Crude oil power station smoke pipe laying method suitable for offshore fixed platform

Abstract

The invention relates to a crude oil power station smoke pipe laying method suitable for an offshore fixed platform. The crude oil power station smoke pipe laying method comprises the following steps: 1) collecting basic data; 2) preliminarily planning a smoke tube layout scheme according to the basic data; (3) according to the basic data and the smoke pipe arrangement scheme, simulating the influence range of heat transfer and component distribution of high-temperature smoke through a computational fluid dynamics method, selecting a reasonable turbulence model and a reasonable component transportation model to analyze the smoke diffusion condition, and obtaining an analysis result; 4) according to the analysis result, evaluating the smoke exhaust rationality; (5) if the evaluation result is unreasonable, smoke exhaust is optimized; and 6) repeating the step 3) for analysis and the step 4) for evaluation on the optimized smoke exhaust design until the smoke exhaust design is reasonable. According to the method, adverse effects of smoke on platform field personnel and facilities can be reduced to the greatest extent, and reference is provided for arrangement and design of crude oil power station smoke pipes of offshore fixed platforms in the future.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of offshore oil engineering, and particularly to a method for arranging the smoke pipes of a crude oil power station applicable to an offshore fixed platform. Background Art

[0002] The main power station driven by a crude oil engine is currently a main form of the main power station in the development of offshore oil fields at home and abroad, and has the characteristics of high economic efficiency, good fuel supply guarantee, mature technology, and convenient use.

[0003] However, due to the limited space of the offshore fixed platform and the complex and changeable marine environment, the harmful substances and high-temperature flue gas discharged from the crude oil power station often have more or less impact on the on-site personnel and the take-off and landing of helicopters. At the same time, in the state of no wind or gentle breeze, the flue gas of the smoke pipes accumulates in the production area and cannot dissipate, resulting in false triggering of the high-high alarm of the smoke detector.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for arranging the smoke pipes of a crude oil power station applicable to an offshore fixed platform to minimize the above-mentioned impacts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for arranging the smoke pipes of a crude oil power station applicable to an offshore fixed platform, which can minimize the adverse effects of the flue gas on the platform on-site personnel and facilities, and provide a reference for the layout and design of the smoke pipes of the crude oil power station of the offshore fixed platform in the future.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The method for arranging the smoke pipes of a crude oil power station applicable to an offshore fixed platform according to the present invention includes the following steps: 1) Collect basic data; 2) Preliminary plan the smoke pipe layout scheme according to the basic data; 3) According to the basic data and the smoke pipe layout scheme, simulate the influence range of heat transfer and component distribution of high-temperature flue gas by the computational fluid dynamics method, select a reasonable turbulence model and component transport model to analyze the flue gas diffusion situation, and obtain the analysis result; 4) Evaluate the rationality of the smoke exhaust according to the analysis result; 5) If the evaluation result is unreasonable, optimize the smoke exhaust; 6) Repeat step 3) for analysis and step 4) for evaluation on the optimized smoke exhaust design until the smoke exhaust design is reasonable.

[0007] The described method for arranging the smoke pipes of the crude oil power station, preferably, the basic data includes: environmental condition data of the sea area where the platform with the crude oil power station is located; general layout plans of each deck of the platform module with the crude oil power station; model, size, exhaust parameters of the generating units, size and position of the air inlet of the engine room of the crude oil power station; size and position of the air intake of the air conditioner in the living area; position of the crane cab and the allowable influence probability of the helicopter.

[0008] The described method for arranging the smoke pipes of the crude oil power station, preferably, the preliminary planning of the smoke pipe arrangement plan according to the basic data specifically includes the following steps: sequentially connect the crude oil power station, expansion joints and mufflers through the smoke pipes in sequence to form the crude oil power station and its smoke pipe components; arrange the smoke pipes in two cases where the crude oil power station is arranged on the upper deck and the crude oil power station is not arranged on the upper deck.

[0009] The described method for arranging the smoke pipes of the crude oil power station, preferably, when the crude oil power station is arranged on the upper deck, the smoke pipe arrangement method includes: Pass the smoke pipes of each crude oil power station through the top of the main engine room, gather them together and extend them in a direction away from the living area, and away from the air inlet position of the main engine room and the position of the crane cab, then vertically discharge upwards to a set height, and install a rain cap at the highest end of the smoke pipe to prevent rainwater from entering the smoke pipe; If the vertical upward discharge of the smoke pipe will affect the operation range of the crane and cause great inconvenience to the on-site production, gather the smoke pipes together and extend them in a direction away from the living area, and away from the air inlet position of the main engine room and the position of the crane cab, then discharge them from the side of the platform, and design the outermost end of the smoke pipe as a "flare" type so that the flue gas is discharged within a set range. When the wind force is insufficient and the flue gas accumulates, turn on the fan set on the smoke pipe to blow the flue gas out of the pipe to ensure that the flue gas does not accumulate around the platform.

[0010] The described method for arranging the smoke pipes of the crude oil power station, preferably, when the crude oil power station is arranged on a non-upper deck, the smoke pipe arrangement method is: pass the smoke pipes of each crude oil power station through the top of the main engine room, gather them together and turn in a direction away from the living area and the air inlet of the main engine room, and after reaching the edge of the deck, extend downwards for a certain distance, and install a smoke elimination measure at the outlet of the smoke pipe.

[0011] The described method for arranging the smoke pipes of the crude oil power station, preferably, simulate the influence range of heat transfer and component distribution of high-temperature flue gas by the computational fluid dynamics method, select a reasonable turbulence model and component transport model to analyze the diffusion situation of the flue gas, and obtain the analysis results, specifically including the following steps: Analyze the temperature rise to prevent the change in air density caused by the temperature rise in the helicopter take-off and landing area, which may lead to a decrease in the engine output power, and further result in the change of the lift and pull force of the helicopter rotor and potential engine surges; among which, the distribution of high-temperature areas should also be analyzed during the analysis to avoid excessive temperatures in the working area or the living building area caused by high-temperature flue gas, thus leading to high-temperature occupational injuries. When the high-temperature flue gas passes through obstacles, it forms wake turbulence that affects the normal thrust of the helicopter. The control of the turbulence should ensure that within the helicopter take-off and landing range, the standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity does not exceed the set value; otherwise, it is considered that the turbulence will cause the helicopter to take off and land unsafely. The standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity can be calculated by the following formula:

[0012] In the formula, k is the turbulent kinetic energy; is the standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity; that is, when the turbulent kinetic energy exceeds the set value, the helicopter has a risk of taking off and landing unsafely. Analyze the over-limit concentration range of harmful gases in the gas components to evaluate their impact on the platform personnel. The analysis scope includes: living building, central control room, and crane cab.

[0013] For the described crude oil power station flue pipe layout method, preferably, the evaluation of the exhaust rationality includes the following steps: Evaluate the probability of the helicopter take-off and landing being unusable; Evaluate the harm of harmful gas components.

[0014] For the described crude oil power station flue pipe layout method, preferably, the evaluation of the probability of the helicopter take-off and landing being unusable is specifically: The probability of the helicopter take-off and landing being unusable is jointly determined by the influence of temperature rise and turbulence. It is recommended that the acceptable probability conditions be: the probability of prohibited take-off and landing should be lower than the set value, and at the same time, the probability of cautious take-off and landing should be lower than the set value.

[0015] For the described crude oil power station flue pipe layout method, preferably, the evaluation of the harm of harmful gas components is specifically: The control of harmful gas concentration refers to the short-term exposure limit concentration. If there is a condition where harmful gases exceeding the short-term exposure limit concentration cover areas such as the living building, central control room, crane cab, or air conditioning ventilation facilities, it is necessary to optimize the smoke exhaust design or take other measures to treat the components with excessive concentrations. If the harmful gas concentration is between the time-weighted average allowable concentration and the short-term exposure limit concentration, the influencing conditions should be analyzed and a harmful gas component hazard analysis table should be formed. It is also recommended that the comprehensive impact probability of the harmful gas concentration distribution between the time-weighted average allowable concentration and the short-term exposure limit concentration on the living building, central control room, crane cab, and air conditioning ventilation facilities should be controlled within the set value.

[0016] For the method of arranging the smoke pipes in the crude oil power station described above, preferably, the optimization of the smoke exhaust specifically includes the following steps: The principles of smoke exhaust optimization are as follows: The smoke exhaust optimization should minimize the change to the general layout; the smoke exhaust optimization should not affect the operation and power of the unit; the smoke exhaust optimization should avoid bringing new risks or potential hazards; The suggestions for smoke exhaust optimization measures are as follows: Changing the smoke exhaust position or direction; extending the smoke exhaust pipe; setting different smoke exhaust directions; eliminating harmful components; among them, to eliminate harmful components, a spray device is added and the crude oil power station is set up one by one.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions in the present invention, it has the following advantages: (1) The present invention can minimize the impact of flue gas on the air inhaled by personnel in the living area and improve the living environment of personnel; (2) The present invention can minimize the entry of high-temperature flue gas into the main engine room, living area, personnel gathering area, etc., avoid affecting the operation of the power station due to temperature rise, and avoid affecting the work efficiency of on-site personnel due to excessive temperature rise in the working area; (3) The present invention can minimize the impact of flue gas on the helicopter deck and increase the flyable probability of the helicopter; (4) The present invention solves the problem of false high alarm of the smoke detector triggered by the tail smoke of the main engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of the present invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of direct smoke exhaust of the smoke pipe in the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of side smoke exhaust of the smoke pipe in the present invention; Figure 3It is the flow chart of flue gas diffusion analysis in the present invention; Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the atomizing spray device in the present invention.

[0019] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1 - Crude oil power station; 2 - Expansion joint; 3 - Silencer; 4 - Rainproof cap; 5 - Fan. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present invention can be completely conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for arranging the flue pipes of a crude oil power station applicable to an offshore fixed platform. Based on the investigation of the current flue pipe layout and design schemes of fixed platforms with crude oil power stations offshore, the problems existing on site, improvement measures, improvement effects, etc., this method is proposed, which can minimize the adverse effects of flue gas on the platform site personnel and facilities, and provide a reference for the layout and design of the flue pipes of crude oil power stations on offshore fixed platforms in the future.

[0022] The method for arranging the flue pipes of a crude oil power station applicable to an offshore fixed platform provided by the present invention includes the following steps: 1) Collect basic data; 2) Preliminary plan the flue pipe layout scheme according to the basic data; 3) According to the basic data and the flue pipe layout scheme, use the computational fluid dynamics method to simulate the influence range of heat transfer and component distribution of high-temperature flue gas, select a reasonable turbulence model and component transport model to analyze the flue gas diffusion situation, and obtain the analysis results; 4) Evaluate the rationality of the flue gas exhaust according to the analysis results; 5) If the evaluation result is unreasonable, optimize the flue gas exhaust; 6) Repeat step 3) for analysis and step 4) for evaluation on the optimized flue gas exhaust design until the flue gas exhaust design is reasonable.

[0023] In the above embodiments, preferably, the basic data includes: environmental condition data of the sea area where the platform with a crude oil power station is located; general layout drawings of each deck of the platform module with a crude oil power station; model, size, unit flue gas exhaust parameters, size and position of the engine room air inlet of the crude oil power station; size and position of the air intake of the living area air conditioner; position of the crane cab and the allowable influence probability of the helicopter.

[0024] In the above embodiments, preferably, the preliminary planning of the flue gas pipe layout plan according to the basic data specifically includes the following steps: Connect the crude oil power station 1, expansion joint 2, and silencer 3 in sequence through the flue gas pipes in order to form the crude oil power station and its flue gas pipe components; the expansion joint 2 absorbs the displacement generated by thermal stress, and the silencer reduces the noise generated by exhaust gas emissions; Layout the flue gas pipes in two cases where the crude oil power station is arranged on the upper deck and the crude oil power station is not arranged on the upper deck.

[0025] In the above embodiments, preferably, when the crude oil power station is arranged on the upper deck, the flue gas pipe layout method includes: As Figure 1 shown, pass the flue gas pipes of each crude oil power station through the top of the main engine room, gather them together, extend them in the direction away from the living area, and away from the air inlet position of the main engine room and the position of the crane cab, then vertically discharge to a set height, and install a rain cap 4 at the highest end of the flue gas pipe to prevent rainwater from entering the flue gas pipe; As Figure 2 shown, if the vertical upward discharge of the flue gas pipe will affect the operation range of the crane and cause great inconvenience to on-site production, gather the flue gas pipes together, extend them in the direction away from the living area, and away from the air inlet position of the main engine room and the position of the crane cab, then discharge from the side of the platform, and design the outermost end of the flue gas pipe as a "flare" shape so that the flue gas is discharged within a set range. When the wind power is insufficient and the flue gas accumulates, turn on the fan 5 installed on the flue gas pipe to blow the flue gas out of the pipe to ensure that the flue gas does not accumulate around the platform.

[0026] In the above embodiments, preferably, when the crude oil power station is arranged on a non-upper deck, the flue gas pipe layout method is: pass the flue gas pipes of each crude oil power station through the top of the main engine room, gather them together, turn in the direction away from the living area and the air inlet of the main engine room, reach the edge of the deck, and then extend downward a certain distance, and install a smoke elimination measure at the outlet of the flue gas pipe.

[0027] In the above embodiments, preferably, the computational fluid dynamics method is used to simulate the influence range of heat transfer and component distribution of high-temperature flue gas, select a reasonable turbulence model and component transport model to analyze the flue gas diffusion situation, and obtain the analysis results, which specifically include the following steps: As Figure 3 shown, analyze the temperature rise to prevent the temperature rise in the helicopter takeoff and landing area from causing changes in air density, which in turn causes a decrease in engine output power, and further causes changes in the lift and pull of the helicopter rotor and potential engine surges; among them, when analyzing, the distribution of the high-temperature area should also be analyzed to avoid the temperature in the working area or the living building area being too high due to high-temperature flue gas, resulting in high-temperature occupational injuries; Among them, the temperature rise gradient matrix is shown in Table 1: Table 1 Temperature Rise Gradient Matrix

[0028] When the high-temperature flue gas passes through the obstacles, it forms wake turbulence, which affects the normal thrust of the helicopter. The control of the turbulence should ensure that within the range of helicopter takeoff and landing, the standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity does not exceed 1.75 m / s. Otherwise, it is considered that the turbulence will cause the helicopter to take off and land unsafely. Among them, the standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity can be calculated by the following formula:

[0029] In the formula, k is the turbulent kinetic energy; is the standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity; that is, when the turbulent kinetic energy exceeds the set value, there is a risk of the helicopter taking off and landing unsafely; Analyze the over-limit concentration range of harmful gases in the gas components to evaluate their impact on the platform personnel. The analysis scope includes: living quarters, central control room, and crane cab. Among them, the common harmful gas components and their over-limit concentrations in the flue gas components are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Exposure Limits of Common Harmful Gas Components in High-Temperature Flue Gas

[0030] In the above embodiment, preferably, the evaluation of the rationality of smoke exhaust includes the following steps: Evaluate the probability of the helicopter being unable to take off and land; Evaluate the harm of harmful gas components.

[0031] In the above embodiment, preferably, the evaluation of the probability of the helicopter being unable to take off and land is specifically: The probability of the helicopter being unable to take off and land is jointly determined by the influence of temperature rise and turbulence. It is recommended that the acceptable probability conditions be: the probability of prohibited takeoff and landing should be less than 5%, and the probability of cautious takeoff and landing should be less than 10%.

[0032] In the above embodiment, preferably, the evaluation of the harm of harmful gas components is specifically: The control of harmful gas concentration refers to the short-term exposure limit concentration. If there is a condition where harmful gases exceeding the short-term exposure limit concentration cover the areas of the living building, the central control room, the crane cab, or the air-conditioning ventilation facilities, it is necessary to optimize the smoke exhaust design or take other measures to treat the components with excessive concentrations. If the harmful gas concentration is between the time-weighted average allowable concentration and the short-term exposure limit concentration, the influencing conditions should be analyzed, and a harmful gas component hazard analysis table should be formed, as shown in Table 3. It is also recommended that the comprehensive impact probability of the harmful gas concentration distribution between the time-weighted average allowable concentration and the short-term exposure limit concentration on the living building, the central control room, the crane cab, and the air-conditioning ventilation facilities should be controlled within 5%.

[0033] Table 3 Hazard Analysis Table of Harmful Gas Components (Example)

[0034] In the above embodiment, preferably, the optimization of the smoke exhaust specifically includes the following steps: The principles of smoke exhaust optimization are as follows: The smoke exhaust optimization should minimize the change in the general layout; the smoke exhaust optimization should not affect the operation and power of the unit; the smoke exhaust optimization should avoid bringing new risks or potential hazards; The suggestions for smoke exhaust optimization measures are as follows: Changing the smoke exhaust position or direction; extending the smoke exhaust pipe; setting different smoke exhaust directions; eliminating harmful components. Among them, to eliminate harmful components, a spraying device is added, and the crude oil power station is set up one by one.

[0035] As Figure 4 shown, the structural principle of the spraying device is as follows: Two layers of 12 spray nozzles are installed inside the flue to atomize seawater. The spray nozzles form a spraying system with a 45° downward angle, forming a 4-meter seawater adsorption area inside the pipeline, and forming a turbulent flow with the flue gas flowing from top to bottom, without forming a countercurrent and not affecting the back pressure. After the atomized seawater reacts with the flue gas, pollutants such as sulfides, HCL, HF, and dust are carried away. Two layers of 8 spray nozzles are installed at the smoke exhaust port to suppress the flue gas. The spray area of the smoke exhaust pipe is made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant stainless steel and is regularly flushed with fresh water to prevent nozzle salting. To prevent the spray nozzles from getting dirty and blocked, a Y-type filter with a filtration accuracy of 80 meshes is installed at the pipeline inlet. The nozzles inside the flue are designed as detachable structures for convenient replacement of the nozzles in the later stage The principle of the spraying device for eliminating harmful components is as follows: Based on the soluble bicarbonates in seawater, seawater has a weak alkalinity (pH value of 8.1 - 8.3), and this alkalinity has a significant effect on neutralizing SOx. When the flue gas passes through the absorption area with seawater mist as the absorption medium, SOx precipitates from the flue gas, becomes soluble SOx, and is converted into hydrogen sulfite ions and bisulfate ions, and finally becomes sulfate ions through oxidation. Sulfate ions are natural elements in seawater, and their content is generally less than 5%, which is harmless to the environment.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for laying smoke pipes of crude oil power plants suitable for offshore fixed platforms, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Collect basic information; 2) Preliminary planning of smoke pipe layout plan based on the basic data; 3) Based on the basic data and the smoke pipe layout plan, the heat transfer and component distribution influence range of the high-temperature smoke are simulated by computational fluid dynamics method, and a reasonable turbulence model and component transport model are selected to analyze the smoke diffusion and obtain the analysis results; 4) Evaluate the rationality of smoke exhaust based on the analysis results; 5) If the evaluation result is unreasonable, optimize the smoke exhaust; 6) Repeat step 3) for analysis and step 4) for evaluation of the optimized smoke exhaust design until the smoke exhaust design is reasonable.

2. The method for laying smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic data include: environmental condition data of the sea area where the platform with the crude oil power station is located; the general plan of each deck of the platform module where the crude oil power station is located; the model, size, smoke exhaust parameters of the unit, size and position of the air inlet of the machine room of the crude oil power station; the size and position of the air-conditioning suction port of the living area; the position of the crane cab and the allowable impact probability of the helicopter.

3. The method for laying out smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preliminary planning of the smoke pipe layout plan based on the basic data specifically includes the following steps: The crude oil power station, the expansion joint and the silencer are sequentially connected through the smoke pipe to form the crude oil power station and its smoke pipe components; The smoke pipes are arranged in two cases: the crude oil power plant is arranged on the upper deck and the crude oil power plant is arranged on the non-upper deck.

4. The method for laying out smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the crude oil power station is arranged on the upper deck, the smoke pipe layout includes: The smoke pipes of each crude oil power plant are passed through the top of the main engine room, gathered together and extended away from the living area, away from the air inlet of the main engine room and the crane cab, and then arranged straight upward to set the height, and a rain cap is installed at the highest end of the smoke pipe to prevent rainwater from entering the smoke pipe; If the smoke pipe is discharged straight upward, it will affect the operating range of the crane and bring great inconvenience to on-site production. The smoke pipes are concentrated together and extended in the direction away from the living area, away from the air inlet of the main engine room and the crane cab, and then discharged from the side of the platform. The outermost end of the smoke pipe is designed to be a "trumpet-mouth" type to allow the smoke to be discharged within the set range. When the wind is insufficient and causes the smoke to gather, the fan installed on the smoke pipe is turned on to blow the smoke out of the pipe to ensure that the smoke does not gather around the platform.

5. The method for laying out smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the crude oil power plant is arranged on a non-upper deck, the smoke pipe is arranged as follows: the smoke pipe of each crude oil power plant passes through the top of the main engine room, is gathered together, and then turns in a direction away from the living area and the air inlet of the main engine room. After reaching the edge of the deck, it extends downward for a certain distance, and smoke elimination measures are installed at the smoke pipe outlet.

6. The method for laying out smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of simulating the heat transfer and component distribution influence range of high-temperature flue gas by computational fluid dynamics method, selecting a reasonable turbulence model and component transport model to analyze the flue gas diffusion situation, and obtaining the analysis results specifically includes the following steps: Analyze the temperature rise to prevent the temperature rise in the helicopter take-off and landing area from causing changes in air density, which in turn causes a decrease in engine output power, and then causes changes in helicopter rotor lift and thrust, as well as potential engine surge; the high-temperature area distribution should also be analyzed during the analysis to avoid high temperatures in the working area or living building area due to high-temperature smoke, which can lead to high-temperature occupational injuries; When high-temperature smoke passes through obstacles, it forms tail vortex turbulence that affects the normal thrust of the helicopter. The control of turbulence should ensure that the standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity does not exceed the set value within the helicopter take-off and landing range. Otherwise, it is considered that turbulence will cause unsafe take-off and landing of the helicopter. The standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity can be calculated by the following formula: Where k is the turbulent kinetic energy; is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity; that is, when the turbulent kinetic energy exceeds the set value, there is a risk of unsafe takeoff and landing of the helicopter; The excessive concentration range of harmful gases in the gas components is analyzed to evaluate its impact on platform personnel. The analysis scope includes: living building, central control room, and crane cab.

7. The method for laying out smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 6, characterized in that: The evaluation of smoke exhaust rationality includes the following steps: Assess the probability of helicopter takeoff and landing being unavailable; Assess the hazards of harmful gas components.

8. The method for laying out smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 7, characterized in that: The evaluation of the probability of helicopter takeoff and landing being unavailable is specifically as follows: The probability of helicopter takeoff and landing being unavailable is jointly determined by the influence of temperature rise and turbulence. The recommended acceptable probability conditions are: the probability of unavailable takeoff and landing being prohibited should be lower than the set value, and the probability of cautious takeoff and landing should be lower than the set value.

9. The method for laying out smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 7, characterized in that: The assessment of the hazards of harmful gas components is specifically as follows: The control of harmful gas concentration refers to the permissible short-time exposure concentration. If there are harmful gases exceeding the permissible short-time exposure concentration covering the areas of living buildings, central control rooms and crane cabs or the working conditions of air-conditioning and ventilation facilities, it is necessary to optimize the smoke exhaust design or take other measures to deal with the components exceeding the concentration limit; if the concentration of harmful gases is between the time-weighted average permissible concentration and the short-time exposure permissible concentration, the influencing working conditions shall be analyzed and a hazard analysis table of harmful gas components shall be formed; and it is recommended that the probability of the comprehensive impact of harmful gas concentrations distributed between the time-weighted average permissible concentration and the short-time exposure permissible concentration on living buildings, central control rooms, crane cabs and air-conditioning and ventilation facilities should be controlled within the set value.

10. The method for laying out smoke pipes in a crude oil power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimization of smoke exhaust specifically comprises the following steps: The smoke exhaust optimization principles are: smoke exhaust optimization should minimize the changes to the general layout; smoke exhaust optimization should not affect the operation and power of the unit; smoke exhaust optimization should avoid bringing new risks or potential hidden dangers; Suggested smoke exhaust optimization measures are: change the smoke exhaust position or direction; extend the smoke exhaust pipe; Set different smoke exhaust directions; eliminate harmful components; among them, the harmful components are eliminated by adding spraying devices and setting up crude oil power stations one by one.

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