Fiber gel particle profile control agent

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil extraction in the oil exploitation process, and particularly relates to a fiber gel particle profile control agent. The fiber gel particle profile control agent is prepared by polymerizing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 7-10% of acrylic acid, 20-25% of acrylamide, 3-5% of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 12-20% of a fiber material, 1-2% of methyl methacrylate, 10-25% of bentonite, 1-2% of N, N-dimethylformamide and the balance of water. The water-based adhesive is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.1% of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 0.5-1% of a coupling agent, 0.4-1% of an initiator, 4.7-6.1% of a pH regulator and the balance of deionized water. The fiber gel particle profile control agent disclosed by the invention has relatively high strength and excellent temperature resistance and salt resistance, and can meet the profile control requirements of high-temperature and high-salt oil reservoirs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of oil production in the process of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a fiber gel particle profile control agent. Background Art

[0002] In oilfields developed by long-term water injection, the injected water channels into the production wells along the high-permeability zones, the reservoir heterogeneity is aggravated, and the water flooding efficiency decreases, which greatly affects the oil recovery degree. In order to improve the water flooding efficiency, improve the water flooding development effect, and expand the water flooding swept area, profile control agents such as pre-crosslinked gel particles and crosslinked polymer gels are mainly used to block the preferential flow channels existing in the reservoir to achieve deep fluid diversion.

[0003] Patent document CN102585093A discloses pre-crosslinked gel particles for profile control and polymers, their preparation methods and applications. The pre-crosslinked gel particles are obtained by grinding the bulk gel obtained by polymerization and crosslinking of a composite monomer and an unstable crosslinking agent initiated by an initiator. The composite monomer includes acrylamide and acrylic acid, and the unstable crosslinking agent is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and their derivatives. The aqueous resin in the gel particles of patent document CN102585093A is polymerized from acrylamide monomers, and has the following problems: poor temperature resistance, limited salt resistance, low plugging strength, after the gel particles absorb water and swell, the particle network structure becomes weak, it is not resistant to stress shear, and the erosion resistance is low. When used for plugging construction in high-permeability large channels and high-temperature reservoirs, there are problems of poor water plugging effect and short validity period. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fiber gel particle profile control agent to solve the problems of low strength, poor temperature and salt resistance of the existing gel particle profile control agents.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A fiber gel particle profile control agent, which is polymerized from the following raw materials in weight percentages: 7-10% of acrylic acid, 20-25% of acrylamide, 3-5% of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 12-20% of fiber material, 1-2% of methyl methacrylate, 10-25% of bentonite, 0.05-0.1% of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 0.5-1% of coupling agent, 0.4-1% of initiator, 4.7-6.1% of pH regulator, and the balance of deionized water.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Acrylic acid and acrylamide are the main polymerization components; 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is used to enhance the temperature and salt resistance of the product; the fiber material is used to improve the strength and temperature and salt resistance of the gel particles; methyl methacrylate is a hydrophobic monomer, which can make the copolymer product insoluble in water at higher temperatures and enhance the temperature resistance of the product; bentonite is a strengthening agent, which can enhance the strength of the product; N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide is a crosslinking agent, which can increase the molecular weight and increase the swept volume during oil displacement; the coupling agent can combine each component in a chemical bonding manner to prevent the precipitation of components after water absorption and swelling; the initiator is used to initiate the polymerization reaction; the pH regulator is used to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the solution, thereby adjusting the reaction rate; deionized water is the solvent for the polymerization reaction. The fiber gel particle profile control agent prepared from the above raw materials with specific contents has high strength and excellent temperature and salt resistance, can meet the profile control requirements of high-temperature and high-salt reservoirs, and can broaden the application range of existing profile control agents. The present invention is an improved invention. By adding a fiber material to the raw materials for preparing the fiber gel particle profile control agent, the fiber material can be combined into the gel particles in a chemical bonding manner to form a high-density three-dimensional network structure with the fiber material as the skeleton, enhancing the strength, toughness and anti-shear and extrusion performance of the gel particles, not being easily broken when injected into the formation, having excellent elasticity, toughness and deformability, and greatly enhancing the profile control and plugging performance.

[0008] Specifically, the coupling agent has good reactivity with the fiber material and acrylamide monomer, and can firmly combine the fiber material into the gel particles in a chemical bonding manner, which can solve the problem of the decrease in strength caused by the easy precipitation of the material after the gel particles absorb water and swell.

[0009] Moreover, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide crosslinks with acrylamide to form a network structure, making the product insoluble in water and elastic, which can further improve the salt resistance of the profile control agent.

[0010] As a further improvement, the fiber material includes sepiolite fiber, lignin fiber, and polypropylene fiber, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fiber to the lignin fiber and the polypropylene fiber is (3-5):(2-4):1. The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Sepiolite fiber can be chemically bonded to other components, which can improve the stability of the structure. Lignin fiber and polypropylene fiber can provide a physical skeleton, which is beneficial to the formation of a high-density three-dimensional network structure. The sepiolite fiber, lignin fiber, and polypropylene fiber within the above content range cooperate with each other to form a high-density three-dimensional network structure with the fiber material as the skeleton, which can further improve the strength, toughness, and anti-shear and extrusion performance of the gel particles, not being easily broken when injected into the formation, and can further enhance the profile control and plugging performance.

[0011] As a further improvement, the initiator includes potassium persulfate and sodium sulfite, and the mass ratio of potassium persulfate to sodium sulfite is 1:(0.8 - 1.0). The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By using the initiator of the above type and content, better cross-linking polymerization effect can be obtained, further enhancing the strength and temperature and salt resistance performance of the gel particles.

[0012] As a further improvement, the coupling agent is 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The silicon ethoxy groups in the coupling agent will hydrolyze to form silicon hydroxyl groups, which can condense with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the inorganic components, enabling the polymerized product to have a stable structure and further improving the strength of the gel particle profile control agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the bentonite is drilling bentonite. As a filling and reinforcing agent, this bentonite can be chemically bonded to other components, and the structure of the polymerized substance is stable, and the components are not easily precipitated.

[0014] Furthermore, the pH regulator is sodium hydroxide. When free radicals are generated in the polymerization reaction, it is affected by the H + concentration in the solution. By adding sodium hydroxide, the pH of the solution can be adjusted, thereby controlling the speed of the reaction.

[0015] As a further improvement, the polymerization includes: mixing deionized water, acrylic acid, and acrylamide, adding a pH regulator until the pH of the solution is 7.4 - 7.6; then adding 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and methyl methacrylate to the solution, and adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.4 - 7.6; adding bentonite, fiber material, and coupling agent to the solution to obtain a mixed solution; mixing the mixed solution with the initiator, carrying out a polymerization reaction, and granulating to obtain a fiber gel particle profile control agent.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The raw materials of the present invention can undergo a polymerization reaction in the presence of an initiator. When preparing the mixed solution, by adding a part of the raw materials first, adjusting the pH, then adding a part of the raw materials, and adjusting the pH, the solubility of the raw materials can be improved, and the raw materials can be better mixed. Moreover, by first mixing the raw materials except the initiator to prepare a mixed solution, and then mixing the mixed solution with the initiator, the polymerization reaction can proceed smoothly and orderly. The composite fiber gel particle profile control agent prepared by this method has high strength and temperature and salt resistance performance.

[0017] As a further improvement, the temperature of the polymerization reaction is 40 - 45 °C. At this temperature, it is beneficial to the occurrence of the polymerization reaction, further improving the yield and purity of the product.

[0018] Further, the time of the polymerization reaction can be 1 hour.

[0019] Further, after the polymerization reaction, a polymer gel block is obtained, which is cut, crushed into particles, and screened to obtain gel particles. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a physical picture of the fiber gel particle profile control agent in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a physical picture of the fiber gel particle profile control agent in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a physical picture of the fiber gel particle profile control agent in Example 3 of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0023] Existing gel particle profile control agents have problems of low strength and poor temperature and salt resistance. To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fiber gel particle profile control agent.

[0024] The fiber gel particle profile control agent of the present invention is polymerized from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 7-10% of acrylic acid, 20-25% of acrylamide, 3-5% of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 12-20% of fiber material, 1-2% of methyl methacrylate, 10-25% of bentonite, 0.05-0.1% of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 0.5-1% of coupling agent, 0.4-1% of initiator, 4.7-6.1% of pH regulator, and the balance of deionized water.

[0025] The fiber material in the present invention can be bonded to the gel particles in a chemical bonding manner to form a high-density three-dimensional network structure with the fiber material as the skeleton, improving the strength and temperature and salt resistance of the profile control agent. The fiber gel particle profile control agent of the present invention has high strength and excellent temperature and salt resistance, and can meet the profile control requirements of high-temperature and high-salt oil reservoirs.

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0027] In the following examples and comparative examples, unless otherwise specified, the reagents used are all commercially available reagents.

[0028] In the following examples and comparative examples, the polypropylene fiber used has a length of 6-12 mm, and the manufacturer is Langfang Hexiang Building Materials Co., Ltd.; the lignin fiber has a length of 3-5 mm, and the manufacturer is Langfang Hexiang Building Materials Co., Ltd.; the sepiolite fiber has a length of 3-8 mm, and the manufacturer is Hongli Sepiolite Flock Co., Ltd.

[0029] I. Examples of Fiber Gel Particle Profile Control Agents

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A fiber gel particle profile control agent is made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 8% acrylic acid, 25% acrylamide, 5% 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 12% fiber material (6% sepiolite fiber, 4% lignin fiber, 2% polypropylene fiber), 2% methyl methacrylate, 15% bentonite for drilling, 0.1% N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, 1% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 0.5% potassium persulfate, 0.5% sodium sulfite, 5.5% sodium hydroxide, and the balance deionized water.

[0032] The preparation method of the fiber gel particle profile control agent includes the following steps: Add deionized water into a reaction kettle, add acrylic acid and acrylamide successively. After complete dissolution, keep the temperature at 40°C and stir evenly. Neutralize with sodium hydroxide until the pH of the solution is 7.5. After adding 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and methyl methacrylate and stirring for 5 minutes, adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide. Then add bentonite for drilling, fiber material (sepiolite fiber: lignin fiber: polypropylene fiber = 3:2:1), and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and mix well. Transfer the prepared solution into a reaction pool, add potassium persulfate and sodium sulfite, and react for 1 hour in an environment with a constant temperature of 40°C to obtain a polymer gel block. Use a cutting machine to crush, granulate, and screen to form the fiber gel particle profile control agent as shown in Figure 1 the figure.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A fiber gel particle profile control agent is made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 10% acrylic acid, 20% acrylamide, 3% 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 20% fiber material (10% sepiolite fiber, 8% lignin fiber, 2% polypropylene fiber), 1% methyl methacrylate, 10% bentonite for drilling, 0.05% N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, 0.5% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 0.5% potassium persulfate, 0.4% sodium sulfite, 6.1% sodium hydroxide, and the balance deionized water.

[0035] The preparation method of the fiber gel particle profile control agent includes the following steps: Add deionized water into a reaction kettle, and successively add acrylic acid and acrylamide. After complete dissolution, stir evenly at a constant temperature of 45°C, neutralize with sodium hydroxide until the pH of the solution is 7.5, add 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and methyl methacrylate and stir for 5 minutes, then adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide. Then add bentonite for drilling, fiber materials, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and mix well. Transfer the prepared solution into a reaction pool, add potassium persulfate and sodium sulfite, and react for 1 hour in an environment with a constant temperature of 45°C to obtain a polymer gel block. Use a cutting machine to crush, granulate, and screen to form as Figure 2 shown fiber gel particle profile control agent.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] A fiber gel particle profile control agent is made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 7% acrylic acid, 25% acrylamide, 4% 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 15% fiber materials (9% sepiolite fiber, 4% lignin fiber, 2% polypropylene fiber), 2% methyl methacrylate, 25% bentonite for drilling, 0.1% N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, 1% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 0.2% potassium persulfate, 0.2% sodium sulfite, 4.7% sodium hydroxide, and the balance is deionized water.

[0038] The preparation method of the fiber gel particle profile control agent includes the following steps: Add deionized water into a reaction kettle, and successively add acrylic acid and acrylamide. After complete dissolution, stir evenly at a constant temperature of 40°C, neutralize with sodium hydroxide until the pH of the solution is 7.5, add 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and methyl methacrylate and stir for 5 minutes, then adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide. Then add bentonite for drilling, fiber materials, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and mix well. Transfer the prepared solution into a reaction pool, add potassium persulfate and sodium sulfite, and react for 1 hour in an environment with a constant temperature of 40°C to obtain a polymer gel block. Use a cutting machine to crush, granulate, and screen, and by adjusting parameters, form as Figure 3 shown fiber gel particle profile control agent with a particle size range of 6 - 10 mm.

[0039] II. Comparative Examples

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] Prepare gel particles according to the method described in Example 1 of the Chinese patent with the publication number CN102585093A.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] Fiber gel particle profile control agent, which is made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 8% acrylic acid, 25% acrylamide, 5% 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 12% fiber material (12% sepiolite fiber), 2% methyl methacrylate, 15% bentonite for drilling, 0.1% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 1% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 0.5% potassium persulfate, 0.5% sodium sulfite, 5.5% sodium hydroxide, and the balance deionized water.

[0044] The preparation method of the fiber gel particle profile control agent includes the following steps: Add deionized water into a reaction kettle, add acrylic acid and acrylamide successively. After complete dissolution, keep the temperature at 40°C and stir evenly. Neutralize with sodium hydroxide until the pH of the solution is 7.5. Add 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and methyl methacrylate and stir for 5 minutes, then adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide. Then add bentonite for drilling, fiber material (sepiolite fiber), and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and mix well. Transfer the prepared solution into a reaction pool, add potassium persulfate and sodium sulfite, and react in an environment of constant temperature of 40°C for 1 hour to obtain a polymer gel block. Use a cutting machine to crush, granulate, and screen to form the fiber gel particle profile control agent.

[0045] Comparative Example 3

[0046] Fiber gel particle profile control agent, which is made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 7% acrylic acid, 25% acrylamide, 4% 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 15% fiber material (8% lignin fiber, 7% polypropylene fiber), 2% methyl methacrylate, 25% bentonite for drilling, 0.1% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 1% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 0.2% potassium persulfate, 0.2% sodium sulfite, 4.7% sodium hydroxide, and the balance deionized water.

[0047] The preparation method of the fiber gel particle profile control agent includes the following steps: Add deionized water into a reaction kettle, add acrylic acid and acrylamide successively. After complete dissolution, keep the temperature at 40°C and stir evenly. Neutralize with sodium hydroxide until the pH of the solution is 7.5. Add 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and methyl methacrylate and stir for 5 minutes, then adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide. Then add bentonite for drilling, fiber material (lignin fiber, polypropylene fiber), and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and mix well. Transfer the prepared solution into a reaction pool, add potassium persulfate and sodium sulfite, and react in an environment of constant temperature of 40°C for 1 hour to obtain a polymer gel block. Use a cutting machine to crush, granulate, and screen to form the fiber gel particle profile control agent.

[0048] III. Performance Evaluation of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0049] (1) Temperature and Salt Resistance

[0050] The temperature and salt resistance of the gel particles of Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 were evaluated respectively. Weigh 3.5 g, 3.61 g, 3.25 g, 3.48 g, 3.52 g, and 3.55 g of the gel particle samples of Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 respectively, and place them in 100 mL heat-resistant glass test tubes. Add 90 mL of standard brine with a concentration of 20x10 4 mg / L (preparation of 20×10 4 mg / L standard brine: Weigh 195.50 g of NaCl, 4.00 g of CaCl2, and 1.07 g of MgCl2·6H2O, place them in a clean 1000 mL volumetric flask, add distilled water to the scale, and shake well to obtain standard brine with a total salinity of 20×10 4 mg / L) to each test tube. Seal the test tubes and place them in an oven at 120℃ for constant-temperature soaking. Observe the changes of the particles in the test tubes and record the particle breakage time. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1 Comparison of Temperature and Salt Resistance of Gel Particles in Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] It can be seen from Table 1 that the temperature and salt resistance of the gel particles in Examples 1 - 3 are higher than those in Comparative Examples 1 - 3. The gel particles of Comparative Example 1 decomposed after being placed for 14 days under high-temperature and high-salt conditions (standard brine with a concentration of 20x10 4 mg / L, 120℃). The gel particles of Comparative Examples 2 - 3 decomposed after being placed for 30 days under high-temperature and high-salt conditions (standard brine with a concentration of 20x10 4 mg / L, 120℃). However, the gel particles of Examples 1 - 3 remained intact without breakage and without fiber precipitation after being placed for 60 days under high-temperature and high-salt conditions (standard brine with a concentration of 20x10 4 mg / L, 120℃), proving that the gel particles of the present invention have excellent temperature and salt resistance and aging resistance, and are suitable for profile control applications in oil reservoirs under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.

[0055] (2) Strength and Toughness Test

[0056] The anti-shear ability and elastic modulus of the gel particles in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested respectively. The gel particles in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were trimmed into cylinders with a diameter of 3 cm and a mass of 10 g (±0.1 g). Three samples of the gel particles in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were taken. One sample was directly tested for anti-shear ability and elastic modulus using the plate system of Anton Paar high-temperature and high-pressure rheometer MCR302. The other two samples were soaked in stoppered heat-resistant glass test tubes filled with standard brine (concentration: 20x10 4 mg / L). One of them was taken out after 7 days, and the other was taken out after 14 days. The anti-shear ability and elastic modulus of the samples taken out were tested using the plate system of Anton Paar high-temperature and high-pressure rheometer MCR302. Among them, when testing the anti-shear ability and elastic modulus, the rotor frequency was 0.3 Hz.

[0057] The test results of the anti-shear ability and elastic modulus of the gel particles in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2 Test Results of Anti-shear Ability and Elastic Modulus of Gel Particles in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0059]

[0060] From the test results in Table 2, it can be seen that when not soaked, the elastic modulus of the gel particles in Examples 1-3 can reach more than 4150 Pa, and the yield stress reaches more than 2980 Pa, indicating that the gel particles of the present invention have both high strength and high toughness. When not soaked, the comprehensive performance of the gel particles in Examples 1-3 is higher than that of the gel particles in Comparative Examples 1-3. The elastic modulus and shear yield stress of the gel particles in Comparative Examples 1-3 decreased significantly after soaking. The gel particles in Examples 1-3 can still maintain a high elastic modulus and a high shear yield stress after being soaked for 14 days, proving that the gel particles of the present invention have excellent anti-aging performance.

[0061] From the above performance test results, it can be seen that the gel particles of the present invention do not precipitate fibers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions, have excellent anti-aging performance and high strength, and are suitable for profile control applications in oil reservoirs under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.

Claims

1. A profile control agent of fiber gel particles, characterized in that, The fiber gel particle profile control agent is polymerized from raw materials with the following weight percentages: 7-10% of acrylic acid, 20-25% of acrylamide, 3-5% of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 12-20% of fiber material, 1-2% of methyl methacrylate, 10-25% of bentonite, 0.05-0.1% of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 0.5-1% of coupling agent, 0.4-1% of initiator, 4.7-6.1% of pH regulator, and the balance of deionized water.

2. The profile control agent of fiber gel particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber material includes sepiolite fiber, lignin fiber, and polypropylene fiber, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fiber to the lignin fiber and the polypropylene fiber is (3-5):(2-4):

1.

3. The profile control agent of fiber gel particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initiator includes potassium persulfate and sodium sulfite, and the mass ratio of the potassium persulfate to the sodium sulfite is 1:(0.8-1.0).

4. The profile control agent of fiber gel particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling agent is 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

5. The profile control agent of fiber gel particles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The polymerization includes: mixing deionized water, acrylic acid, and acrylamide, adding a pH regulator until the pH of the solution is 7.4-7.6; then adding 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and methyl methacrylate to the solution, and adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.4-7.6; adding bentonite, fiber material, and coupling agent to the solution to obtain a mixed solution; mixing the mixed solution with the initiator, carrying out a polymerization reaction, and granulating to obtain the fiber gel particle profile control agent.

6. The profile control agent of fiber gel particles according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature of the polymerization reaction is 40-45°C.

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