Foliar fertilizer for improving tobacco leaf quality and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a leaf fertilizer for improving tobacco leaf quality and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant fertilizers.The method includes the steps that poultry waste viscera are collected and fermented to prepare an amino acid stock solution, and the amino acid stock solution is used as a preparation material of the leaf fertilizer, so that waste utilization is achieved, and environmental protection is achieved; bifidobacterium and bacillus are used as composite zymophyte, protein can be fully decomposed, the nutritional value is increased, the tobacco leaves are easier to absorb, the growth and development of the tobacco leaves are regulated, the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved, and the utilization rate is high. Besides, amino acids contained in the prepared foliar fertilizer are more comprehensive and balanced, so that aroma precursor substances of the tobacco leaves can be increased, absorption of mineral nutrient elements by the tobacco leaves can be effectively balanced, ripening resistance and baking resistance of the tobacco leaves are improved, appearance and sensory quality of the baked tobacco leaves and index coordination of main chemical components are promoted, and industrial availability of the tobacco leaves is improved; the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant fertilizers, and more specifically, to a foliar fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is one of the typical leaf-type cash crops and has a relatively high demand for nutrient elements. One of the key points in maintaining the health of tobacco is to pay attention to nutritional balance, especially the coordination of the chemical components of tobacco leaves, which not only affects the growth and physiology of flue-cured tobacco, but also affects its disease resistance and yield. Tobacco growth requires a large amount of chemical fertilizers, but the soil fertilization rate is low, which will cause problems such as fertilizer waste and water eutrophication. In the prior art, there are also studies on applying nutrients to tobacco through foliar fertilizers for tobacco, such as amino acid foliar fertilizers, which mostly use plant amino acids as the matrix, add mineral elements required for plant growth and development, and form organic or inorganic complexes through chelation.

[0003] In addition, with the continuous increase in the consumption of chicken meat products, the slaughter volume has also been increasing continuously. Most of the chicken offal and the like are discarded, and only a very small part is supplied to carnivore farms for use as animal feed, resulting in waste of resources. Especially for white - feather chickens, white - feather chickens are generally slaughtered in 40 - 45 days, and the protein content of chicken offal is very high, the myofibril hydrophobicity is small, and it is easy to be decomposed into various amino acid products by various proteases secreted by microorganisms. Producing amino acid fertilizers from poultry slaughterhouse waste not only reduces environmental pollution, but also changes the current situation that the cost of preparing amino acid fertilizers from plant - source raw materials such as soybeans in the market is relatively high, resulting in expensive amino acid fertilizers and unable to be widely promoted and used. Therefore, through resource integration, researching and developing foliar fertilizers with rich nutritional value and high utilization rate is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, in order to solve the problems in the prior art that the preparation cost of foliar fertilizers for tobacco is high, waste cannot be reused, and the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate is low, the present invention provides a foliar fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves and a preparation method thereof. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] A foliar fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves, the foliar fertilizer comprising the following raw materials in weight percentages: amino acid stock solution: 40 - 50%, potassium sulfate: 9 - 11%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 8 - 10%, biochemical potassium humate: 2 - 3%, manganese sulfate: 1.2 - 1.3%, zinc sulfate: 1.5 - 1.6%, ferrous sulfate: 1.5 - 1.6%, boric acid: 1.2 - 1.3%, copper sulfate: 1.2 - 1.3%, Tween 80: 0.4 - 0.5%, and the balance being deionized water.

[0006] Further, the preparation method of the amino acid stock solution is as follows: collect the discarded internal organs of poultry, after impurity removal treatment, drying treatment and pulverization treatment, to obtain a mixture; then add a compound fermentation bacterium to the mixture for fermentation treatment, after the fermentation is completed, perform filtration treatment, and adjust the pH to obtain the amino acid stock solution.

[0007] Further, the drying treatment is heated to 100°C - 150°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min - 15°C / min, and the time is 3 min - 5 min.

[0008] Further, the pulverization treatment is sieved through a 5 - 10 mesh sieve.

[0009] Further, the compound fermentation bacterium is obtained by mixing Bifidobacterium and Bacillus.

[0010] Further, the fermentation treatment is as follows: according to the material - liquid ratio of 1:(18 - 25), add deionized water to the mixture, then add the compound fermentation bacterium, heat to 30°C - 40°C, and stir - treat at 300 r / min - 500 r / min for 12 h - 24 h.

[0011] Further, adjust the pH to 6 - 7 using saturated ammonia water.

[0012] In addition, the present invention also provides a preparation method of a leaf fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0013] Mix potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate and boric acid, and then add 5 - fold volume of sterilized deionized water, dissolve and stir to obtain a clear nutrient solution;

[0014] Add the amino acid stock solution to the nutrient solution, then add biochemical fulvic acid potassium and Tween 80, make up the volume with water, and stir evenly to obtain the leaf fertilizer.

[0015] The leaf fertilizer of the present invention is sprayed on tobacco, and each spraying needs to be diluted 100 - fold with water before use, and the spraying period is 55 d - 65 d after transplanting and 85 d - 95 d after transplanting.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention collects and ferments the discarded internal organs of poultry to prepare the amino acid stock solution and uses it as a raw material for preparing the leaf fertilizer. It not only realizes waste utilization and is environmentally friendly, but also uses Bifidobacterium and Bacillus as the compound fermentation bacterium, which can fully decompose proteins, increase nutritional value, make it easier to be absorbed, regulate the growth and development of tobacco leaves and improve the quality of tobacco leaves, with high utilization rate.

[0018] 2. The foliar fertilizer prepared by the present invention contains more comprehensive and balanced amino acids, which can help improve the aroma precursor substances of tobacco leaves, effectively balance the absorption of mineral nutrient elements by tobacco leaves, improve the heat and baking resistance of tobacco leaves, promote the coordination of the appearance, sensory quality and main chemical composition indexes of tobacco leaves after baking, and improve the industrial usability of tobacco leaves, thereby improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

[0019] 3. The foliar fertilizer provided by the present invention has low overall production cost, mild production conditions, strong process operability and repeatability, and can be industrially applied and mass-produced. Specific embodiments

[0020] The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention rather than limit the present invention.

[0021] Example 1:

[0022] The foliar fertilizer in Example 1 includes the following raw materials in weight percentages:

[0023] Amino acid stock solution: 40%, potassium sulfate: 11%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 8%, biochemical potassium humate: 2%, manganese sulfate: 1.3%, zinc sulfate: 1.5%, iron sulfate: 1.6%, boric acid: 1.2%, copper sulfate: 1.3%, Tween 80: 0.5%, and the balance is deionized water;

[0024] A preparation method of a foliar fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves includes the following steps:

[0025] Collect poultry waste viscera, after impurity removal treatment, heat it to 120 °C at a heating rate of 12 °C / min for drying treatment for 5 min, and then pulverize it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture; according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:20, add deionized water to the mixture, then add a compound fermentation bacterium (the addition amounts of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus are both 5%), heat it to 35 °C, and stir it at 300 r / min for 24 h. After the fermentation is completed, filter it, and adjust the pH to 7 with saturated ammonia water to obtain an amino acid stock solution;

[0026] Mix potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate and boric acid, and then add 5 times the volume of sterilized deionized water, dissolve and stir to obtain a clear nutrient solution;

[0027] Add the amino acid stock solution to the nutrient solution, then add biochemical potassium humate and Tween 80, add water to make up the volume, and stir evenly to obtain a foliar fertilizer.

[0028] Example 2:

[0029] The foliar fertilizer in Example 2 includes the following raw materials in weight percentages:

[0030] Amino acid stock solution: 42%, potassium sulfate: 10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 8%, biochemical potassium humate: 3%, manganese sulfate: 1.3%, zinc sulfate: 1.5%, iron sulfate: 1.5%, boric acid: 1.2%, copper sulfate: 1.3%, Tween 80: 0.5% and the balance is deionized water;

[0031] A method for preparing a foliar fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Collect poultry waste viscera, after impurity removal treatment, heat it to 100 °C at a heating rate of 15 °C / min for drying treatment for 5 min, then crush it and pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture; according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:20, add deionized water to the mixture, then add a compound fermentation bacteria (the addition amounts of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus are both 5%), heat to 35 °C, and stir at 300 r / min for 22 h. After fermentation is completed, filter it, and adjust the pH to 7 with saturated ammonia water to obtain an amino acid stock solution;

[0033] Mix potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate and boric acid, then add 5 times the volume of sterilized deionized water, dissolve and stir to obtain a clear nutrient solution;

[0034] Add the amino acid stock solution to the nutrient solution, then add biochemical potassium humate and Tween 80, add water to make up the volume, and stir evenly to obtain the foliar fertilizer.

[0035] Example 3:

[0036] The foliar fertilizer in Example 3 comprises the following raw materials in weight percentages:

[0037] Amino acid stock solution: 40%, potassium sulfate: 9%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 8%, biochemical potassium humate: 3%, manganese sulfate: 1.2%, zinc sulfate: 1.5%, iron sulfate: 1.5%, boric acid: 1.2%, copper sulfate: 1.2%, Tween 80: 0.4% and the balance is deionized water;

[0038] A method for preparing a foliar fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco leaves, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Collect poultry waste viscera, after impurity removal treatment, heat it to 120 °C at a heating rate of 15 °C / min for drying treatment for 5 min, then crush it and pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture; according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:20, add deionized water to the mixture, then add a compound fermentation bacteria (the addition amounts of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus are both 5%), heat to 40 °C, and stir at 300 r / min for 20 h. After fermentation is completed, filter it, and adjust the pH to 7 with saturated ammonia water to obtain an amino acid stock solution;

[0040] Mix potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferric sulfate, copper sulfate and boric acid, and then add deionized water sterilized with a volume 5 times that of the above mixture, dissolve and stir to obtain a clear nutrient solution;

[0041] Add the amino acid stock solution to the nutrient solution, then add biochemical fulvic acid potassium and Tween 80, make up the volume with water, and stir evenly to obtain a foliar fertilizer.

[0042] Effect experiment:

[0043] The variety under test is Xiangyan No. 7. In the experimental field of the Niuchehe Tobacco Experimental Station in Changde City, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and organic matter in the experimental field soil are 1.68 g / kg, 0.95 g / kg, 11.25 g / kg and 22.46 g / kg respectively, the pH is 6.83, and the soil fertility level is medium. Set up 3 experimental fields. On the 60th day and 90th day after transplanting, spray the foliar fertilizer of Example 1 on Experimental Field 1, spray the foliar fertilizer of Example 2 on Experimental Field 2, and spray the foliar fertilizer of Example 3 on Experimental Field 3. Also set up a blank control, and spray clear water in the blank control. Arrange them randomly, set 3 replicates, plant a total of 60 plants in each plot, and the protective row around is more than 2 m.

[0044] Before spraying, it needs to be diluted 100 times with water and evenly sprayed on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of Xiangyan No. 7 tobacco plants; it is best to choose a windless sunny day for spraying, especially after 5 pm; if it rains heavily 6 h after spraying, it needs to be re-sprayed after the weather clears. The rest of the fertilization and field management are carried out according to the local tobacco planting guidance.

[0045] Record the growth conditions of Xiangyan No. 7 in Experimental Field 1, Experimental Field 2, Experimental Field 3 and the blank control. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1: Agronomic traits of Xiangyan No. 7 in different treatment groups

[0047]

[0048] It can be seen from the data analysis in Table 1 that spraying the foliar fertilizer of the present invention on Xiangyan No. 7 can significantly increase the plant height of Xiangyan No. 7, promote the leaf growth of Xiangyan No. 7, and thus increase the yield of Xiangyan No. 7. Moreover, the roots of the tobacco plants in the treatment groups of Examples 1 to 3 are more developed than those in the control group, and the tobacco leaves show typical yellow, bright and soft characteristics, with higher overall quality.

[0049] Record the chemical components of Xiangyan No. 7 in Experimental Field 1, Experimental Field 2, Experimental Field 3 and the blank control. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0050] Table 2: Chemical components of tobacco leaves

[0051]

[0052] From the data analysis in Table 2, it can be seen that after spraying the foliar fertilizer prepared by the present invention, the chemical components of the tobacco leaves of Xiangyan No. 7 can meet the market demand, the components are more coordinated, and it has higher quality.

[0053] In summary, the present invention uses the discarded internal organs of poultry to collect and ferment to prepare amino acid stock solution, and uses it as a preparation material for foliar fertilizer. It not only realizes waste utilization and is environmentally friendly, but also is easily absorbed and utilized, regulates the growth and development of tobacco leaves and improves the quality of tobacco leaves, helps to improve the aroma precursor substances of tobacco leaves, effectively balances the absorption of mineral nutrient elements by tobacco leaves, improves the heat resistance and baking resistance of tobacco leaves, promotes the coordination of the appearance, sensory quality and main chemical component indexes of tobacco leaves after baking, and improves the industrial usability of tobacco leaves, thereby improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

[0054] The above-described embodiments merely represent one or more embodiments of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A foliar fertilizer for improving tobacco leaf quality, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in weight percentage: amino acid stock solution: 40-50%, potassium sulfate: 9-11%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 8-10%, biochemical potassium humate: 2-3%, manganese sulfate: 1.2-1.3%, zinc sulfate: 1.5-1.6%, iron sulfate: 1.5-1.6%, boric acid: 1.2-1.3%, copper sulfate: 1.2-1.3%, Tween 80: 0.4-0.5% and the balance of deionized water.

2. Foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the amino acid stock solution is as follows: collecting discarded poultry viscera, removing impurities, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture; adding composite fermentation bacteria to the mixture for fermentation, filtering after the fermentation is completed, adjusting the pH to obtain the amino acid stock solution.

3. Foliar fertilizer according to claim 2, is characterized in that, The drying process is carried out by heating the temperature to 100°C to 150°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min to 15°C / min for 3min to 5min.

4. Foliar fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The powder was crushed and passed through a 5-10 mesh sieve.

5. Foliar fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The composite fermentation bacteria is obtained by mixing bifidobacteria and bacillus.

6. Foliar fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fermentation treatment is as follows: deionized water is added to the mixture at a material-liquid ratio of 1:(18-25), and then composite fermentation bacteria is added, the mixture is heated to 30°C-40°C, and stirred at 300r / min-500r / min for 12h-24h.

7. Foliar fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pH was adjusted to 6-7 using saturated ammonia water.

8. A method for preparing foliar fertilizer for improving tobacco leaf quality, characterized in that: The preparation method is used to prepare the foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: Potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate and boric acid are mixed, and then 5 times the volume of sterilized deionized water is added, and the mixture is dissolved and stirred to obtain a clear nutrient solution; The amino acid stock solution is added to the nutrient solution, and then biochemical potassium humate and Tween 80 are added, water is added to make up the volume, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain foliar fertilizer.

9. A method for improving tobacco leaf quality by using the foliar fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method comprises: spraying the foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the foliar fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 on tobacco, and each time spraying, water needs to be added to dilute it to 100 times.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The spraying period is 55d to 65d and 85d to 95d after transplanting.

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