a clutch unit (9) is arranged on the carrier of a certain planetary gear set in the at least one planetary gear set; the carrier of the certain planetary gear set comprises a support disc; the clutch unit (9) comprises: a first pressure disc (901) arranged on one side of the support disc; a friction element (902) arranged between the support disc and the first pressure disc (901); a second pressure disc (904) arranged on the side of the support disc opposite to the first pressure disc (901), wherein the friction element (902) is relatively fixed with the ring gear of the certain planetary gear set, and the connection between the first pressure disc (901) and the second pressure disc (904) is configured to enable the friction element (902) to change between a first state of being combined with the support disc and a second state of being separated from the support disc.

2. The electric winch with automatic variable speed according to claim 1, wherein: the clutch unit (9) further comprises a plurality of springs (903) and a plurality of fixing members (905); a plurality of stepped holes are arranged on the support disc, and a plurality of fixing holes are arranged on the second pressure disc (904); the springs (903) are arranged in the stepped holes, one end of each spring (903) abutting against the step in the stepped hole and the other end abutting against the second pressure disc (904); and the fixing members (905) are fixed on the first pressure disc (901) through the fixing holes, the springs (903) and the stepped holes, thereby connecting the first pressure disc (901) and the second pressure disc (904).

3. The electric winch with automatic variable speed according to claim 2, wherein: the friction element (902) is a ring-shaped friction ring, the diameter of the friction ring being less than the diameter of the support disc; a plurality of external splines are arranged on the outer periphery of the friction ring, and a plurality of grooves are arranged on the end face of the ring gear of the certain planetary gear set, the external splines being embedded in the grooves to enable the friction element (902) to be relatively fixed with the ring gear of the certain planetary gear set.

4. The electric winch with automatic variable speed according to claim 3, wherein: A pin shaft is arranged on the side of the support disc facing the second pressure disc (904), a connecting hole is arranged on the sun gear of the adjacent planetary gear set or the power output element, and the center of the second pressure disc (904) has a through hole, and the pin shaft extends into the connecting hole through the through hole; A spiral groove is arranged on the pin shaft, and a spiral key matched with the spiral groove is arranged in the connecting hole; or a spiral key is arranged on the pin shaft, and a spiral groove matched with the spiral key is arranged in the connecting hole.

5. The automatically variable-speed electric winch according to claim 4, wherein: The variable-speed assembly further comprises a one-way clutch (8) arranged on the ring gear of the certain planetary gear set, so that the ring gear of the certain planetary gear set is allowed to rotate in a first direction and is prohibited from rotating in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

6. The automatically variable-speed electric winch according to claim 5, wherein: The electric winch further comprises a housing which wraps outside the variable-speed assembly and supports the variable-speed assembly.

7. The automatically variable-speed electric winch according to claim 6, wherein: The variable-speed assembly comprises a first-stage planetary gear set (1), a second-stage planetary gear set (2) and a third-stage planetary gear set (3); The first-stage planetary gear set (1) comprises a first-stage sun gear, a first-stage ring gear, a first-stage carrier (103) and a plurality of first-stage planet gears; the second-stage planetary gear set (2) comprises a second-stage sun gear (201), a second-stage ring gear (202), a second-stage carrier (203) and a plurality of second-stage planet gears (204); and the third-stage planetary gear set (3) comprises a third-stage sun gear (301), a third-stage ring gear, a third-stage carrier and a plurality of third-stage planet gears; In terms of transmission, the first-stage carrier (103) of the first-stage planetary gear set (1) is connected with the second-stage sun gear (201) of the second-stage planetary gear set, the second-stage carrier (203) of the second-stage planetary gear set (2) is connected with the third-stage sun gear (301) of the third-stage planetary gear set (3), and the third-stage carrier of the third-stage planetary gear set (3) is connected with the drum (4); The first-stage sun gear serves as the power input element, and the third-stage carrier serves as the power output element.

8. The automatically variable-speed electric winch according to claim 7, wherein: The clutch unit (9) is arranged on the second-stage carrier (203) of the second-stage planetary gear set (2); The one-way clutch (8) is arranged between the second-stage ring gear (202) of the second-stage planetary gear set (2) and the housing, and the first-stage ring gear and the third-stage ring gear are fixed on the housing; The second-stage carrier (203) is connected with the third-stage sun gear (301) of the third-stage planetary gear set (3) through a pin shaft.

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