Thermal management system and method and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal management system and method and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicle thermal management, and the system at least comprises a driving motor thermal management loop, a power battery thermal management loop and a first multi-way valve; the driving motor thermal management loop at least comprises a driving motor; the power battery thermal management loop at least comprises a power battery; and the first multi-way valve is arranged between the driving motor thermal management loop and the power battery thermal management loop. The driving motor heat management loop and the power battery heat management loop are integrated, when the power battery needs to be heated, heat of the driving motor heat management loop can be used for heating the power battery in an auxiliary mode, the power requirement for model selection of the electric heating module can be properly lowered, the cost of the whole vehicle is lowered, and in addition, the service life of the power battery is prolonged. Energy consumption during electric heating can be reduced, meanwhile, heat energy in a driving motor heat management loop is recycled, and the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle thermal management, and particularly to a thermal management system, method, and vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness, the market share of new energy vehicles is constantly expanding. New energy vehicles mainly powered by pure electricity rely on power batteries to provide energy. The optimal operating temperature of power batteries is around 25°C. When the temperature of the power battery is too low or too high, it cannot perform optimally. Therefore, new energy vehicles usually have both battery cooling and heating functions.

[0003] Currently, the existing thermal management architecture of new energy vehicles dissipates heat from the drive system and the power battery system respectively through independent liquid cycles, and uses an electric heating module as a single heat source to heat the power battery. Since the single heat source is mostly an electric heating module, and the electric heating module usually has a large power to meet the heating requirements, the module cost is high and the energy consumption is large. In addition, a large amount of heat energy in the vehicle is not utilized, and the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle is low because the activation of the heating module increases energy consumption under working conditions that require heating.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a thermal management system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle, method, electronic device, and medium with a fire prevention system to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] In a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a thermal management system is provided. The system at least includes: a drive motor thermal management circuit, a power battery thermal management circuit, and a first multi-way valve;

[0007] Wherein, the drive motor thermal management circuit at least includes: a drive motor;

[0008] The power battery thermal management circuit at least includes: a power battery;

[0009] The first multi-way valve is disposed between the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit;

[0010] When the power battery needs to be heated, the drive motor thermal management circuit is connected to the power battery thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve;

[0011] When the power battery needs to be cooled, the drive motor thermal management circuit is disconnected from the power battery thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve.

[0012] Optionally, the drive motor thermal management circuit further includes: a radiator; the system further includes: a second multi-way valve;

[0013] The second multi-way valve is disposed between the drive motor and the radiator; the radiator is connected between the water tank and the second multi-way valve;

[0014] When the drive motor needs to dissipate heat, the drive motor and the radiator are connected through the second multi-way valve.

[0015] Optionally, the system further includes: a refrigerant circulation circuit;

[0016] At least one heat exchanger is provided on the refrigerant circulation circuit;

[0017] Heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant circulation circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit through the heat exchanger to cool the power battery.

[0018] Optionally, the refrigerant circulation circuit includes a primary refrigerant circulation circuit and a secondary refrigerant circulation circuit;

[0019] The primary refrigerant circulation circuit is used for primary cooling when the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to a first preset temperature and less than a second preset temperature;

[0020] The secondary refrigerant circulation circuit is used for secondary cooling when the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature.

[0021] Optionally, the primary refrigerant circulation circuit is provided with: a primary refrigeration component, a first switching valve; the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit is provided with: a secondary refrigeration component, an air compressor, a second switching valve;

[0022] The air compressor is disposed between the primary refrigeration component, the secondary refrigeration component and the heat exchanger. The inlet of the air compressor is communicated with the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger, the outlet of the air compressor is communicated with the inlet of the secondary refrigeration component, the outlet of the secondary refrigeration component is communicated with the inlet of the second switching valve, the inlet of the primary refrigeration component is communicated with the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger, the outlet of the primary refrigeration component is communicated with the inlet of the first switching valve, the outlet of the first switching valve is communicated with the inlet of the second switching valve, and the outlet of the second switching valve is communicated with the inlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger.

[0023] Optionally, the first multi-way valve is provided with: a first liquid inlet, a second liquid inlet, a first liquid discharge port and a second liquid discharge port;

[0024] Among them, the driving motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit share the first multi-way valve;

[0025] When the temperature of the power battery is lower than the first preset temperature, the first liquid inlet is communicated with the first liquid outlet, and the second liquid inlet is communicated with the second liquid outlet, so that the driving motor thermal management circuit is communicated with the power battery thermal management circuit;

[0026] When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the first liquid inlet is communicated with the second liquid outlet, and the second liquid inlet is communicated with the first liquid outlet, so that the driving motor thermal management circuit is disconnected from the power battery thermal management circuit.

[0027] Optionally, a motor water pump is further arranged on the driving motor thermal management circuit; a battery water pump is further arranged on the power battery thermal management circuit;

[0028] The second multi-way valve is provided with a third liquid inlet, a third liquid outlet and a fourth liquid outlet;

[0029] The inlet of the motor water pump is respectively communicated with the outlet of the water tank, the third liquid outlet and the outlet of the radiator, the outlet of the motor water pump is communicated with the inlet of the driving motor, the outlet of the driving motor is communicated with the first liquid inlet, the inlet of the radiator is communicated with the fourth liquid outlet, the inlet of the battery water pump is communicated with the first liquid outlet, the outlet of the battery water pump is communicated with the inlet of the power battery, the outlet of the power battery is communicated with the inlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger, the outlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the second liquid inlet, and the second liquid outlet is communicated with the third liquid inlet.

[0030] Optionally, when the temperature of the power battery is less than the first preset temperature, the third liquid inlet is communicated with the third liquid outlet;

[0031] When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the third liquid inlet is communicated with the fourth liquid outlet.

[0032] Optionally, at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the driving motor thermal management circuit, the power battery thermal management circuit and the refrigerant circulation circuit;

[0033] Among them, the temperature sensor arranged on the driving motor thermal management circuit is used to measure the temperature of the driving motor, the temperature sensor arranged on the power battery thermal management circuit is used to measure the temperature of the power battery, and the temperature sensor arranged on the refrigerant circulation circuit is used to measure the temperature of the refrigerant after being refrigerated by the refrigerant circulation circuit.

[0034] In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a thermal management method is provided. The method is applied to the thermal management system described in the first aspect of the present application, and the method includes:

[0035] Obtain the temperature of the power battery in the power battery thermal management circuit and the temperature of the drive motor in the drive motor thermal management circuit respectively;

[0036] When the temperature of the power battery is less than the first preset temperature, connect the power battery thermal management circuit and the drive motor thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve, so that the drive motor thermal management circuit heats the power battery; or,

[0037] When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, disconnect the power battery thermal management circuit and the drive motor thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve, so that the drive motor thermal management circuit stops heating the power battery.

[0038] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0039] When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, and / or the temperature of the drive motor is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature, connect the drive motor to the radiator through the second multi-way valve, so that the radiator dissipates heat from the drive motor.

[0040] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0041] When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, control heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the primary refrigerant circulation circuit to perform primary cooling on the power battery; or,

[0042] When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, control heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit to perform secondary cooling on the power battery, where the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature.

[0043] In a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes the thermal management system described in the first aspect of the present application, and / or executes the thermal management method described in the second aspect of the present application.

[0044] The present application has the following advantages:

[0045] An embodiment of the present application provides a thermal management system, which at least includes: a drive motor thermal management circuit, a power battery thermal management circuit, and a first multi-way valve; wherein, the drive motor thermal management circuit at least includes: a drive motor; the power battery thermal management circuit at least includes: a power battery; the first multi-way valve is arranged between the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit; when the power battery needs to be heated, the drive motor thermal management circuit is connected to the power battery thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve; when the power battery needs to dissipate heat, the drive motor thermal management circuit is disconnected from the power battery thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve. By integrating the drive motor thermal management circuit with the power battery thermal management circuit, the present application can utilize the heat of the drive motor thermal management circuit to assist in heating the power battery when the power battery needs to be heated, which can appropriately reduce the power requirement for the selection of the electric heating module, reduce the vehicle cost, and can also reduce the energy consumption during electric heating, while recovering the heat energy in the drive motor thermal management circuit and improving the overall vehicle energy utilization efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the step flow of a thermal management method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a flow block diagram of a thermal management method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Description of the reference numerals: 10, first multi-way valve; 20, drive motor; 21, motor water pump; 30, power battery; 31, battery water pump; 40, radiator; 50, second multi-way valve; 60, water tank; 70, heat exchanger; 80, primary refrigeration component; 81, first switching valve; 90, secondary refrigeration component; 91, air compressor; 92, second switching valve; 101, first liquid inlet; 102, second liquid inlet; 103, first liquid outlet; 104, second liquid outlet; 105, third liquid inlet; 106, third liquid outlet; 107, fourth liquid outlet; 100, first temperature sensor; 110, second temperature sensor; 120, third temperature sensor; 130, fourth temperature sensor; 140, fifth temperature sensor; 150, sixth temperature sensor. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present application can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present application can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0052] In the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a thermal management system is provided, and the system at least includes: a drive motor thermal management loop, a power battery thermal management loop, and a first multi-way valve 10;

[0053] Wherein, the drive motor thermal management loop at least includes: a drive motor 20;

[0054] The power battery thermal management loop at least includes: a power battery 30;

[0055] The first multi-way valve 10 is disposed between the drive motor thermal management loop and the power battery thermal management loop;

[0056] When the power battery 30 needs to be heated, the drive motor thermal management loop is connected to the power battery thermal management loop through the first multi-way valve 10;

[0057] When the power battery 30 needs to be cooled, the drive motor thermal management loop is disconnected from the power battery thermal management loop through the first multi-way valve 10.

[0058] The present application provides a structural schematic diagram of a thermal management system as Figure 1 shown. As Figure 1 shown, the coolant flows through the loop connected by a straight line in the figure. When the coolant circulates in the loop of the straight line in the figure, the drive motor thermal management loop described in the present application is formed; similarly,Figure 1 The coolant also flows inside the single-dot dash line. When the coolant flows inside the single-dot dash line, the power battery thermal management circuit in the present application is formed. Figure 1 The refrigerant flows inside the double-dot dash line. When the refrigerant flows inside the double-dot dash line in the figure, the refrigerant circulation circuit in the present application is formed.

[0059] Specifically, in this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, a thermal management system is provided. Among them, the thermal management system at least includes a drive motor thermal management circuit, a power battery thermal management circuit, and a first multi-way valve 10 capable of integrating the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit. Specifically, the drive motor thermal management circuit at least includes a drive motor 20, and the power battery thermal management circuit at least includes a power battery 30. In this embodiment, when the temperature of the power battery 30 is too low, the drive motor thermal management circuit can be connected to the power battery thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve 10, so as to use the heat generated during the driving of the drive motor 20 in the drive motor thermal management circuit to heat the power battery 30. In practical applications, the media flowing in the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit are both coolants. Therefore, the principle of heating the power battery 30 through the drive motor thermal management circuit is that the coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit is heated by the heat generated when the drive motor 20 operates. When the power battery 30 needs to be heated, since the first multi-way valve 10 connects the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit, the heated coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit flows through the power battery thermal management circuit and exchanges heat with the coolant in the power battery thermal management circuit, thereby heating the power battery 30. When the temperature of the power battery 30 is too high, the drive motor thermal management circuit can be disconnected from the power battery thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve 10, so that the coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit cannot exchange heat with the coolant in the power battery thermal management circuit, and thus it is possible to avoid the drive motor thermal management circuit from heating the power battery 30.

[0060] By integrating the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit in the present application, when the power battery needs to be heated, the heat of the drive motor thermal management circuit can be used to assist in heating the power battery, which can appropriately reduce the power requirement for the selection of the electric heating module, reduce the vehicle cost, and can also reduce the energy consumption during electric heating, while recovering the heat energy in the drive motor thermal management circuit and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle. In addition, when the power battery needs to dissipate heat, the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit can be disconnected in time to avoid the drive motor thermal management circuit from heating the power battery.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the first multi-way valve 10 is provided with: a first liquid inlet 101, a second liquid inlet 102, a first liquid outlet 103, and a second liquid outlet 104;

[0062] Wherein, the driving motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit share the first multi-way valve 10;

[0063] When the temperature of the power battery 30 is lower than the first preset temperature, the first liquid inlet 101 is communicated with the first liquid outlet 103, and the second liquid inlet 102 is communicated with the second liquid outlet 104, so that the driving motor thermal management circuit is communicated with the power battery thermal management circuit;

[0064] When the temperature of the power battery 30 is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the first liquid inlet 101 is communicated with the second liquid outlet 104, and the second liquid inlet 102 is communicated with the first liquid outlet 103, so that the driving motor thermal management circuit is disconnected from the power battery thermal management circuit.

[0065] In this embodiment, the first multi-way valve 10 is provided with a first liquid inlet 101, a second liquid inlet 102, a first liquid outlet 103, and a second liquid outlet 104. In practical applications, the first multi-way valve 10 can be a four-way solenoid valve. In this embodiment, the driving motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit can share the first multi-way valve 10.

[0066] When the temperature of the power battery 30 is lower than the first preset temperature, the first liquid inlet 101 is communicated with the first liquid outlet 103, and the second liquid inlet 102 is communicated with the second liquid outlet 104, so that the driving motor thermal management circuit is communicated with the power battery thermal management circuit; when the temperature of the power battery 30 is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the first liquid inlet 101 is communicated with the second liquid outlet 104, and the second liquid inlet 102 is communicated with the first liquid outlet 103, so that the driving motor thermal management circuit is disconnected from the power battery thermal management circuit.

[0067] In this embodiment, the on-off between the first liquid inlet, the second liquid inlet, the first liquid outlet, and the second liquid outlet of the first multi-way valve can be controlled according to the temperature of the power battery to connect or disconnect the driving motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit, thereby realizing heating or cooling of the power battery.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the driving motor thermal management circuit further includes: a radiator 40; the system further includes: a second multi-way valve 50;

[0069] The second multi-way valve 50 is arranged between the driving motor 20 and the radiator 40; the radiator 40 is connected between the water tank 60 and the second multi-way valve 50;

[0070] When the drive motor 20 needs to dissipate heat, the drive motor 20 is connected to the radiator 40 through the second multi-way valve 50.

[0071] Specifically, continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown in the thermal management system, a radiator 40 is further provided in the drive motor thermal management loop, and the thermal management system further includes a second multi-way valve 50; wherein, the second multi-way valve 50 is arranged between the drive motor 20 and the radiator 40, and the radiator 40 is connected between the water tank 60 and the second multi-way valve 50.

[0072] In this embodiment, when the drive motor 20 needs to dissipate heat, the drive motor 20 is connected to the radiator 40 through the second multi-way valve 50. Therefore, the coolant in the drive motor thermal management loop can flow through the radiator 40, thereby cooling the coolant in the drive motor thermal management loop. Furthermore, when the cooled coolant flows through the drive motor 20, the drive motor 20 is cooled and dissipated.

[0073] In some embodiments, a motor water pump 21 is further provided on the drive motor thermal management loop; a battery water pump 31 is further provided on the power battery thermal management loop;

[0074] The second multi-way valve 50 is provided with a third liquid inlet 105, a third liquid discharge port 106 and a fourth liquid discharge port 107;

[0075] The inlet of the motor water pump 21 is respectively connected to the outlet of the water tank 60, the third liquid discharge port 106 and the outlet of the radiator 40. The outlet of the motor water pump 21 is connected to the inlet of the drive motor 20. The outlet of the drive motor 20 is connected to the first liquid inlet 101. The inlet of the radiator 40 is connected to the fourth liquid discharge port 107. The inlet of the battery water pump 31 is connected to the first liquid discharge port 103. The outlet of the battery water pump 31 is connected to the inlet of the power battery 30. The outlet of the power battery 30 is connected to the inlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger 70. The outlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger 70 is connected to the second liquid inlet 102. The second liquid discharge port 104 is connected to the third liquid inlet 105.

[0076] In this embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 1, a motor water pump 21 is provided on the drive motor thermal management loop, and a battery water pump 31 is provided on the power battery thermal management loop. Among them, the inlet of the motor water pump 21 is respectively connected to the outlet of the water tank 60, the third drain port 106, and the outlet of the radiator 40. The outlet of the motor water pump 21 is connected to the inlet of the drive motor 20. The outlet of the drive motor 20 is connected to the first inlet port 101. The inlet of the radiator 40 is connected to the fourth drain port 107. The inlet of the battery water pump 31 is connected to the first drain port 103. The outlet of the battery water pump 31 is connected to the inlet of the power battery 30. The outlet of the power battery 30 is connected to the inlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger 70. The outlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger 70 is connected to the second inlet port 102.

[0077] In this embodiment, the second multi-way valve 50 is provided with a third inlet port 105, a third drain port 106, and a fourth drain port 107. The inlet of the radiator 40 is connected to the fourth drain port 107. The second drain port 104 is connected to the third inlet port 105. The outlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger 70 is connected to the second inlet port 102.

[0078] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the power battery 30 is less than the first preset temperature, the third inlet port 105 is communicated with the third drain port 106;

[0079] When the temperature of the power battery 30 is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the third inlet port 105 is communicated with the fourth drain port 107.

[0080] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the temperature of the power battery 30 is lower than the first preset temperature, the following measures can be taken: communicate the third inlet port with the third drain port. Thus, the coolant can bypass the radiator 40 and flow into the inlet of the motor water pump 21, thereby avoiding the radiator 40 from cooling and dissipating heat from the coolant, and further preserving the temperature of the coolant.

[0081] When the temperature of the power battery 30 reaches or exceeds the first preset temperature, since the drive motor thermal management loop and the power battery thermal management loop are in a disconnected state and the drive motor thermal management loop does not need to heat the power battery 30, the following measures can be taken: communicate the third inlet port 105 with the fourth drain port 107, so that the coolant from the drive motor thermal management loop flows through the radiator 40, and the radiator 40 cools and dissipates heat from the coolant, thereby reducing the temperature of the drive motor 20.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the system further includes: a refrigerant circulation loop;

[0083] At least one heat exchanger 70 is provided on the refrigerant circulation loop;

[0084] The refrigerant circulation loop exchanges heat with the power battery thermal management loop through the heat exchanger 70 to cool the power battery 30.

[0085] Continuing to refer to Figure 1 the thermal management system shown, which further includes a refrigerant circulation loop. Different from the drive motor thermal management loop and the power battery thermal management loop, the refrigerant circulates in the drive motor thermal management loop.

[0086] At least one heat exchanger 70 is provided on the refrigerant circulation loop, and heat exchange is carried out between the refrigerant circulation loop and the power battery thermal management loop through the heat exchanger 70. In this embodiment, when the temperature of the power battery 30 is too high and needs to dissipate heat, the coolant in the power battery thermal management loop and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation loop can exchange heat at the heat exchanger 70, so as to achieve the purpose of dissipating heat for the power battery 30. It should be noted that when the coolant and the refrigerant exchange heat at the heat exchanger 70, the coolant and the refrigerant flow in different pipes respectively and do not come into contact with each other.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the refrigerant circulation loop includes a primary refrigerant circulation loop and a secondary refrigerant circulation loop;

[0088] The primary refrigerant circulation loop is used for primary cooling when the temperature of the power battery 30 is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature;

[0089] The secondary refrigerant circulation loop is used for secondary cooling when the temperature of the power battery 30 is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature.

[0090] Specifically, in this embodiment, the refrigerant circulation loop as described above specifically includes a primary refrigerant circulation loop and a secondary refrigerant circulation loop; among them, the primary refrigerant circulation loop is used for primary cooling of the power battery 30 when the temperature of the power battery 30 is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature; the secondary refrigerant circulation loop is used for secondary cooling of the power battery 30 when the temperature of the power battery 30 is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature.

[0091] In this embodiment, by setting the refrigerant circulation loop as a primary refrigerant circulation loop and a secondary refrigerant circulation loop, and specifically selecting whether to turn on the primary refrigerant circulation loop or the secondary refrigerant circulation loop according to the temperature of the power battery 30, the energy consumption of the refrigerant circulation loop can be better optimized, and the effective heat dissipation of the power battery 30 can be ensured.

[0092] In some embodiments, the primary refrigerant circulation loop is provided with: a primary refrigeration component 80 and a first switching valve 81; the secondary refrigerant circulation loop is provided with: a secondary refrigeration component 90, an air compressor 91, and a second switching valve 92;

[0093] The air compressor 91 is disposed between the primary refrigeration component 80, the secondary refrigeration component 90, and the heat exchanger 70. The inlet of the air compressor 91 is communicated with the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70, the outlet of the air compressor 91 is communicated with the inlet of the secondary refrigeration component 90, the outlet of the secondary refrigeration component 90 is communicated with the inlet of the second switching valve 92, the inlet of the primary refrigeration component 80 is communicated with the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70, the outlet of the primary refrigeration component 80 is communicated with the inlet of the first switching valve 81, the outlet of the first switching valve 81 is communicated with the inlet of the second switching valve 92, and the outlet of the second switching valve 92 is communicated with the inlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70.

[0094] In this embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 1 the shown thermal management system. The refrigerant circulation loop provided in the thermal management system includes a primary refrigerant circulation loop and a secondary refrigerant circulation loop. Among them, the primary refrigerant circulation loop is provided with a primary refrigeration component 80 and a first switching valve 81, and the secondary refrigerant circulation loop is provided with a secondary refrigeration component 90, an air compressor 91, and a second switching valve 92. The flow direction of the refrigerant in the primary refrigerant circulation loop is: the refrigerant flows into the inlet of the primary refrigeration component 80 from the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70, flows out from the outlet of the primary refrigeration component 80, and finally flows through the first switching valve 81 and the second switching valve 92 and then flows back to the heat exchanger 70 through the inlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70; the flow direction of the refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant circulation loop is: the refrigerant flows into the inlet of the air compressor 91 from the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70, and flows into the inlet of the second refrigeration component 90 from the outlet of the air compressor 91, flows out from the outlet of the second refrigeration component 90 and then flows through the second switching valve 92, and finally flows back to the heat exchanger 70 through the inlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70. In this embodiment, the primary refrigerant circulation loop and the secondary refrigerant circulation loop share the second switching valve 92. It should be noted that in this embodiment, a temperature control valve is disposed between the air compressor 91, the primary refrigeration component 80, and the heat exchanger 70. When the temperature of the power battery 30 is between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, the vehicle controller can control the temperature control valve to connect the primary refrigerant circulation loop, and when the temperature of the power battery 30 exceeds the second preset temperature, the vehicle controller can control the temperature control valve to connect the secondary refrigerant circulation loop.

[0095] Such as Figure 1As shown, the air compressor 91 is disposed between the primary refrigeration assembly 80, the secondary refrigeration assembly 90, and the heat exchanger 70. The inlet of the air compressor 91 is communicated with the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70, the outlet of the air compressor 91 is communicated with the inlet of the secondary refrigeration assembly 90, the outlet of the secondary refrigeration assembly 90 is communicated with the inlet of the second switching valve 92, the inlet of the first switching valve 81 is communicated with the outlet of the primary refrigeration assembly 80, and the outlet of the second switching valve 92 is communicated with the inlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger 70.

[0096] In this embodiment, the primary refrigerant circulation loop includes the primary refrigeration assembly 80, the first switching valve 81, and the cold end of the heat exchanger 70. When the temperature of the power battery 30 is between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, the primary refrigerant circulation loop in the refrigerant circulation loop is opened, the first switching valve 81 is opened, and the refrigerant in the primary refrigerant circulation loop circulates within the primary refrigerant circulation loop. At this time, the coolant in the power battery thermal management loop exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the primary refrigerant circulation loop in the heat exchanger 70, thereby reducing the temperature of the power battery 30. The secondary refrigerant circulation loop includes the air compressor 91, the secondary refrigeration assembly 90, the second switching valve 92, and the cold end of the heat exchanger 70. When the temperature of the power battery 30 exceeds the second preset temperature, the secondary refrigerant circulation loop of the refrigerant circulation loop is opened, the air compressor 91 is opened, the second switching valve 92 is opened, and after the refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant circulation loop is refrigerated by the secondary refrigeration assembly 90, it flows through the cold end of the heat exchanger 70 through the second switching valve 92. The coolant in the power battery thermal management loop exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant circulation loop in the heat exchanger 70, thereby reducing the temperature of the power battery 30. In practical applications, the primary refrigerant circulation loop and the secondary refrigerant circulation loop do not coexist. However, the refrigerant in the primary refrigerant circulation loop and the refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant circulation loop are the same refrigerant.

[0097] In some preferred embodiments, at least one temperature sensor is further provided in the refrigerant circulation loop; wherein, the plurality of temperature sensors include: a first temperature sensor 100 and a second temperature sensor 110;

[0098] The first temperature sensor 100 is disposed on the primary refrigeration assembly 80 for measuring the temperature of the refrigerant after being refrigerated by the primary refrigeration assembly 80;

[0099] The second temperature sensor 110 is disposed on the secondary refrigeration assembly 90 for measuring the temperature of the refrigerant after being refrigerated by the secondary refrigeration assembly 90.

[0100] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, a first temperature sensor 100 and a second temperature sensor 110 are further provided on the refrigerant circulation loop. The first temperature sensor 100 is disposed on the first refrigerant circulation loop, and the second temperature sensor 110 is disposed on the second refrigerant circulation loop.

[0101] Specifically, the first temperature sensor 100 is disposed on the first refrigeration component 80 on the first refrigerant circulation loop for measuring the temperature of the refrigerant after being refrigerated by the first refrigeration component 80; the second temperature sensor 110 is disposed on the second refrigeration component 90 on the second refrigerant circulation loop for measuring the temperature of the refrigerant after being refrigerated by the second refrigeration component 90.

[0102] In this embodiment, the temperature of the refrigerant can be monitored by the temperature sensor, and the first refrigeration component or the second refrigeration component can be further controlled based on the monitored temperature of the refrigerant to reduce the temperature of the refrigerant, so as to better cool and dissipate heat from the power battery.

[0103] In some preferred embodiments, at least one temperature sensor is further provided on the drive motor thermal management loop. Among them, the multiple temperature sensors include: a third temperature sensor 120 and a fourth temperature sensor 130; the third temperature sensor 120 is located between the motor water pump 21 and the drive motor 20, and the fourth temperature sensor 130 is located between the drive motor 20 and the first multi-way valve 10;

[0104] The third temperature sensor 120 and the fourth temperature sensor 130 are used to measure the temperature of the drive motor 20.

[0105] In some embodiments, at least one temperature sensor is further provided on the power battery thermal management loop. Among them, the multiple temperature sensors include: a fifth temperature sensor 140 and a sixth temperature sensor 150;

[0106] The fifth temperature sensor 140 is located between the battery water pump 31 and the power battery 30, and the sixth temperature sensor 150 is located between the power battery 30 and the heat exchanger 70;

[0107] The fifth temperature sensor 140 and the sixth temperature sensor 150 are used to measure the temperature of the power battery 30.

[0108] Specifically, in this embodiment, the drive motor thermal management circuit is provided with a third temperature sensor 120 and a fourth temperature sensor 130. The third temperature sensor 120 is located between the motor water pump 21 and the drive motor 20 and is used to measure the temperature of the drive motor 20. The fourth temperature sensor 130 is located between the drive motor 20 and the first multi-way valve 10 and is also used to measure the temperature of the drive motor 20. In practical applications, the third temperature sensor 120 can measure the temperature of the coolant before entering the drive motor 20, and the fourth temperature sensor 130 can measure the temperature of the coolant after flowing through the drive motor 20. By comparing the measurement results of the fourth temperature sensor 130 and the third temperature sensor 120, the temperature change of the drive motor 20 can be judged, and further, it can be judged whether the drive motor 20 needs heat dissipation according to the temperature change of the drive motor 20.

[0109] The power battery thermal management circuit is provided with a fifth temperature sensor 140 and a sixth temperature sensor 150. Among them, the fifth temperature sensor 140 is located between the battery water pump 31 and the power battery 30 and is used to measure the temperature of the power battery 30. The sixth temperature sensor 150 is located between the power battery 30 and the heat exchanger 70 and is also used to measure the temperature of the power battery 30. In practical applications, the fifth temperature sensor 140 can measure the temperature of the coolant before entering the power battery 30, and the sixth temperature sensor 150 can measure the temperature of the coolant after flowing through the power battery 30. By comparing the measurement results of the fifth temperature sensor 140 and the sixth temperature sensor 150, the temperature change of the power battery 30 can be judged, and further, it can be judged whether the power battery 30 needs heating or heat dissipation according to the temperature change of the power battery 30.

[0110] In this embodiment, by respectively arranging multiple temperature sensors in the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit, the temperature of each component can be monitored more accurately in real time, and the thermal management strategy can be adjusted according to the needs to ensure that the entire thermal management system can better achieve thermal management control.

[0111] A thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a drive motor thermal management circuit, a power battery thermal management circuit, and a refrigerant circulation circuit. Among them, the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit are integrated through a first multi-way valve, and the power battery thermal management circuit and the refrigerant circulation circuit are integrated through a heat exchanger. When the drive motor thermal management circuit needs to be cooled separately, the drive motor can be connected to the radiator through the first multi-way valve and the second multi-way valve to cool the drive motor through the radiator. When the power battery needs to be heated, the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit are connected through the first multi-way valve to heat the power battery through the coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit. At the same time, the drive motor is disconnected from the radiator through the second multi-way valve, so as to prevent the radiator from cooling the coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit and achieve the purpose of heat preservation. When the temperature of the power battery needs to be cooled, the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit can be disconnected through the first multi-way valve to prevent the coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit from heating the power battery. At the same time, the refrigerant circulation circuit is used to cool the coolant in the power battery thermal management circuit to cool the power battery. In the present application, by integrating different circuits, not only can the heat of the drive motor thermal management circuit be used to assist in heating the power battery when the power battery needs to be heated, which can appropriately reduce the power requirement for the selection of the electric heating module, reduce the vehicle cost, and can also reduce the energy consumption during electric heating, while recovering the heat energy in the drive motor thermal management circuit and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle. It also has the function of cooling the power battery. In addition, integrating the drive motor thermal management circuit, the power battery thermal management circuit, and the refrigerant circulation circuit can simplify the pipeline layout, make the assembly simpler, easier to maintain and repair, and lower the vehicle cost.

[0112] Based on the same inventive concept, in the second aspect of the present application, a thermal management method is provided, which is applied to a vehicle controller. The method is as Figure 2 shown and includes:

[0113] Step S101, respectively obtain the temperature of the power battery in the power battery thermal management circuit and the temperature of the drive motor in the drive motor thermal management circuit;

[0114] Step S102, when the temperature of the power battery is less than the first preset temperature, connect the power battery thermal management circuit and the drive motor thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve so that the drive motor thermal management circuit heats the power battery; or,

[0115] Step S103: When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, disconnect the power battery thermal management circuit and the drive motor thermal management circuit through the first multi-way valve, so that the drive motor thermal management circuit stops heating the power battery.

[0116] Specifically, in this embodiment, referring to Figure 3 the flowchart of the thermal management method shown, the vehicle controller is used to obtain the temperature of the power battery in the power battery thermal management circuit and the temperature of the drive motor in the drive motor thermal management circuit respectively. In this embodiment, the vehicle controller obtains the temperature of the power battery from the fifth temperature sensor and the sixth temperature sensor arranged on both sides of the power battery, and obtains the temperature of the drive motor from the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor arranged on both sides of the drive motor.

[0117] Further, monitor whether the temperature of the power battery is less than the first preset temperature. If it is monitored that the temperature of the power battery is less than the first preset temperature, it means that the power battery needs to be heated. Then the vehicle controller controls the first inlet of the first multi-way valve to communicate with the first drain port, and the second inlet to communicate with the second drain port, so that the drive motor thermal management circuit is connected to the power battery thermal management circuit, so that the coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit flows into the power battery thermal management circuit, and then heats the power battery. If it is monitored that the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the vehicle controller controls the first inlet of the first multi-way valve to communicate with the second drain port, and the second inlet to communicate with the first drain port, so that the drive motor thermal management circuit is disconnected from the power battery thermal management circuit, thereby preventing the coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit from flowing into the power battery thermal management circuit, and further avoiding further heating of the power battery.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, when the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, and / or the temperature of the drive motor is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature, connect the drive motor to the radiator through the second multi-way valve, so that the radiator dissipates heat from the drive motor.

[0119] Specifically, the vehicle controller monitors whether the temperature of the drive motor is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature by the obtained temperature of the drive motor. If the temperature of the drive motor is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature, the vehicle controller controls the third inlet of the second multi-way valve to communicate with the fourth drain port, so that the drive motor in the drive motor thermal management circuit is connected to the radiator. When the coolant in the drive motor thermal management circuit flows through the radiator, it is cooled, so as to achieve the purpose of dissipating heat from the drive motor.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment, when the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, the heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the primary refrigerant circulation circuit is controlled to perform primary cooling on the power battery; or, when the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, the heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit is controlled to perform secondary cooling on the power battery, where the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature.

[0121] Specifically, when the vehicle controller monitors that the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, it controls the heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the refrigerant circulation circuit. Specifically, it controls the heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the primary refrigerant circulation circuit to perform primary cooling on the power battery through the primary refrigerant circulation circuit; when the vehicle controller monitors that the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, it controls the heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the refrigerant circulation circuit. Specifically, it controls the heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit to perform secondary cooling on the power battery through the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit. In this embodiment, when the primary refrigerant circulation circuit is started, the primary refrigeration component and the first switching valve are opened, and the refrigerant in the primary refrigerant circulation circuit circulates within the primary refrigerant circulation circuit. At this time, the coolant in the power battery thermal management circuit exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the primary refrigerant circulation circuit in the heat exchanger, thereby reducing the temperature of the power battery. When the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit is started, the air compressor, the secondary refrigeration component, and the second switching valve are opened. When the temperature of the power battery exceeds the second preset temperature, the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit of the refrigerant circulation circuit is started, the air compressor is opened, and the second switching valve is opened. After the refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit is refrigerated by the secondary refrigeration component, it flows through the cold end of the heat exchanger through the second switching valve, and the coolant in the power battery thermal management circuit exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit in the heat exchanger, thereby reducing the temperature of the power battery.

[0122] Based on the same inventive concept, in the third aspect of the present application, a vehicle is provided, which includes the thermal management system as described in the first aspect of the present application, and / or executes the thermal management method as described in the second aspect of the present application.

[0123] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0124] Although the preferred embodiments of the embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications once they learn the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0125] Finally, it should also be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device comprising the element.

[0126] The above has introduced in detail a thermal management system, method and vehicle provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this text to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims

1. A thermal management system, characterized in that, The system at least includes: a drive motor thermal management circuit, a power battery thermal management circuit, and a first multi-way valve (10); Among them, the drive motor thermal management circuit at least includes: a drive motor (20); The power battery thermal management circuit at least includes: a power battery (30); The first multi-way valve (10) is arranged between the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit; When the power battery (30) needs to be heated, the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit are connected through the first multi-way valve (10); When the power battery (30) needs to dissipate heat, the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit are disconnected through the first multi-way valve (10).

2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive motor thermal management circuit further includes: a radiator (40); the system further includes: a second multi-way valve (50); The second multi-way valve (50) is arranged between the drive motor (20) and the radiator (40); the radiator (40) is connected between the water tank (60) and the second multi-way valve (50); When the drive motor (20) needs to dissipate heat, the drive motor (20) and the radiator (40) are connected through the second multi-way valve (50).

3. The thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system further includes: a refrigerant circulation circuit; At least an exchanger (70) is arranged on the refrigerant circulation circuit; Heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant circulation circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit through the exchanger (70) to cool the power battery (30).

4. The thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The refrigerant circulation circuit includes a primary refrigerant circulation circuit and a secondary refrigerant circulation circuit; The primary refrigerant circulation circuit is used for performing primary cooling when the temperature of the power battery (30) is greater than or equal to a first preset temperature and less than a second preset temperature; The secondary refrigerant circulation circuit is used for performing secondary cooling when the temperature of the power battery (30) is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature.

5. The thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The primary refrigerant circulation circuit is provided with: a primary refrigeration component (80), a first switching valve (81); the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit is provided with: a secondary refrigeration component (90), an air compressor (91), a second switching valve (92); The air compressor (91) is arranged between the primary refrigeration assembly (80), the secondary refrigeration assembly (90) and the heat exchanger (70). The inlet of the air compressor (91) is communicated with the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger (70), the outlet of the air compressor (91) is communicated with the inlet of the secondary refrigeration assembly (90), the outlet of the secondary refrigeration assembly (90) is communicated with the inlet of the second switching valve (92), the inlet of the primary refrigeration assembly (80) is communicated with the outlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger (70), the outlet of the primary refrigeration assembly (80) is communicated with the inlet of the first switching valve (81), the outlet of the first switching valve (81) is communicated with the inlet of the second switching valve (92), and the outlet of the second switching valve (92) is communicated with the inlet of the cold end of the heat exchanger (70).

6. The thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first multi-way valve (10) is provided with: a first liquid inlet (101), a second liquid inlet (102), a first liquid outlet (103) and a second liquid outlet (104); Wherein, the drive motor thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit share the first multi-way valve (10); When the temperature of the power battery (30) is lower than the first preset temperature, the first liquid inlet (101) is communicated with the first liquid outlet (103), and the second liquid inlet (102) is communicated with the second liquid outlet (104), so that the drive motor thermal management circuit is communicated with the power battery thermal management circuit; When the temperature of the power battery (30) is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the first liquid inlet (101) is communicated with the second liquid outlet (104), and the second liquid inlet (102) is communicated with the first liquid outlet (103), so that the drive motor thermal management circuit is disconnected from the power battery thermal management circuit.

7. The thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, A motor water pump (21) is further arranged on the drive motor thermal management circuit; a battery water pump (31) is further arranged on the power battery thermal management circuit; The second multi-way valve (50) is provided with a third liquid inlet (105), a third liquid outlet (106) and a fourth liquid outlet (107); The inlet of the motor water pump (21) is respectively communicated with the outlet of the water tank (60), the third liquid outlet (106) and the outlet of the radiator (40). The outlet of the motor water pump (21) is communicated with the inlet of the drive motor (20). The outlet of the drive motor (20) is communicated with the first liquid inlet (101). The inlet of the radiator (40) is communicated with the fourth liquid outlet (107). The inlet of the battery water pump (31) is communicated with the first liquid outlet (103). The outlet of the battery water pump (31) is communicated with the inlet of the power battery (30). The outlet of the power battery (30) is communicated with the inlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger (70). The outlet of the hot end of the heat exchanger (70) is communicated with the second liquid inlet (102). The second liquid outlet (104) is communicated with the third liquid inlet (105).

8. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the temperature of the power battery (30) is less than the first preset temperature, the third liquid inlet (105) is communicated with the third liquid outlet (106); When the temperature of the power battery (30) is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the third liquid inlet (105) is communicated with the fourth liquid outlet (107).

9. The thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least one temperature sensor is provided in the drive motor thermal management circuit, the power battery thermal management circuit, and the refrigerant circulation circuit; Among them, the temperature sensor provided in the drive motor thermal management circuit is used to measure the temperature of the drive motor (20), the temperature sensor provided in the power battery thermal management circuit is used to measure the temperature of the power battery (30), and the temperature sensor provided in the refrigerant circulation circuit is used to measure the temperature of the refrigerant after being cooled by the refrigerant circulation circuit.

10. A thermal management method, characterized in that, The method is applied to the thermal management system according to any one of claims 1-9, and the method includes: Obtaining the temperature of the power battery in the power battery thermal management circuit and the temperature of the drive motor in the drive motor thermal management circuit respectively; When the temperature of the power battery is less than the first preset temperature, the power battery thermal management circuit and the drive motor thermal management circuit are communicated through the first multi-way valve, so that the drive motor thermal management circuit heats the power battery; or, When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, the power battery thermal management circuit and the drive motor thermal management circuit are disconnected through the first multi-way valve, so that the drive motor thermal management circuit stops heating the power battery.

11. The thermal management method according to claim 10, wherein, The method further includes: When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, and / or the temperature of the drive motor is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature, the drive motor is communicated with the radiator through the second multi-way valve, so that the radiator dissipates heat from the drive motor.

12. The thermal management method according to claim 10, wherein, The method further includes: When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature and less than the second preset temperature, controlling heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the primary refrigerant circulation circuit to perform primary cooling on the power battery; or, When the temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, controlling heat exchange between the power battery thermal management circuit and the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit to perform secondary cooling on the power battery, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature.

13. A vehicle, wherein, The vehicle includes the thermal management system according to any one of claims 1-9, and / or executes the thermal management method according to any one of claims 10-12.

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