A tensile deformation energy absorption and impact-proof buffer device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit safety protection, and specifically relates to a tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device. A tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device includes an impact plate, which is connected to an impact head, which cooperates with a main energy absorption device, and the main energy absorption device includes an energy absorption bottom plate, and the sides of the energy absorption bottom plate are connected to energy absorption side plates, and the energy absorption side plates include inner plates and outer plates that are connected to each other, and the inner plates are located inside the outer plates and have a wavy curved structure, and the bottom ends of the inner plates are connected together to form an energy absorption top plate. The inner plates and the energy absorption top plates form an energy absorption groove with an open top, and the impact head is located in the energy absorption groove. An energy absorption cavity is formed between the inner plates, outer plates, energy absorption top plates and energy absorption bottom plates of the energy absorption side plates, and an auxiliary energy absorption device is provided in the energy absorption cavity. The invention realizes a smooth load transition through progressive tensile deformation, avoids the peak stress surge phenomenon, and greatly improves the energy absorption stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit safety protection, and in particular relates to a tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device. Background Art

[0002] As key components of passive safety protection, energy-absorbing devices play a vital role in the automotive, rail, and aerospace industries. Their core function is to absorb the enormous kinetic energy generated by collisions and impacts, minimizing damage to personnel, equipment, and structures. Energy-absorbing devices are crucial when vehicles and high-speed trains brake suddenly or are struck by external forces, or when spacecraft take off or land, often accompanied by enormous impact forces, potentially posing a threat to passengers and equipment.

[0003] Currently, energy absorbers widely used in engineering applications primarily rely on the crushing deformation of metal materials to dissipate energy, such as thin-walled metal tube crush absorbers and foam-filled metal absorbers. These devices absorb energy through axial compression to induce material yielding or structural buckling, effectively reducing the impact force on personnel or structures. However, since these energy absorbers often undergo plastic deformation in the localized area of the contact load when subjected to impact loads, their energy absorption efficiency is low and is often accompanied by a sudden increase in peak stress, resulting in poor energy absorption stability and adaptability.

[0004] To address the technical shortcomings of crush-type energy absorption devices, further research and innovation are needed, including consideration of alternative energy absorption methods. These must ensure a stable energy absorption and buffering process while also meeting the requirements for strong adaptability to complex loading environments. Furthermore, consideration must be given to factors such as lightweighting and energy conservation, providing reliable support for transportation vehicles and aerospace vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a tensile deformation energy absorption and impact proof buffer device. This buffer device changes the energy absorption mode of the traditional buffer by compressive plastic deformation. It pre-bends the two-layer tensile energy absorption unit and realizes a smooth load transition through progressive tensile deformation, thereby avoiding the peak stress surge phenomenon and greatly improving the energy absorption stability.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device, including an impact plate, the first supporting surface of the impact plate bears the impact of external force, the second supporting surface opposite to the first supporting surface is connected to the impact head, and the impact head extends toward the second supporting surface and cooperates with the main energy absorption device.

[0007] The main energy absorbing device includes an energy absorbing bottom plate, and the sides of the energy absorbing bottom plate are connected to energy absorbing side plates. The energy absorbing side plates include inner plates and outer plates connected to each other. The inner plates are located inside the outer plates and have a wavy curved structure. The bottom ends of the inner plates are connected together to form an energy absorbing top plate.

[0008] The inner side plate and the energy-absorbing top plate form an energy-absorbing groove with an open top, and the impact head is located in the energy-absorbing groove. An energy-absorbing cavity is formed between the inner side plate, the outer side plate, the energy-absorbing top plate and the energy-absorbing bottom plate of the energy-absorbing side plate, and an auxiliary energy-absorbing device is provided in the energy-absorbing cavity.

[0009] When there is no external force, the impact head is located on the energy absorbing top plate and the auxiliary energy absorbing device is in a natural state; when there is an external force, the impact head drives the energy absorbing top plate to move toward the energy absorbing bottom plate, the inner side plate undergoes tensile deformation and moves toward the energy absorbing bottom plate, and the auxiliary energy absorbing device is in a deformed state.

[0010] Preferably, the impact plate is a planar structure.

[0011] Preferably, the impact head is a cylindrical structure with a square or circular cross section.

[0012] Preferably, the side edges of the energy-absorbing side panels are not connected to each other.

[0013] Preferably, the main energy absorbing device includes four energy absorbing side plates, and the bottom ends of the outer plates are fixedly connected to the energy absorbing bottom plate, and the bottom ends of the inner plates are fixed to the energy absorbing top plate.

[0014] Preferably, the auxiliary energy absorption device is an energy absorption spring, and the two end faces of the energy absorption spring are respectively connected to the energy absorption bottom plate and the energy absorption top plate; when there is no external force, the energy absorption spring is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy absorption spring is in a compressed state.

[0015] Preferably, the auxiliary energy-absorbing device is an energy-absorbing honeycomb structure of a high-molecular polymer composite material, and its upper and lower end surfaces are respectively connected to the energy-absorbing bottom plate and the energy-absorbing top plate; when there is no external force, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure is in a compressed state.

[0016] Preferably, the impact head is a hollow structure.

[0017] Preferably, the bottom ends of the two inner plates at opposite positions are connected, and the four inner plates form two energy-absorbing top plates and overlap in a "cross" shape.

[0018] Preferably, the two inner panels at opposite positions are integrally formed.

[0019] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: a tensile deformation energy-absorbing and impact-proof buffer device involved in the invention is installed on the impacted surface or between two surfaces that impact each other. When an impact occurs, the impact plate first contacts the impact load, and the impact plate drives the impact head to press downward in the direction of the energy-absorbing bottom plate, causing the inner plate of the wavy curved structure to undergo progressive tensile plastic deformation, and converting most of the impact kinetic energy into plastic deformation energy through material expansion and deformation. This tensile deformation characteristic enables the device to respond quickly in the initial impact stage, achieve smooth energy dissipation, avoid the occurrence of peak stress surges, and greatly improve the energy absorption stability. When the impact continues to occur, the auxiliary energy-absorbing device can further deform, absorb part of the impact energy, and also has a certain shock-absorbing effect, helping to disperse and alleviate vibrations during the impact process, and further enhance the energy absorption stability of the buffer.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Progressive energy absorption and greater stability. By pre-bending the inner panel to give it a wavy curved structure, it can absorb more impact energy when deformation occurs, and through the gradual tensile deformation, the transition is smooth, which avoids the sudden increase in peak stress and greatly improves the energy absorption stability. 2. The two-stage energy absorption device is set up, and the energy absorption effect is stronger. An auxiliary energy absorption device is provided in the energy absorption cavity. When the auxiliary energy absorption device adopts a spring or an energy absorption honeycomb structure, it can further buffer the energy absorption on the basis of the main energy absorption device to improve the energy absorption effect. 2. Lightweight design and wider application range. The impact head adopts a hollow structure design, the side edges of the energy absorption side panels are not connected, and the groove and cavity structure are formed, which minimizes the use of materials, thereby reducing the overall weight of the product, which is of great significance to energy conservation and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the deployed structure of the energy-absorbing side panels according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 1. Impact plate; 11. First supporting surface; 12. Second supporting surface; 2. Impact head; 3. Main energy-absorbing device; 31. Energy-absorbing bottom plate; 32. Energy-absorbing side plate; 33. Inner plate; 34. Outer plate; 35. Energy-absorbing top plate; 4. Energy-absorbing groove; 5. Energy-absorbing cavity; 6. Auxiliary energy-absorbing device; 61. Energy-absorbing spring; 62. Energy-absorbing honeycomb structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the structure of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: As shown in the attached specification Figure 1-2 As shown, a tensile deformation energy absorption and impact-proof buffer device includes an impact plate 1, a first supporting surface 11 of the impact plate 1 withstands external force impact, a second supporting surface 12 opposite to the first supporting surface 11 is connected to the impact head 2, and the impact head 2 extends toward the second supporting surface 12 and cooperates with the main energy absorption device 3.

[0030] The impact plate 1 is a planar structure, which can better disperse the impact stress.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the main energy absorbing device 3 includes an energy absorbing bottom plate 31, with energy absorbing side plates 32 connected to the sides of the energy absorbing bottom plate 31. The energy absorbing side plates 32 include an inner plate 33 and an outer plate 34 that are connected to each other. The inner plate 33 is located inside the outer plate 34 and has a wavy curved structure. The bottom ends of the inner plates 33 are connected together to form an energy absorbing top plate 35. The side edges of the energy absorbing side plates 32 are not connected to each other. The main energy absorbing device 3 includes four energy absorbing side plates 32, with the bottom ends of the outer plates 34 fixedly connected to the energy absorbing bottom plate 31, and the bottom ends of the inner plates 33 fixed to the energy absorbing top plate 35.

[0032] The inner panel 33 and the energy-absorbing top panel 35 form an open-top energy-absorbing trough 4, within which the impact head 2 is positioned. An energy-absorbing cavity 5 is formed between the inner panel 33, the outer panel 34, the energy-absorbing top panel 35, and the energy-absorbing bottom panel 31 of the energy-absorbing side panel 32. An auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6 is disposed within the energy-absorbing cavity 5. The impact head 2 is a hollow, square or circular cylindrical structure with a cross-section slightly smaller than or equal to that of the energy-absorbing trough 4. This allows for lightweight design while also facilitating the fit between the impact head 2 and the energy-absorbing trough 4.

[0033] When there is no external force, the impact head 2 is located on the energy absorbing top plate 35, and the auxiliary energy absorbing device 6 is in a natural state; when there is an external force, the impact head 2 drives the energy absorbing top plate 35 to move toward the energy absorbing bottom plate 31, the inner plate 33 undergoes tensile deformation and moves toward the energy absorbing bottom plate 31, and the auxiliary energy absorbing device 6 is in a deformed state.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the inner panel 33 is made of a 6mm thick aluminum alloy sheet material, which is formed into a predetermined shape through bending, folding, cutting, and other processing methods. The outer panel 34 is 260-320mm long and 6mm thick, the energy-absorbing bottom panel 31 is 60-85mm long and 6mm thick, and the inner panel 33 is 180-230mm long and thinned to 4mm thick. It is pre-bent into a spaced-apart wavy curved structure using a three-roll plate rolling machine. The single wave arc radius of the wavy curved structure is 10mm, and the peak angle is 120°. The energy-absorbing top panel 35 and the energy-absorbing bottom panel 31 are partially 6mm thick. The bottom ends of the two inner panels 33 in opposite positions are connected. The four inner panels 33 form two energy-absorbing top panels 35 and overlap in a "cross" shape. The two inner panels 33 in opposite positions are formed as one piece, so the pre-bent arcs of the inner panels 33 are staggered and do not interfere with each other. The energy absorbing bottom plate 31 is formed by welding the bottom ends of two outer plates 34 at opposite positions.

[0035] The impact head 2 has a cross-sectional dimension of 100 x 100 mm, and its height is the same as the fully stretched height of the inner plate 33, which was designed to be 300 mm in the experiment. The impact plate 1 is 6 mm thick, and its length and width are consistent with the dimensions of the energy-absorbing base plate 31, both being a square measuring 150-170 mm. The impact plate 1 and impact head 2 are welded together, providing a strong connection.

[0036] In this embodiment, the auxiliary energy absorption device 6 is an energy absorption spring 61 with a diameter of 60-90 mm, a wire diameter of 6 mm, and a pitch of 20 mm, and the two end faces of the energy absorption spring 61 are respectively connected to the energy absorption bottom plate 31 and the energy absorption top plate 35; when there is no external force, the energy absorption spring 61 is in a natural state or a compressed state. When it is in a compressed state, the compression amount does not exceed 30%; when there is an external force, the energy absorption spring 61 is in a compressed state.

[0037] Example 2: Figure 4 As shown, different from the first embodiment, the auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6 is an energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 of a high-molecular polymer composite material, and its upper and lower end surfaces are respectively connected to the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 and the energy-absorbing top plate 35; when there is no external force, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 is in a compressed state.

[0038] In this embodiment, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 is made of a nylon material with good toughness and is printed into a honeycomb shape by a 3D printer. When used with this auxiliary energy-absorbing device 6, the size of the entire buffer device is also reduced compared to the first embodiment. The length of the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 is 35-45 mm and the thickness is 3 mm. The length of the inner plate 33 is 60-80 mm and the thickness is 3 mm. The effective length of the inner plate 33 is 100-130 mm and the thickness is reduced to 2 mm. The single-wave arc radius of the wavy curved structure of the inner plate 33 is 5 mm, the peak angle is 120°, and the thickness of the energy-absorbing top plate 35 and the energy-absorbing bottom plate 31 is 3 mm.

[0039] The cross-sectional dimensions of impact head 2 are 50 x 50 mm, and its height is the same as the fully stretched height of inner plate 33, designed to be 150 mm in the experiment. Impact plate 1 is 3 mm thick, and its length and width are consistent with those of energy-absorbing base plate 31, both being a 65-90 square. Impact plate 1 and impact head 2 are welded together, providing a strong connection.

[0040] The energy-absorbing honeycomb structure 62 is a 3D-printed nylon honeycomb with a wall thickness of 0.4 mm and a pore size of 3 mm, which is used to absorb part of the impact energy and reduce shock.

[0041] Example 3: Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of the buffer devices can be arranged together to form an array layout to buffer impact loads over a large area.

[0042] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device, characterized by: It includes an impact plate, a first receiving surface of the impact plate bears external force impact, and a second receiving surface opposite to the first receiving surface is connected to the impact head. The impact head extends toward the second receiving surface and cooperates with the main energy absorbing device. The main energy absorbing device includes an energy absorbing bottom plate, and the sides of the energy absorbing bottom plate are connected to energy absorbing side plates. The energy absorbing side plates include inner plates and outer plates connected to each other. The inner plates are located inside the outer plates and have a wavy curved structure. The bottom ends of the inner plates are connected together to form an energy absorbing top plate. The inner side panels and the energy-absorbing top panel form an energy-absorbing groove with an open top, the impact head is located in the energy-absorbing groove, the bottom ends of the two inner side panels at opposite positions are connected, the four inner side panels form two energy-absorbing top panels and overlap in a "cross" shape, and the two inner side panels at opposite positions are formed as one piece; An energy absorbing cavity is formed between the inner plate, outer plate, energy absorbing top plate and energy absorbing bottom plate of the energy absorbing side plate, and an auxiliary energy absorbing device is provided in the energy absorbing cavity. When there is no external force, the impact head is located on the energy absorbing top plate, and the auxiliary energy absorbing device is in a natural state; when there is an external force, the impact head drives the energy absorbing top plate to move toward the energy absorbing bottom plate, the inner plate is stretched and deformed and moves toward the energy absorbing bottom plate, and the auxiliary energy absorbing device is in a deformed state; The auxiliary energy absorption device is an energy absorption spring, and the two end surfaces of the energy absorption spring are respectively connected to the energy absorption bottom plate and the energy absorption top plate; when there is no external force, the energy absorption spring is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy absorption spring is in a compressed state.

2. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact plate is a planar structure.

3. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact head is a cylindrical structure with a square or circular cross section.

4. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side edges of the energy-absorbing side panels are not connected to each other.

5. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main energy absorbing device includes four energy absorbing side plates, and the bottom ends of the outer plates are fixedly connected to the energy absorbing bottom plate, and the bottom ends of the inner plates are fixed to the energy absorbing top plate.

6. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary energy-absorbing device is an energy-absorbing honeycomb structure of a high-molecular polymer composite material, and its upper and lower end surfaces are respectively connected to the energy-absorbing bottom plate and the energy-absorbing top plate; when there is no external force, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure is in a natural state, and when there is an external force, the energy-absorbing honeycomb structure is in a compressed state.

7. The tensile deformation energy absorption and impact prevention buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact head is a hollow structure.

Images