Strip type medium-length hole filling efficient mining method for reserved space of gently inclined thin ore body

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underground mine mechanized mining, and discloses a gently inclined thin ore body reserved space strip type medium-length hole filling efficient mining method, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, dividing a to-be-mined block into a plurality of panels, and respectively dividing each panel into a plurality of strip type stopes; then, a middle-section haulage roadway, a stope connection roadway and a ventilation gate roadway are constructed in the panel, a top column and a bottom column are reserved in the stope close to the middle-section haulage roadway, a rock drilling transverse roadway is constructed in the first mining stope close to the bottom middle-section haulage roadway, and a cutting transverse roadway of the first mining stope is constructed at the end of the rock drilling transverse roadway; the divided stopes are stoped through medium-length hole ore breaking, after ore caving is finished, blasting fume on the working face is completely exhausted through a local fan, and caved ore is transported and unloaded to a draw shaft through a trackless carry-scraper; the method has the advantages of being small in mining and cutting work amount, high in mechanization degree, high in stoping efficiency, safe in operation and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanized mining in underground mines, and more specifically to a high-efficiency mining method for medium-deep hole filling with reserved space strip in gently inclined thin ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] Due to its special occurrence conditions of ore bodies, gently inclined thin ore bodies have always been considered as difficult-to-mine ore bodies. For such difficult-to-mine ore bodies, generally mining methods such as room-and-pillar method, open stoping method, and upward horizontal slicing filling method are used for stoping. However, since these mining methods require personnel and equipment to operate in the open space, the designed size of the stope is relatively small, and the thin ore body restricts the ore output. On the other hand, due to the gentle dip angle of the ore body, which is less than the natural angle of repose of the ore, the ore cannot slide by gravity, and trackless equipment cannot enter the stope for operation, resulting in a difficult problem in ore drawing. And currently, these mining methods still use shallow hole blasting for ore drawing, with small stoping scale and low efficiency. Therefore, the current situation of low mechanization level, large development and cutting work amount, high mining cost, long stoping cycle, and low safety forces the technicians in this field to improve the mining method for gently inclined thin ore bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a high-efficiency mining method for medium-deep hole filling with reserved space strip in gently inclined thin ore bodies, which is applicable to the mechanized high-efficiency mining of gently inclined thin ore bodies with an ore body dip angle of 0 - 15° and good rock conditions, stable or moderately stable roof.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the high-efficiency mining method for medium-deep hole filling with reserved space strip in gently inclined thin ore bodies provided by the present invention includes the following steps: S1. Divide the stope: Divide the ore block to be mined into several panels, and divide each panel into several strip-shaped stopes. S2. Development and cutting: A crosscut for haulage is constructed at the top and bottom of each panel along the ore vein. A stope access drift and a ventilation drift are respectively constructed at the left and right ends of each panel perpendicular to the ore vein. Top pillars and bottom pillars are reserved in the stopes close to the crosscut for haulage, and protective ore pillars are reserved between adjacent panels. S3. Cutting: A crosscut for drilling is constructed in the first mined stope close to the crosscut for haulage at the bottom. After reserving the bottom pillar on the side close to the crosscut for haulage at the bottom, the crosscut for drilling is constructed parallel to the crosscut for haulage along the ore vein. S4. Stoping of the first mined stope: A cutting crosscut of the first mined stope is constructed at the end of the crosscut for drilling. Retreat-type ore caving is carried out in the crosscut for drilling with the cutting crosscut at the end as the compensation space, and the divided stopes are stoped by medium-deep hole blasting. S5. Ore drawing: After ore caving is completed, use a local fan to exhaust the blasting fumes at the working face, and use a trackless LHD to transport and unload the caved ore to the ore pass. S6. Continuous mining in the stope: After ore caving and ore drawing in the first mined stope are completed, a crosscut for drilling is reserved on the side of the goaf close to the adjacent unmined stope for stoping operations. Lay large-sized mine-use airbags, and after the airbags are inflated, they form a crosscut prosthesis. Build a filling retaining wall at the end of the goaf, and then fill the remaining goaf. After the strength of the filling body reaches the design strength requirement, a filling belt is formed. Remove the airbags to form a crosscut and continue to mine the next stope.

[0005] Preferably, in step S4, the stoping sequence of the ore block to be mined is: on the overall panel, stoping is carried out from bottom to top, and the end cut crosscut in the crosscut is used as a compensation space, and retreat stoping is gradually carried out.

[0006] Preferably, in step S4, in the crosscut, a column-mounted medium-deep hole drilling rig is used to drill upward medium-deep holes towards the side of the ore to be mined. The inclination angle of the blast holes is 0-15°, the hole depth is 6-8 m, the diameter of the medium-deep holes is 60 mm, the size of the strip-shaped emulsion explosive is 45 mm, the hole spacing is 1.1-1.2 m, and 3-4 rows of ore are caved each time.

[0007] Preferably, after the first mined stope in step S4 is mined out, the crosscuts of the adjacent stopes are reserved by the method of using airbags to reserve the crosscut of the next stope. The size of each airbag reserved crosscut is 3-3.5 m in width and 3-3.5 m in height.

[0008] Preferably, the structural parameters of the panel are: the panel width is 60-80 m, the height is 15-20 m, the length along the inclined plane of the ore body is 80-100 m, and the thickness is the thickness of the gently inclined thin ore body to be mined.

[0009] Preferably, the structural parameters of the stope are: the width between the left and right ends of the stope is 60-80 m, the height is 1-2 m, the length along the inclined plane of the ore body is 8-10 m, and the width of the protective ore pillar between the top pillar, bottom pillar and the adjacent panel is 3 m.

[0010] Preferably, the size of the crosscut roadway in the middle section is 3.8 m×3.5 m, the sizes of the stope connection roadway and ventilation drift are 3.3 m×3 m, the size of the crosscut is 3 m×3 m, and the size of the cut crosscut is 3 m×3.3 m.

[0011] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a high-efficiency mining method for medium-deep hole filling in reserved space strip of gently inclined thin ore bodies. The ore block is divided from the panel into a stope as the stoping unit, and small mechanized equipment with strong climbing ability and small working size, such as column-mounted medium-deep hole rock drilling rigs and trackless load-haul-dumpers, is used. Combined with upward medium-deep holes, the mechanized and large-scale mining of gently inclined thin ore bodies is realized. Secondly, by introducing large-sized mine airbags to reserve the rock drilling crossheading, the whole ore block development and cutting engineering is simple, and the development and cutting engineering quantity is greatly reduced. While controlling the mining cost, the stoping cycle is shortened, and the safe and efficient mining of gently inclined thin ore bodies with an inclination of 0-15° is realized. This method has the advantages of small development and cutting engineering quantity, high mechanization degree, high stoping efficiency and safe operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a top view of the high-efficiency mining method for medium-deep hole filling in reserved space strip of gently inclined thin ore bodies of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 It is a sectional view taken along line I-I of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 It is a sectional view taken along line II-II of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the stope stoping sequence of the present invention. Among them, A is the first stoping structure, and B is the secondary stoping structure; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the airbag laying of the present invention. Among them, A is the structure when the airbag is laid, and B is the structure of setting a filling body in the goaf; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of continuous stope stoping of the present invention. Among them, A is the last stoping structure, and B is the structure after all the panels are stoped.

[0014] Description of reference numerals: 1 - crosscut for intermediate-level haulage, 2 - stope access roadway, 3 - rock drilling roadway, 4 - crown pillar, 5 - sill pillar, 6 - filling body, 7 - upward medium-deep hole, 8 - ventilation drift, 9 - cutting crossheading, 10 - filling retaining wall, 11 - filling belt, 12 - airbag. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] Please refer to the attached Figures 1-6 , which is a high-efficiency mining method for medium-deep hole filling in a reserved space strip of gently inclined thin ore bodies disclosed by the present invention.

[0017] The high-efficiency mining method for medium-deep hole filling in a reserved space strip of gently inclined thin ore bodies provided by the present invention. The mining and cutting engineering of the entire panel only includes two cross-cut haulage roadways 1, one stope connection roadway 2, one ventilation crossheading 8, one drilling crossheading 3, and a cutting crossheading 9 that needs to be constructed at the end of each stope. The mining and cutting workload is small and the labor intensity is low. The specific steps are as follows: S1. Divide the stope: Divide the ore block to be mined into several panels, and divide each panel into several strip-shaped stopes; S2. Development: One cross-cut haulage roadway 1 is constructed along the ore vein at the top and bottom of the panel. One stope connection roadway 2 and one ventilation crossheading 8 are respectively constructed along the direction perpendicular to the ore vein at the left and right ends of the panel. Top pillars 4 and bottom pillars 5 are respectively reserved for the stopes close to the cross-cut haulage roadway 1, and protective ore pillars are reserved between adjacent panels; S3. Cutting: One drilling crossheading 3 is constructed in the first mining stope close to the bottom cross-cut haulage roadway 1. After leaving a bottom pillar 5 on the side of the drilling crossheading 3 close to the bottom cross-cut haulage roadway 1, it is constructed parallel to the cross-cut haulage roadway 1 along the ore vein; S4. First mining stope stoping: The cutting crossheading 9 of the first mining stope is constructed at the end of the drilling crossheading 3. Retreat mining is adopted in the drilling crossheading 3 with the cutting crossheading 9 at the end as the compensation space, and medium-deep hole caving is used to stop the mined-out stopes; S5. Ore drawing: After the ore caving is completed, use a local fan to exhaust the blasting fumes at the working face, and use a trackless LHD to transport and unload the caved ore to the ore pass; It should be noted that the slopes of the stope connecting roadway 2, ventilation roadway 8 and drilling crossheading 3 are all less than the climbing angles of mechanized equipment such as column-mounted medium-deep hole drilling rigs and trackless load-haul-dumpers, and their dimensions all meet the minimum working dimensions for the operation of mechanized equipment. Specifically, the dimension of the crosscut roadway 1 in the middle section is 3.8m×3.5m, the dimensions of the stope connecting roadway 2 and ventilation roadway 8 are 3.3m×3m, the dimension of the drilling crossheading 3 is 3m×3m, and the dimension of the cutting crossheading 9 at the end is 3m×3.3m. Underground personnel do not need to enter the goaf for operation. All drilling and hole-making work are carried out by column-mounted medium-deep hole drilling rigs in the drilling crossheading 3. Ore extraction is completed by a trackless load-haul-dumper entering the open stoping area, which greatly ensures the safety of underground operations. S6. Continuous mining in the stope: After the ore caving and ore extraction in the first mining stope are completed, a drilling crossheading 3 for stoping operation is reserved on one side of the goaf close to the adjacent unmined stope. A large-sized mine airbag 12 is laid. After the airbag 12 is inflated, it forms a drilling crossheading prosthesis, and a filling retaining wall 10 is constructed at the end of the goaf. Then, the remaining goaf is filled. After the strength of the filling body 6 reaches the design strength requirement, a filling belt 11 is formed. The airbag 12 is removed to form the drilling crossheading 3, and the next stope is continuously mined.

[0018] In this embodiment, the structural parameters of the selected panel are: the panel width is 60 - 80m, the height is 15 - 20m, the length along the inclined plane of the ore body is 80 - 100m, and the thickness is the thickness of the gently inclined thin ore body to be mined. The structural parameters of the selected stope are: the width between the left and right ends of the stope is the panel width, i.e., 60 - 80m, the height is 1 - 2m, and the length along the inclined plane of the ore body is 8 - 10m. Considering the stope structural parameters, since only one drilling crossheading 3 is constructed in the whole panel, the panel can be divided into 11 stopes as a whole. The widths of the top pillar 4, bottom pillar 5 and the protective ore pillar between adjacent panels are 3m. It should be noted that the above structural parameters of the panel, stope, etc. and the dimensions of the protective ore pillar can be adjusted according to the actual construction of the roof and floor stability.

[0019] The stoping sequence of the ore block to be mined is: in the whole panel, stoping is carried out from bottom to top, and the end cutting crossheading 9 in the drilling crossheading 3 is used as the compensation space for gradual retreat stoping.

[0020] In the drilling crossheading 3, a column-mounted medium-deep hole drilling rig is used to drill upward medium-deep holes 7 towards the direction of the ore to be mined. The dip angle of the blast holes is 0 - 15°, the hole depth is 6 - 8m, the diameter of the medium-deep holes is 60mm, the size of the strip-shaped emulsion explosive is 45mm, the hole spacing is 1.1 - 1.2m, and 3 - 4 rows of ore are caved each time.

[0021] After the first mining stope is mined out, the rock drilling crossheadings 3 of adjacent stopes are reserved by the method of reserving with airbags 12. The size of the rock drilling crossheading 3 reserved by the airbag 12 each time is 3 - 3.5 m in width and 3 - 3.5 m in height.

[0022] It should be noted that the size of the rock drilling crossheading 3 can be adjusted according to the specific blasting task requirements and on-site operation conditions; the large-sized mine airbag 12 is made of materials with high strength and toughness, and can withstand the extrusion of the filling body 6 in the adjacent goaf and the rubbing of sharp rocks on the roof, floor and side walls; the specific usage method is to reserve the rock drilling crossheading 3 required for the mining operation of the stope on one side of the goaf close to the adjacent unmined stope, lay the large-sized mine airbag 12, and after inflation, it occupies the goaf to form a rock drilling crossheading prosthesis. After the remaining goaf is filled and cured and the filling body 6 reaches the design strength, the airbag 12 is selected to be cleaned or recycled according to the damage condition of the airbag 12.

[0023] The gentle dip thin ore body reserved space strip-type medium-deep hole filling high-efficiency mining method disclosed by the present invention is very beneficial to the mechanized high-efficiency mining of gentle dip thin ore bodies with an ore body dip angle of 0 - 15° and good rock conditions, and stable or moderately stable roofs; the cross-cut haulage headings are arranged along the ore vein in the ore body, and the stope connection headings and ventilation headings are respectively constructed perpendicular to the cross-cut haulage headings along the ore body dip to divide the ore block into panels; the rock drilling crossheadings parallel to the cross-cut haulage headings are constructed along the ore body strike at the bottom of the panel, and the cutting crossheadings are constructed at the ends of the rock drilling crossheadings, and the stopes (strips) are divided along the ore body dip in the panel to form the mining units; the upward medium-deep hole caving is adopted, and the retreat mining is carried out with the end cutting crossheading as the free face; the column-mounted medium-deep hole rock drilling rig is introduced for rock drilling, and the trackless scraper is used for ore drawing; this method has the advantages of small development and cutting work amount, high mechanization degree, high mining efficiency and operation safety.

[0024] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A highly efficient mining method for gently inclined thin ore body with reserved space and strip-type medium-deep hole filling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the stope: divide the block to be mined into several panels, and divide each panel into several strip-type stopes; S2, mining approval: a middle transport tunnel (1) is constructed along the ore vein at the top and bottom of the panel area, a stope connection tunnel (2) and a ventilation tunnel (8) are constructed perpendicular to the ore vein at the left and right ends of the panel area, top pillars (4) and bottom pillars (5) are reserved in the stope area close to the middle transport tunnel (1), and protective pillars are reserved between adjacent panel areas; S3, cutting: constructing a rock drilling tunnel (3) in the first mining area near the middle section transport tunnel (1) at the bottom, wherein the rock drilling tunnel (3) is constructed along the ore vein parallel to the middle section transport tunnel (1) after reserving a bottom column (5) on one side of the middle section transport tunnel (1) at the bottom; S4, recovery of the first mining area: constructing a cutting tunnel (9) of the first mining area at the end of the rock drilling tunnel (3), using the cutting tunnel (9) at the end as compensation space in the rock drilling tunnel (3) to adopt a backward caving method, and using medium-deep hole ore dropping to recover the divided mining area; S5. Mining: After the mine collapse is completed, the local fan is used to exhaust the blasting smoke from the working face, and the trackless scraper is used to transport the collapsed ore to the chute; S6, continuous mining in the mining area: after the collapse and mining of the first mining area are completed, a rock drilling tunnel (3) for mining operations in the mining area is reserved on one side of the empty area close to the adjacent unmined mining area, and a large-sized mining air bag (12) is laid. After the air bag (12) is inflated, a rock drilling tunnel prosthesis is formed, and a filling retaining wall (10) is constructed at the end of the empty area. After that, the remaining empty area is filled. After the strength of the filling body (6) reaches the design strength requirement, a filling belt (11) is formed, and the air bag (12) is removed to form a rock drilling tunnel (3) and continue mining the next mining area.

2. The high-efficiency mining method for gently inclined thin ore body with reserved space and strip-type medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the mining sequence of the block to be mined is: mining is carried out from bottom to top on the entire panel area, and the end cutting tunnel (9) in the rock drilling tunnel (3) is used as compensation space, and mining is gradually withdrawn.

3. The highly efficient mining method for gently inclined thin ore body with reserved space and strip-type medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S4, a column-type medium-deep hole rock drilling rig is used to drill an upward medium-deep hole (7) in the rock drilling tunnel (3) toward the side of the mining direction, with a blasthole inclination of 0 to 15°, a hole depth of 6 to 8 m, a medium-deep hole diameter of 60 mm, a strip emulsion explosive size of 45 mm, a hole spacing of 1.1 to 1.2 m, and 3 to 4 rows of ore are drilled each time.

4. The high-efficiency mining method for gently inclined thin ore body with reserved space and strip-type medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the first mining stope in step S4 is mined, the rock drilling tunnels (3) of the adjacent stopes are reserved by using the airbag (12) to reserve the rock drilling tunnel (3) of the next stope. The size of the rock drilling tunnel (3) reserved by the airbag (12) each time is 3 to 3.5 m in width and 3 to 3.5 m in height.

5. The high-efficiency mining method for gently inclined thin ore body with reserved space and strip-type medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The structural parameters of the panel are: the panel width is 60-80m, the height is 15-20m, the length along the inclined surface of the ore body is 80-100m, and the thickness is the thickness of the gently inclined thin ore body to be mined.

6. The high-efficiency mining method for gently inclined thin ore body with reserved space and strip-type medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The structural parameters of the stope are: the width between the left and right ends of the stope is 60 to 80 m, the height is 1 to 2 m, the length along the inclined surface of the ore body is 8 to 10 m, and the width of the protective pillars between the top pillar (4), the bottom pillar (5) and the adjacent panel area is 3 m.

7. The high-efficiency mining method for gently inclined thin ore body with reserved space and strip-type medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The size of the middle transport tunnel (1) is 3.8m×3.5m, the size of the mining area connecting tunnel (2) and the ventilation tunnel (8) is 3.3m×3m, the size of the rock drilling tunnel (3) is 3m×3m, and the size of the cutting tunnel (9) is 3m×3.3m.

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