Tensile deformation energy absorption anti-impact buffer device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail traffic safety protection, and particularly relates to a tensile deformation energy absorption anti-impact buffering device. A tensile deformation energy absorption anti-impact buffering device comprises an impact plate, the impact plate is connected with an impact head, the impact head is matched with a main energy absorption device, the main energy absorption device comprises an energy absorption bottom plate, energy absorption side plates are connected to the side edges of the energy absorption bottom plate, and each energy absorption side plate comprises an inner side plate and an outer side plate which are connected with each other; the inner side plates are located in the outer side plates and are of a wave-shaped bent structure, and the bottom ends of the inner side plates are connected together to form an energy absorption top plate. An energy absorption groove with an opening in the top is defined by the inner side plate and the energy absorption top plate, the impact head is located in the energy absorption groove, an energy absorption cavity is formed among the inner side plate, the outer side plate, the energy absorption top plate and the energy absorption bottom plate of the energy absorption side plate, and an auxiliary energy absorption device is arranged in the energy absorption cavity. Stable load transition is achieved through gradual tensile deformation, the phenomenon of sudden increase of peak stress is avoided, and the energy absorption stability is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit safety protection, and particularly relates to a stretching deformation energy-absorbing anti-impact buffer device. Background Art

[0002] As a key component of passive safety protection, the energy-absorbing buffer device plays a crucial role in fields such as automobiles, rail transit, and aerospace. Its core function is to absorb the huge kinetic energy generated by collisions or impacts, and minimize the damage to personnel, equipment, and structures. When a transportation vehicle or a high-speed train brakes suddenly or is impacted by the outside world, or when a spacecraft takes off or lands, there are often huge impact forces, which pose potential threats to passengers and equipment. At this time, the energy-absorbing buffer device plays a crucial role.

[0003] Currently, the energy-absorbing buffers widely used in engineering applications mainly rely on the crushing deformation of metal materials to dissipate energy, such as metal thin-walled tube crushing energy-absorbing devices and metal foam-filled energy-absorbing devices. These devices achieve energy absorption by inducing material yield or structural buckling through axial compression, thereby effectively reducing the impact of the impact force on personnel or structures. However, since this type of energy-absorbing buffer often undergoes plastic deformation in the local area of the contact load when subjected to impact loads, its energy absorption efficiency is low and there is often a sudden increase in peak stress, and the energy absorption stability and adaptability are poor.

[0004] In view of the technical defects existing in the crushing energy-absorbing device, further research and innovation are needed, and other energy-absorbing methods are considered. It is necessary to satisfy both a stable energy-absorbing and buffering process, and at the same time meet the requirements of strong adaptability to complex loading environments, and also consider factors such as lightweight and energy conservation, so as to provide reliable guarantees for transportation vehicles and spacecraft. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a stretching deformation energy-absorbing anti-impact buffer device. This buffer device changes the energy-absorbing method of traditional buffers by compressive plastic deformation. By pre-bending two layers of stretching energy-absorbing units, it realizes a smooth transition of the load through progressive stretching deformation, avoids the sudden increase in peak stress, and greatly improves the energy absorption stability.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a stretching deformation energy-absorbing anti-impact buffer device, including an impact plate, the first bearing surface of the impact plate bears external impact, the second bearing surface opposite to the first bearing surface is connected to an impact head, the impact head extends towards the second bearing surface and cooperates with the main energy-absorbing device.

[0007] The main energy absorption device includes an energy absorption bottom plate, and energy absorption side plates are connected to the sides of the energy absorption bottom plate. The energy absorption side plates include an inner side plate and an outer side plate that are connected to each other. The inner side plate is located inside the outer side plate and has a wavy bending structure. The bottom ends of the inner side plates are connected together to form an energy absorption top plate.

[0008] The inner side plate and the energy absorption top plate enclose an energy absorption groove with an open top, and the impact head is located in this energy absorption groove. An energy absorption cavity is formed between the inner side plate, the outer side plate, the energy absorption top plate, and the energy absorption bottom plate of the energy absorption side plate, and an auxiliary energy absorption device is arranged in the energy absorption cavity.

[0009] When there is no external force, the impact head is located on the energy absorption top plate, and the auxiliary energy absorption device is in a natural state; when there is an external force, the impact head drives the energy absorption top plate to move towards the energy absorption bottom plate, the inner side plate undergoes tensile deformation and moves towards the energy absorption bottom plate, and the auxiliary energy absorption device is in a deformed state.

[0010] Preferably, the impact plate has a planar structure.

[0011] Preferably, the impact head has a cylindrical structure with a square or circular cross-section.

[0012] Preferably, the sides of the energy absorption side plates are not connected to each other.

[0013] Preferably, the main energy absorption device includes 4 energy absorption side plates, and the bottom ends of the outer side plates are fixedly connected to the energy absorption bottom plate, and the bottom ends of the inner side plates are fixed to the energy absorption top plate.

[0014] Preferably, the auxiliary energy absorption device is an energy absorption spring, and the two end faces of the energy absorption spring are respectively connected to the energy absorption bottom plate and the energy absorption top plate; when there is no external force, the energy absorption spring is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy absorption spring is in a compressed state.

[0015] Preferably, the auxiliary energy absorption device is an energy absorption honeycomb structure made of a polymer composite material, and its upper and lower end faces are respectively connected to the energy absorption bottom plate and the energy absorption top plate; when there is no external force, the energy absorption honeycomb structure is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy absorption honeycomb structure is in a compressed state.

[0016] Preferably, the impact head has a hollow structure.

[0017] Preferably, the bottom ends of two opposite inner side plates are connected, and the 4 inner side plates form 2 energy absorption top plates and overlap in a "cross" shape.

[0018] Preferably, two opposite inner side plates are integrally formed.

[0019] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: A stretching deformation energy-absorbing and shock-proof buffer device involved in the present invention is installed on the impacted surface or between two mutually impacting surfaces. When an impact occurs, the impact plate first contacts the impact load, and the impact plate drives the impact head to press downward towards the energy-absorbing bottom plate, prompting the inner plate of the wavy bending structure to undergo progressive stretching plastic deformation. Most of the impact kinetic energy is converted into plastic deformation energy through the material's extended deformation. This stretching deformation characteristic enables the device to respond quickly at the initial impact stage, achieve stable energy dissipation, avoid the sudden increase in peak stress, and greatly improve the energy absorption stability. When the impact continues, the auxiliary energy-absorbing device can further deform, absorb a part of the impact energy, and also has a certain shock-absorbing effect, helping to disperse and relieve the vibration during the impact process, and further enhancing the energy absorption stability of the buffer.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Progressive energy absorption, stronger stability. By pre-bending the inner plate to make it present a wavy bending structure, more impact energy can be absorbed during deformation, and through progressive stretching deformation, the transition is smooth, avoiding the sudden increase in peak stress, and greatly improving the energy absorption stability. 2. Two-stage energy-absorbing device is set, with stronger energy absorption effect. An auxiliary energy-absorbing device is arranged in the energy-absorbing cavity. When the auxiliary energy-absorbing device adopts a spring or an energy-absorbing honeycomb structure, it can further buffer and absorb energy on the basis of the main energy-absorbing device, improving the energy absorption effect. 2. Lightweight design, wider application range. The impact head adopts a hollow structure design, the sides of the energy-absorbing side plates are not connected to each other, and a groove and a cavity structure are formed, minimizing the use of materials to the greatest extent, thereby reducing the overall weight of the product, which is of great significance for energy conservation and environmental protection. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is the structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 is the cross-sectional schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 is the unfolded structural schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing side plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0022] Reference Signs: 1. Impact plate; 11. First bearing surface; 12. Second bearing surface; 2. Impact head; 3. Main energy-absorbing device; 31. Energy-absorbing bottom plate; 32. Energy-absorbing side plate; 33. Inner plate; 34. Outer plate; 35. Energy-absorbing top plate; 4. Energy-absorbing groove; 5. Energy-absorbing cavity; 6. Auxiliary energy-absorbing device; 61. Energy-absorbing spring; 62. Energy-absorbing honeycomb structure. Detailed implementation mode

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the structure of the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment 1: As shown in the specification appendix Figure 1-2 As shown, a stretching deformation energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device includes an impact plate 1. The first bearing surface 11 of the impact plate 1 bears an external impact. The second bearing surface 12 opposite to the first bearing surface 11 is connected to an impact head 2. The impact head 2 extends towards the second bearing surface 12 and cooperates with the main energy-absorbing device 3.

[0025] The impact plate 1 has a planar structure, which can better disperse the impact stress.

[0026] As Figure 3 shown, the main energy-absorbing device 3 includes an energy-absorbing bottom plate 31. Energy-absorbing side plates 32 are connected to the sides of the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31. The energy-absorbing side plates 32 include an inner side plate 33 and an outer side plate 34 that are connected to each other. The inner side plate 33 is located inside the outer side plate 34 and has a wavy bending structure. The bottom ends of the inner side plates 33 are connected together to form an energy-absorbing top plate 35. The sides of the energy-absorbing side plates 32 are not connected to each other. The main energy-absorbing device 3 includes 4 energy-absorbing side plates 32. The bottom ends of the outer side plates 34 are fixedly connected to the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31, and the bottom ends of the inner side plates 33 are fixedly connected to the energy-absorbing top plate 35.

[0027] The inner side plate 33 and the energy-absorbing top plate 35 enclose an energy-absorbing groove 4 with an open top. The impact head 2 is located in the energy-absorbing groove 4. An energy-absorbing cavity 5 is formed between the inner side plate 33, the outer side plate 34, the energy-absorbing top plate 35 and the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 of the energy-absorbing side plate 32. An auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6 is arranged in the energy-absorbing cavity 5. The impact head 2 has a hollow structure and is a columnar structure with a square or circular cross-section. The cross-sectional size of the impact head 2 is slightly smaller than or equal to the size of the energy-absorbing groove 4. On the one hand, it considers the lightweight design, and on the other hand, it is also convenient for the cooperation between the impact head 2 and the energy-absorbing groove 4.

[0028] When there is no external force, the impact head 2 is located on the energy-absorbing top plate 35, and the auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6 is in a natural state; when there is an external force, the impact head 2 drives the energy-absorbing top plate 35 to move towards the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31, the inner side plate 33 undergoes tensile deformation and moves towards the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31, and the auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6 is in a deformed state.

[0029] As Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the inner plate 33 is made of an aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 6 mm into a specified shape through processing methods such as bending, folding, and cutting. Among them, the outer plate 34 has a length of 260 - 320 mm and a thickness of 6 mm, the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 has a length of 60 - 85 mm and a thickness of 6 mm, and the inner plate 33 has a length of 180 - 230 mm and its thickness is thinned to 4 mm. It is pre-bent by a three-roll plate bending machine into a wavy bending structure with spaced distribution. The single-wave circular arc radius of the wavy bending structure is 10 mm, and the wave crest angle is 120°. The energy-absorbing top plate 35 and part of the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 have a thickness of 6 mm. The bottoms of two inner plates 33 at opposite positions are connected. Four inner plates 33 form two energy-absorbing top plates 35 and overlap in a "cross" shape, and two inner plates 33 at opposite positions are integrally formed, so that the arcs after the inner plates 33 are pre-bent are arranged staggered and do not interfere with each other. The energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 is welded by the bottoms of two outer plates 34 at opposite positions.

[0030] The cross-sectional size of the impact head 2 is 100 * 100 mm, and its height is the same as the fully stretched height of the inner plate 33, which is designed to be 300 mm in the experiment. The thickness of the impact plate 1 is 6 mm, and its length and width dimensions are the same as those of the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31, both being a square with a size of 150 - 170 mm. The impact plate 1 and the impact head 2 are welded together with strong connection strength.

[0031] In this embodiment, the auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6 is an energy-absorbing spring 61, with a diameter of 60 - 90 mm, a wire diameter of 6 mm, and a pitch of 20 mm. The two end faces of the energy-absorbing spring 61 are respectively connected to the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 and the energy-absorbing top plate 35; when there is no external force, the energy-absorbing spring 61 is in a natural state or a compressed state. When it is in a compressed state, the compression amount does not exceed 30%; when there is an external force, the energy-absorbing spring 61 is in a compressed state.

[0032] Embodiment Two: As Figure 4 shown, different from Embodiment One, the auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6 is an energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 made of a polymer composite material, and its upper and lower end faces are respectively connected to the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 and the energy-absorbing top plate 35; when there is no external force, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 is in a compressed state.

[0033] In this embodiment, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 is made of nylon material with good toughness and is printed into a honeycomb shape by a 3D printer. When cooperating with this kind of auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6, the size of the entire buffer device is also reduced compared to the first embodiment. The length of the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 is 35 - 45 mm, the thickness is 3 mm, the length of the inner side plate 33 is 60 - 80 mm, the thickness is 3 mm, the effective length of the inner side plate 33 is 100 - 130 mm, the thickness is thinned to 2 mm, the single-wave circular arc radius of the corrugated bending structure of the inner side plate 33 is 5 mm, the wave crest angle is 120°, and the thickness of the energy-absorbing top plate 35 and the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 part is 3 mm.

[0034] The cross-sectional size of the impact head 2 is 50 * 50 mm, and its height is the same as the height of the inner side plate 33 after being fully stretched, which is designed to be 150 mm in the experiment. The thickness of the impact plate 1 is 3 mm, and the length and width dimensions are the same as those of the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31, both being a square with a size of 65 - 90. The impact plate 1 and the impact head 2 are welded together with strong connection strength.

[0035] The energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 is a nylon honeycomb with a wall thickness of 0.4 mm and a pore diameter of 3 mm printed by 3D printing, and is used to absorb part of the impact energy and reduce vibration.

[0036] Embodiment Three: As Figure 5 shown, multiple of these buffer devices can be arranged together for use to form an array layout to buffer a large-area impact load.

[0037] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and deformations can still be made, and these improvements and deformations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device, characterized in that: It includes an impact plate, a first receiving surface of the impact plate is subjected to external force impact, and a second receiving surface opposite to the first receiving surface is connected to the impact head. The impact head extends toward the second receiving surface and cooperates with the main energy absorbing device. The main energy absorbing device comprises an energy absorbing bottom plate, and the sides of the energy absorbing bottom plate are connected to energy absorbing side plates, and the energy absorbing side plates comprise inner plates and outer plates connected to each other, and the inner plates are located inside the outer plates and present a wave-shaped curved structure, and the bottom ends of the inner plates are connected together to form an energy absorbing top plate. The inner side plate and the energy absorbing top plate form an energy absorbing groove with an open top, and the impact head is located in the energy absorbing groove. An energy absorbing cavity is formed between the inner plate, the outer plate, the energy absorbing top plate and the energy absorbing bottom plate of the energy absorbing side plate, and an auxiliary energy absorbing device is arranged in the energy absorbing cavity. When there is no external force, the impact head is located on the energy absorbing top plate, and the auxiliary energy absorbing device is in a natural state; when there is external force, the impact head drives the energy absorbing top plate to move toward the energy absorbing bottom plate, the inner side plate undergoes tensile deformation and moves toward the energy absorbing bottom plate, and the auxiliary energy absorbing device is in a deformed state.

2. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact plate is a planar structure.

3. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact head is a columnar structure with a square or circular cross section.

4. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side edges of the energy absorbing side panels are not connected to each other.

5. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main energy absorbing device includes four energy absorbing side plates, and the bottom end of the outer side plate is fixedly connected to the energy absorbing bottom plate, and the bottom end of the inner side plate is fixed to the energy absorbing top plate.

6. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary energy absorption device is an energy absorption spring, and the two end surfaces of the energy absorption spring are respectively connected to the energy absorption bottom plate and the energy absorption top plate; when there is no external force, the energy absorption spring is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy absorption spring is in a compressed state.

7. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary energy absorbing device is an energy absorbing honeycomb structure of a high molecular polymer composite material, and its upper and lower end surfaces are respectively connected to an energy absorbing bottom plate and an energy absorbing top plate; when there is no external force, the energy absorbing honeycomb structure is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy absorbing honeycomb structure is in a compressed state.

8. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact head is a hollow structure.

9. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the two inner panels at opposite positions are connected, and the four inner panels form two energy-absorbing top panels and overlap in a "cross" shape.

10. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The two inner side panels at opposite positions are formed in one piece.

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