One-time hole aligning operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring all-in-one machine and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a one-time hole aligning operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring all-in-one machine and a construction method. The drilling, grouting and anchoring all-in-one machine comprises a propelling beam, a bolting and grouting device, a station switching device, a propelling device and a supply device. The bolting and grouting device comprises an anchoring agent spraying pipe. The station switching device comprises a station switching device I and a station switching device II, and the station switching device I can be switched between a drilling state and an anchor rod mounting state; the second station switching device can be switched between the first state that the drill rod hole and the surrounding rock preset hole are coaxial, the second state that the spray pipe hole and the surrounding rock preset hole are coaxial and the third state that the spray pipe hole and the surrounding rock preset hole are staggered simultaneously. The first station switching device and the second station switching device work cooperatively, it is ensured that drilling, anchoring agent injection and anchor rod installation share the same axis positioning reference all the time, seamless connection of procedures is achieved, and equipment displacement or repositioning is not needed in the whole process. The device has the advantages that the construction direction is adjusted at a time, the integrated operation of drilling, anchoring agent injection and anchor rod installation is completed in sequence, and the convenience during single-hole operation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel bolt support, and particularly to a drilling, grouting and bolting integrated machine for one-time hole alignment operation and a construction method thereof. Background Technique

[0002] In the tunnel surrounding rock support project, the bolt reinforcement technology is a key technical link to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock. Although its traditional construction technology is widely used, there are also many limitations. Specifically, this construction technology mainly includes the following steps: First, accurately position the holes according to the construction drawings; then, use drilling equipment to drill bolt holes at the preset positions of the surrounding rock; next, inject the anchoring agent into the holes through a long rod tool and seal them; finally, use bolt installation equipment to place the hollow bolt into the holes, and rotate the bolt nut with a handheld pistol drill to fully mix and solidify the AB components in the resin anchoring agent at the bottom of the hole. After curing, tighten the nut again to fix the tray.

[0003] However, this traditional construction method has exposed many deficiencies in practice. Firstly, the construction process requires multiple equipment to enter the site for operation in stages, such as drilling equipment, anchoring agent injection equipment, and bolt installation equipment, resulting in a cumbersome construction process and low efficiency. Secondly, due to the large number of bolt holes in the tunnel anchoring project, quality problems such as missed installation of bolts or missed injection of resin anchoring agent are likely to occur during the construction process, affecting the anchoring effect. Thirdly, the installation operations of drill rods and bolts both require manual climbing to operate, which not only requires a large amount of manpower but also has a high labor intensity, further restricting the improvement of construction efficiency.

[0004] In addition, from the technical level of the construction technology, there are also some obvious defects in the existing technology. To ensure the smooth installation of bolts, the bolt hole diameter is usually set larger than the bolt rod diameter during the design and construction. However, this design makes the bolt prone to slip during the injection of the anchoring agent after installation, and it is difficult to ensure the full mixing of the resin anchoring agent when stirring long bolts. Especially during vertical hole operation, the method of manually supporting the bolt and stirring the resin anchoring agent not only has a great labor intensity but also is difficult to ensure the accuracy and uniformity of the anchoring agent injection, ultimately having an adverse impact on the overall construction quality of the anchoring project.

[0005] Chinese Patent CN113279799B discloses a double-push beam drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine head, a trolley and a tunnel bolt construction process. Through the structural design of the double-push beam, the first push beam is connected to the swing frame through a slider and can slide back and forth on the swing frame through the first sliding drive unit. A rock drill is arranged on the first push beam; the second is connected to the swing frame through a slider and can slide back and forth on the swing frame through the second sliding drive unit. An anchor driving unit is arranged on the second push beam; the middle beam is installed on the swing frame by bolting. A grouting head is installed at the front end of the middle beam for grouting the bolt. Through the arranged first push beam, second push beam and middle beam, the integrated construction of drilling, anchoring and grouting is realized, but there are some technical defects:

[0006] (1) The integrated machine head adopts a double-push beam structure. Both the first push beam and the second push beam are connected to the swing frame through sliders and are respectively equipped with independent first and second sliding drive units to support the back-and-forth sliding movement on the swing frame. A rock drill is loaded on the first push beam, which is responsible for the drilling operation; while the second push beam is equipped with an anchor driving unit for the propulsion and installation of the bolt. The design of this double-independent drive system, while enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the operation, also greatly increases the structural complexity of the whole machine. Each push beam needs to be configured with a complete drive system, which not only increases the manufacturing difficulty, results in a complex overall structure, increases the manufacturing cost and the maintenance difficulty.

[0007] (2) In the construction process flow, although the integrated machine head realizes the integrated integration of drilling, anchoring and grouting operations, in the actual operation process, it exposes the problem of low hole alignment efficiency for the preset hole positions on the surrounding rock. Since the first push beam and the second push beam are respectively responsible for drilling and bolt installation, and the grouting head installed on the middle beam is used for subsequent grouting operations, when performing this series of processes, it is often necessary to repeatedly align the preset hole positions on the surrounding rock. This process of multiple hole alignments is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also reduces the overall construction efficiency. Especially in the complex and changeable tunnel construction environment, each alignment adjustment may mean additional time consumption and accuracy challenges, thus affecting the progress and cost control of the entire engineering project. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an integrated drilling, grouting and anchoring machine and a construction method for one-time hole alignment operation that can achieve one-time construction direction adjustment, can sequentially complete the integrated operations of drilling, injection of anchoring agent and bolt installation, improve the convenience during single-hole operation, avoid missing bolts or missing injection of anchoring agent, speed up the single-hole operation speed of tunnel support, avoid the risk of manual climbing operation, reduce the construction cost, and has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is a one-time hole-operated drilling, injecting and anchoring integrated machine, which at least includes:

[0010] A propulsion beam;

[0011] An injection and anchoring device, the injection and anchoring device at least includes an anchoring agent spray pipe;

[0012] A station switching device, the station switching device at least includes a station switching device one and a station switching device two installed at both ends of the propulsion beam. The station switching device one at least includes a rock drill, a power head and a first driving mechanism. The station switching device one has a drilling state where the rotation center axis of the drill rod of the rock drill is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, and the output end of the power head is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, and a state where the drill rod of the rock drill is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling, and the rotation center axis of the output end of the power head is coaxial with the drilled hole in the surrounding rock for bolt installation. The first driving mechanism is used to drive the station switching device one to switch between the drilling state and the bolt installation state;

[0013] The station switching device two at least includes a drill rod hole corresponding to the output end of the drill rod of the rock drill, a spray pipe hole corresponding to the output end of the anchoring agent spray pipe, and a second driving mechanism. The station switching device two has a first state where the drill rod hole is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock and the spray pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, a second state where the drill rod hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling and the spray pipe hole is coaxial with the drilled hole in the surrounding rock, and a third state where the drill rod hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling and the spray pipe hole is misaligned with the drilled hole in the surrounding rock. The second driving mechanism is used to drive the station switching device two to switch between the first state, the second state and the third state;

[0014] When the station switching device one is in the drilling state and the station switching device two is in the first state; when the station switching device one is in the bolt installation state, the station switching device two can freely switch between the second state and the third state;

[0015] And a propulsion device and a supply device corresponding to the station switching device;

[0016] When the station switching device one is in the drilling state and the station switching device two is in the first state, the propulsion device is used to push the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the drill rod of the rock drill abuts against the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling;

[0017] and the first station switching device is in the bolt installation state, and the second station switching device is in the third installation state. The supply device is used to supply bolts to the power head, and the propulsion device is used to push the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam, driving the bolt to extend into a preset hole in the surrounding rock for bolt installation.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the propulsion device at least includes a first mounting plate slidably connected to the propulsion beam, second and third mounting plates fixedly connected to the propulsion beam on both sides of the first mounting plate, and a third driving mechanism for driving the first mounting plate to slide along the extending direction of the propulsion beam;

[0019] The first station switching device further includes a fourth mounting plate and a fifth mounting plate slidably connected to the first, second, and third mounting plates along a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the propulsion beam. The rock drill is fixedly connected to the fourth mounting plate, and the power head is fixedly connected to the fifth mounting plate;

[0020] When the first station switching device is in the drilling state, the fourth mounting plate is aligned with the first mounting plate, and the fifth mounting plate is aligned with the second mounting plate;

[0021] When the first station switching device is in the bolt installation state, the fourth mounting plate is aligned with the third mounting plate, and the fifth mounting plate is aligned with the first mounting plate.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, a locking device is further included. The locking device includes a fourth driving element installed below the first mounting plate, and a locking block fixedly connected to the output end of the fourth driving element;

[0023] The first mounting plate is provided with a first positioning hole adapted to the locking block, the fourth mounting plate is provided with a second positioning hole adapted to the first positioning hole, and the fifth mounting plate is provided with a third positioning hole adapted to the first positioning hole;

[0024] When the first station switching device is in the drilling state and the second station switching device is in the first state, the fourth driving element drives the locking block to extend from the first positioning hole into the second positioning hole, so that the fourth mounting plate is locked with the first mounting plate. When the first station switching device switches from the drilling state to the bolt installation state, the fourth driving element drives the locking block to retract from the second positioning hole into the first positioning hole, so that the fourth mounting plate is unlocked from the first mounting plate;

[0025] The first station switching device is in the bolt installation state, and the second station switching device is in the third installation state. The fourth driving element drives the locking block to extend from the first positioning hole into the third positioning hole, so that the fifth mounting plate is locked with the first mounting plate. The first station switching device switches from the bolt installation state to the drilling state. The fourth driving element drives the locking block to retract from the third positioning hole into the first positioning hole, so that the fifth mounting plate is unlocked from the first mounting plate.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the first driving mechanism includes a first sliding groove fixedly connected to the propulsion beam, a sliding plate slidably connected to the first sliding groove along a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the propulsion beam, and a first driving element located in the first sliding groove and having an output end connected to the sliding plate. The sliding plate is provided with a first guiding column and a second guiding column extending towards the second station switching device and arranged in parallel. The fourth mounting plate is provided with a first guiding sleeve adapted to the first guiding column, and the fifth mounting plate is provided with a second guiding sleeve adapted to the second guiding column.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the first guiding column and / or the second guiding column are both provided with guiding surfaces that are tapered from the first station switching device towards the second station switching device.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the second station switching device further includes a second rotating plate rotatably connected to the propulsion beam around the extending direction of the propulsion beam, and a first rotating plate rotatably connected to the second rotating plate. The drill pipe hole is located at the free end of the first rotating plate, and the nozzle hole is located at the free end of the second rotating plate;

[0029] The second driving mechanism includes a second driving element installed on the propulsion beam and having an output end fixedly connected to the second rotating plate, and a fifth driving element installed on the second rotating plate and having an output end fixedly connected to the first rotating plate.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the grouting and anchoring device further includes a propulsion oil cylinder installed on the second rotating plate, and the output end of the propulsion oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the anchoring agent nozzle;

[0031] The first station switching device is in the bolt installation state, and the second station switching device is in the second state. The propulsion oil cylinder is used to push the nozzle of the anchoring agent nozzle into a preset hole in the surrounding rock for injecting the anchoring agent.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the supply device includes a first manipulator and a second manipulator sequentially installed along the extending direction of the propulsion beam;

[0033] The first station switching device is in the bolt installation state, and the second station switching device is in the third state. The supply device supplies bolts to the power head through the first manipulator and the second manipulator.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the propulsion beam is provided with a slewing mechanism. The propulsion beam rotates around an axis perpendicular to the extending direction of the propulsion beam with a TMB tunnel boring machine or a shield machine through the slewing mechanism. The maximum rotation angle of the slewing mechanism is 160°.

[0035] The present invention also provides a construction method using the one-time hole alignment type drilling, injecting and anchoring machine as described above, which at least includes the following steps:

[0036] Step S1: Based on the surveyed surrounding rock type and tunnel support plan, preset holes for the surrounding rock are arranged along the circumferential direction of the tunnel.

[0037] Step S2: Based on the positions of the preset holes for the surrounding rock, the construction direction of the propulsion beam is adjusted to complete hole alignment.

[0038] Step S3: Based on the construction direction of the propulsion beam, the first driving mechanism is used to adjust the first station switching device to the drilling state, and correspondingly, the second driving mechanism is used to adjust the second station switching device to the first state. The propulsion device pushes the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the drill rod of the rock drill abuts against the preset hole for the surrounding rock to perform drilling.

[0039] Step S4: After drilling is completed, the propulsion device pushes the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam to reset the rock drill.

[0040] Step S5: The first driving mechanism is used to adjust the first station switching device to the bolt installation state, and correspondingly, the second driving mechanism is used to adjust the second station switching device to the second state. The anchor injection device injects the anchoring agent into the drilled hole of the preset hole for the surrounding rock through the anchoring agent spray pipe.

[0041] Step S6: After injecting the anchoring agent is completed, the first station switching device is in the bolt installation state. The second driving mechanism is used to adjust the second station switching device to the third state. The supply device is used to supply bolts to the power head. The propulsion device pushes the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the power head is docked with the bolt, and drives the bolt to extend into the drilled hole of the preset hole for the surrounding rock to install the bolt.

[0042] Step S7: The power head drives the bolt to rotate forward and backward to stir the anchoring agent in the drilled hole of the preset hole for the surrounding rock. After the anchoring agent solidifies to generate an anchoring force, the bolt nut is tightened to complete the bolt installation.

[0043] Step S8, after the anchor rod installation is completed, the propulsion device pushes the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam to reset the power head.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the one-time hole alignment operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine and construction method disclosed by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0045] (1) The one-time hole alignment operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine disclosed by the present invention at least includes a propulsion beam, an anchor grouting device, a working position switching device, and a propulsion device and a supply device correspondingly arranged with the working position switching device. The working position switching device at least includes a working position switching device one and a working position switching device two installed at both ends of the propulsion beam. On the one hand, the switching device is integrated at both ends of a single propulsion beam. After the propulsion beam adjusts the construction direction according to the preset hole position of the surrounding rock, through the coordinated action of the working position switching device one and the working position switching device two, the integrated operations of drilling, anchoring agent injection, and anchor rod installation are sequentially completed, without the need to repeatedly align the same preset hole of the surrounding rock, improving the convenience during single-hole operation; on the other hand, by adopting a single propulsion beam, the number of mechanical components is reduced, the equipment complexity is lowered, the redundant design of the double propulsion beam is avoided, and the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty are significantly reduced.

[0046] The working position switching device one at least includes a rock drill, a power head, and a first driving mechanism. The working position switching device one has a drilling state where the rotation center axis of the drill rod of the rock drill is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, and the output end of the power head is misaligned with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, and an anchor rod installation state where the drill rod of the rock drill is misaligned with the preset hole of the surrounding rock for drilling, and the rotation center axis of the output end of the power head is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock for drilling. The first driving mechanism is used to drive the working position switching device one to switch between the drilling state and the anchor rod installation state. Through the first driving mechanism, seamless connection of the processes of the drilling state and the anchor rod installation state is realized. On the one hand, it avoids the cumbersome process of frequently replacing equipment in traditional construction, and at the same time greatly shortens the construction preparation time and improves the overall construction efficiency; on the other hand, through the working position switching device one, the error caused by equipment replacement or adjustment is reduced, and the stability and reliability of the construction quality are improved. At the same time, in the drilling state, the rotation center axis of the drill rod of the rock drill is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, ensuring the accuracy and perpendicularity of the drilling; in the anchor rod installation state, the rotation center axis of the output end of the power head is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the anchor rod installation.

[0047] The working position switching device II at least includes a drill pipe hole corresponding to the output end of the drill pipe of the rock drill, a spray pipe hole corresponding to the output end of the anchoring agent spray pipe, and a second driving mechanism. The working position switching device I has a first state in which the drill pipe hole is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, and the spray pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, a second state in which the drill pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling, and the spray pipe hole is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling, and a third state in which the drill pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling, and the spray pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling. The working position switching device II cooperates with the working position switching device I. By ensuring the coaxiality of the drill pipe hole and the preset hole in the surrounding rock, the construction accuracy during the drilling process is ensured. The spray pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling, and the grouting and anchoring device gives way to the rock drill through the spray pipe hole, avoiding spatial interference. When the working position switching device II is in the second state, the spray pipe hole is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, ensuring the accuracy and uniformity of the injection of the anchoring agent, thereby improving the quality and stability of the bolt support. Through the second driving mechanism, the working position switching device II can be quickly and accurately driven to switch between different states, reducing the complexity and time consumption of manual operation and improving the construction efficiency.

[0048] When the working position switching device I is in the drilling state and the working position switching device II is in the first state, the propulsion device is used to push the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the drill pipe of the rock drill abuts against the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling. When the working position switching device I is in the bolt installation state and the working position switching device II is in the third installation state, the supply device is used to supply bolts to the power head, and the propulsion device is used to push the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam, driving the bolt to extend into the preset hole in the surrounding rock for bolt installation. Through a single propulsion device, the sliding of the rock drill and the power head relative to the propulsion beam is realized, so as to drill the preset hole in the surrounding rock and install bolts, without repeated hole alignment operations, improving the construction efficiency.

[0049] Through the coordinated actions of the working position switching device I and II, seamless connection of the three processes of drilling, anchoring agent injection, and bolt installation is achieved under the same axis reference, so as to realize single positioning operation of the whole process of drilling - anchoring agent injection - bolt installation with one hole alignment. During the drilling stage, the working position switching device I is in the drilling state (the drill pipe of the rock drill is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock), and the working position switching device II is in the first state (the drill pipe holes are coaxial), and the rock drill directly drills the hole; during the anchoring agent injection stage, the working position switching device I maintains the bolt installation state (the output end of the power head is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock), and the working position switching device II switches to the second state (the spray pipe holes are coaxial), and the grouting and anchoring device accurately injects the anchoring agent through the spray pipe holes; during the bolt installation stage, the working position switching device II switches to the third state (double holes are misaligned), and the output end of the power head extends into the hole to complete the bolt installation. Ensure that drilling, anchoring agent injection, and bolt installation always share the same axis positioning reference, realize seamless connection of processes, and there is no need for equipment displacement or repositioning during the whole process.

[0050] (2) The present invention discloses a drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine for one-time hole alignment operation, which further includes a locking device. The locking device includes a fourth driving element installed below the first mounting plate and a locking block fixedly connected to its output end. The first mounting plate is provided with a first positioning hole matching the locking block, and the fourth mounting plate and the fifth mounting plate are respectively provided with a second positioning hole and a third positioning hole corresponding to the first positioning hole. When the first station switching device is in the drilling state and the second station switching device is in the first state, the fourth driving element drives the locking block to extend from the first positioning hole and penetrate into the second positioning hole, thereby realizing the tight locking of the fourth mounting plate and the first mounting plate. When the first station switching device switches from the drilling state to the anchor rod installation state, the fourth driving element drives the locking block to retract from the second positioning hole to the first positioning hole, releasing the locking state between the fourth mounting plate and the first mounting plate. Similarly, when the first station switching device is in the anchor rod installation state and the second station switching device is in the third installation state, the locking block will extend from the first positioning hole and penetrate into the third positioning hole under the drive of the fourth driving element, so that the fifth mounting plate and the first mounting plate are tightly locked. When the first station switching device switches from the anchor rod installation state to the drilling state, the locking block will retract from the third positioning hole to the first positioning hole, releasing the locking state between the fifth mounting plate and the first mounting plate. The first station switching device can flexibly switch the positions of the fourth mounting plate and the fifth mounting plate so that they are located above the first mounting plate. During the drilling construction process, the locking block will extend into the second positioning hole to tightly lock the fourth mounting plate and the first mounting plate; during the anchor rod installation construction process, the locking block will extend into the third positioning hole to tightly lock the fifth mounting plate and the first mounting plate.

[0051] With such a structural design, on the one hand, a single driving mechanism (i.e., the third driving mechanism) can simultaneously realize the propulsion of the rock drill and the power head, reducing the number of driving elements, lowering the manufacturing cost, simplifying the control system, and improving the control accuracy. In addition, through the precise control of the locking block, fine adjustment of the positions between the fourth mounting plate and the first mounting plate, and between the fifth mounting plate and the first mounting plate can be achieved, avoiding the position offset between the mounting plates during the station conversion process. This fine adjustment of the position ensures that the rock drill and the power head can accurately drill holes and install anchor rods along the predetermined route under the drive of the propulsion device, solving the problem of multiple hole alignments required by traditional drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machines.

[0052] (3) The present invention discloses a one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine. The first driving mechanism includes a first chute fixedly connected to the propulsion beam, a sliding plate slidably connected to the first chute along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the propulsion beam, and a first driving element located in the first chute and having an output end connected to the sliding plate. The sliding plate is provided with a first guiding column and a second guiding column that extend towards the second working position switching device and are arranged in parallel. The fourth mounting plate is provided with a first guiding sleeve adapted to the first guiding column, and the fifth mounting plate is provided with a second guiding sleeve adapted to the second guiding column. Both the first guiding column and the second guiding column are provided with guiding surfaces that are tapered from the first working position switching device towards the second working position switching device. The structural design shows significant advantages in two aspects: firstly, during the reset process of the sliding plate, the guiding surfaces can automatically correct the position offset caused by mechanical vibration or minor deviation, ensuring the positioning accuracy after each working position switching; secondly, by reducing mechanical collision and friction, the operating noise is effectively reduced, and the overall operating quality of the equipment is improved. In addition, a single driving device can achieve precise control of the sliding plate to drive the fourth mounting plate and the fifth mounting plate to switch working positions, greatly reducing the manufacturing cost and maintenance complexity.

[0053] Through the dual action mechanism of the guiding column-guiding sleeve cooperation system (i.e., the cooperation between the first guiding column and the first guiding sleeve, and the cooperation between the second guiding column and the second guiding sleeve) and the locking device, complementary advantages are formed in the drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine: the guiding column-guiding sleeve cooperation system realizes the preliminary position correction and stable support during the working position switching process through the precise "column-sleeve" structure and the guiding surface design; while the locking device further corrects the position and rigidly fixes the mounting plate through the tight cooperation between the locking block and the positioning hole, further improving the positioning accuracy and operating stability of the equipment. This dual action mechanism not only solves the problem of multiple hole alignments required by traditional drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machines, but also significantly reduces the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of the equipment by reducing the number of driving elements, simplifying the control system, and improving the control accuracy. At the same time, this mechanism also ensures that the rock drill and the power head can accurately drill holes and install anchor bolts along the predetermined route under the drive of the propulsion device, providing a strong guarantee for the efficient and precise construction of underground projects. Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of another angle of the overall structure of an embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine and the TMB tunnel boring machine in an embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first mounting plate, the second mounting plate, the third mounting plate, the fourth mounting plate, and the fifth mounting plate of the embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting, and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the installation of the locking device of the embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting, and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 For Figure 5 Cross-sectional view in the A-A direction of;

[0060] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second station switching device of the embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting, and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second station switching device of the embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting, and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention in the first state;

[0062] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second station switching device of the embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting, and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention in the second state;

[0063] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second station switching device of the embodiment of the one-time hole-aligning operation type drilling, grouting, and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention in the third state.

[0064] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0065] 1 - propulsion beam; 11 - slewing mechanism;

[0066] 2 - grouting and anchoring device; 21 - anchoring agent spray pipe; 22 - propulsion oil cylinder;

[0067] 3 - station switching device; 31 - first station switching device; 311 - rock drill; 312 - power head; 313 - first driving mechanism; 3131 - first chute; 3132 - sliding plate; 3133 - first driving element; 3134 - first guide post; 31341 - guiding surface; 3135 - second guide post; 314 - fourth mounting plate; 3141 - second positioning hole; 3142 - first guide sleeve; 315 - fifth mounting plate; 3151 - third positioning hole; 3152 - second guide sleeve; 32 - second station switching device; 321 - drill pipe hole; 322 - spray pipe hole; 323 - second driving mechanism; 3231 - second driving element; 3232 - fifth driving element; 324 - first rotating plate; 325 - second rotating plate; 326 - first rotating shaft; 327 - second rotating shaft;

[0068] 4 - Propulsion device; 41 - First mounting plate; 411 - First positioning hole; 42 - Second mounting plate; 43 - Third mounting plate; 44 - Third driving mechanism;

[0069] 5 - Feeding device; 51 - First manipulator; 52 - Second manipulator;

[0070] 6 - Locking device; 61 - Fourth driving element; 62 - Locking block.

[0071] 7 - TBM tunnel boring machine. Detailed implementation manners

[0072] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0073] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to more thoroughly and completely understand the present disclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present disclosure are only for exemplary purposes and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0074] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the description of this application in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit this application. The term "or / and" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0075] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and do not particularly refer to the order or sequence. Nor are they used to limit the present invention. They are only used to distinguish components or operations described with the same technical terms and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.

[0076] Embodiment 1

[0077] The one - time hole - alignment operation type drilling, grouting and anchoring machine of this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, at least includes a propulsion beam 1, an anchoring and grouting device 2, a working - position switching device 3, and a propulsion device 4 and a supply device 5 correspondingly arranged with the working - position switching device 3. The anchoring and grouting device at least includes an anchoring agent spray pipe 21. The working - position switching device 3 at least includes a first working - position switching device 31 and a second working - position switching device 32 installed at both ends of the propulsion beam 1. On the one hand, the switching device is integrated at both ends of a single propulsion beam. After the propulsion beam adjusts the construction direction according to the preset hole position of the surrounding rock, through the coordinated action of the first working - position switching device and the second working - position switching device, the integrated operations of drilling, injecting anchoring agent, and installing anchor bolts are completed in sequence, without the need to align the same preset hole of the surrounding rock multiple times, improving the convenience during single - hole operation; on the other hand, using a single propulsion beam reduces the number of mechanical components, lowers the equipment complexity, avoids the redundant design of a double - propulsion beam, and significantly reduces the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty.

[0078] The first working - position switching device 31 at least includes a rock drill 311, a power head 312, and a first driving mechanism 313. The first working - position switching device has:

[0079] a drilling state where the rotation center axis of the drill rod of the rock drill is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, and the output end of the power head is misaligned with the preset hole of the surrounding rock;

[0080] and an anchor - bolt installation state where the drill rod of the rock drill is misaligned with the preset hole of the surrounding rock for drilling, and the rotation center axis of the output end of the power head is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock for drilling.

[0081] The first driving mechanism is used to drive the first working - position switching device to switch between the drilling state and the anchor - bolt installation state. Through the first driving mechanism, seamless connection of the processes of the drilling state and the anchor - bolt installation state is realized. On the one hand, it avoids the cumbersome process of frequently replacing equipment in traditional construction, and at the same time greatly shortens the construction preparation time and improves the overall construction efficiency; on the other hand, through the first working - position switching device, the error caused by equipment replacement or adjustment is reduced, and the stability and reliability of the construction quality are improved. At the same time, in the drilling state, the rotation center axis of the drill rod of the rock drill is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, ensuring the accuracy and perpendicularity of drilling; in the anchor - bolt installation state, the rotation center axis of the output end of the power head is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, ensuring the accuracy and stability of anchor - bolt installation.

[0082] As Figure 1 and Figure 7 shown, the second working - position switching device 32 at least includes a drill - rod hole 321 correspondingly arranged with the output end of the drill rod of the rock drill 311, a spray - pipe hole 322 correspondingly arranged with the output end of the anchoring agent spray pipe 21, and a second driving mechanism 323.

[0083] As Figure 8 、Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown in Figure 10 , the second station switching device has:

[0084] A first state where the drill pipe hole is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, and the spray pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock;

[0085] A second state where the drill pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock during drilling, and the spray pipe hole is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock during drilling;

[0086] And a third state where the drill pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock during drilling, and the spray pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock during drilling;

[0087] The second driving mechanism is used to drive the second station switching device to switch between the first state, the second state and the third state. The second station switching device cooperates with the first station switching device. By ensuring the coaxiality of the drill pipe hole and the preset hole in the surrounding rock, the construction accuracy during drilling is ensured. The spray pipe hole is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock during drilling, and the grouting and anchoring device gives way to the rock drill through the spray pipe hole, avoiding spatial interference. When the second station switching device is in the second state, the spray pipe hole is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, ensuring the accuracy and uniformity of the injection of the anchoring agent, thereby improving the quality and stability of the bolt support. Through the second driving mechanism, the second station switching device can be quickly and accurately driven to switch between different states, reducing the complexity and time consumption of manual operation and improving the construction efficiency.

[0088] The first station switching device is in the drilling state, and the second station switching device is in the first state; when the first station switching device is in the bolt installation state, the second station switching device can freely switch between the second state and the third state.

[0089] When the first station switching device is in the drilling state and the second station switching device is in the first state, the propulsion device is used to push the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the drill pipe of the rock drill abuts against the preset hole in the surrounding rock for drilling. And when the first station switching device is in the bolt installation state and the second station switching device is in the third installation state, the supply device is used to supply bolts to the power head, and the propulsion device is used to push the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam, driving the bolt to extend into the preset hole in the surrounding rock for bolt installation. Through a single propulsion device, the sliding of the rock drill and the power head relative to the propulsion beam is realized, so as to drill the preset hole in the surrounding rock and install bolts, without repeated hole alignment operations, improving the construction efficiency.

[0090] Through the coordinated actions of the first and second station switching devices, seamless connection of the three processes of drilling, injection of anchoring agent, and bolt installation is realized under the same axis reference, so as to achieve single positioning operation and full-process automation of the entire process of drilling - injection of anchoring agent - bolt installation with one hole alignment.

[0091] Drilling stage: The first station switching device is in the drilling state (the drill rod of the rock drill is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock), the second station switching device is in the first state (the drill rod holes are coaxial), and the rock drill drills directly.

[0092] Anchoring agent injection stage: The first station switching device maintains the bolt installation state (the output end of the power head is coaxial with the preset hole in the surrounding rock), the second station switching device switches to the second state (the spray pipe holes are coaxial), and the anchor injection device accurately injects the anchoring agent through the spray pipe holes.

[0093] Bolt installation stage: The second station switching device switches to the third state (double holes are misaligned), and the output end of the power head extends into the hole to complete the bolt installation.

[0094] Ensure that drilling, anchoring agent injection, and bolt installation always share the same axis positioning reference, achieve seamless connection of processes, and there is no need for equipment displacement or repositioning during the whole process.

[0095] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the propulsion device 4 at least includes a first mounting plate 41 slidably connected to the propulsion beam 1, second mounting plates 42 and third mounting plates 43 fixedly connected to the propulsion beam 1 on both sides of the first mounting plate, and a third driving mechanism 44 for driving the first mounting plate to slide along the extending direction of the propulsion beam.

[0096] The first station switching device 31 further includes a fourth mounting plate 314 and a fifth mounting plate 315 slidably connected to the first mounting plate, the second mounting plate and the third mounting plate along the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the propulsion beam 1. The rock drill 311 is fixedly connected to the fourth mounting plate, and the power head 312 is fixedly connected to the fifth mounting plate.

[0097] When the first station switching device is in the drilling state, the fourth mounting plate is aligned with the first mounting plate, and the fifth mounting plate is aligned with the second mounting plate;

[0098] When the first station switching device is in the bolt installation state, the fourth mounting plate is aligned with the third mounting plate, and the fifth mounting plate is aligned with the first mounting plate.

[0099] In this embodiment, the first mounting plate, the fourth mounting plate and the fifth mounting plate have the same size along the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the propulsion beam 1. On the one hand, it realizes the rapid switching between two working stations (drilling state and bolt installation state); on the other hand, it keeps consistent in the transverse dimension, ensures the alignment accuracy, and improves the stability of equipment operation.

[0100] In this embodiment, the first station switching device 31 is located on the rotation center axis of the drill rod of the rock drill 311 in the drilling state and is coaxial with the rotation center axis of the output end of the power head 312 in the anchor rod installation state of the first station switching device, ensuring that after the station switching device switches the working positions of the rock drill and the power head, the preset holes in the surrounding rock can be drilled and the anchor rods can be installed in sequence without additional hole alignment operations and position adjustments.

[0101] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the one-time hole alignment operation type drill-grouting-anchoring machine of this embodiment further includes a locking device 6. The locking device includes a fourth driving element 61 installed below the first mounting plate 41 and a locking block 62 fixedly connected to the output end of the fourth driving element.

[0102] The first mounting plate 41 is provided with a first positioning hole 411 adapted to the locking block, the fourth mounting plate 314 is provided with a second positioning hole 3141 adapted to the first positioning hole, and the fifth mounting plate 315 is provided with a third positioning hole 3151 adapted to the first positioning hole.

[0103] When the first station switching device is in the drilling state and the second station switching device is in the first state, the fourth driving element 61 drives the locking block to extend from the first positioning hole into the second positioning hole 3141, so that the fourth mounting plate 314 is locked with the first mounting plate. When the first station switching device switches from the drilling state to the anchor rod installation state, the fourth driving element 61 drives the locking block to retract from the second positioning hole into the first positioning hole, so that the fourth mounting plate is unlocked from the first mounting plate.

[0104] The first station switching device is in the bolt installation state, and the second station switching device is in the third installation state. The fourth driving element 61 drives the locking block to extend from the first positioning hole into the third positioning hole 3151, so that the fifth mounting plate 315 is locked with the first mounting plate. The first station switching device switches from the bolt installation state to the drilling state. The fourth driving element 61 drives the locking block to retract from the third positioning hole into the first positioning hole, so that the fifth mounting plate is unlocked from the first mounting plate. The first station switching device can flexibly switch the positions of the fourth mounting plate and the fifth mounting plate so that they are located above the first mounting plate. During the drilling construction process, the locking block will extend into the second positioning hole to tightly lock the fourth mounting plate and the first mounting plate; while during the bolt installation construction process, the locking block will extend into the third positioning hole to tightly lock the fifth mounting plate and the first mounting plate. With such a structural design, on the one hand, a single driving element (i.e., the third driving mechanism) can simultaneously achieve the propulsion of the rock drill and the power head, reducing the number of driving elements, lowering the manufacturing cost, simplifying the control system, and improving the control accuracy. In addition, through the precise control of the locking block, fine adjustment of the positions between the fourth mounting plate and the first mounting plate, and between the fifth mounting plate and the first mounting plate can be achieved, avoiding the position offset between the mounting plates during the station conversion process. This fine adjustment of the position ensures that the rock drill and the power head can accurately drill holes and install bolts along the predetermined route under the drive of the propulsion device, solving the problem that the traditional drilling-grouting-anchoring machine needs to align the holes multiple times.

[0105] Preferably, as Figure 6 shown, the second positioning hole 3141 and the third positioning hole 3151 include a positioning portion 31511 adapted to the outer peripheral surface of the locking block 62, and a guiding portion 31512 that is gradually widened outward along the axis near one end of the first positioning hole 411. The guiding portion is gradually widened outward along the axis to form a physical guiding channel. The fourth driving element drives the locking block to extend from the first positioning hole into the second positioning hole and drives the locking block to be inserted into the third positioning hole from the first positioning hole. On the one hand, it corrects the position of the station switching device after switching the positions of the second mounting plate and the third mounting plate, realizes automatic position correction, and ensures the accuracy of the drilling and bolt installation operations for the preset holes in the surrounding rock after one hole alignment; on the other hand, when the locking block is completely embedded in the positioning portion, the first mounting plate and the second / third mounting plate form a three-point surface contact, with high structural stiffness and improved ability to resist equipment vibration during the construction process.

[0106] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the first driving mechanism 313 includes a first sliding groove 3131 fixedly connected to the propulsion beam 1, a sliding plate 3132 slidably connected to the first sliding groove along a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the propulsion beam, and a first driving element 3133 located in the first sliding groove and having an output end connected to the sliding plate. The sliding plate is provided with a first guiding column 3134 and a second guiding column 3135 that extend towards the second station switching device 32 and are arranged in parallel. The fourth mounting plate 314 is provided with a first guiding sleeve 3142 adapted to the first guiding column, and the fifth mounting plate 315 is provided with a second guiding sleeve 3152 adapted to the second guiding column.

[0107] Preferably, both the first guiding column 3134 and the second guiding column 3135 are provided with guiding surfaces 31341 that are tapered towards the second station switching device 32 from the first station switching device 31. Such a structural design shows significant advantages in two aspects: First, during the reset process of the sliding plate, the guiding surface can automatically correct the position offset caused by mechanical vibration or minor deviation, ensuring the positioning accuracy after each station switching; Second, by reducing mechanical collision and friction, the operating noise is effectively reduced, and the overall operating quality of the equipment is improved. In addition, a single driving device can achieve precise control of the sliding plate to drive the fourth mounting plate and the fifth mounting plate to switch stations, greatly reducing the manufacturing cost and maintenance complexity.

[0108] Through the dual action mechanism of the guiding column-guiding sleeve cooperation system (i.e., the cooperation between the first guiding column and the first guiding sleeve, and the cooperation between the second guiding column and the second guiding sleeve) and the locking device, complementary advantages are formed in the drilling, grouting, and anchoring integrated machine: The guiding column-guiding sleeve cooperation system realizes the preliminary position correction and stable support during the station switching process through the precise "column-sleeve" structure and the guiding surface design; while the locking device further corrects the position and rigidly fixes the mounting plate through the tight cooperation between the locking block and the positioning hole, further improving the positioning accuracy and operating stability of the equipment. This dual action mechanism not only solves the problem of multiple hole alignments required by traditional drilling, grouting, and anchoring integrated machines, but also significantly reduces the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of the equipment by reducing the number of driving elements, simplifying the control system, and improving the control accuracy. At the same time, this mechanism also ensures that the rock drill and the power head can accurately drill holes and install anchor bolts along the predetermined route under the drive of the propulsion device, providing a strong guarantee for the efficient and precise construction of underground projects.

[0109] As Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown in the figure, the second station switching device 32 further includes a second rotating plate 325 rotatably connected to the propulsion beam 1 around the extending direction of the propulsion beam, and a first rotating plate 324 rotatably connected to the second rotating plate. The drill pipe hole 321 is located at the free end of the first rotating plate, and the nozzle hole 322 is located at the free end of the second rotating plate;

[0110] The second driving mechanism 323 includes a second driving element 3231 installed on the propulsion beam 1 and having an output end fixedly connected to the second rotating plate 325, and a fifth driving element 3232 installed on the second rotating plate 325 and having an output end fixedly connected to the first rotating plate 324.

[0111] Preferably, the rotation center axis of the first rotating plate and the rotation center axis of the second rotating plate are on the same axis.

[0112] Preferably, the distance between the axis of the nozzle hole and the rotation center axis of the second rotating plate is the same as the distance between the axis of the drill pipe hole and the rotation center axis of the first rotating plate. On the one hand, the switching of the second station switching device among the first state, the second state and the third state is smoother. This design reduces the adjustment time and steps during state switching and improves the construction efficiency; on the other hand, due to the same distance between the two, the control logic can be more simplified. The control system only needs to switch the position of the corresponding rotating plate according to the operation state without considering the additional adjustment caused by the distance difference, reducing the complexity and cost of the control system, and improving the reliability and usability of the device.

[0113] In this embodiment, a first rotating shaft 326 is provided at the connection position between the first rotating plate 324 and the output end of the fifth driving element 3232. The output end of the fifth driving element is rotatably connected to the first rotating plate through the first rotating shaft 326; the drill pipe hole 321 and the rotation center of the first rotating plate are respectively located on both sides of the second rotating shaft, and the distance between the drill pipe hole and the second rotating shaft is less than the distance between the rotation center of the second rotating plate and the second rotating shaft. The drill pipe hole radially positions the drill pipe of the rock drill in the drilling state. The rock drill has a large reaction force during work. By adopting the structural design with the drill pipe hole closer to the second rotating shaft, the torque generated by the drill pipe of the rock drill is reduced, and the stability of the system is improved.

[0114] In this embodiment, a second rotating shaft 327 is provided at the connection position between the second rotating plate 325 and the output end of the second driving element 3231. The output end of the second driving element is rotatably connected to the second rotating plate through the second rotating shaft 327. The second rotating shaft 327 and the nozzle hole 322 are respectively located on both sides of the rotation center of the second rotating plate, balancing the force on the first rotating plate during rotation. With such a structural design, deformation or damage of the first rotating plate caused by uneven force can be reduced, and the service life of the equipment is extended. The distance between the second rotating shaft and the rotation center of the second rotating plate is less than the distance between the nozzle hole and the rotation center of the second rotating plate. On the one hand, since the second rotating shaft is relatively close to the rotation center of the second rotating plate, and the torque generated by the nozzle (or other components connected to the nozzle hole) during operation is relatively small, this helps to reduce the driving torque required by the first driving element, making the drive system more efficient, reducing energy consumption and equipment wear; on the other hand, the nozzle hole is far from the rotation center, which means that the nozzle can cover a larger working range at the same rotation angle. With such a structural design, the rotation flexibility of the second rotating plate is improved, enabling the equipment to adapt to more diverse working scenarios and requirements.

[0115] As Figure 1 and Figure 7 shown, the grouting and anchoring device 2 further includes a propulsion oil cylinder 22 installed on the second rotating plate 325. The output end of the propulsion oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the anchoring agent nozzle 21;

[0116] The station switching device 1 is in the bolt installation state, and the station switching device 2 is in the second state. The propulsion oil cylinder is used to push the nozzle of the anchoring agent nozzle 21 into the preset hole in the surrounding rock to inject the anchoring agent.

[0117] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the supply device 5 includes a first manipulator 51 and a second manipulator 52 installed in sequence along the extension direction of the propulsion beam 1. The station switching device 1 is in the bolt installation state, and the station switching device 2 is in the third state. The supply device 5 supplies bolts to the power head 312 through the first manipulator 51 and the second manipulator 52.

[0118] As Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, the propulsion beam 1 is provided with a slewing mechanism 11. The propulsion beam rotates around an axis perpendicular to its extension direction with the TMB tunnel boring machine 7 or the shield machine through the slewing mechanism 11. The maximum rotation angle of the slewing mechanism is 160°.

[0119] Embodiment 2

[0120] This embodiment provides a construction method using the one - time hole - alignment drilling, grouting and anchoring machine described above, which at least includes the following steps:

[0121] Step S1: Based on the surveyed surrounding rock type and tunnel support plan, preset holes for the surrounding rock are arranged along the circumferential direction of the tunnel.

[0122] Step S2: Based on the positions of the preset holes for the surrounding rock, adjust the construction direction of the propulsion beam to complete hole alignment.

[0123] In this embodiment, through the slewing mechanism 11 provided on the propulsion beam 1, the propulsion beam is driven to drive the entire drilling, grouting and anchoring machine to rotate relative to the TMB tunnel boring machine 7 or the shield machine until the rotation central axis of the drill rod of the rock drill is coaxial with the preset hole for the surrounding rock.

[0124] Step S3: Based on the construction direction of the propulsion beam, through the first driving mechanism, adjust the first working position switching device to be in the drilling state, and correspondingly, through the second driving mechanism, adjust the second working position switching device to be in the first state. The propulsion device pushes the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the drill rod of the rock drill abuts against the preset hole for the surrounding rock to perform drilling.

[0125] Step S4: After the drilling is completed, the propulsion device pushes the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam to reset the rock drill.

[0126] Step S5: Through the first driving mechanism, adjust the first working position switching device to be in the anchor rod installation state, and correspondingly, through the second driving mechanism, adjust the second working position switching device to be in the second state. The grouting and anchoring device injects the anchoring agent into the drilled hole of the preset hole for the surrounding rock through the anchoring agent spray pipe.

[0127] Step S6: After the injection of the anchoring agent is completed, with the first working position switching device in the anchor rod installation state, through the second driving mechanism, adjust the second working position switching device to be in the third state. The supply device is used to supply the anchor rod to the power head. The propulsion device pushes the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the power head is docked with the anchor rod, and drives the anchor rod to extend into the drilled hole of the preset hole for the surrounding rock to install the anchor rod.

[0128] Step S7: Drive the anchor rod to rotate forward and backward by the power head to stir the anchoring agent in the drilled hole of the preset hole for the surrounding rock. Wait for the anchoring agent to solidify to generate the anchoring force, and tighten the anchor rod nut to complete the installation of the anchor rod.

[0129] Step S8: After the installation of the anchor rod is completed, the propulsion device pushes the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam to reset the power head.

[0130] In summary, the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. One-time hole-drilling, injection-injection and anchoring machine, characterized in that: At least: Propulsion beam (1); An anchor injection device (2), the anchor injection device at least comprising an anchoring agent nozzle (21); A workstation switching device (3), the workstation switching device at least comprising a workstation switching device 1 (31) and a workstation switching device 2 (32) installed at both ends of the propulsion beam (1), the workstation switching device 1 at least comprising a rock drill (311), a power head (312) and a first driving mechanism (313), the workstation switching device 1 having a drilling state in which the rotation center axis of the rock drill drill rod is coaxial with a preset hole in the surrounding rock and the output end of the power head is misaligned with the preset hole in the surrounding rock, and an anchor bolt installation state in which the rock drill drill rod is misaligned with the drilling of the preset hole in the surrounding rock and the rotation center axis of the output end of the power head is coaxial with the drilling of the preset hole in the surrounding rock, the first driving mechanism being used to drive the workstation switching device 1 to switch between the drilling state and the anchor bolt installation state; The second workstation switching device (32) at least comprises a drill rod hole (321) corresponding to the output end of the drill rod of the rock drill (311), a nozzle hole (322) corresponding to the output end of the anchor nozzle (21), and a second driving mechanism (323). The second workstation switching device has a first state in which the drill rod hole is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock and the nozzle hole is misaligned with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, a second state in which the drill rod hole is misaligned with the preset hole of the surrounding rock and the nozzle hole is coaxial with the preset hole of the surrounding rock, and a third state in which the drill rod hole is misaligned with the preset hole of the surrounding rock and the nozzle hole is misaligned with the preset hole of the surrounding rock. The second driving mechanism is used to drive the second workstation switching device to switch between the first state, the second state and the third state. The workstation switching device 1 is in the drilling state, and the workstation switching device 2 is in the first state; the workstation switching device 1 is in the anchor rod installation state, and the workstation switching device 2 can freely switch between the second state and the third state; and a propulsion device (4) and a supply device (5) arranged corresponding to the workstation switching device (3); The first workstation switching device is in the drilling state, and the second workstation switching device is in the first state, and the propulsion device is used to push the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the drill rod of the rock drill is pressed against the preset hole of the surrounding rock to perform drilling; And the work station switching device 1 is located in the anchor rod installation state, and the work station switching device 2 is located in the third installation state, the supply device is used to supply anchor rods to the power head, and the propulsion device is used to push the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam, driving the anchor rod to extend into the preset hole in the surrounding rock to drill the anchor rod for anchor rod installation.

2. The one-time hole-drilling, grouting and anchoring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The propulsion device (4) comprises at least a first mounting plate (41) slidably connected to the propulsion beam (1), a second mounting plate (42) and a third mounting plate (43) located on both sides of the first mounting plate and fixedly connected to the propulsion beam (1), and a third driving mechanism (44) for driving the first mounting plate to slide along an extension direction of the propulsion beam; The workstation switching device (31) further comprises a fourth mounting plate (314) and a fifth mounting plate (315) which are slidably connected to the first mounting plate, the second mounting plate and the third mounting plate along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the propulsion beam (1); the rock drill (311) is fixedly connected to the fourth mounting plate, and the power head (312) is fixedly connected to the fifth mounting plate; The first station switching device is in the drilling state, the fourth mounting plate is aligned with the first mounting plate, and the fifth mounting plate is aligned with the second mounting plate; The first workstation switching device is located in the anchor rod installation state, the fourth mounting plate is aligned with the third mounting plate, and the fifth mounting plate is aligned with the first mounting plate.

3. The one-time hole-drilling, grouting and anchoring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a locking device (6), the locking device including a fourth driving element (61) installed below the first mounting plate (41), and a locking block (62) fixedly connected to the output end of the fourth driving element; The first mounting plate (41) is provided with a first positioning hole (411) adapted to the locking block, the fourth mounting plate (314) is provided with a second positioning hole (3141) adapted to the first positioning hole, and the fifth mounting plate (315) is provided with a third positioning hole (3151) adapted to the first positioning hole; The work-station switching device 1 is in the drilling state, and the work-station switching device 2 is in the first state, the fourth driving element (61) drives the locking block to extend from the first positioning hole into the second positioning hole (3141), thereby locking the fourth mounting plate (314) with the first mounting plate, and the work-station switching device 1 switches from the drilling state to the anchor rod installation state, and the fourth driving element (61) drives the locking block to retract from the second positioning hole into the first positioning hole, thereby unlocking the fourth mounting plate from the first mounting plate; The work station switching device 1 is located in the anchor rod installation state, and the work station switching device 2 is located in the third installation state. The fourth driving element (61) drives the locking block to extend from the first positioning hole into the third positioning hole (3151), thereby locking the fifth mounting plate (315) with the first mounting plate. The work station switching device 1 switches from the anchor rod installation state to the drilling state, and the fourth driving element (61) drives the locking block to retract from the third positioning hole to the first positioning hole, thereby unlocking the fifth mounting plate from the first mounting plate.

4. The one-time hole-aligning drilling, grouting and anchoring machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The first driving mechanism (313) comprises a first slide groove (3131) fixedly connected to the propulsion beam (1), a sliding plate (3132) slidably connected to the first slide groove along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the propulsion beam, and a first driving element (3133) located in the first slide groove and connected to the sliding plate at an output end, the sliding plate being provided with a first guide column (3134) and a second guide column (3135) extending toward the second station switching device (32) and being arranged in parallel, the fourth mounting plate (314) being provided with a first guide sleeve (3142) adapted to the first guide column, and the fifth mounting plate (315) being provided with a second guide sleeve (3152) adapted to the second guide column.

5. The one-time hole-aligning drilling, grouting and anchoring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first guide column (3134) and / or the second guide column (3135) are both provided with a guide surface (31341) which is arranged to be contracted from the workstation switching device 1 (31) toward the workstation switching device 2 (32).

6. The one-time hole-aligning drilling, grouting and anchoring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 5, characterized in that: The second workstation switching device (32) further comprises a second rotating plate (325) rotatably connected to the propulsion beam (1) around an extension direction of the propulsion beam, and a first rotating plate (324) rotatably connected to the second rotating plate, the drill rod hole (321) being located on the free end of the first rotating plate, and the nozzle hole (322) being located on the free end of the second rotating plate; The second driving mechanism (323) comprises a second driving element (3231) mounted on the propulsion beam (1) and having an output end fixedly connected to the second rotating plate (325), and a fifth driving element (3232) mounted on the second rotating plate (325) and having an output end fixedly connected to the first rotating plate (324).

7. The one-time hole-drilling, grouting and anchoring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anchor injection device (2) further comprises a propulsion cylinder (22) mounted on the second rotating plate (325), wherein the output end of the propulsion cylinder is fixedly connected to the anchoring agent nozzle (21); The workstation switching device 1 (31) is in the anchor rod installation state, and the workstation switching device 2 (32) is in the second state. The thrust cylinder is used to push the nozzle of the anchor nozzle (21) into the preset hole in the surrounding rock to inject the anchor.

8. The one-time hole-aligning drilling, grouting and anchoring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 or 7, characterized in that: The supply device (5) comprises a first manipulator (51) and a second manipulator (52) which are sequentially installed along the extension direction of the propulsion beam (1); The first workstation switching device is in the anchor rod installation state, and the second workstation switching device is in the third state. The supply device (5) supplies the anchor rod to the power head (312) through the first manipulator (51) and the second manipulator (52).

9. The one-time hole-aligning drilling, grouting and anchoring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The propulsion beam (1) is provided with a slewing mechanism (11), and the propulsion beam rotates with a TMB tunnel boring machine or a shield machine around a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the propulsion beam through the slewing mechanism (11), and the maximum rotation angle of the slewing mechanism is 160°.

10. A construction method using the one-time hole-drilling, grouting and anchoring machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: At least the following steps are included: Step S1, arranging surrounding rock preset holes along the circumferential direction of the tunnel based on the surveyed surrounding rock type and tunnel support scheme; Step S2, adjusting the construction direction of the propulsion beam based on the preset hole position of the surrounding rock to complete the hole alignment; Step S3, based on the construction direction of the propulsion beam, the first driving mechanism is used to adjust the first station switching device to be in the drilling state, and the second driving mechanism is used to adjust the second station switching device to be in the first state, and the propulsion device pushes the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the drill rod of the rock drill is pressed against the preset hole of the surrounding rock to perform drilling; Step S4, after the drilling is completed, the propulsion device pushes the rock drill to move relative to the propulsion beam to reset the rock drill; Step S5, adjusting the first working position switching device to be in the anchor rod installation state through the first driving mechanism, and correspondingly adjusting the second working position switching device to be in the second state through the second driving mechanism, and the anchor injection device injecting anchoring agent into the preset hole of the surrounding rock through the anchoring agent nozzle; Step S6, after the injection of the anchoring agent is completed, the first station switching device is located in the anchor rod installation state, the second station switching device is adjusted to be in the third state through the second driving mechanism, the supply device is used to supply the anchor rod to the power head, and the propulsion device pushes the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam, so that the output end of the power head is docked with the anchor rod, and drives the anchor rod to extend into the preset hole of the surrounding rock to drill the anchor rod for installation; Step S7, driving the anchor rod to rotate forward and reversely by the power head to stir the anchoring agent in the preset hole of the surrounding rock, wait for the anchoring agent to solidify to generate anchoring force, and tighten the anchor rod nut to complete the installation of the anchor rod; Step S8, after the anchor rod installation is completed, the propulsion device pushes the power head to move relative to the propulsion beam to reset the power head.

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