Energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system and method based on gas production component hierarchical control and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system and method based on gas production component hierarchical control and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the real-time concentration of gas in an energy storage battery Pack through a distributed gas sensor, and carrying out the auxiliary positioning of a fault battery; the real-time pressure in the energy storage battery Pack is collected through a distributed pressure sensor, and the distributed pressure sensor is used for carrying out auxiliary positioning on a fault battery; the hierarchical control unit judges the current state of the energy storage battery by acquiring the real-time concentration and the real-time pressure of gas in the energy storage battery Pack, and generates a corresponding control strategy; the gas-liquid linkage regulation and control system controls the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate to act according to the control strategy; the gas components, the pressure gradient and the temperature time sequence change are fused into thermal runaway criteria, and a layered prevention and control system from early warning to directional blocking is constructed. The response intensity is dynamically adjusted according to different gas production scenes, and the operation and maintenance cost rise caused by excessive actions is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage battery safety, and specifically relates to a thermal runaway suppression system, method and storage medium for an energy storage battery Pack based on hierarchical control of gas-generating components. Background Art

[0002] In the existing technology, with the advancement of the global carbon neutrality goal, the large-scale deployment of electrochemical energy storage power stations has been accelerated. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have become the mainstream choice due to their long cycle life and high theoretical thermal stability. However, in overcharge, short circuit or aging scenarios, batteries will still generate flammable gases (such as H2, CO) and corrosive gases (such as HF) due to internal side reactions. The accumulation of gases in the enclosed space of the Pack can easily cause combustion and explosion, causing serious safety accidents. For example, a 300MWh energy storage power station once suffered local overheating due to a loose connection of a single battery in the module. The gas production and diffusion were not discovered in time, which eventually triggered a chain of thermal runaway and burned the entire cabin equipment, with direct economic losses exceeding 10 million yuan. Traditional thermal runaway protection technology usually relies on temperature and voltage threshold judgment or global fire protection system, and has significant defects: 1. Single temperature monitoring cannot capture early gas production signals, and the problem of early warning lag is prominent. According to statistics, the proportion of global energy storage fire accidents caused by delayed response in 2023 is as high as 68%; 2. Although conventional fire extinguishing devices (such as perfluorohexanone) can suppress open flames, they cannot block the free radical chain reaction in the early stage of gas explosion, and the residual fire extinguishing agent will cause secondary damage to the battery. Among them, when the ambient temperature of the fire extinguishing agent injection is greater than 500°C, perfluorohexanone partially decomposes to generate trace HF, which is highly corrosive and has secondary damage to the battery. In addition, the aluminum pack shell may accelerate oxidation and cause damage after long-term contact with high concentrations of perfluorohexanone. 3. The extensive pressure relief design often only passively exhausts through a one-way valve on the top or side, without considering the gas diffusion path and pressure gradient distribution, resulting in unclear fault location and low suppression efficiency.

[0003] Existing technologies attempt to introduce gas sensors to improve monitoring capabilities, but they mostly adopt a centralized layout (such as setting a single detection point on the top of the Pack), which makes it difficult to capture small local concentration changes within the module, and the sensors are easily contaminated by high temperature or dust and fail. In addition, the liquid cooling system and the gas suppression system mostly operate independently and lack collaborative control logic, resulting in resource competition in the cooling and inerting processes. For example, when the coolant flow rate increases, the gas injection pressure may decay, weakening the local dilution effect. More importantly, existing solutions generally lack hierarchical control strategies for different gas-producing components (such as H2, which is highly explosive but diffuses quickly, and CO, which is highly toxic but easily adsorbed), and often use a unified threshold to trigger global actions, resulting in unnecessary system downtime or increased maintenance costs.

[0004] A new thermal runaway suppression system for energy storage battery pack based on graded control of gas generation components is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a thermal runaway suppression system for an energy storage battery Pack based on hierarchical control of gas production components, which is used to solve the technical problem of poor fire extinguishing effect in the prior art.

[0006] The present invention also aims to provide a thermal runaway suppression method adopting a thermal runaway suppression system for an energy storage battery Pack based on hierarchical control of gas production components.

[0007] The present invention also aims to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0008] The technical solution for the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: A thermal runaway suppression system for an energy storage battery Pack based on hierarchical control of gas production components, comprising: A gas real-time monitoring module, which collects the real-time concentration of gas in the energy storage battery Pack through distributed gas sensors and is used for auxiliary positioning of faulty batteries; A pressure real-time monitoring module, which collects the real-time pressure in the energy storage battery Pack through distributed pressure sensors and is used for auxiliary positioning of faulty batteries; A hierarchical control unit, which is used to obtain the real-time concentration and real-time pressure of gas in the energy storage battery Pack, judge the current state of the energy storage battery, and generate corresponding control strategies; A gas-liquid linkage regulation system, which is used to control the actions of a gas injection device and a liquid cooling plate according to the control strategy; The gas real-time monitoring module and the pressure real-time monitoring module are respectively connected to the hierarchical control unit, the hierarchical control unit is connected to the gas-liquid linkage regulation system, the gas-liquid linkage regulation system is respectively connected to the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate, and the jet pipe of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate are integrally arranged.

[0009] Preferably, the distributed gas sensors include: a hydrogen sensor, which is used to detect the hydrogen concentration in the boundary region of the energy storage battery; A hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensor, which is used to detect the hydrogen concentration and carbon monoxide concentration in the main region of the energy storage battery; A hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensor, which is used to detect the hydrogen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration and thermocouple temperature at the regional positioning point in the energy storage battery; A hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gas organic matter triple sensor, which is used to detect the hydrogen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration and gas organic matter concentration at the middle position in the energy storage battery.

[0010] Preferably, the hydrogen sensors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of each row of energy storage batteries. The number of rows of hydrogen sensors corresponds to the number of rows of the battery pack, and the number of hydrogen sensors is twice the number of rows of the battery pack. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors are evenly distributed in the middle of the battery blocks in each row of fixed adjacent columns. The number of rows of hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors corresponds to the number of rows of the battery pack, and the number of hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors is four times the number of rows of the battery pack. The hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors are evenly distributed in the middle of the battery blocks in the fixed columns of fixed adjacent rows. The number of rows of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors is half of the number of rows of the battery pack, and the number of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors is twice the number of rows of the battery pack. The hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gas organic matter triple sensors are evenly distributed in the middle of the battery blocks in the fixed columns of fixed adjacent rows. The number of rows of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors is one-fourth of the number of rows of the battery pack, and the number of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors corresponds to the number of rows of the battery pack.

[0011] Preferably, the gas injection device is an inert gas injection device.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes: an exhaust gas treatment device for treating the exhaust gas discharged from the energy storage battery to separate the inert gas. The output end of the exhaust gas treatment device is connected to the input end of the gas injection device.

[0013] Preferably, the liquid cooling pipes of the liquid cooling plate are symmetrically distributed in two directions, and the liquid cooling plate is internally provided with nozzles for releasing inert gas.

[0014] Preferably, the hierarchical control unit uses an FPGA chip.

[0015] A thermal runaway suppression method for an energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system based on hierarchical control according to gas production components includes the following steps: S1: The hierarchical control unit reads the real-time concentration and real-time pressure data collected by the gas real-time monitoring module and the pressure real-time monitoring module, and judges whether the current state of the energy storage battery is in a first-level response state according to the first set threshold. If not, execute step S2; if so, send a control instruction to the gas-liquid linkage control system to control the gas injection device to act. S2: The hierarchical control unit judges whether the current state of the energy storage battery is in a second-level response state according to the second set threshold. If not, execute step S3; if so, send a control instruction to the gas-liquid linkage control system to control the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate to act. S3: The hierarchical control unit determines whether the current energy storage battery state is a three - level response state according to the third set threshold. If not, it gives an alarm and sends a control instruction to the gas - liquid linkage control system to control the actions of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate. If so, it sends a control instruction to the gas - liquid linkage control system to control the actions of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate.

[0016] Preferably, the first set threshold is that the carbon monoxide concentration is not less than 200 ppm and the temperature rise rate is not less than 10 °C / min; the second set threshold is that the temperature is not less than 85 °C and the hydrogen concentration is not less than 1.2% vol; the third set threshold is that the pressure gradient is not less than 60 Pa / s or the carbon monoxide concentration is not less than 5% vol.

[0017] A computer - readable storage medium stores a computer program. The computer program, when executed by a processor, causes the device where the computer - readable storage medium is located to execute a thermal runaway suppression method of an energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system using hierarchical control based on gas production components.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The gas real - time monitoring module collects the real - time concentration of the gas in the energy storage battery Pack through distributed gas sensors and is used for auxiliary positioning of faulty batteries; collects the real - time pressure in the energy storage battery Pack through distributed pressure sensors and is used for auxiliary positioning of faulty batteries; the hierarchical control unit determines the current state of the energy storage battery by obtaining the real - time concentration and real - time pressure of the gas in the energy storage battery Pack and generates corresponding control strategies;; the gas - liquid linkage control system is used to control the actions of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate according to the control strategies; fuses the gas composition, pressure gradient and temperature time - series changes into a thermal runaway criterion, and constructs a hierarchical prevention and control system from "early warning" to "directional blocking". The design of the gas - liquid linkage control system breaks the traditional split mode of cooling and fire extinguishing. The innovative structure of the dual - channel liquid cooling plate embedded with an inert gas injection device not only ensures efficient heat dissipation under normal conditions, but also can quickly dilute combustible gases locally through local injection at the initial stage of thermal runaway, avoiding capacity loss caused by global fire extinguishing. And the hierarchical suppression strategy dynamically adjusts the response intensity according to different gas production scenarios, avoiding the increase in operation and maintenance costs caused by excessive actions. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system using hierarchical control based on gas production components provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the gas real - time monitoring module of an energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system using hierarchical control based on gas production components provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3It is a distribution diagram of the liquid cooling plate flow channel and injection port structure of the energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas production component hierarchical control provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a left side view of the liquid cooling plate of the energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas production component hierarchical control provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a right side view of the liquid cooling plate of the energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas production component hierarchical control provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a flowchart of the energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression method based on gas production component hierarchical control provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] Embodiment 1: As Figure 1 shown, the present invention discloses an energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas production component hierarchical control, including: A gas real-time monitoring module, which collects the real-time concentration of gas in the energy storage battery Pack through distributed gas sensors and is used for auxiliary positioning of faulty batteries; A pressure real-time monitoring module, which collects the real-time pressure in the energy storage battery Pack through distributed pressure sensors and is used for auxiliary positioning of faulty batteries; A hierarchical control unit, which is used to obtain the real-time concentration and real-time pressure of gas in the energy storage battery Pack, judge the current state of the energy storage battery, and generate corresponding control strategies; the hierarchical control unit uses an FPGA chip.

[0022] A gas-liquid linkage control system, which is used to control the actions of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate according to the control strategy; the gas injection device is an inert gas injection device.

[0023] An exhaust gas treatment device, which is used to treat the exhaust gas discharged from the energy storage battery and separate the inert gas; The gas real-time monitoring module and the pressure real-time monitoring module are respectively connected to the hierarchical control unit, the hierarchical control unit is connected to the gas-liquid linkage control system, the gas-liquid linkage control system is respectively connected to the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate, the jet pipe of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate are integrally arranged, the input end of the exhaust gas treatment device is connected to the pressure relief valve end of the energy storage battery, and the output end of the exhaust gas treatment device is connected to the input end of the gas injection device.

[0024] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the distributed gas sensor includes: a hydrogen (H2) sensor 201 for detecting the hydrogen concentration in the boundary region of the energy storage battery; the hydrogen sensors 201 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of each row of energy storage batteries, the number of rows of the hydrogen sensors 201 corresponds to the number of rows of the battery pack, and the number of the hydrogen sensors 201 is twice the number of rows of the battery pack; a hydrogen and carbon monoxide (H2 / CO) mixed sensor 202 for detecting the hydrogen concentration and carbon monoxide concentration in the main region of the energy storage battery; the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors 202 are evenly distributed in the middle of the battery blocks in each row of fixed adjacent columns, the number of rows of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors 202 corresponds to the number of rows of the battery pack, and the number of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors 202 is four times the number of rows of the battery pack; a hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature (H2 / CO / thermocouple temperature) triple sensor 203 for detecting the hydrogen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration and thermocouple temperature at the regional positioning points in the energy storage battery; the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors 203 are evenly distributed in the middle of the battery blocks in the fixed columns of fixed adjacent rows, the number of rows of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors 203 is 1 / 2 times the number of rows of the battery pack, and the number of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors 203 is twice the number of rows of the battery pack; a hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gas organic matter (H2 / CO / TVOC) triple sensor 204 for detecting the hydrogen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration and gas organic matter concentration at the middle position in the energy storage battery, the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gas organic matter triple sensors 204 are evenly distributed in the middle of the battery blocks in the fixed columns of fixed adjacent rows, the number of rows of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors 204 is 1 / 4 times the number of rows of the battery pack, and the number of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors 204 corresponds to the number of rows of the battery pack.

[0025] As Figure 3 、 4 shown in FIG. 5, the liquid cooling pipes 305 of the liquid cooling plate are symmetrically distributed in a two-way shape, and the liquid cooling plate is internally provided with nozzles 306 for releasing inert gas, and the nozzles 306 are connected through gas pipes 304. An input pipe 307 is arranged on the left side of the liquid cooling plate, and the input pipe 307 is provided with a liquid cooling inlet 301 and a gas inlet 302 corresponding to the positions of the liquid cooling pipes 305 and the gas pipes 304. An output pipe 308 is arranged on the right side of the liquid cooling plate, and the output pipe 308 is provided with a liquid cooling outlet 303 corresponding to the position of the liquid cooling pipe 305. The output pipe 308 is also connected to a recovery device, and after being recovered and processed, it is used for the liquid cooling pipe 305 again. Among them, the number of the gas pipes 304 is the number of rows of the battery pack - 1; the number of the liquid cooling pipes 305 is the number of rows of the battery pack.

[0026] Example 2: As Figure 6 shown, the present invention discloses a thermal runaway suppression method for a thermal runaway suppression system of an energy storage battery Pack using hierarchical control based on gas production components, including the following steps: S1: The hierarchical control unit reads the real-time concentration and real-time pressure data collected by the gas real-time monitoring module and the pressure real-time monitoring module, and judges whether the current energy storage battery state is a first-level response state according to the first set threshold. If not, execute step S2. If so, send a control instruction to the gas-liquid linkage regulation system to control the action of the gas injection device; the first set threshold is that the carbon monoxide concentration is not less than 200 ppm and the temperature rise rate is not less than 10 °C / min; S2: The hierarchical control unit judges whether the current energy storage battery state is a second-level response state according to the second set threshold. If not, execute step S3; if so, send a control instruction to the gas-liquid linkage regulation system to control the action of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate; the second set threshold is that the temperature is not less than 85 °C and the hydrogen concentration is not less than 1.2% vol; S3: The hierarchical control unit judges whether the current energy storage battery state is a third-level response state according to the third set threshold. If not, give an alarm, send a control instruction to the gas-liquid linkage regulation system to control the action of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate. If so, send a control instruction to the gas-liquid linkage regulation system to control the action of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate. The third set threshold is that the pressure gradient is not less than 60 Pa / s or the carbon monoxide concentration is not less than 5% vol.

[0027] Specific implementation process of thermal runaway suppression: Taking a 4×13 single-layer module of 52 batteries as an example, where the number of gas pipelines 304 is 3, the number of nozzles is 28, and the spacing is 190 mm; the number of liquid cooling pipelines 305 is 4, the number of hydrogen sensors is 4 rows and 8; the number of hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors is 4 rows and 16; the number of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature triple sensors is 2 rows and 8; the number of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gas organic matter triple sensors is 1 row and 4; assume that the battery at the position of the 2nd row and 4th column is the faulty battery.

[0028] When the gas sensor detects that the CO concentration is ≥200ppm and the temperature rise rate ΔT / Δt (T is temperature, t is time) of the battery cell measured by the thermocouple array is greater than or equal to 10℃ / min, the hierarchical control unit determines that it is a primary response, and immediately cuts off the PCS DC input and starts the nitrogen pre-charging system. By controlling the gas injection device, that is, a total of 10 nozzles above and below the second row and fourth column of the battery spray nitrogen, the oxygen concentration is reduced to 18.5%vol. If the temperature sensor of the H2 / CO / thermocouple temperature three-in-one constant sensor continuously monitors that the temperature of the single module rises to 85±5℃ and the H2 sensor detects that the H2 concentration exceeds the 1.2%vol threshold, the hierarchical control unit determines that it is a secondary response, and controls the liquid cooling plate, that is, the embedded two-way flow channel to accurately spray perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent (C6F12O flow rate 10kg / min) to the target area, and combines the negative pressure pipeline to export the combustion products for treatment. When the differential pressure sensor module in the real-time pressure monitoring module measures the pressure in the box ΔP / Δt=60Pa / s or the CO concentration surges to 5%vol, the hierarchical control unit determines it as a level 3 response, controls the gas injection device to drive the nitrogen storage tank to release inert gas at a flow rate of 20 kg / min, and simultaneously opens the top explosion-proof valve to release pressure. The operation and maintenance personnel lock the battery in the 4th column of the 2nd row and replace the failed connector, thereby releasing the system alarm. The process did not trigger the fire extinguishing system, and the available capacity of the module remained above 95%. The thermal runaway diffusion range was compressed to within 3 batteries, and the full-area fire extinguishing of HFC-227ea was not triggered. The available capacity of the module was usually maintained above 92%, verifying its high reliability and economy.

[0029] The solution is compatible with battery modules of different sizes through modular design and is suitable for a single-layer layout of 280Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries arranged in 4×13. The measured response time is less than 50ms, and the thermal runaway blocking success rate under gas-liquid linkage conditions exceeds 98%. The operation and maintenance cost is reduced by 75% compared with traditional full-area fire extinguishing solutions, providing an innovative solution for the safety protection of energy storage battery packs.

[0030] Taking the gas production dynamics of the battery Pack as the core research object, fusing gas components, pressure gradients, and temporal temperature changes into a thermal runaway criterion, and constructing a hierarchical prevention and control system from "early warning" to "directional blocking". Through the grid layout of distributed sensors, the system can capture local weak air pressure fluctuations (sensitivity up to ±5 Pa) and trace gas releases (CO detection limit of 10 ppm) within the module, and use the high-speed data processing ability of the FPGA chip to real-time fit the gas production diffusion model to predict high-risk areas in advance. The design of the gas-liquid linkage control system breaks the traditional separation mode of cooling and fire extinguishing. The innovative structure of the dual-channel liquid cooling plate embedded with an inert gas injection device not only ensures efficient heat dissipation under normal conditions but also can quickly dilute combustible gases through local injection at the initial stage of thermal runaway, avoiding capacity loss caused by full-area fire extinguishing. More importantly, based on the different gas characteristics (such as the wide flammable and explosive limit range of H2 and the low lethal concentration of 50% of CO) and the internal pressure change law of the battery, the system has developed a multi-level linkage control strategy: when low-concentration CO is detected, local cooling and inerting are preferentially started; when the H2 concentration suddenly rises or the pressure gradient is abnormal, a combined action of directional pressure relief and high-pressure injection is triggered, taking into account both safety and economy.

[0031] Example 3: A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, it causes the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute a thermal runaway suppression method of an energy storage battery Pack thermal runaway suppression system using hierarchical control based on gas production components.

[0032] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway suppression system for energy storage battery pack based on hierarchical control of gas-generating components, characterized in that: include: The gas real-time monitoring module collects the real-time concentration of gas in the energy storage battery pack through distributed gas sensors and is used to assist in locating faulty batteries; The real-time pressure monitoring module collects the real-time pressure in the energy storage battery pack through distributed pressure sensors and is used to assist in locating the faulty battery. The hierarchical control unit is used to obtain the real-time concentration and pressure of the gas in the energy storage battery pack, determine the current state of the energy storage battery, and generate the corresponding control strategy; The gas-liquid linkage control system is used to control the gas injection device and liquid cooling plate according to the control strategy; The gas real-time monitoring module and the pressure real-time monitoring module are respectively connected to the hierarchical control unit, the hierarchical control unit is connected to the gas-liquid linkage control system, the gas-liquid linkage control system is respectively connected to the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate, and the injection pipe of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate are integrated.

2. The energy storage battery pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas generation component hierarchical control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distributed gas sensor comprises: A hydrogen sensor is used to detect the hydrogen concentration in the boundary area of ​​the energy storage battery; A hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensor is used to detect the hydrogen concentration and carbon monoxide concentration in the main area of ​​the energy storage battery; A three-in-one sensor for hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature, used to detect the hydrogen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration and thermocouple temperature at regional positioning points within the energy storage battery; The three-in-one sensor for hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gaseous organic matter is used to detect the concentration of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gaseous organic matter in the middle position of the energy storage battery.

3. The energy storage battery pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas generation component hierarchical control according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The hydrogen sensors are centrally symmetrically arranged on both sides of each row of energy storage batteries. The number of hydrogen sensor rows corresponds to the number of battery pack rows, and the number of hydrogen sensors is twice the number of battery pack rows; the hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors are evenly distributed and arranged in the middle of the battery blocks in each row of fixed adjacent columns. The number of hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors corresponds to the number of battery pack rows, and the number of hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixed sensors is 4 times the number of battery pack rows; the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature three-in-one sensors are evenly distributed and arranged in the middle of the battery blocks in the fixed columns of fixed adjacent rows. The number of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature three-in-one sensors is 1 / 2 times the number of battery pack rows, and the number of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature three-in-one sensors is twice the number of battery pack rows; the hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gaseous organic three-in-one sensors are evenly distributed and arranged in the middle of the battery blocks in the fixed columns of fixed adjacent rows. The number of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature three-in-one sensors is 1 / 4 times the number of battery pack rows, The number of three-in-one sensors for hydrogen, carbon monoxide and thermocouple temperature corresponds to the number of rows in the battery pack.

4. The energy storage battery pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas generation component hierarchical control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas injection device is an inert gas injection device.

5. The energy storage battery pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas generation component hierarchical control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: The exhaust gas treatment device is used to treat the exhaust gas discharged from the energy storage battery and separate the inert gas. The output end of the exhaust gas treatment device is connected to the input end of the gas injection device.

6. The energy storage battery pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas generation component hierarchical control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid cooling pipes of the liquid cooling plate are symmetrically distributed in both directions, and the liquid cooling plate is internally provided with nozzles, which are used for releasing inert gas.

7. The energy storage battery pack thermal runaway suppression system based on gas generation component hierarchical control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hierarchical control unit adopts an FPGA chip.

8. A method for suppressing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery pack using a thermal runaway suppression system based on hierarchical control of gas-generating components, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The hierarchical control unit reads the real-time concentration and real-time pressure data collected by the gas real-time monitoring module and the pressure real-time monitoring module, and determines whether the current energy storage battery state is a primary response state according to the first set threshold value. If not, execute step S2. If so, send a control instruction to the gas-liquid linkage control system to control the action of the gas injection device; S2: The hierarchical control unit determines whether the current state of the energy storage battery is a secondary response state according to the second set threshold value. If not, execute step S3; if so, send a control instruction to the gas-liquid linkage control system to control the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate to operate; S3: The hierarchical control unit determines whether the current state of the energy storage battery is a third-level response state according to the third set threshold value. If not, an alarm is issued and a control instruction is sent to the gas-liquid linkage control system to control the action of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate; if so, a control instruction is sent to the gas-liquid linkage control system to control the action of the gas injection device and the liquid cooling plate.

9. The method for suppressing thermal runaway of an energy storage battery pack based on hierarchical control of gas-generating components according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The first set threshold is that the carbon monoxide concentration is not less than 200ppm and the temperature rise rate is not less than 10℃ / min; the second set threshold is that the temperature is not less than 85℃ and the hydrogen concentration is not less than 1.2%vol; the third set threshold is that the pressure gradient is not less than 60Pa / s or the carbon monoxide concentration is not less than 5%vol.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located executes the method described in claims 8-9.

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