Dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system special for elevator shaft of hydropower station and operation method

Abstract

The invention provides a dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system special for a hydropower station elevator shaft and an operation method. The dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system comprises three heat pump sub-cycles and a one-way air supply system. According to the system, high-humidity air in a hydropower station plant is treated into ultralow-humidity air with the temperature slightly lower than that of air in a vertical shaft, then the ultralow-humidity air is continuously fed into the vertical shaft from the bottom in a positive pressure state, flows upwards along the vertical shaft and is finally discharged from the top of the vertical shaft, and the relative humidity of the air in the internal area of the vertical shaft is continuously controlled; and long-term safe and stable operation of an elevator circuit and an electrical control operation system in the vertical shaft is ensured. Hydrogel and the heat exchangers are coupled, the heat and mass transfer performance of the hydrogel in the adsorption and desorption processes is enhanced, the heat and humidity transfer efficiency of air and dehumidification equipment is improved, the adsorption dehumidification and desorption regeneration of the two sets of special adsorption type heat exchangers containing the hydrogel adopt a synchronous operation mode, and the adsorption dehumidification and desorption regeneration efficiency of the two sets of special adsorption type heat exchangers containing the hydrogel is improved. And continuous dehumidification operation is realized through system mode switching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of elevator shaft air treatment systems, and particularly to a special dehumidifying, ventilating and moisture-proof system and operation method for a hydropower station elevator shaft. Background Art

[0002] An ultra-high humidity environment usually forms inside the elevator shaft of a hydropower station. Especially in areas close to water bodies, moisture is likely to seep into the shaft, leading to problems such as corrosion of the structural metal components of the elevator system, short circuits of elevator electrical equipment, and a decrease in the insulation ability of related power and control system equipment. In the prior art, conventional dehumidification equipment has defects such as high energy consumption, poor adaptability, and inability to work in coordination with the shaft structure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a stable dehumidifying, ventilating and moisture-proof system that is efficient, energy-saving and deeply integrated with the shaft structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a special dehumidifying, ventilating and moisture-proof system and operation method for a hydropower station elevator shaft, which can effectively solve the problems of humidity and poor ventilation in the elevator shaft of a hydropower station, and ensure the safe operation of the elevator and the safety of personnel.

[0004] To achieve the above technical features, the object of the present invention is achieved as follows: A special dehumidifying, ventilating and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft includes a pre-air filter. After the pre-air filter, a first circulation fan and a second circulation fan are connected in parallel. The first circulation fan is sequentially connected to a first pre-heat exchanger, a first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger, an evaporator and a condenser; The second circulation fan is sequentially connected to a second pre-heat exchanger, a second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger, an evaporator and a condenser; The first pre-heat exchanger is connected to the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger through a first four-way reversing valve and a first compressor; The second pre-heat exchanger is connected to the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger through a second four-way reversing valve and a second compressor; A third compressor and a third expansion valve are connected in parallel between the evaporator and the condenser.

[0005] The first pre-heat exchanger, the second pre-heat exchanger, the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger, the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger, the evaporator and the condenser each include two channels, namely: an internal heat pump working medium flow channel and an external air treatment flow channel.

[0006] The first pre-heat exchanger is connected to the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger through a second expansion valve; The second pre-heat exchanger is connected to the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger through a first expansion valve; A second air valve is provided between the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger and the evaporator; A third air valve is provided between the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger and the evaporator; A first air valve and a fourth air valve are connected in series on the pipeline between the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger and the second air valve, and the other end of the fourth air valve is connected between the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger and the third air valve.

[0007] The system constitutes three heat pump sub-cycles and a one-way air supply system; Heat pump sub-cycle Ⅰ: One end of the first pre-heat exchanger is connected to one end of the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger after passing through the second expansion valve, the other end of the first pre-heat exchanger is connected to the second port of the first four-way reversing valve, and the other end of the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger is connected to the third port of the first four-way reversing valve; the fourth port and the first port of the first four-way reversing valve are respectively connected to the suction inlet and the exhaust outlet of the first compressor; Heat pump sub-cycle Ⅱ: One end of the second pre-heat exchanger is connected to one end of the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger after passing through the first expansion valve, the other end of the second pre-heat exchanger is connected to the sixth port of the second four-way reversing valve, and the other end of the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger is connected to the seventh port of the second four-way reversing valve; the fifth port and the eighth port of the second four-way reversing valve are respectively connected to the suction inlet and the exhaust outlet of the second compressor; Heat pump sub-cycle Ⅲ: One end of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the evaporator through the third expansion valve, the other end is connected to the exhaust outlet of the third compressor, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the suction inlet of the third compressor.

[0008] The one-way air supply system includes air passage A and air passage B: Air passage A includes: The outlet of the first circulation fan is connected in series with the external air treatment flow passage of the first pre-heat exchanger and the inlet of the external air treatment flow passage of the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger; the outlet of the external air treatment flow passage of the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger is respectively connected to the inlets of the first air valve and the second air valve; Air passage B includes: The outlet of the second circulation fan is connected in series with the external air treatment flow passage of the second pre-heat exchanger and the inlet of the external air treatment flow passage of the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger; the outlet of the external air treatment flow passage of the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger is respectively connected to the inlets of the third air valve and the fourth air valve.

[0009] The first air valve and the fourth air valve are in parallel and their outlets are combined and then respectively lead into the shaft inside the Nth underground floor and the working space where the system is located; the second air valve and the third air valve are in parallel and their outlets are combined and then are connected in series with the inlets of the external air treatment flow channels of the evaporator and the condenser; the outlet of the external air treatment flow channel of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the pre-air filter, and at the same time, the inlet of the pre-air filter is also connected to the air in the working space where the system is located; the outlet of the pre-air filter is respectively connected to the inlets of the first circulation fan and the second circulation fan.

[0010] The second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger and the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger are formed by coating a hydrogel mixed with a heat-conducting glue on the outer surfaces of the metal pipelines and fins of the heat exchanger. The hydrogel consists of a matrix for storing liquid water and attaching hygroscopic salts and lithium chloride for adsorbing water vapor in the air. The matrix is polyacrylamide polymerized from acrylamide.

[0011] On the other hand, the present invention provides an operation method for a special dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, including two operation modes: Mode 1: Dehumidification of air passage A + regeneration of air passage B; Mode 2: Dehumidification of air passage B + regeneration of air passage A.

[0012] The specific operation process of the above Mode 1 is as follows: In this mode, the first air valve and the third air valve are opened, the second air valve and the fourth air valve are closed, the first port and the third port of the first four-way reversing valve are internally connected and the second port and the fourth port are internally connected, and the eighth port and the sixth port of the second four-way reversing valve are internally connected and the seventh port and the fifth port are internally connected; in this mode, the first pre-heat exchanger and the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger in air passage A are evaporators, and the second pre-heat exchanger and the second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger in air passage B are condensers; The low-humidity air leaving the external air treatment flow channel of the condenser and the air in the working space where the system is located enter the pre-air filter under the combined action of the first circulation fan and the second circulation fan to filter out gaseous organic pollutants and particulate pollutants, and then are divided into two paths and respectively pass through the first circulation fan and the second circulation fan; The air passing through the first circulation fan is sent into the first pre - replacement heat exchanger serving as an evaporator for precooling, preliminary condensation, temperature reduction, and dehumidification. The absolute moisture content decreases and it becomes low - temperature saturated moist air. Then, the low - temperature saturated moist air enters the first adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger also serving as an evaporator, where it is regenerated and adsorbed and dehumidified by the low - temperature hydrogel with super - strong adsorption dehumidification ability to become low - temperature moist air with extremely low relative humidity. Then, it is sent into the shaft inside the Nth underground floor and the working space where the system is located through the first air valve. The low - temperature moist air with extremely low relative humidity sent into the shaft inside the Nth underground floor under positive pressure flows upward along the shaft, which can continuously and intensively dry and dehumidify the circulation space, so that the air inside the shaft is always maintained within a relatively low relative humidity range, achieving continuous dehumidification, moisture prevention, and mildew prevention. The air passing through the second circulation fan is sent into the second pre - replacement heat exchanger serving as a condenser to preheat and reduce the relative humidity of the moist air, improving the water - absorption and drying ability of the moist air. Then, it enters the second adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger also serving as a condenser, where it further absorbs heat and increases in temperature to become hot air with extremely low relative humidity and super - strong water - absorption and drying ability. At the same time, the efficient regeneration of the hydrogel in the second adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger is completed. After the hydrogel is dehydrated and regenerated, the moist air with high relative humidity enters the external air - treatment flow channel of the evaporator in the heat - pump sub - cycle Ⅲ through the third air valve for cooling, condensation, and dehumidification to become low - temperature saturated moist air. At the same time, the condensed water is discharged from the system. The low - temperature saturated moist air continues to absorb heat and increase in temperature through the external air - treatment flow channel of the condenser, with the temperature rising and the relative humidity decreasing to become moist air with similar temperature and humidity to the air in the working space where the system is located. Finally, this moist air leaves from the external air - treatment flow channel of the condenser and mixes with the newly entered air in the working space where the system is located to enter the next air - treatment cycle.

[0013] The specific operation process of the second mode is as follows: In this mode, the second air valve and the fourth air valve are opened, and the first air valve and the third air valve are closed. The first port and the second port inside the first four - way reversing valve are internally connected, and the third port and the fourth port are internally connected. The fifth port and the sixth port inside the second four - way reversing valve are internally connected, and the seventh port and the eighth port are internally connected. In this mode, the first pre - replacement heat exchanger and the first adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger in the air passage A serve as condensers; the second pre - replacement heat exchanger and the second adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger in the air passage B serve as evaporators. The low - humidity air leaving from the external air - treatment flow channel of the condenser and the air in the working space where the system is located enter the pre - air filter under the combined action of the first circulation fan and the second circulation fan for filtering gaseous organic pollutants and particulate pollutants, and then are divided into two paths and pass through the first circulation fan and the second circulation fan respectively. The air passing through the second circulation fan is sent into the second pre - replacement heat exchanger serving as an evaporator for precooling, preliminary condensation, temperature reduction, and dehumidification. The absolute moisture content decreases and it becomes low - temperature saturated moist air. Then, the low - temperature saturated moist air enters the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger which also serves as an evaporator. After being regenerated, it is adsorbed and dehumidified by the low - temperature hydrogel with super - strong adsorption dehumidification ability to become low - temperature moist air with extremely low relative humidity. This air is sent into the vertical shaft inside the Nth underground floor and the working space where the system is located. The low - temperature moist air with extremely low relative humidity sent into the vertical shaft inside the Nth underground floor flows upward along the shaft, which can continuously and highly intensively dry and dehumidify the circulation space. Thus, the air inside the shaft is always maintained within a relatively low relative humidity range, achieving continuous dehumidification, moisture prevention, and mildew prevention. The air passing through the first circulation fan is sent into the first pre - replacement heat exchanger serving as a condenser for preheating to reduce the relative humidity of the moist air and improve the water - absorption and drying ability of the moist air. Then it enters the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger which also serves as a condenser, further absorbing heat and increasing in temperature to become hot air with extremely low relative humidity and super - strong water - absorption and drying ability. At the same time, efficient regeneration of the hydrogel in the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger is completed. After dehydrating and regenerating the hydrogel, the moist air with high relative humidity enters the external air - treatment flow channel of the evaporator in the heat - pump sub - cycle Ⅲ through the third air valve for cooling, condensation, and dehumidification to become low - temperature saturated moist air. At the same time, the condensed water is discharged from the system. The low - temperature saturated moist air continues to absorb heat and increase in temperature through the external air - treatment flow channel of the condenser, with the temperature rising and the relative humidity decreasing to become moist air with similar temperature and humidity to the air in the working space where the system is located. Finally, this moist air leaves from the external air - treatment flow channel of the condenser and mixes with the newly entered air in the working space where the system is located to enter the next air - treatment cycle.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts the method of combining hydrogel with a heat exchanger, which strengthens the heat and mass transfer performance of the hydrogel in the adsorption and desorption processes and improves the heat and moisture transfer efficiency between the air and the material.

[0015] 2. In the present invention, the adsorption dehumidification and desorption regeneration of the hydrogel on the heat exchangers of the two sets of devices alternate and continue continuously, enabling the dehumidification process of the entire system to proceed continuously.

[0016] 3. The present invention combines the two methods of condensation dehumidification and adsorption dehumidification, achieving a deep dehumidification effect while also improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0017] 4. The system of the present invention has a simple structure, reliable operation, and convenient maintenance, and is applicable to elevator shafts of various types of hydropower stations.

[0018] 5. The system of the present invention processes the high-humidity air inside the hydropower station powerhouse into ultra-low-humidity air with a temperature slightly lower than the air temperature in the shaft. Then, the ultra-low-humidity air is continuously sent into the shaft from the bottom in a positive pressure state and flows upward along the shaft, and finally is discharged from the top of the shaft, continuously controlling the relative humidity of the air in the internal area of the shaft to ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of the elevator circuit and the electrical control operation system in the shaft.

[0019] 6. The present invention couples the hydrogel with the heat exchanger, strengthening the heat and mass transfer performance of the hydrogel during the adsorption and desorption processes, improving the heat and moisture transfer efficiency between the air and the dehumidification equipment. Secondly, the two sets of dedicated hydrogel adsorption heat exchangers are arranged, and their adsorption dehumidification and desorption regeneration adopt a synchronous operation mode, realizing continuous dehumidification operation through system mode switching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a special dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for an elevator shaft in a hydropower station according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure principle of a special dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for an elevator shaft in a hydropower station according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the circulating air passage of a special dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for an elevator shaft in a hydropower station according to the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: pre-air filter 1, first circulation fan 2, second circulation fan 3, first pre-heat exchanger 4, second adsorption-type hydrogel heat exchanger 5, first four-way reversing valve 6, first compressor 7, second pre-heat exchanger 8, first adsorption-type hydrogel heat exchanger 9, second four-way reversing valve 10, second compressor 11, evaporator 12, condenser 13, third compressor 14; First expansion valve V5, second expansion valve V6, third expansion valve V7; First air valve V1, second air valve V2, third air valve V3, fourth air valve V4; First port a, second port b, third port c, fourth port d, fifth port e, sixth port f, seventh port g, eighth port h; Inside the shaft of the Nth basement floor X, working space Y where the system is located. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0026] Embodiment 1: See Figures 1-3, A special dehumidifying, ventilating and moisture-proof system for the elevator shaft of a hydropower station, which includes a pre-air filter 1. After the pre-air filter 1, a first circulation fan 2 and a second circulation fan 3 are connected in parallel. The first circulation fan 2 is sequentially connected to a first pre-heat exchanger 4, a first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 9, an evaporator 12 and a condenser 13; the second circulation fan 3 is sequentially connected to a second pre-heat exchanger 8, a second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 5, an evaporator 12 and a condenser 13; the first pre-heat exchanger 4 is connected to the second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 5 through a first four-way reversing valve 6 and a first compressor 7; the second pre-heat exchanger 8 is connected to the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 9 through a second four-way reversing valve 10 and a second compressor 11; a third compressor 14 and a third expansion valve V7 are connected in parallel between the evaporator 12 and the condenser 13. Through the above system, the high-humidity air inside the hydropower station workshop is processed into ultra-low-humidity air with a temperature slightly lower than the air temperature in the shaft. Then, the ultra-low-humidity air is continuously sent into the shaft from the bottom in a positive pressure state and flows upward along the shaft, and finally discharged from the top of the shaft, continuously controlling the relative humidity of the air in the internal area of the shaft to ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of the elevator circuit and the electrical control operation system in the shaft.

[0027] Further, the first pre-heat exchanger 4, the second pre-heat exchanger 8, the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 9, the second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 5, the evaporator 12 and the condenser 13 each include two channels, namely: an internal heat pump working medium flow channel and an external air treatment flow channel.

[0028] Further, the first pre-heat exchanger 4 is connected to the second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 5 through a second expansion valve V6; the second pre-heat exchanger 8 is connected to the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 9 through a first expansion valve V5; a second air valve V2 is provided between the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 9 and the evaporator 12; a third air valve V3 is provided between the second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 5 and the evaporator 12; a first air valve V1 and a fourth air valve V4 are connected in series on the pipeline between the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 9 and the second air valve V2, and the other end of the fourth air valve V4 is connected between the second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 5 and the third air valve V3.

[0029] Further, the system constitutes three heat pump sub-cycles and a one-way air supply system; Heat pump sub-cycle Ⅰ: One end of the first pre-heat exchanger 4 is connected to one end of the second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 5 through a second expansion valve V6, the other end of the first pre-heat exchanger 4 is connected to the second port b of the first four-way reversing valve 6, and the other end of the second adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 5 is connected to the third port c of the first four-way reversing valve 6; the fourth port d and the first port a of the first four-way reversing valve 6 are respectively connected to the suction inlet and the exhaust outlet of the first compressor 7; Heat pump sub-cycle II: One end of the second pre-heat exchanger 8 is connected to one end of the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 9 after passing through the first expansion valve V5, the other end of the second pre-heat exchanger 8 is connected to the sixth port f of the second four-way reversing valve 10, and the other end of the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 9 is connected to the seventh port g of the second four-way reversing valve 10; The fifth port e and the eighth port h of the second four-way reversing valve 10 are respectively connected to the suction inlet and the discharge outlet of the second compressor 11; Heat pump sub-cycle III: One end of the condenser 13 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 12 through the third expansion valve V7, the other end is connected to the discharge outlet of the third compressor 14, and the outlet of the evaporator 12 is connected to the suction inlet of the third compressor 14.

[0030] Further, the single-direction air supply system includes an air channel A and an air channel B: The air channel A includes: The outlet of the first circulation fan 2 is connected in series with the external air treatment flow channel of the first pre-heat exchanger 4 and the inlet of the external air treatment flow channel of the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 9; The outlet of the external air treatment flow channel of the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 9 is respectively connected to the inlets of the first air valve V1 and the second air valve V2; The air channel B includes: The outlet of the second circulation fan 3 is connected in series with the external air treatment flow channel of the second pre-heat exchanger 8 and the inlet of the external air treatment flow channel of the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 5; The outlet of the external air treatment flow channel of the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 5 is respectively connected to the inlets of the third air valve V3 and the fourth air valve V4.

[0031] The first air valve V1 and the fourth air valve V4 are in parallel and their outlets are merged and then respectively lead into the inside X of the vertical shaft of the Nth underground floor and the working space Y where the system is located; The second air valve V2 and the third air valve V3 are in parallel and their outlets are merged and then connected in series with the inlets of the external air treatment flow channel of the evaporator 12 and the external air treatment flow channel of the condenser 13; The outlet of the external air treatment flow channel of the condenser 13 is connected to the inlet of the pre-filter 1, and at the same time, the inlet of the pre-filter 1 is also connected to the air in the working space Y where the system is located; The outlet of the pre-filter 1 is respectively connected to the inlets of the first circulation fan 2 and the second circulation fan 3.

[0032] The second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 5 and the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 9 are formed by coating the outer surface of the heat exchanger metal pipeline and fins with a hydrogel mixed with thermal conductive glue. The hydrogel consists of a matrix for storing liquid water and attaching hygroscopic salts and lithium chloride for adsorbing water vapor in the air. The matrix is polyacrylamide polymerized from acrylamide.

[0033] The present invention couples a hydrogel with a heat exchanger, enhancing the heat and mass transfer performance of the hydrogel during the adsorption and desorption processes, improving the heat and moisture transfer efficiency between air and the dehumidification equipment. Secondly, two sets of dedicated hydrogel adsorption heat exchangers are provided, and their adsorption dehumidification and desorption regeneration operate synchronously, achieving continuous dehumidification operation through system mode switching. Finally, the present invention combines the condensation dehumidification and adsorption dehumidification methods, completing the deep dehumidification effect while also improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0034] Embodiment 2: On the other hand, the present invention provides an operation method for a dedicated dehumidification, ventilation, and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, including two operation modes: Mode 1: Dehumidification of air passage A + regeneration of air passage B; Mode 2: Dehumidification of air passage B + regeneration of air passage A.

[0035] The specific operation process of the above Mode 1 is as follows: In this mode, the first air valve V1 and the third air valve V3 are opened, the second air valve V2 and the fourth air valve V4 are closed. The first port a and the third port c of the first four-way reversing valve 6 are internally connected, and the second port b and the fourth port d are internally connected. The eighth port h and the sixth port f of the second four-way reversing valve 10 are internally connected, and the seventh port g and the fifth port e are internally connected. In this mode, the first pre-heat exchanger 4 and the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 9 in the air passage A act as evaporators, and the second pre-heat exchanger 8 and the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 5 in the air passage B act as condensers. The low-humidity air leaving the external air treatment flow passage of the condenser 13 enters the pre-air filter 1 together with the air in the working space Y where the system is located under the combined action of the first circulation fan 2 and the second circulation fan 3 for filtering of gaseous organic pollutants and particulate pollutants, and then is divided into two paths and passes through the first circulation fan 2 and the second circulation fan 3 respectively. The air passing through the first circulation fan 2 is sent into the first pre-heat exchanger 4 acting as an evaporator for pre-cooling and preliminary condensation to reduce the temperature and dehumidify, with the absolute moisture content decreasing and becoming low-temperature saturated humid air. Then, the low-temperature saturated humid air enters the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger 9 acting as an evaporator, and is adsorbed and dehumidified by the low-temperature hydrogel with super-strong adsorption dehumidification ability after regeneration, becoming extremely low relative humidity low-temperature humid air. Then, it is sent into the underground N-layer shaft interior X and the working space Y where the system is located through the first air valve V1. The low-temperature humid air with extremely low relative humidity sent into the underground N-layer shaft interior X flows upward along the shaft, and can continuously and intensively dry and dehumidify the circulation space, so that the air inside the shaft is always maintained within a relatively low relative humidity range, achieving continuous dehumidification, moisture-proofing, and mildew-proofing. The air passing through the second circulation fan 3 is sent to the second pre - replacement heat exchanger 8 serving as a condenser for pre - heating to reduce the relative humidity of the wet air, enhance the water - absorption and drying capacity of the wet air, and then enters the second adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger 5 also serving as a condenser to further absorb heat and increase the temperature to become hot air with an ultra - low relative humidity and a super - strong water - absorption and drying capacity. At the same time, efficient regeneration of the hydrogel in the second adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger 5 is completed. The high - relative - humidity wet air after dehydrating and regenerating the hydrogel enters the external air - treatment flow channel of the evaporator 12 in the heat - pump sub - cycle Ⅲ through the third air valve V3 for cooling, condensing, and dehumidifying to become low - temperature saturated wet air. Meanwhile, the condensed water is discharged from the system. The low - temperature saturated wet air continues to absorb heat and increase the temperature through the external air - treatment flow channel of the condenser 13, and the temperature rises while the relative humidity decreases to become wet air with similar temperature and humidity to the air in the working space Y where the system is located. Finally, this wet air leaves from the external air - treatment flow channel of the condenser 13 and mixes with the newly - entered air in the working space Y where the system is located to enter the next air - treatment cycle.

[0036] The specific operation process of the second mode is as follows: In this mode, the second air valve V2 and the fourth air valve V4 are opened, and the first air valve V1 and the third air valve V3 are closed. The first port a and the second port b of the first four - way reversing valve 6 are internally connected, and the third port c and the fourth port d are internally connected. The fifth port e and the sixth port f of the second four - way reversing valve 10 are internally connected, and the seventh port g and the eighth port h are internally connected. In this mode, the first pre - replacement heat exchanger 4 and the first adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger 9 in the air passage A serve as condensers; the second pre - replacement heat exchanger 8 and the second adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger 5 in the air passage B serve as evaporators. The low - humidity air leaving from the external air - treatment flow channel of the condenser 13 and the air in the working space Y where the system is located enter the pre - air filter 1 under the combined action of the first circulation fan 2 and the second circulation fan 3 for filtering gas organic pollutants and particulate pollutants, and then are divided into two paths and pass through the first circulation fan 2 and the second circulation fan 3 respectively. The air passing through the second circulation fan 3 is sent to the second pre - replacement heat exchanger 8 serving as an evaporator for pre - cooling, preliminary condensation, temperature reduction, and dehumidification. The absolute moisture content decreases and it becomes low - temperature saturated wet air. Then the low - temperature saturated wet air enters the first adsorption - type hydrogel heat exchanger 9 also serving as an evaporator, and is adsorbed and dehumidified by the low - temperature hydrogel with super - strong adsorption and dehumidification ability after regeneration to become low - temperature wet air with an extremely low relative humidity, and is sent into the shaft X inside the Nth basement floor and the working space Y where the system is located. The low - temperature wet air with an extremely low relative humidity sent into the shaft X inside the Nth basement floor flows upward along the shaft, and can continuously and highly intensively dry and dehumidify the circulation space, so that the air inside the shaft always maintains a relatively low relative - humidity range, realizing continuous dehumidification, moisture - proofing, and mildew - proofing. The air passing through the first circulation fan 2 is sent to the first pre-heat exchanger 4 serving as a condenser for pre-heating to reduce the relative humidity of the wet air, improve the water absorption and drying capacity of the wet air, and then enters the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 9 also serving as a condenser to further absorb heat and increase the temperature to become hot air with an ultra-low relative humidity and a super strong water absorption and drying capacity, while efficiently regenerating the hydrogel in the first adsorptive hydrogel heat exchanger 9; the high relative humidity wet air after dehydrating and regenerating the hydrogel enters the external air treatment flow channel of the evaporator 12 in the heat pump sub-cycle III through the third air valve V3 for cooling, condensing and dehumidifying to become low-temperature saturated wet air, and at the same time the condensed water is discharged from the system. The low-temperature saturated wet air continues to absorb heat and increase the temperature through the external air treatment flow channel of the condenser 13, and the temperature increases and the relative humidity decreases to become wet air with a temperature and humidity similar to those of the air in the working space Y where the system is located. Finally, the wet air leaves from the external air treatment flow channel of the condenser 13 and is mixed with the newly entered air in the working space Y where the system is located to enter the next air treatment cycle.

Claims

1. A dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pre-air filter (1), a first circulation fan (2) and a second circulation fan (3) are connected in parallel after the pre-air filter (1), and the first circulation fan (2) is connected in sequence to a first pre-heat exchanger (4), a first adsorption-type hydrogel heat exchanger (9), an evaporator (12) and a condenser (13); The second circulation fan (3) is connected in sequence to the second front-end heat exchanger (8), the second adsorption-type hydrogel heat exchanger (5), the evaporator (12) and the condenser (13); The first preheat exchanger (4) is connected to the second adsorption-type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) via a first four-way reversing valve (6) and a first compressor (7); The second preheat exchanger (8) is connected to the first adsorption-type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) via a second four-way reversing valve (10) and a second compressor (11); A third compressor (14) and a third expansion valve (V7) are connected in parallel between the evaporator (12) and the condenser (13).

2. According to claim 1, a dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, characterized in that: The first front heat exchanger (4), the second front heat exchanger (8), the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger (9), the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger (5), the evaporator (12) and the condenser (13) each comprise two channels, namely: an internal heat pump working medium flow channel and an external air treatment flow channel.

3. According to claim 2, a dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, characterized in that: The first preheat exchanger (4) is connected to the second adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger (5) via a second expansion valve (V6); The second preheat exchanger (8) is connected to the first adsorption hydrogel heat exchanger (9) via a first expansion valve (V5); A second air valve (V2) is provided between the first adsorption-type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) and the evaporator (12); A third air valve (V3) is provided between the second adsorption-type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) and the evaporator (12); The first air valve (V1) and the fourth air valve (V4) are connected in series on the pipeline between the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) and the second air valve (V2); the other end of the fourth air valve (V4) is connected between the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) and the third air valve (V3).

4. According to claim 3, a dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, characterized in that: The system consists of three heat pump sub-cycles and a one-way air supply system; Heat pump sub-cycle I: one end of the first front heat exchanger (4) is connected to one end of the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) through the second expansion valve (V6), the other end of the first front heat exchanger (4) is connected to the second port (b) of the first four-way reversing valve (6), and the other end of the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) is connected to the third port (c) of the first four-way reversing valve (6); the fourth port (d) and the first port (a) of the first four-way reversing valve (6) are respectively connected to the air intake inlet and the exhaust outlet of the first compressor (7); Heat pump sub-cycle II: one end of the second front heat exchanger (8) is connected to one end of the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) through the first expansion valve (V5), the other end of the second front heat exchanger (8) is connected to the sixth port (f) of the second four-way reversing valve (10), and the other end of the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) is connected to the seventh port (g) of the second four-way reversing valve (10); the fifth port (e) and the eighth port (h) of the second four-way reversing valve (10) are respectively connected to the suction inlet and the exhaust outlet of the second compressor (11); Heat pump sub-cycle III: one end of the condenser (13) is connected to the inlet of the evaporator (12) through the third expansion valve (V7), and the other end is connected to the exhaust outlet of the third compressor (14), and the outlet of the evaporator (12) is connected to the suction inlet of the third compressor (14).

5. According to claim 4, a dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, characterized in that: The one-way air supply system includes air channel A and air channel B: The air passage A comprises: an outlet of the first circulation fan (2) connected in series with an external air processing flow passage of the first front heat exchanger (4) and an inlet of an external air processing flow passage of the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9); the outlet of the external air processing flow passage of the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) is connected with the inlets of the first air valve (V1) and the second air valve (V2) respectively; The air channel B comprises: an outlet of the second circulation fan (3) connected in series with an external air processing flow channel of the second front heat exchanger (8) and an inlet of an external air processing flow channel of the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5); and an outlet of the external air processing flow channel of the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) connected with inlets of the third air valve (V3) and the fourth air valve (V4), respectively.

6. According to claim 5, a dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, characterized in that: The first air valve (V1) and the fourth air valve (V4) are connected in parallel and their outlets are combined to respectively lead to the interior of the N-layer underground shaft (X) and the working space (Y) where the system is located; the second air valve (V2) and the third air valve (V3) are connected in parallel and their outlets are combined to respectively lead to the external air processing flow channel of the evaporator (12) and the inlet of the external air processing flow channel of the condenser (13); the outlet of the external air processing flow channel of the condenser (13) is connected to the inlet of the pre-air filter (1), and the inlet of the pre-air filter (1) is also connected to the air in the working space (Y) where the system is located; the outlet of the pre-air filter (1) is respectively connected to the inlet of the first circulation fan (2) and the inlet of the second circulation fan (3).

7. According to claim 5, a dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft, characterized in that: The second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) and the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) are formed by coating a hydrogel mixed with a heat conductive glue on the outer surface of the metal pipes and fins of the heat exchanger. The hydrogel is composed of a matrix for storing liquid water and attaching hygroscopic salts, and lithium chloride for absorbing water vapor in the air. The matrix is ​​polyacrylamide formed by polymerization of acrylamide.

8. The method for operating the special dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for the elevator shaft of a hydropower station as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that: There are two operating modes: Mode 1: Dehumidification of air channel A + regeneration of air channel B; Mode 2: Dehumidification of air channel B + regeneration of air channel A.

9. The operating method of a special dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific operation process of Mode 1 is as follows: In this mode, the first air valve (V1) and the third air valve (V3) are open, the second air valve (V2) and the fourth air valve (V4) are closed, the first port (a) and the third port (c) of the first four-way reversing valve (6) are internally connected, the second port (b) and the fourth port (d) are internally connected, the eighth port (h) and the sixth port (f) of the second four-way reversing valve (10) are internally connected, and the seventh port (g) and the fifth port (e) are internally connected; in this mode, the first front heat exchanger (4) and the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) in the air channel A are evaporators, and the second front heat exchanger (8) and the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) in the air channel B are condensers; The low-humidity air leaving the external air processing flow channel of the condenser (13) and the air in the working space (Y) where the system is located enters the pre-air filter (1) under the joint action of the first circulation fan (2) and the second circulation fan (3) to filter the gaseous organic pollutants and particulate pollutants, and then is divided into two paths and passes through the first circulation fan (2) and the second circulation fan (3) respectively; The air passing through the first circulation fan (2) is sent to the first front heat exchanger (4) serving as an evaporator for pre-cooling, preliminary condensation, cooling and dehumidification, and the absolute moisture content is reduced and becomes low-temperature saturated humid air. The low-temperature saturated humid air then enters the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) also serving as an evaporator, and is regenerated and adsorbed and dehumidified by the low-temperature hydrogel with super strong adsorption and dehumidification capacity to become low-temperature humid air with extremely low relative humidity. The air is then sent to the interior of the N-layer underground vertical shaft (X) and the work space (Y) where the system is located through the first air valve (V1). The low-temperature humid air with extremely low relative humidity sent to the interior of the N-layer underground vertical shaft (X) under positive pressure flows upward along the vertical shaft, and can continuously and highly dry and dehumidify the circulation space, so that the air inside the vertical shaft is always maintained in a relatively low relative humidity range, achieving continuous dehumidification, moisture prevention and mildew prevention. The air passing through the second circulation fan (3) is sent to the second preheat exchanger (8) as a condenser for preheating to reduce the relative humidity of the wet air and improve the water absorption and drying capacity of the wet air. The air then enters the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) which also serves as a condenser to further absorb heat and increase the temperature to become hot air with ultra-low relative humidity and ultra-strong water absorption and drying capacity. At the same time, the hydrogel in the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) is efficiently regenerated. The high relative humidity wet air after the dehydration and regeneration of the hydrogel enters the evaporator (12) external air treatment flow channel in the heat pump sub-circulation III through the third air valve (V3) to cool, condense and dehumidify to become low-temperature saturated wet air. At the same time, the condensed water is discharged from the system. The low-temperature saturated wet air continues to absorb heat and increase the temperature through the condenser (13) external air treatment flow channel. The temperature increases and the relative humidity decreases to become wet air with a temperature and humidity similar to that of the air in the working space (Y) where the system is located. Finally, the wet air leaves the condenser (13) external air treatment flow channel and mixes with the newly entered air in the working space (Y) where the system is located to enter the next air treatment cycle.

10. The operating method of a special dehumidification, ventilation and moisture-proof system for a hydropower station elevator shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific operation process of the second mode is as follows: In this mode, the second air valve (V2) and the fourth air valve (V4) are open, the first air valve (V1) and the third air valve (V3) are closed, the first port (a) and the second port (b) of the first four-way reversing valve (6) are internally connected, the third port (c) and the fourth port (d) are internally connected, the fifth port (e) and the sixth port (f) of the second four-way reversing valve (10) are internally connected, and the seventh port (g) and the eighth port (h) are internally connected; in this mode, the first front heat exchanger (4) and the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) in the air channel A are condensers; the second front heat exchanger (8) and the second adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (5) in the air channel B are evaporators; The low-humidity air leaving the external air processing flow channel of the condenser (13) and the air in the working space (Y) where the system is located enters the pre-air filter (1) under the joint action of the first circulation fan (2) and the second circulation fan (3) to filter the gaseous organic pollutants and particulate pollutants, and then is divided into two paths and passes through the first circulation fan (2) and the second circulation fan (3) respectively; The air passing through the second circulation fan (3) is sent to the second front heat exchanger (8) serving as an evaporator for pre-cooling, preliminary condensation, cooling and dehumidification, and the absolute moisture content is reduced and becomes low-temperature saturated humid air. The low-temperature saturated humid air then enters the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) also serving as an evaporator, and is regenerated and adsorbed and dehumidified by the low-temperature hydrogel with super strong adsorption and dehumidification capacity to become low-temperature humid air with extremely low relative humidity. The air is sent to the interior of the N-layer underground vertical shaft (X) and the working space (Y) where the system is located. The low-temperature humid air with extremely low relative humidity that is sent to the interior of the N-layer underground vertical shaft (X) under positive pressure flows upward along the vertical shaft, and can continuously and highly dry and dehumidify the circulation space, so that the air inside the vertical shaft is always maintained in a relatively low relative humidity range, achieving continuous dehumidification, moisture prevention and mildew prevention. The air passing through the first circulation fan (2) is sent to the first preheat exchanger (4) as a condenser for preheating to reduce the relative humidity of the wet air and improve the water absorption and drying capacity of the wet air. The air then enters the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9) which also serves as a condenser to further absorb heat and increase the temperature to become hot air with ultra-low relative humidity and ultra-strong water absorption and drying capacity, and at the same time completes the efficient regeneration of the hydrogel in the first adsorption type hydrogel heat exchanger (9); the high relative humidity wet air after the dehydration and regeneration of the hydrogel enters the evaporator (12) external air treatment flow channel in the heat pump sub-circulation III through the third air valve (V3) to cool, condense and dehumidify to become low-temperature saturated wet air, and at the same time the condensed water is discharged from the system, and the low-temperature saturated wet air continues to absorb heat and increase the temperature through the condenser (13) external air treatment flow channel, the temperature increases and the relative humidity decreases to become wet air with a temperature and humidity similar to that of the air in the working space (Y) where the system is located, and finally the wet air leaves the condenser (13) external air treatment flow channel and mixes with the newly entered air in the working space (Y) where the system is located to enter the next air treatment cycle.

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