Composition, light-emitting element using the same, and electronic device including the same

Abstract

Provided are a composition, a light-emitting element using the composition, and an electronic device including the light-emitting element, the composition including: a nanomaterial; and a solvent, the nanomaterial comprising: a metal oxide; and a ligand disposed on the surface of the metal oxide, the ligand including a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: lt; chemical formula 1gt; # imgabs0 # refers to the description for the description of the chemical formula 1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Disclosed is a composition, a light-emitting device using the same, and an electronic device including the light-emitting device. Background Art

[0002] As a self-luminous element, an organic light emitting device has a wide viewing angle, excellent contrast, fast response time, excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and can achieve multi-colorization.

[0003] The light-emitting device may have a structure in which a first electrode is disposed above a substrate, and a hole transport region, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode are sequentially formed above the first electrode. Holes injected from the first electrode move to the light-emitting layer through a non-light-emitting exciton transport region that does not contribute to light emission among excitons generated inside the hole light-emitting layer, and electrons injected from the second electrode move to the light-emitting layer through the electron transport region. Carriers such as the holes and electrons recombine in the light-emitting layer region to generate excitons. The excitons generate light while changing from an excited state to a ground state. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Disclosed is a composition including a nanomaterial, a light-emitting device using the same, and an electronic device including the light-emitting device.

[0005] According to one aspect, provided is a composition including:

[0006] a nanomaterial; and a solvent,

[0007] wherein the nanomaterial includes: a metal oxide; and a ligand disposed on a surface of the metal oxide,

[0008] The ligand includes a group represented by Chemical Formula 1 below.

[0009] <Chemical Formula 1>

[0010]

[0011] In Chemical Formula 1,

[0012] L1 is *-C(R 11 )(R 12 )-*' or *-C(R 11 )=C(R 12 )-*',

[0013] L2 is *-O-*' or *-C(=O)-*',

[0014] The said '*and*'' are bonding positions with atoms adjacent respectively,

[0015] a1 is an integer from 1 to 5. When the said a1 is 2 or more, L1s of 2 or more are the same as or different from each other,

[0016] a2 is an integer of 0 or 1. When the said a2 is 0, L2 does not exist,

[0017] R1 is an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0018] R 11 and R 12 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60an arylthio group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0019] * is a bonding site with the surface of the metal oxide,

[0020] wherein R 10a is: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group or a nitro group; C1-C alkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C alkynyl or C1-C alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ), -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof; C1-C alkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C alkynyl or C1-C alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, -Si(Q 60 )(Q 60 )(Q 60 ), -N(Q 60 )(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 23 )(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ), -P(=O)(Q 21)、 -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or a C3 - C 60 carbocyclic group, a C1 - C 60 heterocyclic group, a C6 - C 60 aryloxy or a C6 - C 60 arylthio group, each substituted by -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 31 ), -N(Q 32 )(Q 31 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q

[0021] ), where Q1 to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxy; cyano; nitro; a C1 - C 60 alkyl group, a C2 - C 60 alkenyl group, a C2 - C 60 alkynyl group or a C1 - C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof; or a C3 - C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1 - C 60 heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, a C1 - C 60 alkyl group, a C1 - C 60 alkoxy group, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof.

[0022] According to another aspect, there is provided a light - emitting element, comprising:

[0023] a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising a light - emitting layer; and

[0024] a metal oxide layer formed using the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

[0025] According to still another aspect, there is provided an electronic device comprising the light - emitting element.

[0026] The light-emitting element using the composition may have excellent driving voltage, luminous efficiency, and lifetime characteristics, and high-quality electronic devices can be manufactured using the same. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 FIG. schematically shows the structure of a light-emitting element according to an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2 FIG. schematically shows the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment.

[0029] Figure 3 FIG. schematically shows the structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment.

[0030] Figure 4 FIG. is a perspective view schematically showing an electronic device including a light-emitting element according to an embodiment.

[0031] Figure 5 FIG. is a view schematically showing the exterior of a vehicle as an electronic device including a light-emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figures 6a to 6c FIG. schematically shows the interior of a vehicle according to various embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7a and Figure 7b FIG. shows the results of observing Film A and Film B with AFM.

[0034] Figure 8a and Figure 8b FIG. shows the results of measuring the contact angles of the manufactured Film A and Film B.

[0035] Figure 9a FIG. shows the results of measuring the photoluminescence (PL) of Film A and Film B.

[0036] Figure 9b FIG. shows the results of measuring the PL of Film C1, Film C2, and Film D.

[0037] Figure 10a and Figure 10b FIG. shows the results of measuring the oxygen 1s peak of Film A and Film B by XPS.

[0038] Figure 11 FIG. shows the results of measuring the energy levels of Film A and Film B.

[0039] Figure 12It is a diagram showing the results of measuring the current density of pure electron devices (EOD) using membrane C or membrane D.

[0040] Figure 13a And Figure 13b It is a diagram showing the luminous efficiency and lifespan of light-emitting elements according to the examples and comparative examples. Detailed Description

[0041] The present invention can be variously modified and can have various embodiments. Specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and will be described in detail in the detailed description. The effects, features, and methods for achieving them of the present invention will become clear with reference to the embodiments described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and can be implemented in various forms.

[0042] In this specification, terms such as first, second, etc. do not have a limiting meaning, and their purpose of use is to distinguish one component from other components.

[0043] In this specification, as long as it is not clearly indicated as different in the context, singular expressions include plural expressions.

[0044] In this specification, terms such as including or having mean that there are the features or components described in the specification, and do not preclude the possibility of adding one or more other features or components in advance. For example, unless otherwise limited, terms such as including or having can refer to the case consisting only of the features or components described in the specification (consist of) and the case including other components as well.

[0045] In this specification, "Group II" can include Group IIA elements and Group IIB elements in the IUPAC periodic table of elements. Examples of Group II elements include Cd, Mg, and Zn, but are not limited thereto.

[0046] In this specification, "Group III" can include Group IIIA elements and Group IIIB elements in the IUPAC periodic table of elements. Examples of Group III elements include Al, In, Ga, and Tl, but are not limited thereto.

[0047] In this specification, "Group IV" can include Group IVA elements and Group IVB elements in the IUPAC periodic table of elements. Examples of Group IV elements can include Si, Ge, and Sn, but are not limited thereto.

[0048] In this specification, "Group V" can include Group VA elements in the IUPAC periodic table of elements. Examples of Group V elements include N, P, As, Sb, and Bi, but are not limited thereto.

[0049] In this specification, the "Group VI" may include the Group VIA elements in the IUPAC periodic table of elements. Examples of Group VI elements include, but are not limited to, O, S, Se, and Te.

[0050] In this specification, the term "metal" also includes metalloids such as Si. Examples of metalloids may include B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, etc.

[0051] Hereinafter, a composition according to one implementation example will be described.

[0052] [Composition]

[0053] The composition includes: a nanomaterial; and a solvent, where the nanomaterial includes: a metal oxide; and a ligand disposed on the surface of the metal oxide.

[0054] Ligands in the nanomaterial

[0055] The ligand includes a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 1.

[0056] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0057]

[0058] In Chemical Formula 1, L1 is *-C(R 11 )(R 12 )-*' or *-C(R 11 )=C(R 12 )-*', where * and *' are bonding sites to adjacent atoms, respectively.

[0059] In Chemical Formula 1, a1 is an integer from 1 to 5. When a1 is 2 or more, two or more L1s are the same or different from each other.

[0060] According to one implementation example, a1 may be 1 or 2.

[0061] In Chemical Formula 1, L2 is *-O-*' or *-C(=O)-*', where * and *' are bonding sites to adjacent atoms, respectively.

[0062] In Chemical Formula 1, a2 is an integer of 0 or 1. When a2 is 0, L2 does not exist.

[0063] In Chemical Formula 1, R1 is an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60An alkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 An alkynyl group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 A heterocyclic group.

[0064] According to one implementation example, the R1 may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 An alkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 An alkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 10 A cycloalkyl group or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 An aryl group.

[0065] According to one implementation example, the R1 may be an unsubstituted or deuterium, C1-C 10 alkyl group, C2-C 10 alkenyl group, phenyl group or any combination thereof substituted C1-C 20 alkyl group, C2-C 20 alkenyl group, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group or C6-C 20 An aryl group.

[0066] For example, the R1 may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, vinyl, propylene, 2-methylpropylene, butylene or 2-methylbutylene.

[0067] In the chemical formula 1, R 11 and R 12 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C60 An alkoxy group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 A heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 An aryloxy group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 An arylthio group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2).

[0068] According to one implementation example, it may be that the R 11 and R 12 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy or C1-C 20 alkylthio;

[0069] substituted with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 10 alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantanyl, norbornanyl, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl and pyrimidinyl by at least one of C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy or C1-C 20 alkylthio;

[0070] unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, C1-C 20Alkylthio, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantanyl, norbornanyl, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, yl, pyrrolyl, phenylthio, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, carbazolyl, phenanthrolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl, benzophenylthio, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, dibenzofuryl, dibenzophenylthio, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -P(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), where at least one of the cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantanyl, norbornanyl, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, a base, pyrrolyl, phenylthio, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, carbazolyl, phenanthrolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl, benzophenylthio, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, dibenzofuryl, dibenzophenylthio, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazolyl, azadibenzofuryl, azadibenzophenylthio, azafuryl or azadibenzosilolyl; or

[0071] -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0072] Q1 to Q3 and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently -CH3, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CH2CH3, -CH2CD3, -CH2CD2H, -CH2CDH2, -CHDCH3, -CHDCD2H, -CHDCDH2, -CHDCD3, -CD2CD3, -CD2CD2H or -CD2CDH2;

[0073] unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, C1-C 10 alkyl, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl and triazinyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl or triazinyl.

[0074] For example, the R 11 and R 12 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or C2-C 10 alkenyl.

[0075] In the chemical formula 1, * is a bonding site with the surface of the metal oxide.

[0076] According to one implementation example, in the chemical formula 1, L1 can be *-C(R 11 )(R 12 )-*, a1 is 1 or 2, R 11 and R 12Each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, or a C1-C5 alkyl group.

[0077] According to one implementation example, the ligand may include a group represented by any one of Chemical Formulas 1A to 1F below.

[0078]

[0079] In Chemical Formulas 1A to 1F, * is a bonding site with the surface of the metal oxide.

[0080] Metal oxides in the nanomaterial

[0081] According to one implementation example, the metal oxide may include Zn, Ti, Zr, Sn, W, Ta, Ni, Mo, Cu, Mg, Co, Mn, Y, Al, Fe, Ge, Pb, Cr, or any combination thereof.

[0082] According to one implementation example, the metal oxide may be represented by Chemical Formula 2 below.

[0083] <Chemical Formula 2>

[0084] M p O q

[0085] In Chemical Formula 2,

[0086] M is Zn, Ti, Zr, Sn, W, Ta, Ni, Mo, Cu, or V,

[0087] p and q each independently is an integer from 1 to 5.

[0088] According to one implementation example, the metal oxide may be represented by Chemical Formula 2-1 below.

[0089] <Chemical Formula 2-1>

[0090] Zn (1-r) M' r O

[0091] In Chemical Formula 2-1,

[0092] M' is Mg, Co, Ni, Zr, Mn, Sn, Y, Al, Fe, Ge, Pb, Cr, or any combination thereof,

[0093] r is a number greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5.

[0094] According to one implementation example, the metal oxide may be ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnAlO, ZnSiO, ZnYbO, TiO2, WO3, W2O3, WO2, or any combination thereof.

[0095] According to one implementation example, the average diameter of the metal oxide may be about 1 nm to about 30 nm, for example, about 5 nm to about 15 nm. The average diameter of the metal oxide may be the average diameter measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).

[0096] For example, the form of the metal oxide may be spherical, for example, substantially spherical.

[0097] In metal oxide nanoparticles, such as ZnO metal oxide nanoparticles, there are multiple oxygen vacancies in the crystal. The nanoparticles are n-type due to the internal oxygen vacancies and may have high electrical conductivity. In addition, the conduction band energy level of the metal oxide nanoparticles is similar to that of Quantum Dots, so the metal oxide nanoparticles have excellent electron injection characteristics. Therefore, the metal oxide layer including the metal oxide nanoparticles can be used as an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, etc. in a quantum dot light-emitting device.

[0098] However, due to the energy levels formed by the oxygen vacancies existing on the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticles, the oxygen vacancies on the surface can act as electron traps. As a result, the electrons injected from the electron injection electrode are trapped on the surface of the nanoparticles and cannot be injected into the light-emitting layer, which may reduce the electron injection and transport efficiency. In addition, defect-assisted non-radiative recombination or Auger-type non-radiative recombination occurs in the quantum dot light-emitting layer adjacent to the metal oxide layer, resulting in a problem of reduced light-emitting efficiency.

[0099] The composition according to the present invention includes a ligand represented by Chemical Formula 1 on the surface of the metal oxide, thereby reducing the number of electron trap sites on the surface of the metal oxide and improving the electron injection efficiency into the light-emitting layer.

[0100] Therefore, when a light-emitting device is manufactured using the composition, the problem that the electrical characteristics change over time during the driving of the light-emitting device due to chemical reactions such as oxygen adsorption on the surface of the metal oxide can be solved. Through this, the light-emitting device manufactured using the composition can have excellent driving characteristics, for example, a low driving voltage, high efficiency and / or a long lifespan.

[0101] According to one implementation example, based on 100 wt% of the metal oxide nanoparticles, the concentration of the ligand in the composition may be 0.5 wt% or more, 0.6 wt% or more, 0.7 wt% or more, 0.8 wt% or more, 0.9 wt% or more, or 1 wt% or more, but not limited thereto.

[0102] According to one implementation example, based on 100 wt% of the metal oxide nanoparticles, the concentration of the ligand in the composition may be less than 20 wt%, 19 wt% or less, 18 wt% or less, 17 wt% or less, 16 wt% or less, or 15 wt% or less, but not limited thereto.

[0103] Solvent

[0104] The composition includes a solvent. The type of the solvent is not limited as long as it can appropriately disperse the nanomaterial.

[0105] For example, the solvent may be an organic solvent.

[0106] Specifically, the solvent may be selected from alcohol solvents, chlorine solvents, ether solvents, ester solvents, ketone solvents, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, but not limited thereto.

[0107] More specifically, the solvent may include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol; chlorine solvents such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, anisole, 4-methylanisole, and butyl phenyl ether; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, and phenyl benzoate; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and acetophenone; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, dodecane, hexadecane, and octadecane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, n-hexylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, and tetralin; or any combination thereof, but not limited thereto.

[0108] Based on the total weight of the composition, the content of the solvent in the composition may be 80 wt% or more to 99.5 wt% or less, specifically, 90 wt% or more to 99 wt% or less, but not limited thereto. If the foregoing range is satisfied, the nanomaterial can be appropriately dispersed in the composition and can have a solid component concentration suitable for solution processes.

[0109] The viscosity of the composition may be 1 cP to 10 cP. The composition satisfying the viscosity range may be suitable for manufacturing the metal oxide layer of a light-emitting element by a solution process.

[0110] The surface tension of the composition may be from 10 dynes / cm to 40 dynes / cm. The composition satisfying the surface tension range may be suitable for forming a metal oxide layer of a light-emitting element by a solution process.

[0111] [Light-emitting element]

[0112] A light-emitting element may be provided, including: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a light-emitting layer; and a metal oxide layer formed using the above composition.

[0113] According to one implementation example, the light-emitting layer may include quantum dots.

[0114] In this specification, quantum dots mean crystals of semiconductor compounds and may include any substance that can emit light of various emission wavelengths according to the crystal size.

[0115] The quantum dots in the light-emitting layer may include II-VI group semiconductor compounds, III-V group semiconductor compounds, III-VI group semiconductor compounds, I-III-VI group semiconductor compounds, IV-VI group semiconductor compounds, group IV elements or compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0116] Examples of the II-VI group semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS; quaternary compounds such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0117] Examples of the III-V semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. On the other hand, the III-V semiconductor compounds may further include group II elements. Examples of the III-V semiconductor compounds further including group II elements may include InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP, etc.

[0118] Examples of the III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as GaS, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3, InTe; ternary compounds such as InGaS3, InGaSe3; or any combination thereof.

[0119] Examples of the I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2; or any combination thereof.

[0120] Examples of the IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0121] The group IV elements or compounds may include: single elements such as Si, Ge; binary compounds such as SiC, SiGe; or any combination thereof.

[0122] Each element included in the multicomponent compounds such as the binary compound, ternary compound, and quaternary compound may exist in the particles at a uniform concentration or a non-uniform concentration.

[0123] On the other hand, the quantum dots may have a single structure with a uniform concentration of each element included in the corresponding quantum dots or a core-shell dual structure. For example, the substance included in the core and the substance included in the shell may be different from each other.

[0124] According to an embodiment, the core may include at least one of Zn, Te, Se, Cd, In, and P. For example, the core may include InP, InZnP, ZnSe, ZnTeS, ZnSeTe, or any combination thereof.

[0125] The shell of the quantum dots may function as a protective layer for preventing chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor characteristics and / or as a charging layer for imparting electrophoretic characteristics to the quantum dots. The shell may be a single layer or a multi-layer. The interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the elements present in the shell decreases as it approaches the center.

[0126] Examples of the shell of the quantum dots may include oxides of metals, metalloids, or non-metals, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof. Examples of the oxides of the metals, metalloids, or non-metals may include binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, NiO; ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, CoMn2O4; or any combination thereof. Examples of the semiconductor compounds may include II-VI group semiconductor compounds, III-V group semiconductor compounds, III-VI group semiconductor compounds, I-III-VI group semiconductor compounds, IV-VI group semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof as described in this specification. For example, the semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, ZnSeTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0127] According to an embodiment, the shell may have a composition different from that of the core and include ZnS, ZnSe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, ZnSeTe, or any combination thereof.

[0128] The quantum dots may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or about 30 nm or less. Within this range, color purity or color reproducibility can be improved. In addition, since the light emitted by such quantum dots is emitted omnidirectionally, a wide viewing angle can be improved.

[0129] According to one implementation example, the diameter of the quantum dots may be about 1 nm to about 20 nm. When the quantum dots satisfy the average particle size range as described above, not only can the characteristic behavior of the quantum dots be performed, but also excellent dispersibility in the composition can be achieved. In addition, the form of the quantum dots may specifically be in the form of spherical, pyramid-shaped, multi-arm, or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplatelet particles, etc.

[0130] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the band gap can be adjusted, so that light in various wavelength ranges can be obtained in the quantum dot light-emitting layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots of different sizes from each other, a light-emitting element that emits light of various wavelengths can be realized. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots may be selected to emit red, green, and / or blue light. In addition, the size of the quantum dots may be configured such that light of various colors is combined to emit white light.

[0131] The quantum dots can be synthesized by a wet chemical process, a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process, a molecular beam epitaxy process, or a process similar thereto.

[0132] The wet chemical process is a method of growing quantum dot particle crystals after mixing an organic solvent and a precursor substance. During the crystal growth, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant distributed on the surface of the quantum dot crystals. Since the growth of the crystals is adjusted, it is easier than vapor deposition methods such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and the growth of quantum dot particles can be controlled by a low-cost process.

[0133] The light-emitting layer may include a single layer of quantum dots. For example, the light-emitting layer may include 2 to 20 single layers of quantum dots.

[0134] The thickness of the light-emitting layer may be about 5 nm to 200 nm, 10 nm to 150 nm, for example, 10 nm to 100 nm.

[0135] For example, the metal oxide layer may be a layer formed using a composition according to an embodiment. The metal oxide layer may be formed by an inkjet process.

[0136] According to an embodiment, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, the light-emitting element may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the light-emitting layer and an electron transport region disposed between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode, and the hole transport region or the electron transport region includes the metal oxide layer.

[0137] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emission assisting layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof. The metal oxide layer may be at least one selected from the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, the light-emission assisting layer, and the electron blocking layer.

[0138] The electron transport region may include at least one layer selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron adjusting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. The metal oxide layer may be at least one selected from the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer.

[0139] According to an embodiment, the electron transport layer or the electron injection layer may include the metal oxide layer.

[0140] According to an embodiment, the metal oxide layer may be formed to be in direct contact with the light-emitting layer. For example, after forming the light-emitting layer, the metal oxide layer may be formed on the light-emitting layer. Alternatively, after forming the metal oxide layer, the light-emitting layer may be formed on the metal oxide layer.

[0141] According to an embodiment, the light-emitting layer may include quantum dots. When a metal oxide layer is formed on the quantum dot light-emitting layer using the above-described composition, a quantum dot light-emitting element with reduced surface damage of the quantum dots and improved light-emitting characteristics can be fabricated.

[0142] [Regarding Figure 1 explanation]

[0143] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. The light-emitting element 10 includes a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0144] Hereinafter, with reference to Figure 1 the structure and manufacturing method of the light-emitting element 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described as follows.

[0145] [First electrode 110]

[0146] A substrate can be further disposed below the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 150 of Figure 1 . As the substrate, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate can be used. Alternatively, the substrate can be a flexible substrate. For example, it can include plastics with excellent heat resistance and durability such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphtalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0147] The first electrode 110 can be formed, for example, by providing a first electrode material above the substrate using an evaporation method, a sputtering method, or the like. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a high work function material that is easy for hole injection can be used as the first electrode material.

[0148] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. To form the transmissive electrode, i.e., the first electrode 110, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof can be used as the first electrode material. Alternatively, to form the semi-transmissive electrode or the reflective electrode, i.e., the first electrode 110, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof can be used as the first electrode material.

[0149] The first electrode 110 can have a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers. For example, the first electrode 110 can have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0150] [Intermediate layer 130]

[0151] An intermediate layer 130 is disposed above the first electrode 110. The intermediate layer 130 includes a light-emitting layer.

[0152] The intermediate layer 130 can further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode 110 and the light-emitting layer and an electron transport region disposed between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode 150.​​

[0153] The intermediate layer 130 may further include metal-containing compounds such as organometallic compounds, inorganic substances such as quantum dots, etc., in addition to various organic substances.

[0154] On the other hand, the intermediate layer 130 may include i) two or more emitting units stacked in sequence between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and ii) a charge generation layer disposed between the two emitting units. When the intermediate layer 130 includes the emitting units and the charge generation layer as described above, the light-emitting element 10 may be a tandem light-emitting element.

[0155] [Hole transport region in the intermediate layer 130]

[0156] The hole transport region may have i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single substance, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer including a plurality of different substances from each other, or iii) a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers containing a plurality of different substances from each other.

[0157] The electron transport region may include the metal oxide layer as described above.

[0158] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emission assisting layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0159] For example, the hole transport region may have a multilayer structure of a hole injection layer / hole transport layer, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light-emission assisting layer, a hole injection layer / light-emission assisting layer, a hole transport layer / light-emission assisting layer, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer stacked in sequence from the first electrode 110.

[0160] The hole transport region may include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 201, a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0161] <Chemical Formula 201>

[0162]

[0163] <Chemical Formula 202>

[0164]

[0165] In the chemical formulas 201 and 202,

[0166] L 201 to L 204 are each independently an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0167] L 205 is *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 20 alkylene, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 20 alkenylene, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0168] xa1 to xa4 are each independently one of the integers from 0 to 5,

[0169] xa5 is one of the integers from 1 to 10,

[0170] R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 are each independently an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0171] R 201 and R 202 optionally are linked to each other by a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C5 alkylene or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C5 alkenylene to form an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C8-C 60 polycyclic group (e.g., a carbazole group, etc.) (e.g., refer to the following compound HT16, etc.),

[0172] R 203 and R 204Optionally, they are connected to each other through a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C1-C5 alkylene group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C2-C5 alkenylene group to form an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C8-C 60 polycyclic group, and na1 can be one of the integers from 1 to 4.

[0173] For example, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by the following chemical formulas CY201 to CY217:

[0174]

[0175] In the chemical formulas CY201 to CY217, for R 10b and R 10c , the descriptions are respectively referred to the descriptions of R 10a in this specification. The rings CY201 to CY204 are independently of each other a C3-C 20 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 20 heterocyclic group. At least one hydrogen in the chemical formulas CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or substituted by R 10a as described in this specification.

[0176] According to one implementation example, the rings CY201 to CY204 in the chemical formulas CY201 to CY217 may be independently of each other a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group or an anthracene group.

[0177] According to another implementation example, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0178] According to still another implementation example, the chemical formula 201 may respectively include at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0179] According to still another implementation example, it may be that xa1 in the chemical formula 201 is 1, R 201 is a group represented by one of the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 is 0, and R 202 is a group represented by one of the chemical formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0180] According to yet another implementation example, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0181] According to yet another implementation example, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203, and includes at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0182] As yet another example, each of the chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0183] For example, the hole transport region may include one of the following compounds HT1 to HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated -NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, TCTA (4,4’,4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine), Pani / DBSA (Polyaniline / Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), PEDOT / PSS (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / Poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), Pani / CSA (Polyaniline / Camphor sulfonic acid), PANI / PSS (Polyaniline / Poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), or any combination thereof:

[0184]

[0185]

[0186]

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] The thickness of the hole transport region may be about to about For example, about to about can be that when the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer is about to about For example, about to about the thickness of the hole transport layer is about to about For example, about to about When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer satisfy the ranges described above, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in the driving voltage.

[0190] The light-emission assisting layer is a layer that functions to compensate for the optical resonance distance caused by the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting layer to improve the light emission efficiency, and the electron blocking layer is a layer that functions to prevent electrons from leaking from the light-emitting layer to the hole transport region. Substances that may be included in the above-described hole transport region may be included in the light-emission assisting layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0191] [p-dopant]

[0192] In addition to the substances described above, the hole transport region may include a charge-generation substance in order to improve conductivity. The charge-generation substance may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed (for example, in the form of a single layer consisting of the charge-generation substance) in the hole transport region.

[0193] The charge-generation substance may be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0194] For example, the LUMO energy level of the p-dopant may be -3.5 eV or less.

[0195] According to one implementation example, the p-dopant may include a quinone derivative, a cyanide compound, a compound containing element EL1 and element EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0196] Examples of the quinone derivative may include TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, etc.

[0197] Examples of the cyanide compound may include HAT-CN, a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 221, etc.

[0198]

[0199] <Chemical Formula 221>

[0200]

[0201] In the chemical formula 221, it may be that

[0202] R 221 to R 223 are each independently an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0203] The R 221 to R 223 at least one of which are each independently cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C substituted by cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof 20 alkyl; or C3-C substituted by any combination thereof 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0204] In the compound containing element EL1 and element EL2, it may be that element EL1 is a metal, a metalloid or a combination thereof, and element EL2 is a non-metal, a metalloid or a combination thereof.

[0205] Examples of the metal may include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.); post-transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); lanthanide metals (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.).

[0206] Examples of the metalloid may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), etc.

[0207] Examples of the non-metal may include oxygen (O), halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I, etc.), etc.

[0208] For example, the compound containing element EL1 and element EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, metal iodides, etc.), metalloid halides (e.g., metalloid fluorides, metalloid chlorides, metalloid bromides, metalloid iodides, etc.), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0209] Examples of the metal oxides may include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.), rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.), etc.

[0210] Examples of the metal halides may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, etc.

[0211] Examples of the alkali metal halides may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, etc.

[0212] Examples of the alkaline earth metal halides may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, etc.

[0213] Examples of the transition metal halides may include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, TaBr3, TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReBr2, ReI2, etc.), iron halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2, etc.), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2, etc.), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2, etc.), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2, etc.), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2, etc.), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, IrBr2, IrI2, etc.), nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, etc.), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2, etc.), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2, etc.), copper halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.), gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.), etc.

[0214] Examples of the post-transition metal halides may include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.), tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.), etc.

[0215] Examples of the lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3 SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3 SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, SmI3, etc.

[0216] Examples of the metalloid halide may include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0217] Examples of the metal telluride may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li2Te, Na2Te, K2Te, Rb2Te, Cs2Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe2, ZrTe2, HfTe2, V2Te3, Nb2Te3, Ta2Te3, Cr2Te3, Mo2Te3, W2Te3, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, FeTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.), lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.).

[0218] [Light-emitting layer in the intermediate layer 130]

[0219] When the light-emitting element 10 is a full-color light-emitting element, the light-emitting layer may be patterned into a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, and / or a blue light-emitting layer according to each sub-pixel. At least one of the light-emitting layers may include quantum dots as described above. For example, the green light-emitting layer may be a quantum dot light-emitting layer including quantum dots, and the blue light-emitting layer and the red light-emitting layer may be organic light-emitting layers respectively including organic compounds.

[0220] Alternatively, the light-emitting layer may have a structure in which two or more of the red light-emitting layer, the green light-emitting layer, and the blue light-emitting layer are in contact with each other or are stacked with spaces therebetween. It may be that at least one of the two or more light-emitting layers is a quantum dot light-emitting layer including quantum dots, and the remaining light-emitting layers are organic light-emitting layers including organic compounds, etc., and various deformations can be made.

[0221] [Electron transport region in the intermediate layer 130]

[0222] The electron transport region may have i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single substance, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer including a plurality of different substances from each other, or iii) a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers containing a plurality of different substances from each other.

[0223] The electron transport region may include the metal oxide layer as described above.

[0224] Alternatively, the electron transport region may include, for example, ZnO, TiO2, WO3, SnO2, In2O3, Nb2O5, Fe2O3, CeO2, SrTiO3, Zn2SnO4, BaSnO3, In2S3, ZnSiO, PC60BM, PC70BM, Mg-doped ZnO (ZnMgO), Al-doped ZnO (AZO), Ga-doped ZnO (GZO), In-doped ZnO (IZO), Al-doped TiO2, Ga-doped TiO2, In-doped TiO2, Al-doped WO3, Ga-doped WO3, In-doped WO3, Al-doped SnO2, Ga-doped SnO2, In-doped SnO2, Mg-doped In2O3, Al-doped In2O3, Ga-doped In2O3, Mg-doped Nb2O5, Al-doped Nb2O5, Ga-doped Nb2O5, Mg-doped Fe2O3, Al-doped Fe2O3, Ga-doped Fe2O3, In-doped Fe2O3, Mg-doped CeO2, Al-doped CeO2, Ga-doped CeO2, In-doped CeO2, Mg-doped SrTiO3, Al-doped SrTiO3, Ga-doped SrTiO3, In-doped SrTiO3, Mg-doped Zn2SnO4, Al-doped Zn2SnO4, Ga-doped Zn2SnO4, In-doped Zn2SnO4, Mg-doped BaSnO3, Al-doped BaSnO3, Ga-doped BaSnO3, In-doped BaSnO3, Mg-doped In2S3, Al-doped In2S3, Ga-doped In2S3, In-doped In2S3, Mg-doped ZnSiO, Al-doped ZnSiO, Ga-doped ZnSiO, In-doped ZnSiO, or any combination thereof.

[0225] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron modulating layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof. At this time, the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron modulating layer, the electron transport layer, or the electron injection layer may be the metal oxide layer, or at least one layer in any combination of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron modulating layer, and the electron transport layer may be the metal oxide layer.

[0226] For example, the electron transport region may have a structure such as an electron transport layer / electron injection layer, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, an electron modulating layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer stacked in sequence from the light-emitting layer.

[0227] The electron transport region (e.g., the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron modulating layer, or electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound containing at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group (πelectron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group).

[0228] For example, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Chemical Formula 601 below.

[0229] <Chemical Formula 601>

[0230] [Ar 601 xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 xe21

[0231] In Chemical Formula 601,

[0232] Ar 601 and L 601 are each independently an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0233] xe11 is 1, 2, or 3,

[0234] xe1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5,

[0235] R 601 is an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ), -C(=O)(Q 601 ), -S(=O)2(Q 601 ), or -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0236] Regarding the Q 601 ​​To Q 603 For the descriptions of

[0237] the Ar 601 , L 601 and R 601 at least one of them is independently an unsubstituted or R 10a substituted nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 π-electron-deficient cyclic group.

[0238] For example, when xe11 in the chemical formula 601 is 2 or more, two or more Ars 601 can be connected to each other by a single bond.

[0239] As another example, Ar in the chemical formula 601 601 can be a substituted or unsubstituted anthracene group.

[0240] As yet another example, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by the following chemical formula 601-1:

[0241] <Chemical formula 601-1>

[0242]

[0243] In the chemical formula 601-1, it can be that

[0244] X 614 is N or C(R 614 ), X 615 is N or C(R 615 ), X 616 is N or C(R 616 ), X 614 to X 616 at least one of them is N,

[0245] For the descriptions of L 611 to L 613 refer to the descriptions of the L 601 respectively,

[0246] For the descriptions of xe611 to xe613, refer to the descriptions of the xe1 respectively,

[0247] For the descriptions of R 611 to R 613 refer to the descriptions of the R 601 respectively,

[0248] R 614 to R 616Each independently is hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0249] For example, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in the chemical formulas 601 and 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0250] The electron transport region may include one of the following compounds ET1 to ET45, BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Alq3, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:

[0251]

[0252]

[0253]

[0254] The thickness of the electron transport region may be about to about For example, about to about When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron regulating layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron regulating layer are each independently about to about For example, about to about The thickness of the electron transport layer is about to about For example, about to about When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron regulating layer, the electron transport layer, and / or the electron transport region satisfy the ranges described above, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in the driving voltage.

[0255] The electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include a metal-containing substance in addition to the substances described above.

[0256] The metal-containing substance may include an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The metal ion of the alkali metal complex may be a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, an Rb ion, or a Cs ion, and the metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex may be a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, or a Ba ion. The ligands assigned to the metal ions of the alkali metal complex and the alkaline earth metal complex may independently include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0257] For example, the metal-containing substance may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, the following compounds ET-D1(LiQ) or ET-D2:

[0258]

[0259] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 150.

[0260] The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single substance, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer including a plurality of different substances, or iii) a multilayer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different substances.

[0261] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0262] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0263] The alkali metal compound, alkaline earth metal compound, and rare earth metal compound may include oxides, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, etc.), tellurides of each of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal, or any combination thereof.

[0264] The alkali metal compound may include alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Cs2O, K2O, alkali metal halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal compound may include alkaline earth metal compounds such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1), Ba x Ca 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1). The rare earth metal compound may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. Alternatively, the rare earth metal compound may include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of the lanthanide metal tellurides may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, Lu2Te3, etc.

[0265] The alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, and rare earth metal complex may include i) one of the ions of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal as described above and ii) a ligand that binds to the metal ion, such as hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0266] The electron injection layer may be composed only of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal compound, alkaline earth metal compound, rare earth metal compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex as described above, or any combination thereof, or may further include an organic substance (e.g., the compound represented by Chemical Formula 601).

[0267] According to one implementation example, the electron injection layer i) may consist of an alkali metal compound (e.g., alkali metal halide), or ii) may consist of a) an alkali metal compound (e.g., alkali metal halide); and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron injection layer may be a co-evaporated layer of KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, LiF:Yb, etc.

[0268] When the electron injection layer further includes an organic substance, the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal compound, alkaline earth metal compound, rare earth metal compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in a matrix including the organic substance.

[0269] The thickness of the electron injection layer may be about to about about to about When the thickness of the electron injection layer satisfies the range described above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in the driving voltage.

[0270] [Second Electrode 150]

[0271] A second electrode 150 is disposed above the intermediate layer 130 as described above. The second electrode 150 may be an electron injection electrode, i.e., a cathode. However, in this case, as the material for the second electrode 150, a metal, alloy, conductive compound, or any combination thereof having a low work function may be used.

[0272] The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmissive electrode, semi-transmissive electrode, or reflective electrode.

[0273] The second electrode 150 may have a single layer, i.e., a single-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure having multiple layers.

[0274] [Cover Layer]

[0275] It may be that a first cover layer is disposed outside the first electrode 110 and / or a second cover layer is disposed outside the second electrode 150. Specifically, the light-emitting element 10 may have a structure in which a first cover layer, a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, and a second electrode 150 are stacked in sequence, a structure in which a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, a second electrode 150, and a second cover layer are stacked in sequence, or a structure in which a first cover layer, a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, a second electrode 150, and a second cover layer are stacked in sequence.

[0276] The light generated from the light-emitting layer in the intermediate layer 130 of the light-emitting element 10 can be extracted to the outside through the semi-transmissive electrode or the transmissive electrode, i.e., the first electrode 110 and the first cover layer, and the light generated from the light-emitting layer in the intermediate layer 130 of the light-emitting element 10 can be extracted to the outside through the semi-transmissive electrode or the transmissive electrode, i.e., the second electrode 150 and the second cover layer.

[0277] The first cover layer and the second cover layer can serve to improve the external light-emitting efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference. Thereby, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting element 10 can be improved, and thus the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting element 10 can be improved.

[0278] Each of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may include a substance having a refractive index of 1.6 or more (at 589 nm).

[0279] The first cover layer and the second cover layer may independently be an organic cover layer including an organic substance, an inorganic cover layer including an inorganic substance, or an organic-inorganic composite cover layer including an organic substance and an inorganic substance.

[0280] At least one of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may independently include a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino-containing compound, porphine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amino-containing compound are optionally substituted with substituents including O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. According to one implementation example, at least one of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may independently include an amino-containing compound.

[0281] For example, at least one of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may independently include a compound represented by Chemical Formula 201, a compound represented by Chemical Formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0282] According to yet another implementation example, at least one of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may independently include one of the compounds HT28 to HT33, one of the following compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any of their compounds:

[0283]

[0284] [Film]

[0285] The condensed ring compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be included in various films. Accordingly, on the other hand, a film including the condensed ring compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be provided. The film may be, for example, an optical component (or, a light control mechanism) (e.g., a color filter, a color conversion component, a cover layer, a light extraction efficiency improvement layer, a selective light absorption layer, a polarization layer, a layer containing quantum dots, etc.), a light shielding component (e.g., a light reflection layer, a light absorption layer, etc.), a protection component (e.g., an insulating layer, a dielectric layer, etc.), etc.

[0286] [Electronic device]

[0287] The light-emitting element may be included in various electronic devices. For example, the electronic device including the light-emitting element may be a light-emitting device, an authentication device, etc.

[0288] The electronic device (e.g., a light-emitting device), in addition to the light-emitting element, may further include i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or the color conversion layer may be disposed in at least one of the traveling directions of the light emitted from the light-emitting element. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting element may be blue light or white light. The description of the light-emitting element refers to the above content. According to one implementation example, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. The quantum dots may be, for example, the quantum dots described in this specification.

[0289] The electronic device may include a first substrate. It may be that the first substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter includes a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the color conversion layer includes a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0290] A pixel defining film may be disposed between the plurality of sub-pixel regions to define each sub-pixel region.

[0291] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter regions and a light-shielding pattern disposed between the plurality of color filter regions, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion regions and a light-shielding pattern disposed between the plurality of color conversion regions.

[0292] The plurality of color filter regions (or, the plurality of color conversion regions) may include: a first region that emits a first color light; a second region that emits a second color light; and / or a third region that emits a third color light, and the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. For example, the plurality of color filter regions (or, the plurality of color conversion regions) may include quantum dots. Specifically, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include quantum dots. For the description of quantum dots, refer to the content described in this specification. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include a scatterer.

[0293] For example, the light-emitting element may emit a first light, the first region may absorb the first light and thus emit a 1-1 color light, the second region may absorb the first light and thus emit a 2-1 color light, and the third region may absorb the first light and thus emit a 3-1 color light. At this time, the 1-1 color light, the 2-1 color light, and the 3-1 color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. Specifically, the first light may be blue light, the 1-1 color light may be red light, the 2-1 color light may be green light, and the 3-1 color light may be blue light.

[0294] In addition to the light-emitting element described above, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, and any one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to any one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the light-emitting element.

[0295] The thin-film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, etc.

[0296] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, etc.

[0297] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting element. The sealing portion may be disposed between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting element. The sealing portion may allow light from the light-emitting element to be extracted to the outside while blocking external gas and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting element. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin film encapsulation layer including one or more organic layers and / or inorganic layers. When the sealing portion is a thin film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0298] On the sealing portion, in addition to the color filter and / or color conversion layer, various functional layers may be further disposed according to the use of the electronic device. Examples of the functional layer may include a touch screen layer, a polarization layer, etc. The touch screen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touch screen layer, an electrostatic touch screen layer, or an infrared touch screen layer. The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual using biometric information (e.g., fingertips, pupils, etc.) of a living being.

[0299] The authentication device may further include a biometric information collection mechanism in addition to the light-emitting element as described above.

[0300] The electronic device may be applied as various displays, light sources, illuminations, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, electronic game consoles, medical devices (e.g., electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, glucometers, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram display devices, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, endoscope display devices), fish finders, various measuring devices, instruments (e.g., instruments for vehicles, airplanes, ships), projectors, etc.

[0301] [Regarding Figure 2 and Figure 3 description]

[0302] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to an implementation example of the present invention.

[0303] Figure 2 The light-emitting device of includes a substrate 100, a thin film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting element, and an encapsulation portion 300 for sealing the light-emitting element.

[0304] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 may serve to prevent impurities from penetrating through the substrate 100 and provide a flat surface above the substrate 100.

[0305] A thin film transistor (TFT) may be disposed on the buffer layer 210. The thin film transistor (TFT) may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0306] The active layer 220 may include an inorganic semiconductor such as silicon or polysilicon, an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and includes a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.

[0307] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed above the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed above the gate insulating film 230.

[0308] An interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed above the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 is disposed between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to insulate them.

[0309] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed to be connected to the exposed source region and drain region of the active layer 220.

[0310] Such a thin film transistor (TFT) may be electrically connected to a light-emitting element to drive the light-emitting element, and is covered with a passivation layer 280 for protection. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. A light-emitting element is provided on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0311] The first electrode 110 may be disposed on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may be configured to expose a predetermined region without covering the entire drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be disposed to be connected to the exposed drain electrode 270.

[0312] A pixel defining film 290 including an insulator may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 may expose a predetermined region of the first electrode 110, and the intermediate layer 130 may be formed in the exposed region. The pixel defining film 290 may be an organic film such as polyimide or polyacrylic acid series. Although Figure 2 not shown, a part or more of the layers in the intermediate layer 130 may extend above the pixel defining film 290 and be disposed in the form of a common layer.

[0313] A second electrode 150 may be disposed on the intermediate layer 130, and a cover layer 170 may be further formed on the second electrode 150. The cover layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0314] An encapsulation part 300 may be disposed on the cover layer 170. The encapsulation part 300 may be disposed on the light-emitting element to protect the light-emitting element from moisture or oxygen. The encapsulation part 300 may include an inorganic film containing silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof, an organic film containing polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resin (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.), epoxy resin (e.g., AGE (aliphatic glycidyl ether), etc.), or any combination thereof, or a combination of an inorganic film and an organic film.

[0315] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to another implementation example of the present invention.

[0316] Figure 3 The light-emitting device, except that a light-shielding pattern 500 and a functional region 400 are further disposed above the encapsulation part 300, is the same as the Figure 2 light-emitting device. The functional region 400 may be i) a color filter region, ii) a color conversion region, or iii) a combination of a color filter region and a color conversion region. According to one implementation example, the light-emitting element included in the Figure 3 light-emitting device may be a series-connected light-emitting element.

[0317] [Description for Figure 4

[0318] Figure 4 ​FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 1, as a device for displaying moving images or still images, can be not only a portable electronic device such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet personal computer, a mobile communication terminal, an electronic notebook, an e-book, a PMP (portable multimedia player), or a navigator, a UMPC (Ultra Mobile PC), but also various products or parts thereof such as a television, a portable computer, a monitor, a billboard, or the internet of things (IOT). In addition, the electronic device 1 can be a wearable device or a part thereof such as a smart watch, a watch phone, a glasses-type display, or a head mounted display (HMD). Obviously, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device 1 can be a CID (Center Information Display) configured on the dashboard of a car, the center fascia of a car, or the instrument panel, a room mirror display replacing the side view mirror of a car, an in-vehicle entertainment device for the back seat of a car, or a display configured on the back of the front seat, a Head Up Display (HUD) provided in front of the vehicle or projected onto the front windshield, or a Computer Generated Hologram Augmented Reality Head Up Display (CGH AR HUD). For ease of explanation, Figure 4 a case where the electronic device 1 is a smart phone is shown.

[0319] The electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The display device can implement an image through an array of a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally in the display area DA.

[0320] The non-display area NDA, as an area where no image is displayed, may entirely surround the display area DA. In the non-display area NDA, a driver or the like for supplying an electrical signal or power to a display element configured in the display area DA may be arranged. In the non-display area NDA, a pad, which is an area capable of electrically connecting electronic components or a printed circuit board, etc., may be arranged.

[0321] The length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction of the electronic device 1 may be different from each other. As an example, as Figure 4 shown, the length in the x-axis direction may be shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. As still another example, the length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction may be the same. As still another example, the length in the x-axis direction may be longer than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0322] [Regarding Figure 5 the descriptions of 6a to 6c]

[0323] Figure 5 FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing the exterior of a vehicle 1000 which is an electronic device including a light-emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 6a to 6c FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically showing the interior of the vehicle 1000 according to various embodiments of the present invention.

[0324] Referring to Figure 5 , Figure 6a , Figure 6b and Figure 6c , the vehicle 1000 may mean various devices that move a transported body such as a human, an article, or an animal from a starting point to a destination. The vehicle 1000 may include vehicles traveling on roads or tracks, ships moving on seas or rivers, and airplanes flying in the sky using the action of air, etc.

[0325] The vehicle 1000 may travel on a road or a track. The vehicle 1000 may move in a predetermined direction according to the rotation of at least one wheel. For example, the vehicle 1000 may include a three-wheeled or four-wheeled automobile, construction machinery, a two-wheeled automobile, a prime mover device, a bicycle, and a train traveling on a track.

[0326] The vehicle 1000 may include a body having interior and exterior parts and a chassis which is the remaining part except the body and is provided with mechanical devices required for traveling. The exterior parts of the body may include a front panel, a hood, a roof panel, a rear panel, a trunk, and a filler provided at the boundary between doors. The chassis of the vehicle 1000 may include a power generation device, a power transmission device, a traveling device, a steering device, a braking device, a suspension device, a transmission device, a fuel device, front, rear, left, and right wheels, etc.

[0327] The vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side mirrors 1300, a combination meter 1400, a center console 1500, a co-driver's instrument panel 1600, and a display device 2.

[0328] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 may be divided by a filler disposed between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200.

[0329] The side window glass 1100 can be disposed on the side of the vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, the side window glass 1100 can be disposed on the door of the vehicle 1000. There can be a plurality of side window glasses 1100, and they can face each other. In one embodiment, the side window glass 1100 can include a first side window glass 1110 and a second side window glass 1120. In one embodiment, the first side window glass 1110 can be arranged adjacent to the combination meter 1400. The second side window glass 1120 can be arranged adjacent to the co-driver instrument panel 1600.

[0330] In one embodiment, the side window glasses 1100 can be spaced apart from each other in the x direction or the -x direction. For example, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 can be spaced apart from each other in the x direction or the -x direction. In other words, the virtual straight line L connecting the side window glasses 1100 can extend in the x direction or the -x direction. For example, the virtual straight line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 can extend in the x direction or the -x direction.

[0331] The front window glass 1200 can be disposed in front of the vehicle 1000. The front window glass 1200 can be arranged between the side window glasses 1100 that face each other.

[0332] The side view mirror 1300 can provide a view of the rear of the vehicle 1000. The side view mirror 1300 can be disposed on the exterior part of the vehicle body. In one implementation example, there can be a plurality of side view mirrors 1300. Any one of the plurality of side view mirrors 1300 can be arranged outside the first side window glass 1110. Another one of the plurality of side view mirrors 1300 can be arranged outside the second side window glass 1120.

[0333] The combination meter 1400 can be located in front of the steering wheel. The combination meter 1400 can be configured with a tachometer, a speedometer, a coolant temperature gauge, a fuel gauge, a turn signal indicator, a high beam indicator, a warning light, a seat belt warning light, an odometer, a driving recorder, an automatic shift lever indicator, a door open warning light, an engine oil warning light, and / or a low fuel warning light.

[0334] The center console 1500 can include a control panel configured with a plurality of buttons for adjusting an audio device, an air conditioning device, and a seat heater. The center console 1500 can be arranged on one side of the combination meter 1400.

[0335] The co-pilot instrument panel 1600 can be separated from the combination instrument 1400 by the center console 1500. In one embodiment, the combination instrument 1400 can be configured to correspond to the driver's seat (not shown), and the co-pilot instrument panel 1600 can be configured to correspond to the co-pilot seat (not shown). In one implementation, the combination instrument 1400 can be adjacent to the first side window glass 1110, and the co-pilot instrument panel 1600 can be adjacent to the second side window glass 1120.

[0336] In one embodiment, the display device 2 can include a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 can display an image. The display device 2 can be configured inside the vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, the display device 2 can be configured between the side window glasses 1100 facing each other. The display device 2 can be configured on at least any one of the combination instrument 1400, the center console 1500, and the co-pilot instrument panel 1600.

[0337] The display device 2 can include an organic light emitting display device (Organic Light Emitting Display), an inorganic EL display device (Inorganic Light Emitting Display), a quantum dot display device (Quantum dotdisplay), etc. Hereinafter, as the display device 2 according to one implementation example of the present invention, an organic light emitting display device including a light emitting element according to the present invention will be described as an example, but the embodiments of the present invention can use display devices in various ways as described above.

[0338] Refer to Figure 6a , the display device 2 can be configured on the center console 1500. In one implementation, the display device 2 can display navigation information. In one implementation, the display device 2 can display information related to audio, video, or vehicle settings.

[0339] Refer to Figure 6b , the display device 2 can be configured on the combination instrument 1400. In this case, the combination instrument 1400 can represent operation information and the like through the display device 2. That is, the combination instrument 1400 can be implemented digitally. The digitally implemented combination instrument 1400 can display vehicle information and driving information through images. For example, the pointer of the tachometer, the gauges, and various warning light icons can be displayed through digital signals.

[0340] Refer to Figure 6c, the display device 2 can be disposed on the co-pilot instrument panel 1600. The display device 2 can be embedded in the co-pilot instrument panel 1600 or located on the co-pilot instrument panel 1600. In one implementation example, the display device 2 disposed on the co-pilot instrument panel 1600 can display an image related to the information displayed in the combination meter 1400 and / or the information displayed in the center console 1500. In another implementation example, the display device 2 disposed on the co-pilot instrument panel 1600 can display information different from the information displayed in the combination meter 1400 and / or the information displayed in the center console 1500.

[0341] [Manufacturing method]

[0342] Each layer included in the hole transport region, the light-emitting layer, and each layer included in the electron transport region can be formed in a predetermined region by various methods such as vacuum evaporation, spin coating, casting, LB method (Langmuir-Blodgett), inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser thermal transfer (Laser Induced Thermal Imaging, LITI).

[0343] When forming each layer included in the hole transport region, the light-emitting layer, and each layer included in the electron transport region by vacuum evaporation respectively, the evaporation conditions can be selected, for example, within the range of an evaporation temperature of about 100 to about 500 °C, a degree of vacuum of about 10 -8 to about 10 -3 torr, and an evaporation rate of about 0.01 to about , considering the material included in the layer to be formed and the structure of the layer to be formed.

[0344] [Definition of terms]

[0345] In this specification, the C3-C 60 carbocyclic group means a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms in which only carbon atoms are ring-forming atoms, and the C1-C 60 heterocyclic group means a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms in which heteroatoms are also included as ring-forming atoms in addition to carbon. The C3-C 60 carbocyclic group and the C1-C 60 heterocyclic group can each be a monocyclic group consisting of 1 ring or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings are condensed with each other. For example, the number of ring-forming atoms of the C1-C 60 heterocyclic group can be 3 to 61.

[0346] In this specification, the cyclic group includes all of the C3-C 60 carbocyclic group and the C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0347] In this specification, a C3-C 60 cyclic group (πelectron-rich C3-C 60 cyclic group) means a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms that does not include *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety, and a C1-C 60 nitrogen-containing cyclic group (πelectron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group) means a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms that includes *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety.

[0348] For example,

[0349] the C3-C 60 carbocyclic group may be i) group T1 or ii) a condensed ring group in which two or more groups T1 are condensed with each other (e.g., a cyclopentadiene group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a benzene group, a bicyclopentadiene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a heptalene group, a tetracene group, a picene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spirobifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, an indenophenanthrene group, or an indenanthracene group),

[0350] the C1-C 60The heterocyclic group may be i) group T2, ii) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of two or more groups T2 with each other, or iii) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of one or more groups T2 and one or more groups T1 with each other (e.g., pyrrole group, thiophene group, furan group, indole group, benzindole group, naphthindole group, isoindole group, benzisoindole group, naphthisoindole group, benzosilole group, benzothiophene group, benzofuran group, carbazole group, dibenzosilole group, dibenzothiophene group, dibenzofuran group, indeno-carbazole group, indolocarbazole group, benzofurocarbazole group, benzothiophenocarbazole group, benzosilolecarbazole group, benzindolocarbazole group, benzocarbazole group, benzonaphthofuran group, benzonaphthothiophene group, benzonaphthosilole group, benzofurodibenzofuran group, benzofurodibenzothiophene group, benzothiophenedibenzothiophene group, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benzisoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, benzoisoquinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoxaline group, quinazoline group, benzoquinazoline group, phenanthroline group, cinnoline group, phthalazine group, naphthyridine group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazine group, imidazopyrazine group, imidazopyridazine group, azacarbazole group, azafluorene group, azadibenzosilole group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzofuran group, etc.),

[0351] The C3-C with excess π electrons 60 The cyclic group may be i) group T1, ii) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of two or more groups T1 with each other, iii) group T3, iv) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of two or more groups T3 with each other, or v) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of one or more groups T3 and one or more groups T1 with each other (e.g., the C3-C 60carbocyclic group, 1H-pyrrole group, silole group, borole group, 2H-pyrrole group, 3H-pyrrole group, thiophene group, furan group, indole group, benzindole group, naphthindole group, isoindole group, benzisoindole group, naphthobenzisoindole group, benzosilole group, benzothiophene group, benzofuran group, carbazole group, dibenzosilole group, dibenzothiophene group, dibenzofuran group, indolocarbazole group, indolocarbazole group, benzofurocarbazole group, benzothienocarbazole group, benzosilolocarbazole group, benzindolocarbazole group, benzocarbazole group, benzonaphthofuran group, benzonaphthothiophene group, benzonaphthosilole group, benzofurodibenzofuran group, benzofurodibenzothiophene group, benzothienodibenzothiophene group, etc.)

[0352] The nitrogen-containing C1-C with π-electron deficiency 60 The cyclic group can be i) group T4, ii) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of two or more group T4 with each other, iii) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of one or more group T4 and one or more group T1 with each other, iv) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of one or more group T4 and one or more group T3 with each other, or v) a condensed ring group formed by condensation of one or more group T4, one or more group T1, and one or more group T3 with each other (for example, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benzisoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, benzoisoquinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoxaline group, quinazoline group, benzoquinazoline group, phenanthroline group, cinnoline group, phthalazine group, naphthyridine group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazine group, imidazopyrazine group, imidazopyridazine group, azacarbazole group, azafluorene group, azadibenzosilole group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzofuran group, etc.)

[0353] It may be that the group T1 is a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclobutene group, a cyclopentene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a cycloheptene group, an adamantane group, a norbornane (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group or a benzene group,

[0354] the group T2 is a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group, a borole group, a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an aza-silole group, an aza-borole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a tetrazine group, a pyrrolidine group, an imidazolidine group, a dihydropyrrole group, a piperidine group, a tetrahydropyridine group, a dihydropyridine group, a hexahydropyrimidine group, a tetrahydropyrimidine group, a dihydropyrimidine group, a piperazine group, a tetrahydropyrazine group, a dihydropyrazine group, a tetrahydropyridazine group or a dihydropyridazine group,

[0355] the group T3 is a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group or a borole group,

[0356] the group T4 is a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an aza-silole group, an aza-borole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group or a tetrazine group.

[0357] In this specification, the so-called cyclic group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C3-C cyclic group with excessive π electrons or C1-C nitrogen-containing cyclic group with deficient π electrons 60 60 ​The term "cyclic group" can be a group, monovalent group, or polyvalent group (e.g., divalent group, trivalent group, tetravalent group, etc.) that is condensed to any cyclic group according to the structure of the chemical formula in which the term is used. For example, a "benzene group" can be a benzo group, phenyl group, phenylene group, etc., but it can be easily understood by those skilled in the art according to the structure of the chemical formula including the "benzene group".

[0358] For example, monovalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 examples of heterocyclic groups can include C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic groups, divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 examples of heterocyclic groups can include C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, C6-C 60 arylene, C1-C 60 heteroarylene, divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and divalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic groups.

[0359] In this specification, C1-C 60 alkyl means a straight-chain or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodecyl, sec-decyl, tert-decyl, etc. In this specification, C1-C 60 alkylene means a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C 60 alkyl.

[0360] In this specification, C2-C 60 alkenyl means C2-C 60A monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the middle or at the end of the alkyl group, specific examples of which include vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, etc. In this specification, C2-C 60 Alkenylene means a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C 60 alkenyl group.

[0361] In this specification, C2-C 60 Alkynyl means a monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds in the middle or at the end of the C2-C 60 alkyl group, specific examples of which include ethynyl, propynyl, etc. In this specification, C2-C 60 Alkynylene means a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C 60 alkynyl group.

[0362] In this specification, C1-C 60 Alkoxy means a monovalent group having the chemical formula -OA 101 (wherein A 101 is the C1-C 60 alkyl group), specific examples of which include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc.

[0363] In this specification, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl means a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, specific examples of which include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantanyl, norbornanyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, etc. In this specification, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenylene means a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group.

[0364] In this specification, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl means a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and including at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms, specific examples of which include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrobenzothio, etc. In this specification, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene means a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C 10A divalent group having the same structure of a heterocycloalkyl group.

[0365] In this specification, C3-C 10 A cycloalkenyl group, as a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, means a group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring but not having aromaticity. Specific examples thereof include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, etc. In this specification, C3-C 10 A cycloalkenylene group means a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group.

[0366] In this specification, C1-C 10 A heteroalkenyl group is a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms and has at least one double bond in the ring. Specific examples of the C1-C 10 heteroalkenyl group include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuryl, 2,3-dihydrobenzothienyl, etc. In this specification, C1-C 10 A heteroalkenylene group means a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C 10 heteroalkenyl group.

[0367] In this specification, C6-C 60 An aryl group means a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system with 6 to 60 carbon atoms, C6-C 60 An arylene group means a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system with 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The C6-C 60 Specific examples of the aryl group include phenyl, bicyclopentadienyl, naphthyl, azulene, indacenyl, acenaphthylenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, anthracenyl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, heptacenyl, tetraphenyl, picenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubicenyl, coronenyl, ovalenyl, etc. When the C6-C 60 aryl group and the C6-C 60 arylene group include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be condensed with each other.

[0368] In this specification, C1-C 60 A heteroaryl group means a monovalent group having a heteroaromatic system with 1 to 60 carbon atoms that includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms, C1-C 60 A heteroarylene group means a divalent group having a heteroaromatic system with 1 to 60 carbon atoms that includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms. The C1-C60 Specific examples of the heteroaryl group include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, etc. When the C1-C 60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C 60 When the heteroarylene group includes two or more rings, the two or more rings may be condensed with each other.

[0369] In the present specification, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group means a monovalent group in which two or more rings are condensed with each other, including only carbon as ring-forming atoms, and the whole molecule has non-aromaticity (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms). Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include indenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indenoanthracenyl, indenoanthracenyl, etc. In the present specification, a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group means a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0370] In the present specification, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group means a monovalent group in which two or more rings are condensed with each other, including at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms, and the whole molecule has non-aromaticity (for example, having 1 to 60 carbon atoms). Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include pyrrolyl, phenylthio, furyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthylindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthylisoindolyl, benzosilolyl, benzophenylthio, benzofuryl, carbazolyl, dibenzosilolyl, dibenzophenylthio, dibenzofuryl, azacarbazolyl, azafuryl, azadibenzosilolyl, azadibenzophenylthio, azadibenzofuryl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indolocarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofurocarbazolyl, benzothienocarbazolyl, benzosilolocarbazolyl, benzindolocarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthofuryl, benzonaphthophenylthio, benzonaphthosilolyl, benzofurodibenzofuryl, benzofurodibenzophenylthio, benzothienodibenzophenylthio, etc. In the present specification, a divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group means a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0371] In the present specification, C6-C 60 Aryloxy means -OA 102 (wherein A 102 is the C6-C 60 aryl), the C6-C 60 Arylthio means -SA 103 (wherein A 103 is the C6-C 60 aryl).

[0372] In the present specification, C7-C 60 Aralkyl means -A 104 A 105 (wherein A 104 is C1-C 54 alkylene, A 105 is C6-C 59 aryl), in the present specification, C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl means -A 106 A 107 (wherein A106 is C1-C 59 alkylene, A 107 is C1-C 59 heteroaryl).

[0373] In this specification, "R 10a " can be:

[0374] deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0375] unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C7-C 60 aralkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11 )、-S(=O)2(Q 11 )、-P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof-substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0376] unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C7-C 60 aralkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O)2(Q 21 )、-P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C7-C 60 aralkyl or C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl; or

[0377] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ).

[0378] In this specification, Q1 to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 、Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 can each independently be hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxy; cyano; nitro; C1-C 60 alkyl; C2-C 60 alkenyl; C2-C 60 alkynyl; C1-C 60 alkoxy; or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 alkyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof.

[0379] In this specification, heteroatom means any atom other than carbon atom. Examples of the heteroatom include B, O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se or any combination thereof.

[0380] In this specification, "Ph" means phenyl, "Me" means methyl, "Et" means ethyl, "tert-Bu" or "Bu t " means tert-butyl, and "OMe" means methoxy group.

[0381] In this specification, "biphenyl" means "phenyl substituted by phenyl". The "biphenyl" belongs to "substituted phenyl" with substituent being "C6-C 60 aryl".

[0382] In this specification, "terphenyl" means "phenyl substituted by biphenyl". The "terphenyl" belongs to "substituted phenyl" with substituent being "C6-C 60 aryl substituted by C6-C 60 aryl".

[0383] In this specification, as long as there is no different definition, * and *' mean the bonding positions with adjacent atoms in the corresponding chemical formula or moiety.

[0384] In this specification, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes on an orthogonal coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broad sense including them. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may be orthogonal to each other, but may also refer to different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0385] Hereinafter, synthesis examples and examples are given to more specifically illustrate the composition and light-emitting element according to one implementation example of the present invention.

[0386] [Examples]

[0387] Comparative Production Example 1

[0388] For the synthesis of ZnMgO nanoparticles, zinc acetate dihydrate (1.0427 g) and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.0536 g) were used in 30 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide and then stirred. And, a solution in which 1.359 g of tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate (TMAH) was dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol was injected into the solution under strong stirring. After the mixed solution was stirred and maintained at a temperature of 30 °C for 2 hours and 30 minutes, the synthesized ZnMgO nanoparticles were precipitated for about 1 hour. After the solution was centrifuged at 4000 rpm in a centrifuge for about 5 minutes, the finally precipitated nanoparticles were dispersed in ethanol.

[0389] Production Example 1

[0390] After adding 0.5 wt% of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to the mixed solution prepared in Comparative Production Example 1 based on 100 wt% of ZnMgO nanoparticles, the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 30 °C for about 12 hours. The stirred solution was the final mixed solution of Production Example 1.

[0391] Production Example 2

[0392] After adding 1 wt% of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to the mixed solution prepared in Comparative Production Example 1 based on 100 wt% of ZnMgO nanoparticles, the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 30 °C for about 12 hours. The stirred solution was the final mixed solution of Production Example 2.

[0393] Production Example 3

[0394] After adding 5 wt% of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to the mixed solution prepared in Comparative Production Example 1 based on 100 wt% of ZnMgO nanoparticles, the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 30 °C for about 12 hours. The stirred solution was the final mixed solution of Production Example 3.

[0395] Production Example 4

[0396] After adding 10 wt% of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to the mixed solution prepared in Comparative Production Example 1 based on 100 wt% of ZnMgO nanoparticles, the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 30 °C for about 12 hours. The stirred solution was the final mixed solution of Production Example 4.

[0397] Production Example 5

[0398] After adding 20 wt% of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to the mixed solution prepared in Comparative Production Example 1 based on 100 wt% of ZnMgO nanoparticles, the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 30 °C for about 12 hours. The stirred solution was the final mixed solution of Production Example 5.

[0399] Comparative Production Example 2

[0400] After adding 5 wt% of acrylate based on 100 wt% of ZnMgO nanoparticles to the mixed solution prepared in Comparative Production Example 1, the mixture was stirred well at 30 °C for about 12 hours. The stirred solution was the final mixed solution of Comparative Production Example 2.

[0401]

Table 1

[0402] Ligand concentration Production Example 1 0.5 wt% Production Example 2 1 wt% Production Example 3 5 wt% Production Example 4 10 wt% Production Example 5 20 wt% Comparative Production Example 1 - Comparative Production Example 2 5 wt%

[0403] Manufacture of Membrane A and Membrane B

[0404] The ink of Comparative Production Example 1 was spin-coated on a glass substrate at a speed of 2000 rpm and the substrate was dried at 100 °C for 30 minutes in a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere to form Measurement Film A. The ink of Production Example 3 was spin-coated on a glass substrate in the same manner to form Film B, respectively.

[0405] Manufacture of Membrane C1, Membrane C2 and Membrane D

[0406] The ink of Comparative Production Example 1 was spin-coated on a glass substrate at a speed of 2000 rpm and the substrate was dried at 100 °C for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a measurement film. Then, a red quantum dot solution dispersed in toluene at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was spin-coated at a speed of 4000 rpm and the substrate was dried at 70 °C for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to form Film C1. In addition, except for using the ink of Comparative Production Example 2 instead of the ink of Comparative Production Example 1, Film C2 was formed by the same method as the manufacturing method of Film C1.

[0407] Film D was formed by spin-coating the ink of Production Example 3 on a glass substrate at a speed of 2000 rpm and drying the substrate at 100 °C for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a measurement film. Then, a red quantum dot solution dispersed in toluene at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was spin-coated at a speed of 4000 rpm and the substrate was dried at 70 °C for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a film.

[0408] Evaluation Example 1. Observation of surface roughness

[0409] To observe the surface roughness, atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement was carried out. The AFM measurement was performed in a non-contact mode using the NX10 model of Park systems company. The results of observing the fabricated Film A with AFM are shown in Figure 7a and the results of observing the fabricated Film B with AFM are shown in Figure 7bIn

[0410] Referring to Figure 7a and Figure 7b It can be confirmed that, compared with film A, film B exhibits similar roughness, and even when using the composition according to the present invention, it does not affect the surface form.

[0411] Evaluation Example 2. Measurement of contact angle

[0412] The contact angles of film A and film B were measured by a contact angle measuring instrument DSA100 model of KRUSS company. For accurate measurement, after manufacturing film A and film B, air exposure was minimized and the measurement was carried out immediately. The results of measuring the contact angles of the manufactured film A and film B are shown in Figure 8a and Figure 8b In

[0413] Referring to Figure 8a and Figure 8b It can be confirmed that the contact angle of film B increases by about 7 degrees compared with the contact angle of film A. However, based on this, it can be confirmed that the functional group of HEMA, that is, the hydroxyl group, is bonded to the metal oxide surface to form a dipole.

[0414] Evaluation Example 3. PL measurement

[0415] The photoluminescence (PL) of film A and film B was measured, and the results are shown in Figure 9a In. Referring to Figure 9a It can be confirmed that the peak at 550 nm generated by the oxygen adsorption site increases. Based on this, it can be confirmed that when using the composition according to the present invention, the surface oxygen adsorption sites of the metal oxide are effectively passivated.

[0416] In addition, the PL of film C1, film C2 and film D was measured, and the results are shown in Figure 9b In. Referring to Figure 9b It can be confirmed that the PL intensity of film D increases compared with that of film C1 and film C2, but it means that the oxygen adsorption sites at the interface of film D decrease.

[0417] Evaluation Example 4. Measurement of oxygen 1s peak

[0418] XPS analysis was carried out by an electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) equipment of Kratos Axis Supra company. Films A and B were prepared for XPS surface analysis, and the bonds to the metal oxide lattice (O M ) and oxygen vacancies (O V) The positions of oxygen (O H ) in the hydroxide are specified as 529.1 eV, 530.8 eV, and 531.8 eV respectively.

[0419] The oxygen 1s peak values of film A and film B were measured by XPS, and the results are shown in Figure 10a and Figure 10b . Referring to Figure 10a and Figure 10b , it can be confirmed that, compared with film A, the proportion of oxygen bonded to oxygen vacancies (O V ) and the oxygen (O H ) in the hydroxide in film B increases. This increase in O V means an increase in electron concentration.

[0420] Evaluation Example 6. Energy level measurement

[0421] UPS analysis was performed using an electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) instrument from Kratos Axis Supra. Films A and B were prepared for UPS surface analysis, and the lowest binding energy's distinct cut-off was considered to measure the energy levels.

[0422] The energy levels of film A and film B were measured, and the results are shown in Figure 11 . Referring to Figure 11 , it can be confirmed that the energy level of film B increases by 0.7 eV compared with that of film A. This is due to the formation of a dipole by the hydroxyl groups of the ligands on the metal oxide surface, and thus, the electron injection barrier can be reduced to improve the performance of the light-emitting device.

[0423] Evaluation Example 7. Measurement of current density of EOD

[0424] The electrical characteristics were compared by the method of measuring the current density while applying a voltage to an Electron only device (EOD) with the structure of ITO / film C / Al (EOD-C) or ITO / film D / Al (EOD-D). The results of measuring the current density of the EOD are shown in Figure 12 .

[0425] Referring to Figure 12 , it can be confirmed that the current density of the EOD using film D increases compared with that of the EOD using film C.

[0426] Example 1

[0427] An ITO glass substrate (50X50 mm, 15 Ω / m, product of Samsung Corning Co., Ltd.) was ultrasonically cleaned successively with distilled water and isopropyl alcohol, and then subjected to UV-ozone cleaning for 30 minutes. After spin-coating the composition according to the above-mentioned Production Example 1 on the cleaned glass substrate with the transparent electrode lines attached thereto to form a film, it was baked at 120 °C for 30 minutes to form an electron transport layer.

[0428] After spin-coating a composition containing InP quantum dots on the above-mentioned electron transport layer to form a film, it was baked at 140 °C for 10 minutes to form a light-emitting layer.

[0429] On the above-mentioned light-emitting layer, TCTA (tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine) was vacuum-evaporated to form a hole transport layer. On the above-mentioned hole transport layer, MoO3 was vacuum-evaporated to form a hole injection layer. On the above-mentioned hole injection layer, Al was vacuum-evaporated to form an anode, thereby fabricating a light-emitting device.

[0430] Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Example 1

[0431] When forming the electron transport layer, except for using the composition described in Table 2 below, a light-emitting device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 above.

[0432]

Table 2

[0433] Electron transport layer composition Ligand concentration Example 1 Production Example 1 0.5 wt% Example 2 Production Example 2 1 wt% Example 3 Production Example 3 5 wt% Example 4 Production Example 4 10 wt% Example 5 Production Example 5 20 wt% Comparative Example 1 Comparative Production Example 1 -

[0434] Evaluation Example 8. Evaluation of light-emitting element characteristics

[0435] The external quantum efficiency (EQE) and lifetime (hr) of the light-emitting devices according to Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 above at a current of 10 mA / cm 2 were measured, and the results are shown in Figure 13a and Figure 13b . As the evaluation apparatus, a current-voltage meter (Keithley SMU 236), a voltmeter (Keithley 2000), a calibrated silicon photodiode, and a luminance meter CS-1000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. were used. The lifetime was measured using the M3600 apparatus manufactured by McScience Co., Ltd. with the initial luminance (L0) of 2000 cd / m 2 as a reference.

[0436] Refer to Figure 13aIt can be confirmed that the light-emitting elements according to Embodiments 1 to 4 exhibit a higher external quantum efficiency than the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 1.

[0437] Refer to Figure 13b It can be confirmed that the light-emitting elements according to Embodiments 1 to 4 exhibit a longer lifespan than the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 1.

Claims

1. A composition, wherein include: Nanomaterials; and solvents, The nanomaterials include: metal oxides; and a ligand disposed on the surface of the metal oxide, The ligand includes a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: <Chemical Formula 1> In the chemical formula 1, L1 is *-C(R 11 )(R 12 )-*'or*-C(R 11 )=C(R 12 )-*', L2 is *-O-*' or *-C(=O)-*', The * and *' are bonding sites to the adjacent atoms respectively, a1 is an integer from 1 to 5. When a1 is 2 or more, the 2 or more L1s are the same or different from each other. a2 is an integer of 0 or 1. When a2 is 0, L2 does not exist. R1 is never substituted or replaced by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 Alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Select from heterocyclic groups, R 11 and R 12 are independently hydrogen, deutrium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 Alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C 60 arylthio, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), * is the bonding site with the surface of the metal oxide, The R 10a yes: Deutz, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano or nitro; Unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11 )、-S(=O)2(Q 11 )、-P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof substituted with C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy; Unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O)2(Q 21 )、-P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof substituted with C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy or C6-C 60 arylthio; or -If(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To the Q 13 Q 21 To the Q 23 And the Q 31 To the Q 33 are independently hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; C1-C2-1-1 which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof. 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy; unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted by alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein a1 is 1 or 2.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R1 is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C 60 Aryl.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R1 is unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, C1-C 10 Alkyl, C2-C 10 C1-C 20 Alkyl, C2-C 20 Alkenyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl or C6-C 20 Aryl.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R 11 and R 12 are independently hydrogen, deuterium, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or C2-C 10 Alkenyl.

6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein L1 is *-C(R 11 )(R 12 )-*, a1 is 1 or 2, R 11 and R 12 are independently hydrogen, deuterium or C1-C5 alkyl.

7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The ligand includes a group represented by any one of the following Chemical Formulae 1A to 1F, In the chemical formulae 1A to 1F, * is a bonding site to the surface of the metal oxide.

8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein Based on 100 wt % of the metal oxide nanoparticles, the concentration of the ligand in the composition is less than 20 wt %.

9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The concentration of the ligand in the composition is greater than or equal to 0.1 wt % and less than or equal to 15 wt % based on 100 wt % of the metal oxide nanoparticles.

10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The metal oxide includes Zn, Ti, Zr, Sn, W, Ta, Ni, Mo, Cu, Mg, Co, Mn, Y, Al, Fe, Ge, Pb, Cr or any combination thereof.

11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The metal oxide is represented by the following chemical formula 2: <Chemical Formula 2> M p O q In the chemical formula 2, M is Zn, Ti, Zr, Sn, W, Ta, Ni, Mo, Cu or V, p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to 5.

12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The metal oxide is represented by the following chemical formula 2-1: <Chemical Formula 2-1> Zn (1-r) M' r O In the chemical formula 2-1, M' is Mg, Co, Ni, Zr, Mn, Sn, Y, Al, Fe, Ge, Pb, Cr or any combination thereof, r is a number greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.

5.

13. A light emitting element, wherein: include: a first electrode; a second electrode, opposite to the first electrode; an intermediate layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and comprising a light-emitting layer; as well as A metal oxide layer formed using the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The light emitting element according to claim 13, wherein The light emitting layer includes quantum dots.

15. The light emitting element according to claim 13, wherein The first electrode is an anode, The second electrode is a cathode, The intermediate layer further includes a hole transport region between the first electrode and the light emitting layer and an electron transport region between the light emitting layer and the second electrode. The hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer or any combination thereof. The electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron regulating layer or any combination thereof.

16. The light emitting element according to claim 15, wherein The hole transport region or the electron transport region includes a metal oxide layer formed using the composition of any one of claims 1 to 12.

17. The light emitting element according to claim 15, wherein The electron transport layer or the electron injection layer includes a metal oxide layer formed using the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

18. An electronic device, wherein: The light-emitting element comprises any one of claims 13 to 17.

19. The electronic device according to claim 18, wherein: The electronic device further comprises a thin film transistor, The thin film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode. The first electrode of the light emitting element is electrically connected to at least one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

20. The electronic device according to claim 19, wherein: The electronic device further includes a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarization layer, or any combination thereof.

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