High-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed changing and positioning functions and conveying method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed changing and positioning functions and a conveying method, the high-speed circulating conveying device comprises a station conveying line body and an acceleration conveying line body which are arranged on a rack, and a carrying seat is arranged on the station conveying line body; a left rotation line body and a right rotation line body are arranged at the two ends of the left rotation line body and the right rotation line body respectively, and carrying seats are arranged on the left rotation line body and the right rotation line body respectively; the station conveying line body and the acceleration conveying line body are each provided with a single-face-tooth synchronous belt I capable of rotating, the left rotation line body and the right rotation line body are each provided with a single-face-tooth synchronous belt II capable of rotating, and the conveying faces of the single-face-tooth synchronous belts II and the conveying faces of the single-face-tooth synchronous belts I form a circular ring. The outer side of the conveying face is sleeved with a guide rail, a carrying base used for carrying workpieces is arranged on the guide rail in a sliding mode, a toothed plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the carrying base, and teeth of the toothed plate are meshed with the tooth face of the single-face tooth synchronous belt I and the tooth face of the single-face tooth synchronous belt II. The multi-speed switching control device has the main beneficial effects that multi-speed switching control is automatically achieved, efficient conveying of the carrying base is achieved, and the use efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of conveying technology. Specifically, it particularly relates to a high-speed circulating conveying device and a conveying method integrating variable speed and positioning functions. Background Art

[0002] The conveying industry is the core supporting field of industrial production and logistics systems, and its technological development deeply affects manufacturing efficiency, resource transfer speed, and production costs.

[0003] As disclosed in the authorized publication number CN216189536U, an adjustable belt conveyor is provided, including a bottom plate. It is characterized in that two groups of idlers are arranged above the bottom plate, a conveyor belt is arranged above the two groups of idlers, support members are movably connected to both sides of the two groups of idlers, the lower ends of the support members are fixedly connected to the bottom plate, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the idler, and one end of the connecting rod penetrates through the support member. A first motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bottom plate, a first connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor and one end of the connecting rod respectively, and a belt is arranged above the two first connecting shafts. However, the transmission speed of the conveyor belt of this conveyor is always the same, which requires a large number of carriers to be installed on the conveyor belt to achieve uninterrupted conveying. For carriers of high-precision workpieces, their prices are expensive, and too many assembled quantities will cause a substantial increase in costs. Moreover, it also increases the overall weight of this conveyor, which is not conducive to reasonable layout. In addition, when the workpiece is processed at other workstations, it is necessary to control the motor to stop working at any time. Repeated starting and stopping of the motor will cause insufficient heat dissipation of the motor, resulting in overheating and shortening of the service life. In extreme cases, it may cause a fire, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-speed circulating conveying device and a conveying method integrating variable speed and positioning functions.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A high-speed circulating conveying device integrating variable speed and positioning functions includes a frame. On the frame, a working-position conveying line body and an acceleration conveying line body are arranged separately up and down and symmetrically centered. On the working-position conveying line body, there are carriers for carrying workpieces corresponding to the processing workstations located on one side thereof; at both ends of the working-position conveying line body and the acceleration conveying line body, a left turning line body and a right turning line body are respectively arranged in correspondence, and the carriers corresponding to the loading workstation and the unloading workstation are respectively arranged on the left turning line body and the right turning line body; Both the working-position conveying line body and the acceleration conveying line body have a single-sided tooth synchronous belt I that can rotate by itself, and the left turning line body and the right turning line body have a single-sided tooth synchronous belt II that can rotate by itself. The conveying surfaces of all the single-sided tooth synchronous belts II and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I are combined to form a cyclic elliptical conveying surface; A guide rail is sleeved outside the conveying surface. A carrier seat is slidably arranged on the guide rail. A vertically movable rack is arranged at the bottom of the carrier seat. The teeth of the rack are meshed with the tooth surfaces of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II, and the distance between the outermost teeth is less than the distance between the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II. A positioning component is further arranged on the machine frame, and the positioning component can drive all the racks to move upward synchronously to separate from the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II.

[0006] Preferably, the station conveying line body and the acceleration conveying line body each include at least one conveying idler pivotally arranged on the machine frame. The non-tooth surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I is wound around the conveying idler, and the conveying surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I is horizontal.

[0007] Preferably, the station conveying line body and the acceleration conveying line body further include a conveying gear pivotally arranged on the machine frame. The conveying gear is meshed with the tooth surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I. A conveying motor is fixedly arranged on the machine frame, and the motor shaft of the conveying motor is connected to any one of the conveying gears.

[0008] Preferably, the left turning line body and the right turning line body each include at least a driving wheel pivotally arranged. A driving idler is arranged on one side of the driving wheel. The non-tooth surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II is wound around the driving wheel and the driving idler, and the conveying surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II is U-shaped.

[0009] Preferably, the left turning line body and the right turning line body further include a turning gear pivotally arranged on the machine frame. The turning gear is meshed with the tooth surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II. A turning motor is fixedly arranged on the machine frame, and the motor shaft of the turning motor is connected to the turning gear.

[0010] Preferably, the carrier seat has a vertically arranged support plate. An installation plate for installing a workpiece is fixedly arranged at the top of the support plate. The rack is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the support plate. An upper guide wheel and a lower guide wheel are pivotally arranged on the support plate and are vertically separated. Guide grooves are formed on both sides of the guide rail. The upper guide wheel and the lower guide wheel are both placed in the guide grooves, and the outer circumferential surfaces of the upper guide wheel and the lower guide wheel are both abutted against the guide rail.

[0011] Preferably, the positioning component at least includes a slide rail fixedly arranged on the frame and vertically disposed, a slider adapted to the slide rail is provided on the slide rail, a push rod is fixedly arranged on the slider, and a pushing wheel is pivotally arranged on the push rod; a guide rod is fixedly arranged on the toothed plate, a positioning block is fixedly arranged at the other end of the guide rod, and the positioning block extends into a chute formed on the support plate; a spring is sleeved on the guide rod, one end of the spring abuts against the toothed plate, and the other end abuts against the positioning block, and the pushing wheel can abut against the positioning block.

[0012] Preferably, a guide block is fixedly arranged on the frame, a guide rail adapted to the guide block is slidably arranged on the guide block, a fixed block is fixedly arranged on the guide rail, a connecting rod is pivotally arranged on the fixed block, and the other end of the connecting rod is pivotally arranged on the slider.

[0013] Preferably, a bracket is fixedly arranged on the frame, a driving cylinder is fixedly arranged on the bracket, a driving block is fixedly arranged on the cylinder shaft of the driving cylinder, and the driving block is fixedly arranged on the guide rail.

[0014] A conveying method of a high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions includes the following steps: S1. The conveying motor located on the station conveying line body controls the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I to rotate at a constant speed all the time. When the workpiece located on the carrier moves to the processing station on the single-sided tooth synchronous belt, the carrier on the right rotary line body is located at the blanking station on one side thereof, and the carrier on the left rotary line body is located at the loading station on one side thereof. S2. The driving cylinder is started, the guide rail is driven to move through its cylinder shaft, and the fixed block fixedly arranged on the guide rail drives the slider to move on the guide rail through the connecting rod; the slider moves upward to drive the pushing wheel to move in the chute through the push rod until the driving positioning block drives the toothed plate to move upward through the guide rod, and the teeth of the toothed plate are separated from the tooth surfaces of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II; then the loading station, the processing station, and the blanking station perform loading, processing, and blanking on the workpiece. S3. After the loading, processing, and blanking are completed, the driving cylinder resets, and the toothed plate moves downward under the action of the spring until the teeth of the toothed plate are engaged with the tooth surfaces of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II, and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I on the station conveying line body continues to convey the carrier to the next station. S4. During the process of conveying to the next station, the rotary motor on the right rotary line body increases the speed. At the same time, after the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II on the left rotary line body conveys the carrier thereon to the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I on the station conveying line body, the rotary motor on the left rotary line body also increases the speed until the speed of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II is the same as the speed of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I on the acceleration conveying line body. S5. After transporting the carrier on the right rotary line body to the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I of the acceleration conveying line body, the rotary motor on the right rotary line body reduces its speed until the speed of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II on the right rotary line body is the same as the speed of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I on the station conveying line body, until the station conveying line body transports the carrier on it to the right rotary line body; meanwhile, after the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II on the left rotary line body receives the carrier conveyed by the acceleration conveying line body, the rotary motor on the left rotary line body reduces its speed until the speed of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II on the left rotary line body is the same as the speed of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I on the station conveying line body, and transports the carrier to the loading station. At this time, the carrier on the station conveying line body is just transported to the next station.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly reflected in: 1. In the conveying method of the present invention, when the carrier is transferred between the station conveying line body, the acceleration conveying line body, the left rotary line body and the right rotary line body, the transfer can be completed as long as the speeds of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II are kept the same. After the transfer is completed, the left rotary line body and the right rotary line body can automatically control their speeds accordingly to achieve the efficient conveying of the carrier, thereby improving the usage efficiency. On this basis, the present invention can greatly reduce the number of carriers, thus realizing the overall light weight of the device and greatly reducing the cost.

[0016] 2. The tooth plate and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt are meshed through the tooth shape, which can ensure the overall precise transmission of the device. There is no sliding or jumping during the transmission process, and it can also avoid impact and vibration, ensuring the smoothness of operation. In addition, the direct meshing transmission reduces the friction of the intermediate links, and the energy conversion efficiency is significantly higher than that of belt or chain transmission, and it can bear high loads, having a wide range of applicability.

[0017] 3. In the present invention, the outer circumferential surfaces of the upper guide wheel and the lower guide wheel are both in contact with the guide rail, which can ensure that the carrier is always erected on the guide rail, avoid the situation of the carrier falling, and also increase the stability of the carrier movement. Moreover, the tooth plate can move slightly upward under the action of the positioning component, so that the tooth plate is separated from the single-sided tooth synchronous belt, realizing the precise positioning of the carrier, so as to facilitate the processing of the loading station, the processing station and the unloading station.

[0018] 4. In the conveying method of the present invention, by controlling the rapid separation of the tooth plate and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt, the problem in the prior art of needing to control the motor to start and stop multiple times during the workpiece processing process is solved, effectively improving the service life of the motor. 5. The driving cylinder can drive multiple carriers to be synchronously positioned through multiple connecting rods, and its driving source is only one driving cylinder, which can greatly reduce the cost and is convenient for batch processing and production.

[0019] 6. The use of a connecting rod drive can improve the precise displacement control of the device. At the same time, it can also bear long-term high-load operation, reduce the frequency of shutdown maintenance due to wear, and greatly extend the service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings: Figure 1 : A perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 : A rear view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 : A schematic structural diagram of the carrier and the positioning assembly in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 : A schematic structural diagram of the carrier and the positioning assembly in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. At this time, the ejector rod and the ejecting wheel are removed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments shown in the drawings. However, these embodiments are not limited to the present invention, and any structural, method, or functional transformation made by those of ordinary skill in the art based on these embodiments is included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0024] Such as Figures 1 to 4As shown in the figure, the present invention discloses a high-speed circulating conveying device integrating variable speed and positioning functions, including a frame 1. On the frame 1, there are a working station conveying line body 2 and an accelerating conveying line body 9 which are vertically separated and centrosymmetric. On the working station conveying line body 2, there is a carrier 5 corresponding to a processing station located on one side thereof. At both ends of the working station conveying line body 2 and the accelerating conveying line body 9, there are a left rotary line body 3 and a right rotary line body 8 respectively. On the left rotary line body 3 and the right rotary line body 8, there are the carriers 5 corresponding to the loading station and the unloading station respectively. In the present invention, when the carrier is transferred between the working station conveying line body, the accelerating conveying line body, the left rotary line body and the right rotary line body, the rotation speeds of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II only need to be kept the same to complete the transfer. After the transfer is completed, the left rotary line body and the right rotary line body can automatically perform speed control accordingly to achieve the efficient conveying of the carrier, thereby improving the use efficiency. On this basis, the present invention can greatly reduce the number of carriers, thus realizing the overall light weight of the device and greatly reducing the cost.

[0025] Specifically, both the working station conveying line body 2 and the accelerating conveying line body 9 at least include a set of conveying idler wheels 22 pivotally arranged on the frame 1. The non-toothed surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21 is wound around the conveying idler wheels 22, and the conveying surface 10 of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21 is horizontal. The working station conveying line body 2 and the accelerating conveying line body 9 also include a conveying gear 23 pivotally arranged on the frame 1. The conveying gear 23 meshes with the toothed surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21. On the frame 1, there is also fixedly arranged a conveying motor 26, and the motor shaft of the conveying motor 26 is connected to any one of the conveying gears 23.

[0026] Both the left rotary line body 3 and the right rotary line body 8 at least include a driving wheel 32 pivotally arranged. On one side of the driving wheel 32, there is a driving idler wheel 33. The non-toothed surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II 31 is wound around the driving wheel 32 and the driving idler wheel 33, and the conveying surface 10 of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II 31 is U-shaped. The left rotary line body 3 and the right rotary line body 8 also include a rotary gear 33 pivotally arranged on the frame 1. The rotary gear 33 meshes with the toothed surface of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II 31. On the frame 1, there is also fixedly arranged a rotary motor 36, and the motor shaft of the rotary motor 36 is connected to the rotary gear 33.

[0027] In the above, the working station conveying line body 2, the accelerating conveying line body 9, the left rotary line body 3 and the right rotary line body 8 are all driven by the corresponding conveying motor 26 or rotary motor 36, making use of their characteristics of high efficiency, energy saving, fast response, wide speed regulation range and easy control to greatly improve the accuracy.

[0028] In the present invention, the conveying surfaces 10 of all the single-sided tooth synchronous belts II 31 and single-sided tooth synchronous belts I 21 are combined to form a circulating substantially elliptical conveying surface. A guide rail 4 is sleeved outside the conveying surface 10. A carrier 5 for carrying workpieces is slidably provided on the guide rail 4. A toothed plate 51 capable of vertically moving is provided at the bottom of the carrier 5. The teeth 52 of the toothed plate 51 are engaged with the tooth surfaces of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21 and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II 31, and the distance between the outermost teeth 52 is less than the distance between the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21 and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II 31. In the above, the toothed plate 51 is engaged with the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21 and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II 31 through tooth profiles, which can ensure the overall precise transmission of the device, ensure no sliding or jumping during the transmission process, and can also avoid impact and vibration, ensuring the smooth operation. In addition, the direct meshing transmission reduces the friction of the intermediate links, and the energy conversion efficiency is significantly higher than that of belt or chain transmission, and it can bear high loads and has a wide range of applicability.

[0029] In the present invention, a positioning component is further provided on the frame 1. The positioning component can drive all the toothed plates 51 to move upward synchronously and separate from the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21 and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II 31. That is: the toothed plate 51 can be driven by the positioning component to move slightly up and down, so that the toothed plate is separated from the single-sided tooth synchronous belt, realizing the precise positioning of the carrier, so as to facilitate the processing of the carrier at the loading station, the processing station and the unloading station. Specifically, the carrier 5 has a vertically arranged support plate 53. An installation plate 54 for installing workpieces is fixedly provided at the top of the support plate 53. The toothed plate 51 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the support plate 53; an upper guide wheel 55 and a lower guide wheel 56 are pivotally provided on the support plate 53 and are arranged up and down. Guide grooves are opened on both sides of the guide rail 4. The upper guide wheel 55 and the lower guide wheel 56 are both placed in the guide grooves, and the outer circumferential surfaces of the upper guide wheel 55 and the lower guide wheel 56 are both in contact with the guide rail 4. In the conveying method of the present invention, the problem of multiple starts and stops of the motor required in the prior art during the workpiece processing is solved by controlling the rapid separation of the toothed plate from the single-sided tooth synchronous belt, effectively improving the service life of the motor. In addition, the upper guide wheel 55 and the lower guide wheel 56 can play a guiding role on the support plate 53, improving the stability of the movement of the carrier 5.

[0030] The positioning component at least includes a vertically arranged slide rail 6 fixed on the frame 1. A slider 61 adapted to the slide rail 6 is provided on the slide rail 6. A push rod 62 is fixed on the slider 61, and a pushing wheel 63 is pivotally arranged on the push rod 62. A guide rod 57 is fixed on the toothed plate 51. A positioning block 58 is fixed at the other end of the guide rod 57. The positioning block 58 extends into a chute 64 opened on the support plate 53. A spring 59 is sleeved on the guide rod 57. One end of the spring 59 abuts against the toothed plate 51, and the other end abuts against the positioning block 58. The pushing wheel 63 can abut against the positioning block 58. The cooperation between the slider 61 and the slide rail 6 can improve the stability of the movement of the push rod 62 and ensure accuracy.

[0031] A guide block 65 is fixed on the frame 1. A guide rail 66 adapted to the guide block 65 is slidably arranged on the guide block 65. A fixed block 67 is fixed on the guide rail 66. A connecting rod 68 is pivotally arranged on the fixed block 67. The other end of the connecting rod 68 is pivotally arranged on the slider 61. The above-mentioned use of the connecting rod 68 for driving can improve the precise displacement control of the device, realize overall lightweight, is beneficial to reducing the volume and weight of the device. At the same time, it can also bear long-term high-load operation, reduce the maintenance frequency due to wear and tear, and greatly extend the service life.

[0032] Further, a bracket 7 is fixed on the frame 1. A driving cylinder 71 is fixed on the bracket 7. A driving block 72 is fixed on the cylinder shaft of the driving cylinder 71. The driving block 72 is fixed on the guide rail 66.

[0033] The working process of the present invention is briefly described below, including the following steps: S1. The conveying motor 26 located on the station conveying line body 2 controls the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21 wound around the conveying idler pulley 22 to rotate at a constant speed all the time. When the workpiece located on the carrier 5 moves to the processing station on the single-sided tooth synchronous belt 21, the carrier 5 on the right rotary line body 8 is located at the blanking station on one side of it, and the carrier 5 on the left rotary line body 3 is located at the loading station on one side of it. S2. The driving cylinder 71 is started, and the guide rail 66 is driven to move through its cylinder shaft. The fixed block 67 fixed on the guide rail 66 drives the slider 61 to move on the guide rail 6 through the connecting rod 68. The slider 61 moves upward and drives the pushing wheel 63 to move in the chute 64 through the push rod 62 until the positioning block 58 is driven to drive the toothed plate 51 to move upward through the guide rod 57. The teeth 52 of the toothed plate 51 are separated from the tooth surfaces of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I 21 and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II 31. Immediately, the loading station, the processing station, and the blanking station perform loading, processing, and blanking on the workpiece. S3. After the feeding, processing, and discharging are completed, the driving cylinder 71 resets, and the toothed plate 51 moves downward under the action of the spring 59 until the teeth 52 of the toothed plate 51 mesh with the tooth surfaces of the single-sided toothed belt I 21 and the single-sided toothed belt II 31. The single-sided toothed belt I 21 on the station conveyor line body 2 continues to convey the carrier 5 to the next station. S4. During the conveyance to the next station, the rotary motor 36 on the right rotary line body 8 increases its speed. At the same time, when the sensor detects that the single-sided toothed belt II 31 on the left rotary line body 3 conveys the carrier 5 thereon to the single-sided toothed belt I 21 on the station conveyor line body 2, the rotary motor 36 on the left rotary line body 3 also increases its speed until the speed of the single-sided toothed belt II 31 is the same as the speed of the single-sided toothed belt I 21 on the accelerated conveyor line body 9. S5. After the carrier 5 on the right rotary line body 8 is conveyed onto the single-sided toothed belt I 21 of the accelerated conveyor line body 9, the rotary motor 36 on the right rotary line body 8 decreases its speed until the speed of the single-sided toothed belt II 31 on the right rotary line body 8 is the same as the speed of the single-sided toothed belt I 21 on the station conveyor line body 2, until the station conveyor line body 2 conveys the carrier thereon to the right rotary line body 8. At the same time, when the sensor detects that the single-sided toothed belt II 31 on the left rotary line body 3 receives the carrier 5 conveyed from the accelerated conveyor line body 9, the rotary motor 36 on the left rotary line body 3 decreases its speed until the speed of the single-sided toothed belt II 31 on the left rotary line body 3 is the same as the speed of the single-sided toothed belt I 21 on the station conveyor line body 2 and conveys the carrier 5 to the loading station. At this time, the carrier 5 on the station conveyor line body 2 is exactly conveyed to the next station.

[0034] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to the embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0035] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: The frame (1) is provided with a station conveyor line body (2) and an accelerating conveyor line body (9) which are arranged vertically and centrally symmetrically, and the station conveyor line body (2) is provided with a carrier (5) for carrying a workpiece corresponding to a processing station located on one side thereof; the two ends of the station conveyor line body (2) and the accelerating conveyor line body (9) are respectively provided with a left rotating line body (3) and a right rotating line body (8), and the left rotating line body (3) and the right rotating line body (8) are respectively provided with the carrier (5) corresponding to a loading station and a unloading station; The station conveyor line body (2) and the acceleration conveyor line body (9) both have a self-rotating single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21), and the left-turning line body (3) and the right-turning line body (8) have a self-rotating single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31), and the conveying surfaces (10) of all the single-sided toothed synchronous belts II (31) and the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) are combined to form a circulating elliptical conveying surface; The outer side of the conveying surface (10) is sleeved with a guide rail (4), the carrier (5) is slidably mounted on the guide rail (4), a vertically movable toothed plate (51) is disposed at the bottom of the carrier (5), the teeth (52) of the toothed plate (51) mesh with the toothed surfaces of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) and the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31), and the distance between the teeth (52) at the outermost ends is smaller than the distance between the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) and the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31); a positioning assembly is also disposed on the frame (1), and the positioning assembly can drive all the toothed plates (51) to move upward synchronously and separate from the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) and the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31).

2. The high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The station conveyor line body (2) and the acceleration conveyor line body (9) each include at least one set of conveying idler wheels (22) pivotally arranged on the frame (1), the non-toothed surface of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) is wound around the conveying idler wheels (22), and the conveying surface (10) of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) is horizontal.

3. The high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The station conveyor line body (2) and the acceleration conveyor line body (9) further include a conveying gear (23) pivotally arranged on the frame (1), the conveying gear (23) meshing with the tooth surface of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21), and a conveying motor (26) is also fixedly arranged on the frame (1), and the motor shaft of the conveying motor (26) is connected to any one of the conveying gears (23).

4. The high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The left rotating line body (3) and the right rotating line body (8) both include at least a pivot arranged on the transmission wheel (32), a transmission idler wheel (33) is arranged on one side of the transmission wheel (32), a non-toothed surface of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31) is wound around the transmission wheel (32) and the transmission idler wheel (33), and a conveying surface (10) of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31) is in a U shape.

5. The high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The left rotating line body (3) and the right rotating line body (8) further include a rotating gear (33) pivotally arranged on the frame (1), the rotating gear (33) meshing with the tooth surface of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31), and a rotating motor (36) is also fixedly arranged on the frame (1), and the motor shaft of the rotating motor (36) is connected to the rotating gear (33).

6. The high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carrier (5) has a vertically arranged support plate (53), a mounting plate (54) for mounting a workpiece is fixedly arranged on the top of the support plate (53), and the tooth plate (51) is fixedly arranged on the bottom of the support plate (53); an upper guide wheel (55) and a lower guide wheel (56) are pivotally arranged on the support plate (53), and guide grooves are provided on both sides of the guide rail (4), and the upper guide wheel (55) and the lower guide wheel (56) are both placed in the guide grooves, and the outer circumferential surfaces of the upper guide wheel (55) and the lower guide wheel (56) are both in contact with the guide rail (4).

7. The high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The positioning assembly at least comprises a slide rail (6) fixedly mounted on the frame (1) and arranged vertically, the slide rail (6) being provided with a slider (61) adapted thereto, the slider (61) being fixedly mounted with a push rod (62), and a push wheel (63) being pivotally mounted on the push rod (62); a guide rod (57) being fixedly mounted on the toothed plate (51), a positioning block (58) being fixedly mounted at the other end of the guide rod (57), and the positioning block (58) extending and being placed in a slide groove (64) provided on the support plate (53); a spring (59) being sleeved on the guide rod (57), one end of the spring (59) being in contact with the toothed plate (51), and the other end of the spring (59) being in contact with the positioning block (58), and the push wheel (63) being capable of being in contact with the positioning block (58).

8. The high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A guide block (65) is fixedly provided on the frame (1), a guide rail (66) matching the guide block (65) is slidably provided on the guide block (65), a fixed block (67) is fixedly provided on the guide rail (66), a connecting rod (68) is pivotally provided on the fixed block (67), and the other end of the connecting rod (68) is pivotally provided on the slider (61).

9. The high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 8, characterized in that: A bracket (7) is fixedly provided on the frame (1), a driving cylinder (71) is fixedly provided on the bracket (7), a driving block (72) is fixedly provided on the cylinder shaft of the driving cylinder (71), and the driving block (72) is fixedly provided on the guide rail (66).

10. The conveying method of the high-speed circulating conveying device integrating speed change and positioning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, a conveying motor (26) located on the workstation conveying line body (2) controls the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) to rotate at a constant speed, and when a workpiece located on the carrier (5) moves to a processing station on the single-sided toothed synchronous belt (21), the carrier (5) located on the right rotating line body (8) is located at a material unloading station on one side thereof, and the carrier (5) located on the left rotating line body (3) is located at a material loading station on one side thereof; S2, the driving cylinder (71) is started, and the guide rail (66) is driven to move by its cylinder shaft, and the fixed block (67) fixed on the guide rail (66) drives the slider (61) to move on the guide rail (6) through the connecting rod (68); the slider (61) moves upward and drives the driving wheel (63) to move in the slide groove (64) through the push rod (62), until the driving positioning block (58) drives the tooth plate (51) to move upward through the guide rod (57), and the teeth (52) of the tooth plate (51) are separated from the tooth surfaces of the single-sided tooth synchronous belt I (21) and the single-sided tooth synchronous belt II (31); then the loading station, processing station and unloading station load, process and unload the workpiece; S3, after loading, processing and unloading are completed, the driving cylinder (71) is reset, and the tooth plate (51) moves downward under the action of the spring (59) until the teeth (52) of the tooth plate (51) are engaged with the tooth surfaces of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) and the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31), and the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) located on the workstation conveyor line body (2) continues to convey the carrier (5) to the next workstation; S4, during the process of conveying to the next workstation, the rotary motor (36) on the right rotary line (8) increases its rotation speed. At the same time, after the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31) on the left rotary line (3) conveys the carrier (5) thereon to the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) on the workstation conveying line (2), the rotary motor (36) on the left rotary line (3) also increases its rotation speed until the rotation speed of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31) is the same as the rotation speed of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) on the acceleration conveying line (9); S5, after the carrier (5) located on the right rotating line (8) is transported to the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) of the accelerating conveying line (9), the rotating motor (36) located on the right rotating line (8) reduces its rotation speed until the rotation speed of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31) located on the right rotating line (8) is the same as the rotation speed of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) located on the station conveying line (2), until the station conveying line (2) transports the carrier thereon to the right rotating line (8); at the same time, the rotating motor (36) located on the left rotating line (8) reduces its rotation speed until the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31) located on the right rotating line (8) is the same as the rotation speed of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) located on the station conveying line (2). After the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31) on the body (3) receives the carrier (5) conveyed by the acceleration conveyor line (9), the rotary motor (36) located on the left rotary line (3) reduces its rotation speed until the rotation speed of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt II (31) on the left rotary line (3) is the same as the rotation speed of the single-sided toothed synchronous belt I (21) on the station conveyor line (2), and the carrier (5) is conveyed to the loading station. At this time, the carrier (5) on the station conveyor line (2) is just conveyed to the next station.

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