Double-top-blowing copper smelting system
By adopting a double-top blowing process in the copper smelting system, the smelting furnace and blowing furnace are coordinated to realize the continuous operation of the smelting-blowing process, the problems of high energy consumption and difficulty in pollution control in the traditional copper smelting process are solved, and production continuity and pollution control effect are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510461510.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-20
AI Technical Summary
Traditional copper smelting processes have problems such as high energy consumption, difficulty in controlling low-altitude pollution, and insufficient production continuity.
The double-top copper blowing smelting system is adopted to achieve continuous operation of the smelting-blowing process through the coordinated configuration of the smelting furnace and the blowing furnace, and the multi-directional oxygen supply system is used to improve the reaction strength of the melt pool, and the slag-copper dynamic layering is achieved through the gravity slag discharge port and the copper outlet.
It has achieved reduced fluctuations in fluctuations in flue gas emissions, reduced energy consumption, improved pollution control effect and improved production continuity.
Smart Images
Figure CN120174209A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of copper smelting, and specifically to a double-top-blowing copper smelting system. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, with the increasingly strict environmental protection requirements and the continuous rise of energy costs in the global copper smelting industry, traditional copper smelting processes have faced many challenges. Currently, the mainstream copper smelting methods in China mainly include double-side blowing (side-blown smelting + side-blown converting), side-plus-top blowing (side-blown smelting + top-blown converting), double flash furnaces (flash smelting + flash converting), and processes such as P-S converters combined with side-blown or top-blown smelting furnaces. Among them, the combination of Ausmelt oxygen-enriched top-blown smelting + P-S converter blowing has been applied in some smelters, but there are still problems such as high energy consumption, difficulty in controlling low-altitude pollution, and insufficient production continuity.
[0003] The traditional P-S converter blowing process has disadvantages such as intermittent operation, large flue gas fluctuations, and high risks of SO2 emissions. Although flash furnaces can achieve continuous smelting, the investment and operating costs are relatively high. In addition, some smelters use electric furnaces to settle and separate slag and matte, resulting in increased energy consumption, and the single-orifice design of the smelting furnace cannot achieve the separation of slag and matte. How to optimize the existing smelting process, reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution while ensuring production efficiency, has become an important direction for the technological upgrading of the industry. Summary of the Invention The present invention aims to solve the above problems, and thus provides a double-top-blowing copper smelting system with reduced energy consumption. The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is as follows: A double-top-blowing copper smelting system includes a smelting furnace and a converting furnace. A smelting top lance extending into the furnace is provided at the top of the smelting furnace, a charging pipe is provided at the top of the smelting furnace, a side-blowing strengthening mechanism is provided in the middle and lower part of the smelting furnace, and a gravity slag discharge port and a gravity matte outlet are provided at the lower part of the smelting furnace; A converting top lance mechanism extending into the furnace is provided at the top of the converting furnace, an auxiliary material feeding pipe and a matte inlet are provided at the top of the converting furnace, and a gravity blister copper discharge port and an overflow slag discharge port are provided at the lower part of the converting furnace; A chute is provided between the gravity matte outlet of the smelting furnace and the matte inlet of the converting furnace.
[0006] The present invention adopting the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, has the following prominent features: Through the coordinated configuration of the smelting furnace and the converting furnace, the continuous operation of the smelting-converting process is realized. The smelting furnace can continuously feed materials, and the converting furnace can continuously receive matte. Through the chute connection between the gravity matte outlet of the smelting furnace and the matte inlet of the converting furnace, the continuous operation of the entire smelting-converting process is achieved, the fluctuation of flue gas emissions is reduced, and the side-blowing strengthening mechanism arranged in the middle and lower parts of the smelting furnace and the top smelting lance form a multi-directional oxygen supply system, which can effectively improve the reaction intensity of the molten pool. When the furnace is shut down for a short time, the side-blowing strengthening mechanism can provide heat for the molten pool and shorten the time for restarting the furnace again. The discharge structures of the gravity slag discharge port and the gravity matte port effectively realize the dynamic stratification of slag and copper, and the overflow slag discharge port of the converting furnace can effectively adjust the molten pool level.
[0007] As a preference, a further technical solution of the present invention is: Furthermore, a drain port is arranged at the bottom of the smelting furnace, which is convenient for the complete discharge of the melt during planned furnace shutdown and facilitates the replacement of refractory bricks in the furnace.
[0008] Furthermore, the smelting lance is provided with multiple layers of concentric air ducts, and the concentric air ducts are, from the inside to the outside, an atomization air duct, a fuel channel, an oxygen-enriched channel, a primary air duct, and a secondary air duct in sequence. The staged combustion design helps to form a more uniform temperature field distribution, and the oxygen-enriched air duct can form a three-dimensional oxygen supply network with the side-blowing spray gun.
[0009] Furthermore, the side-blowing strengthening mechanism includes at least 12 submerged spray guns arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The axis of the submerged spray gun is arranged downward at an angle of 3° with both the radial and axial directions of the smelting furnace. When the furnace is shut down for a short time, a small amount of oxygen supply through the side spray guns can maintain the temperature of the melt.
[0010] Furthermore, the converting lance mechanism includes several converting lances arranged in an array. The collaborative operation of multiple lances can enhance the stirring effect of the molten pool and meet the oxygen supply requirements for different processing capacities.
[0011] Furthermore, the auxiliary material feed pipe includes a steel pipe extending into the converting furnace, and the top end of the steel pipe is funnel-shaped. The funnel structure helps to reduce the splashing loss during the addition of auxiliary materials and improve the uniformity of flux dispersion.
[0012] Furthermore, copper water jackets are respectively arranged at both ends of the chute. The copper water jacket on the outlet side can ensure the elevation of the matte outlet and is convenient for operation; the copper water jacket on the inlet side is convenient for cleaning lumps and can improve the service life of the chute. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; The marks in the figure are: smelting furnace 1, converting furnace 2, smelting lance 3, feeding pipe 4, gravity slag discharge port 5, gravity matte outlet 6, converting lance 7, gravity blister copper discharge port 8, overflow slag discharge port 9, U-shaped chute 10, drain port 11, auxiliary material feed pipe 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0014] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The purpose is only to better understand the content of the present invention. Therefore, the examples given do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
[0015] A double-top-blown copper smelting system includes a smelting furnace 1 and a converting furnace 2. The smelting furnace 1 has a cylindrical furnace body composed of refractory bricks, copper water jackets, and steel shells from the inside to the outside. During operation, the temperature inside the furnace is as high as 1300 °C. The side wall structure of the converting furnace 2 is, from the inside to the outside, refractory bricks, copper water jackets, and steel plates in sequence. The bottom of the converting furnace is made of refractory bricks with a thickness of 1.2 - 1.5 meters, and the outside of the refractory bricks is protected by steel plates. The furnace top is composed of copper water jackets. A smelting top lance 3 extending into the furnace is arranged at the top of the smelting furnace 1. A charging pipe 4 is arranged at the top of the smelting furnace 1. The charging pipe 4 includes a copper water jacket extending into the smelting furnace 1, and a steel funnel is arranged at the outer end of the copper water jacket. The steel funnel and the head of the charging belt are both sealed in the same space by steel plates. A side-blow strengthening mechanism is arranged in the middle and lower part of the smelting furnace 1. A gravity slag discharge port 5 and a gravity matte outlet 6 are arranged at the lower part of the smelting furnace 1. The gravity slag discharge port 5 is arranged outside the molten pool disturbance area, and the gravity matte outlet 6 is located at the bottom of the precipitation area. The gravity slag discharge port 5 is composed of refractory bricks on the inner side and a steel shell on the outer side. The slag discharge port cofferdam is connected to the copper water jacket, and the slag is discharged from the copper water jacket to the slag ladle. The gravity matte outlet 6 is composed of refractory bricks on the inner side and a steel shell on the outer side. The end of the lance of the side-blow strengthening mechanism is 1.5 - 1.6 m away from the furnace bottom (between 80% - 90% of the total height of the molten pool); A converting top lance mechanism extending into the furnace is arranged at the top of the converting furnace. An auxiliary material feed pipe 12 and a matte inlet are arranged at the top of the converting furnace. A gravity blister copper discharge port 8 and an overflow slag discharge port 9 are arranged at the lower part of the converting furnace. The overflow slag discharge port 9 can adapt to the adjustment requirements of different production conditions during smelting start-up and smelting shutdown. A refractory brick is installed at the gravity blister copper discharge port 8, and a through hole is opened in the center of the refractory brick. The blister copper is discharged from this hole and discharged to the copper ladle through a chute. The chute is composed of refractory bricks and a steel shell. A copper water jacket chute is installed at the outlet of the chute. The copper ladle is used to receive the blister copper melt. In order to protect the copper ladle, reduce the heat loss of the melt, and reduce the amount of adhesives adhered in the copper ladle, refractory bricks are built inside the copper ladle. The slag discharged from the overflow slag discharge port 9 is granulated through compound quenching; A chute 10 is arranged between the gravity matte outlet 6 of the smelting furnace 1 and the matte inlet of the converting furnace. The chute 10 is composed of refractory bricks on the inner side and a steel shell on the outer side.
[0016] Furthermore, an emptying port 11 is arranged at the bottom of the smelting furnace 1, which is convenient for the complete discharge of the melt during planned furnace shutdown and facilitates the replacement of the refractory bricks inside the furnace.
[0017] Further, the smelting top lance 3 is provided with multiple layers of concentric air ducts. 90% of the oxygen required for the oxidation reaction in the furnace is provided by the smelting top lance 3. The concentric air ducts are, from the inside to the outside, the atomizing air duct, the fuel channel, the oxygen-enriched channel, the primary air duct, and the secondary air duct in sequence. The staged combustion design helps to form a more uniform temperature field distribution. The oxygen-enriched air duct can form a three-dimensional oxygen supply network with the side-blown lance.
[0018] Further, the side-blown strengthening mechanism includes at least 12 submerged lances arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The axes of the submerged lances are inclined downward at an angle of 3° with both the radial and axial directions of the smelting furnace. A small amount of oxygen supply through the side lances during a short-term furnace shutdown can maintain the melt temperature.
[0019] Further, the blowing top lance mechanism includes several blowing top lances 7 arranged in an array. The cooperative operation of multiple lances can enhance the molten bath stirring effect and meet the oxygen supply requirements for different processing capacities.
[0020] Further, the auxiliary material feed pipe 12 includes a steel pipe extending into the blowing furnace. The top end of the steel pipe is funnel-shaped. The funnel structure helps to reduce the splashing loss during the addition of auxiliary materials and improve the uniformity of flux dispersion.
[0021] Further, copper water jackets are respectively arranged at both ends of the chute 10. The longitudinal section of the chute 10 is U-shaped. The copper water jacket on the outlet side is connected to the cofferdam of the gravity matte outlet 6. The water-cooled copper water jacket on the outlet side is heat-resistant and scouring-resistant, which can effectively ensure the elevation of the matte outlet. In this way, the elevation of the matte melt in the smelting furnace can be ensured, and slag can be prevented from flowing out of the matte discharge port. The copper water jacket on the inlet side is connected to the matte inlet of the blowing furnace, which is convenient for cleaning the agglomerates without damaging the chute. If refractory bricks are used, they are easily cracked when cleaning large pieces, resulting in the leakage of molten melt and matte running out. Using a water-cooled copper water jacket can effectively extend the service life of the chute. The overall service life of the chute is up to 3 months.
[0022] Through the coordinated configuration of the smelting furnace 1 and the blowing furnace 2, the continuous operation of the smelting-blowing process is realized. The smelting furnace 1 can continuously feed materials, and the blowing furnace can continuously receive matte. Through the connection of the gravity matte outlet 6 of the smelting furnace 1 and the U-shaped chute 10 of the matte inlet of the blowing furnace, the continuous operation of the entire smelting-blowing process is achieved, and the fluctuation of flue gas emissions is reduced. The side-blown strengthening mechanism arranged in the middle and lower parts of the smelting furnace 1 and the top smelting top lance 3 form a multi-directional oxygen supply system, which can effectively improve the reaction intensity of the molten bath. During a short-term furnace shutdown, the side-blown strengthening mechanism can provide heat for the molten bath and shorten the time for restarting the furnace again. The discharge structures of the gravity slag discharge port and the gravity matte port effectively realize the dynamic stratification of slag and copper. The overflow slag discharge port of the blowing furnace can effectively adjust the molten bath level.
[0023] The above are only the preferred and feasible embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the rights of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention are included within the scope of the rights of the present invention.
Claims
1. A double top-blown copper smelting system, comprising a smelting furnace and a converting furnace, characterized in that: The top of the smelting furnace is provided with a smelting top gun extending into the furnace, the top of the smelting furnace is provided with a feeding pipe, the middle and lower part of the smelting furnace is provided with a side blowing strengthening mechanism, and the lower part of the smelting furnace is provided with a gravity slag discharge port and a gravity matte outlet; A top blowing gun mechanism extending into the furnace is arranged on the top of the converting furnace, an auxiliary material feeding pipe and a matte inlet are arranged on the top of the converting furnace, and a gravity-type crude copper discharge port and an overflow-type slag discharge port are arranged at the bottom of the converting furnace; A chute is provided between the gravity matte outlet of the smelting furnace and the matte inlet of the converting furnace.
2. The double top-blown copper smelting system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An exhaust port is provided at the bottom of the smelting furnace.
3. The double top-blown copper smelting system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The smelting top gun is provided with multiple layers of concentric air ducts, and the concentric air ducts are, from the inside to the outside, an atomization air duct, a fuel channel, an oxygen-enriched channel, a primary air duct and a secondary air duct.
4. The double top-blown copper smelting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side-blowing strengthening mechanism comprises at least 12 submerged lances which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the axes of the submerged lances are arranged to be tilted downward at an angle of 3° to both the radial and axial directions of the smelting furnace.
5. The double top-blown copper smelting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blowing top gun mechanism comprises a plurality of blowing top guns arranged in an array.
6. The double top-blown copper smelting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary material feed pipe includes a steel pipe extending into the converting furnace, and the top of the steel pipe is funnel-shaped.
7. The double top-blown copper smelting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Copper water jackets are provided at both ends of the chute.