Debris flow prevention and control method suitable for caving mining

Abstract

The debris flow prevention and control method comprises the following steps that mining area information and mine geological information are obtained, and according to the mining area information and the mine geological information, the earth surface rock mass movement range influenced by caving mining is determined; according to the earth surface rock mass moving range, a grouting area covering the earth surface rock mass moving range is determined; and grouting hole information is determined according to the grouting area, and drilling and grouting operation is carried out according to the grouting hole information. According to the debris flow prevention and control method suitable for caving mining, source control can be conducted on the material source of the underground debris flow, and therefore the underground debris flow of a mine is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of prevention and control of mine geological disasters, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling debris flow applicable to caving mining. Background Art

[0002] During the process of caving mining, due to the unloading effect of rock mass, surrounding rocks often show phenomena such as caving and deformation, which in turn cause surface subsidence or settlement; moreover, with the increase of the mining range and depth, the moving range of surface rock mass gradually increases. Under the condition that there are loose sediments or weathered accumulations on the surface, the material source conditions required for debris flow occurrence are met, and during short-term heavy rainfall, debris flow disasters are extremely likely to occur and flow into the underground mine, forming debris flow in the underground mine, which poses a major safety hazard.

[0003] Currently, the main means of preventing and controlling mine debris flow is monitoring and early warning, which cannot prevent the occurrence of debris flow. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling debris flow applicable to caving mining, which can control the material source of underground debris flow at the source, thereby preventing the occurrence of underground debris flow in mines.

[0006] The method for preventing and controlling debris flow applicable to caving mining according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0007] Obtain mining area information and mine geological information, and determine the moving range of surface rock mass affected by the caving mining according to the mining area information and the mine geological information;

[0008] Determine a grouting area covering the moving range of the surface rock mass according to the moving range of the surface rock mass;

[0009] Determine grouting hole information according to the grouting area, so as to perform drilling and grouting operations according to the grouting hole information.

[0010] In some embodiments, the grouting hole information includes the distribution mode of the grouting holes, and a plurality of the grouting holes are arranged in multiple rows and columns. Each row includes a plurality of grouting holes arranged at intervals in a first direction, and each column includes a plurality of grouting holes arranged at intervals in a second direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, a plurality of the grouting holes are evenly distributed in the first direction, and a plurality of the grouting holes are evenly distributed in the second direction.

[0012] In some embodiments, the grouting hole information further includes the spacing between the grouting holes, and the spacing between adjacent rows of the grouting holes is equal to the spacing between adjacent columns of the grouting holes.

[0013] In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent rows of the grouting holes and / or the spacing between adjacent columns of the grouting holes is 5 m to 10 m.

[0014] In some embodiments, the geological data includes the thickness of the granular sediment, the grouting hole information further includes the depth of the grouting hole, and the depth of the grouting hole is greater than the thickness of the granular sediment.

[0015] In some embodiments, before performing the drilling and grouting operation according to the grouting hole information, the following steps are further included: determining the slurry preparation parameters according to the mine geological information, and preparing the slurry according to the slurry preparation parameters.

[0016] In some embodiments, after performing the drilling and grouting operation according to the drilling information, the following steps are further included:

[0017] Determining quality inspection holes according to the grouting hole information;

[0018] After the slurry has solidified, performing a drilling and sampling operation on the quality inspection holes to obtain drill cores;

[0019] Obtaining the slurry diffusion condition and the slurry solidification condition of the drill cores.

[0020] In some embodiments, the number of the quality inspection holes is multiple, and the multiple quality inspection holes are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns. Each row includes multiple quality inspection holes arranged at intervals in the first direction, each column includes quality inspection holes arranged at intervals in the second direction, the multiple rows of quality inspection holes and the multiple rows of grouting holes are alternately arranged in the second direction in sequence, and the multiple columns of quality inspection holes and the multiple columns of grouting holes are alternately arranged in the first direction in sequence.

[0021] In some embodiments, at least one of the quality inspection holes is a middle quality inspection hole, and four grouting holes are arranged around the middle quality inspection hole, and the distance between the middle quality inspection hole and the four grouting holes around it is equal.

[0022] The debris flow prevention and control method applicable to caving mining in the embodiments of the present invention has a grouting area that can cover the surface rock mass movement range. Drilling and grouting operations are performed in the grouting area, and the slurry diffuses and merges from the grouting holes. The surface loose sediments form an integral body after the slurry solidifies, so that it is possible to prevent the surface loose sediments from forming debris flow under the scouring of surface water flow, control the source of the materials of the underground debris flow, and prevent the occurrence of debris flow. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1It is a flow chart of a debris flow prevention and control method applicable to caving mining in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a distribution diagram of grouting holes of a debris flow prevention and control method applicable to caving mining in an embodiment of the present invention on a horizontal plane.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of grouting holes of a debris flow prevention and control method applicable to caving mining in an embodiment of the present invention along a vertical plane.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 101, ore body to be mined; 102, surface rock mass movement range; 103, grouting hole; 104, quality inspection hole; 105, granular sediment; 106, grouting area. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, the debris flow prevention and control method applicable to caving mining in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0030] Obtain mining area information and mine geological information, and determine the surface rock mass movement range 102 affected by caving mining according to the mining area information and the mine geological information;

[0031] Determine the grouting area 106 covering the surface rock mass movement range 102 according to the surface rock mass movement range 102;

[0032] Determine grouting hole information according to the grouting area 106, and perform drilling and grouting operations according to the grouting hole information.

[0033] For the debris flow prevention and control method applicable to caving mining in an embodiment of the present invention, the grouting area 106 can cover the surface rock mass movement range 102. Drilling and grouting operations are performed in the grouting area 106. The slurry diffuses and fuses around from the grouting holes 103, and the surface loose sediments form a whole after the slurry solidifies, so that the surface loose sediments can be prevented from forming debris flows under the scouring of surface water flows, and the material source of the underground debris flows can be controlled at the source to prevent debris flows from occurring.

[0034] In addition, the debris flow prevention and control method in the embodiment of the present invention only requires one-time construction and does not require secondary construction along with mining. The prevention and control project quantity is relatively small and the cost is relatively low.

[0035] It is known that when mining by the caving method, as the ore is mined out, a mined-out area is formed underground. The rock strata above the mined-out area gradually collapse downward in a funnel shape. When the movement of the rock strata is transmitted to the ground surface, the ground surface collapses into a funnel-shaped collapse pit, and the loose sediments or weathered accumulations on the ground surface move towards the collapse area accordingly; the above-mentioned ground surface rock mass movement range 102 is the movement range of the loose sediments on the ground surface.

[0036] Optionally, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the mining area information includes the horizontal projection area of the ore body 101 to be mined and the height of the ore body 101 to be mined from the ground surface.

[0037] Optionally, the mine geological information includes topographic conditions, water source conditions, the distribution range of the granular sediment 105, the thickness of the granular sediment 105 (as Figure 3 shown), the particle gradation of the granular sediment 105 and the particle composition of the granular sediment 105.

[0038] Thus, according to the horizontal projection area of the ore body 101 to be mined and the height of the ore body 101 to be mined from the ground surface, through the method for determining the ground surface rock mass movement range, the damage degree at different positions on the ground surface from the ore body 101 to be mined can be predicted, and then the projection range of the ground surface rock mass movement range 102 affected by the caving method mining in the horizontal direction can be determined; according to the thickness of the ground surface granular sediment 105, the thickness of the ground surface rock mass movement range 102 can be determined; thus, the boundaries of the ground surface rock mass movement range 102 in the horizontal and vertical directions can be determined.

[0039] Those skilled in the art can understand that the method for determining the ground surface rock mass movement range includes a theoretical analysis method and a numerical simulation method; the theoretical analysis method mainly uses the progressive caving limit equilibrium analysis method of the roof to analyze the caving angle and caving range of the rock mass formed at different mining depths; the numerical analysis method mainly uses the geological model established by the FLAC 3D numerical simulation software to predict the movement of the mining overlying rock and the degree and range of ground surface deformation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0040] Furthermore, according to the ground surface rock mass movement range 102, the grouting area 106 can be determined. The grouting area 106 can cover the ground surface rock mass movement range 102 in both the horizontal and vertical directions, so that the ground surface granular sediment 105 can form a whole after the slurry is consolidated, thereby preventing the loose sediments on the ground surface from forming mudslides under the scouring of surface water.

[0041] Optionally, as Figure 2 shown, the projection of the grouting area 106 on the horizontal plane is rectangular and can completely cover the projection of the ground surface rock mass movement range 102 on the horizontal plane.

[0042] Thus, multiple grouting holes 103 are rectangularly distributed in the grouting area 106, and the construction efficiency is higher when drilling and grouting operations are carried out on the multiple grouting holes 103.

[0043] Of course, in other embodiments, the projection of the grouting area 106 on the horizontal plane can also be set to a circular shape, a trapezoidal shape or an irregular shape, as long as it can completely cover the surface rock movement area.

[0044] Optionally, in the drilling and grouting operation according to the grouting hole information, high-pressure grouting is adopted, and the grouting sequence is from bottom to top. During the grouting process, parameters such as grouting pressure, grouting flow rate and grouting time are strictly controlled and adjusted in a timely manner according to the slurry diffusion situation to prevent the grouting pressure from being too high and breaking through the grouting hole 103. At the same time, the slurry can diffuse outward and cross-fuse with the slurry of adjacent grouting holes 103, so as to achieve the full coverage of the slurry on the surface rock mass movement range 102, so that the granular sediment 105 in the surface rock movement area can form a whole after the slurry is solidified.

[0045] Optionally, in the drilling and grouting operation according to the grouting hole information, drilling and grouting are completed in one step by using a drilling and grouting device, and the construction efficiency is relatively high.

[0046] In other embodiments, in the drilling and grouting operation according to the grouting hole information, drilling and grouting can also be completed in two steps by using a drilling device and a grouting device respectively.

[0047] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the grouting hole information includes the distribution mode of the grouting holes 103. The multiple grouting holes 103 are arranged in multiple rows and columns. Each row includes multiple grouting holes 103 arranged at intervals in the first direction, and each column includes multiple grouting holes 103 arranged at intervals in the second direction.

[0048] In some embodiments, the multiple grouting holes 103 are evenly distributed in the first direction, and the multiple grouting holes 103 are evenly distributed in the second direction.

[0049] In some embodiments, the grouting hole information further includes the spacing between the grouting holes 103. The spacing between adjacent rows of grouting holes 103 is equal to the spacing between adjacent columns of grouting holes 103.

[0050] The multiple grouting holes 103 are evenly distributed in multiple rows and columns in the grouting area 106. The spacing between each grouting hole 103 and multiple surrounding grouting holes 103 is equal. After the slurry in the multiple grouting holes 103 diffuses, it can cross-fuse with the slurry diffused from the surrounding grouting holes 103. The slurry distribution is relatively uniform, so that the overall stability of the consolidation formed by the slurry and the surface particulate matter is relatively high, thereby ensuring the stability of the surface particulate matter during rainfall and preventing debris flow from occurring to the surface particulate matter under the scouring of rainwater.

[0051] In addition, multiple grouting holes 103 are arranged in multiple rows and columns, which is convenient for construction management. For example, drilling and grouting operations can be carried out on multiple grouting holes 103 simultaneously from different directions, accelerating the construction progress.

[0052] In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent two rows of grouting holes 103 and / or the spacing between adjacent two columns of grouting holes 103 is 5m - 10m.

[0053] In other words, the spacing between two adjacent grouting holes 103 in the same row is 5m - 10m, such as 5m, 6m, 7m, 8m, 9m or 10m, and the spacing between two adjacent grouting holes 103 in the same column is 5m - 10m, 5m, 6m, 7m, 8m, 9m or 10m.

[0054] Thus, the diffusion range of the grout can be reasonably controlled to ensure that the grout can completely cover the grouting area 106 after diffusion.

[0055] It can be understood that the number and distribution density of the grouting holes 103 are affected by many factors. For example, in the case of large ore deposit thickness, large thickness of surface granular sediment 105, large terrain slope, etc. in caving mining, the source of debris flow materials is relatively abundant, and at this time, the spacing of the grouting holes 103 can be appropriately reduced. During the construction process, those skilled in the art can perform operations such as supplementing the grouting holes 103 and adjusting the spacing of the grouting holes 103 according to the construction conditions of the surface rock mass movement range 102 in the mining area to ensure that the grout can completely cover the surface rock mass movement range 102 after the drilling and grouting operations are completed.

[0056] Optionally, the grouting hole information further includes the aperture of the grouting hole 103, and the aperture of the grouting hole 103 is 75mm - 110mm.

[0057] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, the geological data includes the thickness of the granular sediment 105, the grouting hole information further includes the depth of the grouting hole 103, and the depth of the grouting hole 103 is greater than the thickness of the granular sediment 105.

[0058] In other words, the final hole depth of the grouting hole 103 reaches the bottom of the surface granular sediment 105 and extends to the intact rock layer below the surface granular sediment 105. Thus, the grouting hole 103 penetrates the entire surface rock mass movement range 102 from top to bottom, which can ensure that the grout diffuses along the vertical direction to cover the entire surface rock mass movement range 102, enabling the granular sediment 105 within the surface rock mass movement range 102 to be consolidated into a whole, thereby preventing the occurrence of underground debris flow.

[0059] In some embodiments, before performing the drilling and grouting operation according to the grouting hole information, the following steps are further included: determining the slurry preparation parameters according to the mine geological information, and preparing the slurry according to the slurry preparation parameters.

[0060] Specifically, the slurry preparation parameters include the slurry material and the slurry ratio. According to the surface particle composition and the surface particle gradation, the slurry material and the slurry ratio can be determined, so that the diffusion radius of the slurry is relatively far, and after the slurry is consolidated with the small particle sediment 105, its anti-scouring ability, tensile and shear resistance are relatively strong, which can control the source of the materials for the underground debris flow and prevent the occurrence of debris flow.

[0061] Optionally, the slurry is pure cement slurry.

[0062] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, after performing the drilling and grouting operation according to the drilling information, the following steps are further included:

[0063] Determining the quality inspection hole 104 according to the grouting hole information;

[0064] After the slurry is consolidated, performing a drilling and sampling operation on the quality inspection hole 104 to obtain a drilling core;

[0065] Obtaining the slurry diffusion condition and the slurry consolidation condition of the drilling core.

[0066] Through the above steps, the quality of the drilling and grouting operation is inspected after the slurry is consolidated. If the drilling core is loose material, it means that the slurry has not spread to the position where the quality inspection hole 104 is located or the amount of the spread slurry is small, resulting in poor consolidation effect. It is judged that the grouting quality of the quality inspection hole 104 is unqualified, and a supplementary grouting operation is required.

[0067] Optionally, a drilling and sampling operation is performed on the quality inspection hole 104, wherein the depth of the drilling and sampling is equal to the depth of the grouting hole 103.

[0068] Thus, the obtained drilling core can penetrate the surface rock movement area in the vertical direction, so as to comprehensively inspect the grouting quality.

[0069] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the number of the quality inspection holes 104 is multiple, and the multiple quality inspection holes 104 are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns. Each row includes multiple quality inspection holes 104 arranged at intervals in the first direction, each column includes quality inspection holes 104 arranged at intervals in the second direction, the multiple rows of quality inspection holes 104 and the multiple rows of grouting holes 103 are arranged alternately in the second direction, and the multiple columns of quality inspection holes 104 and the multiple columns of grouting holes 103 are arranged alternately in the first direction.

[0070] In other words, one row of quality inspection holes 104 is provided between every two rows of grouting holes 103, and one column of quality inspection holes 104 is provided between every two columns of grouting holes 103, so as to comprehensively inspect the quality of the grouting area 106, obtain the slurry diffusion condition and slurry consolidation condition of the entire grouting area 106, and perform supplementary grouting on the areas with unqualified grouting quality.

[0071] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, at least one quality inspection hole 104 is a middle quality inspection hole, and four grouting holes 103 are provided around the middle quality inspection hole, and the distance between the middle quality inspection hole and the four surrounding grouting holes 103 is equal.

[0072] Exemplarily, as Figure 2 shown, the distance between two adjacent grouting holes 103 in the same row, the distance between two adjacent grouting holes 103 in the same column, the distance between two adjacent quality inspection holes 104 in the same row, and the distance between two adjacent quality inspection holes 104 in the same column are all equal. The quality inspection holes 104 and the grouting holes 103 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the quality inspection holes 104 are located at the center positions of four grouting holes 103 distributed in a rectangular shape, and this quality inspection hole 104 is the above-mentioned middle quality inspection hole.

[0073] By taking drill samples from the quality inspection holes 104, the slurry diffusion condition of the four grouting holes 103 around the quality inspection holes 104 can be obtained. The slurry diffusion condition in the drill cores can also reflect the slurry diffusion uniformity, and the inspection efficiency for the grouting quality is relatively high.

[0074] Optionally, the underground debris flow prevention and control method applicable to caving mining includes:

[0075] Determine the grouting hole information according to the grouting area 106, and perform drilling and grouting operations on part of the grouting area 106 according to the grouting hole information;

[0076] Determine the quality inspection holes 104 according to the grouting hole information;

[0077] After the slurry is consolidated, perform drilling and sampling operations on the quality inspection holes 104 to obtain drill cores, and determine the grouting quality through the slurry diffusion condition and slurry consolidation condition of the drill cores;

[0078] If the grouting quality is qualified, continue to perform drilling and grouting operations on the remaining areas according to the grouting hole information. If the grouting quality is unqualified, modify the grouting hole information, and perform drilling and grouting operations on the remaining areas according to the modified grouting hole information.

[0079] Among them, modifying the grouting hole information means: shortening the distance between the grouting holes 103.

[0080] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0081] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0082] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communicable with each other; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0083] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0084] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0085] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Acquiring mining area information and mine geological information, and determining the range of surface rock movement affected by the caving mining according to the mining area information and the mine geological information; Determining a grouting area covering the movement range of the surface rock mass according to the movement range of the surface rock mass; The grouting hole information is determined according to the grouting area, so as to perform drilling and grouting operations according to the grouting hole information.

2. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting hole information includes the distribution of the grouting holes. The multiple grouting holes are arranged in multiple rows and columns. Each row includes multiple grouting holes arranged at intervals along a first direction, and each column includes multiple grouting holes arranged at intervals along a second direction.

3. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of grouting holes are evenly distributed along the first direction, and the plurality of grouting holes are evenly distributed along the second direction.

4. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grouting hole information also includes the spacing between the grouting holes, and the spacing between the grouting holes in two adjacent rows is equal to the spacing between the grouting holes in two adjacent columns.

5. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing between two adjacent rows of grouting holes and / or the spacing between two adjacent columns of grouting holes is 5m to 10m.

6. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The geological data includes the thickness of the granular sediment, and the grouting hole information also includes the depth of the grouting hole, and the depth of the grouting hole is greater than the thickness of the granular sediment.

7. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Before performing the drilling and grouting operation according to the grouting hole information, the following steps are also included: The slurry preparation parameters are determined according to the mine geological information, and the slurry is prepared according to the slurry preparation parameters.

8. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the drilling and grouting operation is performed according to the drilling information, the following steps are also included: Determine the quality inspection hole according to the grouting hole information; After the slurry solidifies, drilling and sampling operations are performed on the quality inspection hole to obtain a drill core; The slurry diffusion and slurry consolidation conditions of the drill core are obtained.

9. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to claim 8, characterized in that: The number of the quality inspection holes is multiple, and the multiple quality inspection holes are arranged in multiple rows and columns. Each row includes multiple quality inspection holes arranged at intervals along the first direction, and each column includes multiple quality inspection holes arranged at intervals along the second direction. The multiple rows of quality inspection holes and the multiple rows of grouting holes are arranged alternately in sequence along the second direction, and the multiple columns of quality inspection holes and the multiple columns of grouting holes are arranged alternately in sequence along the first direction.

10. The method for preventing and controlling debris flow in caving mining according to claim 9, characterized in that: At least one of the quality inspection holes is a central quality inspection hole, and four grouting holes are arranged around the central quality inspection hole, and the distance between the central quality inspection hole and the four grouting holes around it is equal.

Images