Solid hydrogen storage tank and hydrogen storage method

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage method, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage. Wherein the solid hydrogen storage tank comprises a plurality of accommodating cavities which are arranged in a shell along the gravity direction and are communicated with one another, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet which are communicated with the accommodating cavities are formed in the shell; the tank bodies are detachably arranged in the shell, one tank body is accommodated in each accommodating cavity, and the tank bodies are used for accommodating a hydrogen storage medium; the gas pipe is partially located in the shell and selectively communicated with the interior of any tank body so that hydrogen can enter or leave the interior of the tank body, or selectively separated from the interior of any tank body, and at least one end of the gas pipe is located outside the shell; the electromagnetic coil is arranged in the tank body, the hydrogen storage medium comprises superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles, the electromagnetic coil is used for providing a constant magnetic field so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles can be fixed relative to the tank body, and the electromagnetic coil is further used for providing an alternating magnetic field so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles can generate heat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage method. Background Art

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure towards cleaner and lower-carbon, hydrogen energy is regarded as a core component of the future energy system due to its advantages such as high energy density, zero carbon emissions, and wide sources. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen energy has long been limited by the bottleneck of storage and transportation technologies. Traditional hydrogen storage technologies (such as high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage) have problems such as low safety, high energy consumption, and high cost, and there is an urgent need for more competitive solutions. In this context, solid-state high-pressure hydrogen storage technology has emerged as a frontier direction to break through the contradiction between hydrogen storage density and safety.

[0003] With the development of the hydrogen storage industry, the technology of high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage tanks has become increasingly mature, and the designs of hydrogen storage tanks are also diverse. However, in the prior art, the restrictive measures for the hydrogen storage alloy powder inside the tank still need to be improved. During the hydrogen absorption / desorption process, due to the gas flow and the change in alloy volume, it is easy to cause the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage alloy powder inside the device, which will significantly reduce the hydrogen storage performance of the alloy. At the same time, the accumulation of alloy powder is likely to cause stress concentration inside the tank, which will lead to the cracking of the container and pipeline, greatly affecting the stability and safety of the hydrogen storage tank. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage method, which can reduce the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium inside the hydrogen storage tank.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a solid-state hydrogen storage tank, including a housing, a tank body, a gas pipe, and an electromagnetic coil. The housing has a plurality of accommodating cavities arranged along the gravity direction and communicating with each other, and the housing is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet communicating with the accommodating cavities; the tank body is detachably arranged inside the housing, and each accommodating cavity contains one tank body, and the tank body is used to accommodate the hydrogen storage medium; a part of the gas pipe is located inside the housing and can be selectively communicated with the inside of any one of the tank bodies for hydrogen to enter or leave the inside of the tank body, or can be selectively cut off from the inside of any one of the tank bodies, and at least one end of the gas pipe is located outside the housing; the electromagnetic coil is arranged inside the tank body, the hydrogen storage medium includes superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles, and the electromagnetic coil is used to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body, and the electromagnetic coil is also used to provide an alternating magnetic field to make the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat.

[0006] Specifically, during the hydrogen absorption process, a cooling medium is injected into the accommodating cavity through the liquid inlet, and the cooling medium is discharged through the liquid outlet to form a circulation of the cooling medium, thereby reducing the temperature in the accommodating cavity and further reducing the temperature of the tank body. A direct current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil to enable the electromagnetic coil to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body, and then fix the hydrogen storage medium relative to the tank body, thereby reducing the flow, aggregation, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium when hydrogen is filled, ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium, and avoiding internal stress concentration in the tank body caused by the accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium and the bursting of the container and pipeline. Subsequently, hydrogen is filled into the tank body through the gas pipe until the pressure in the tank body reaches the threshold value, and then the gas pipe is switched to communicate with the next tank body.

[0007] In the hydrogen release step, the gas pipe is connected to any one of the tank bodies; an alternating current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil to enable the electromagnetic coil to provide an alternating magnetic field to cause the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release.

[0008] In the above technical solution, an electromagnetic coil is arranged in the tank body, and the superparamagnetic nanoparticles and the hydrogen storage particles together form the hydrogen storage medium. On the one hand, a direct current can be supplied to the electromagnetic coil to enable the electromagnetic coil to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body, and then fix the hydrogen storage medium relative to the tank body, thereby reducing the flow, aggregation, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium when hydrogen is filled, ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium, and avoiding internal stress concentration in the tank body caused by the accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium and the bursting of the container and pipeline. Subsequently, hydrogen is filled into the tank body through the gas pipe until the pressure in the tank body reaches the threshold value, and then the gas pipe is switched to communicate with the next tank body. On the other hand, an alternating current can be supplied to the electromagnetic coil to enable the electromagnetic coil to provide an alternating magnetic field to cause the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release. Thus, while ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium and avoiding internal stress concentration in the tank body caused by the accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium and the bursting of the container and pipeline. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank can release hydrogen faster.

[0009] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a heating element, a protective sleeve, and a heat insulation sleeve. The heating element is wound around the inner peripheral side of the tank body and is used to provide heat to the inside of the tank body; the protective sleeve is spirally arranged inside the tank body, the heating element is arranged inside the protective sleeve and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve, and the electromagnetic coil is arranged inside the protective sleeve and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve; the heat insulation sleeve is sleeved outside the electromagnetic coil and is located inside the protective sleeve.

[0010] In the above technical solution, by arranging both the heating element and the electromagnetic coil inside the protective sleeve, the space occupied by the heating element and the electromagnetic coil inside the tank is reduced, the volume of the hydrogen storage medium that can be stored inside the tank is increased, and the hydrogen storage capacity of the tank is increased. At the same time, by releasing heat from the heating element into the tank, it can cooperate with the heat generated by the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to accelerate the discharge speed when hydrogen is released. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0011] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a mounting pipe and a conducting wire. A part of the mounting pipe is located inside the housing and is in communication with the interior of the tank, and at least one end of the mounting pipe is located outside the housing; the conducting wire is disposed inside the mounting pipe for electrically connecting the electromagnetic coil and the power source, and for electrically connecting the heating element and the power source.

[0012] In the above technical solution, by arranging the mounting pipe and the conducting wire, it is convenient to connect the heat conducting element and the electromagnetic coil inside the tank to the power source outside the housing. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0013] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a connecting pipe and a filter screen. The connecting pipe has a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other. The first end is in communication with the gas pipe, a connecting hole for inserting the connecting pipe is formed on the tank body, and the second end is inserted into the connecting hole; the filter screen is disposed inside the connecting pipe for filtering hydrogen.

[0014] In the above technical solution, by arranging the filter screen in the connecting pipe, during the process of releasing hydrogen, the risk of the powder of the hydrogen storage medium entering the gas pipe can be reduced, and further the risk of the pipeline bursting can be reduced.

[0015] In some embodiments, the filter screen is provided with filter holes for hydrogen to pass through, and the filter screens are multiple and arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the connecting pipe. In the direction from the second end to the first end, the size of the filter holes gradually increases.

[0016] In the above technical solution, in the direction from the second end to the first end, the size of the filter holes gradually increases. The filter screen is provided with a multi-layer structure and the aperture gradually increases. Larger particles can be intercepted by the first few layers to reduce the burden on the subsequent layers, thereby prolonging the overall service life and improving the processing efficiency. At the same time, the design of the multi-layer structure can also achieve hierarchical filtration of particles of different sizes, improving the filtration accuracy and flexibility. At the same time, during the process of filling hydrogen, the hydrogen can drive the particles intercepted by the latter filter screen in the direction from the second end to the first end to pass through the former filter screen, so as to facilitate the particles to return to the tank.

[0017] In some embodiments, a flow guiding groove is provided on the inner wall of the connecting pipe, and the flow guiding groove is located between the first end and the filter screen.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the guide groove is located between the first end and the filter, so that turbulence is formed between the first end and the filter during the process of filling with hydrogen, which makes it easier for hydrogen to drive the particles along the direction from the second end to the first end. The particles intercepted by the rear filter pass through the front filter, thereby facilitating the particles to return to the tank body.

[0019] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes an electrically controlled valve, through which the first end is disposed on the gas pipe, and the electrically controlled valve is used to connect or disconnect the first end and the interior of the gas pipe.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the air pipe can be selectively connected to or disconnected from the interior of any of the tanks through the electric control valve, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0021] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a heat conductor, which is a plurality of heat conductors stacked in the tank body along the gravity direction, and a side of the heat conductor facing away from the tank body is recessed to form a receiving tank for receiving the hydrogen storage medium.

[0022] In the above technical solution, heat conduction is enhanced by heat conducting parts, and the thermal management efficiency is higher, so that the combination and separation of hydrogen and powder are more complete and rapid, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of hydrogen absorption and desorption.

[0023] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a detection device having a measuring portion located inside the tank body, and the measuring portion is used to measure the temperature value, pressure value and hydrogen concentration of the tank body.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the temperature value, pressure value and hydrogen concentration of the tank body are measured by a detection device so that the operator can understand the working conditions inside the tank body and improve the reliability of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0025] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for storing hydrogen using any solid-state hydrogen storage tank described in the first aspect, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1. Hydrogen absorption step, comprising:

[0027] S11. Injecting cooling medium into the accommodating cavity through the liquid inlet;

[0028] S12. supplying direct current to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank;

[0029] S13. Fill the tank with hydrogen through the gas pipe;

[0030] S14. When the pressure in the tank reaches a threshold, the air pipe is switched to connect with the next tank;

[0031] S15. Repeat steps S11 - S14 until the pressures in all the tanks reach the threshold value;

[0032] S2. Hydrogen release step, including:

[0033] S21. Connect the trachea to any one of the tanks;

[0034] S22. Provide alternating current to the electromagnetic coil to make the electromagnetic coil provide an alternating magnetic field, so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release;

[0035] S23. After the hydrogen is released, disconnect the trachea from any one of the tanks, and inject a cooling medium into the accommodation cavity through the liquid inlet to reduce the temperature inside the tank. Description of the Drawings

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the solid hydrogen storage tank provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of the solid hydrogen storage tank in another direction provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the protective sleeve provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the tank provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the connecting pipe provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure:

[0043] 10 - housing; 11 - outer shell; 12 - separator; 121 - partition; 122 - abutting block; 111 - liquid inlet; 112 - liquid outlet; 113 - accommodation cavity; 114 - opening; 20 - tank; 21 - plug; 22 - connection hole; 30 - trachea; 31 - electric control valve; 40 - protective sleeve; 41 - electromagnetic coil; 42 - heating element; 43 - heat insulation sleeve; 50 - installation pipe; 51 - socket; 60 - connecting pipe; 601 - first end; 602 - second end; 603 - diversion groove; 61 - filter screen; 70 - heat conducting member. Detailed Embodiments

[0044] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0046] The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0047] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] With the global energy structure transforming towards cleaner and lower-carbon forms, hydrogen energy is regarded as a core component of the future energy system due to its advantages such as high energy density, zero carbon emissions, and wide sources. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen energy has long been restricted by the bottleneck of storage and transportation technologies. Traditional hydrogen storage technologies (such as high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage) have problems such as low safety, high energy consumption, and high costs, and there is an urgent need for more competitive solutions. Against this background, solid-state high-pressure hydrogen storage technology has emerged and become a frontier direction for breaking through the contradiction between hydrogen storage density and safety.

[0049] With the development of the hydrogen storage industry, the technology of high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage tanks has become increasingly mature, and the designs of hydrogen storage tanks are also diverse. However, in the prior art, the restrictive measures for the hydrogen storage alloy powder inside the tank still need to be improved. During the hydrogen absorption / desorption process, due to the gas flow and the change in alloy volume, it is easy to cause the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage alloy powder inside the device, which will significantly reduce the hydrogen storage performance of the alloy. At the same time, the accumulation of alloy powder is likely to cause stress concentration inside the tank, leading to the cracking of the container and pipeline, and greatly affecting the stability and safety of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0050] To solve the above technical problems, referring to Figures 1 - 3 , an embodiment of the present application provides a solid-state hydrogen storage tank, including a housing 10, a tank body 20, a gas pipe 30, and an electromagnetic coil 41. The housing 10 has a plurality of accommodating cavities 113 arranged along the gravity direction and communicating with each other. The housing 10 is provided with a liquid inlet 111 and a liquid outlet 112 communicating with the accommodating cavity 113; the tank body 20 is detachably arranged in the housing 10, and each accommodating cavity 113 contains a tank body 20, and the tank body 20 is used to accommodate a hydrogen storage medium; a part of the gas pipe 30 is located in the housing 10 and can be selectively communicated with the inside of any one of the tank bodies 20 to supply hydrogen to enter or leave the inside of the tank body 20, or can be selectively cut off from the inside of any one of the tank bodies 20, and at least one end of the gas pipe 30 is located outside the housing 10; the electromagnetic coil 41 is arranged in the tank body 20, the hydrogen storage medium includes superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles, and the electromagnetic coil 41 is used to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body 20, and the electromagnetic coil 41 is also used to provide an alternating magnetic field to generate heat for the superparamagnetic nanoparticles.

[0051] The housing 10 is a shell-like structure for accommodating other structural components in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank. Exemplarily, the housing 10 can be made of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material to reduce the weight of the housing 10, and the outside of the housing 10 can be wrapped with ceramic fibers to reduce the heat exchange between the inside of the housing 10 and the outside.

[0052] The accommodating cavity 113 is a cavity for accommodating the tank body 20. Understandably, the accommodating cavity 113 corresponds to the tank body 20 one by one.

[0053] As the name implies, the liquid inlet 111 is a flow port for the cooling medium to enter the accommodating cavity 113, and the liquid outlet 112 is a flow port for the cooling medium to flow out of the accommodating cavity 113. In some embodiments, the liquid inlet 111 and the liquid outlet 112 are respectively located at opposite ends of the housing 10 in the gravity direction, and the liquid inlet 111 is located above the liquid outlet 112.

[0054] Exemplarily, the cooling medium can be an ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

[0055] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the housing 10 includes an outer shell 11, a cover body (not shown in the figure), and a separator 12. An opening 114 is provided on one side of the outer shell 11, and the cover body is detachably arranged on the outer shell 11 to close the opening 114. The separator 12 is a plurality of spaced along the gravity direction in the outer shell 11 to divide the inside of the outer shell 11 into a plurality of accommodating cavities 113. The separator 12 includes a partition plate 121 and an abutting block 122. The partition plate 121 is C-shaped with a notch, and the abutting block 122 is arranged on one side of the partition plate 121 in the gravity direction to abut against the tank body 20, so that there is a gap for the cooling medium to flow between the tank body 20 and the inner wall of the outer shell 11. Exemplarily, the separator 12 is detachably connected to the outer shell 11.

[0056] The tank body 20 includes an inner container and a fiber winding layer wound around the outside of the inner container. The fiber winding layer is formed by impregnating glass fiber, carbon fiber, and composite fiber in epoxy resin and then winding them on the outside of the inner container under a certain tension and curing with the inner container to form an integral body. The fiber layer is a composite reinforcement layer and jointly bears the internal pressure with the inner container. Since the strength of the fiber winding layer is higher than that of steel and the density is lower than that of steel, the weight of the tank body 20 is reduced by 1 / 3 compared with that of a traditional pure steel equal-volume bottle, greatly improving the hydrogen storage rate per unit weight of the tank body 20. At the same time, since the surface of the tank body 20 is coated with epoxy resin, it has good insulation and reduces the risk of static electricity ignition of the tank body 20.

[0057] It should be noted that, for the convenience of observing the structure inside the tank body 20, Figure 1 the tank body 20 is in an open state in [description], and the tank body 20 should be a closed shell structure during actual use.

[0058] Superparamagnetic nanoparticles are particles made of a magnetic material. The size of the particles is reduced to a critical value. Taking the magnetic material as Fe3O4 as an example, when the size of the nanoparticles is reduced to the critical value (such as 16 nm for Fe3O4), the particles exhibit a superparamagnetic state without remanence and coercive force, that is, they are quickly magnetized under the action of an external magnetic field and the magnetism disappears after the magnetic field is removed. It generates heat under the induction of an alternating magnetic field.

[0059] The electromagnetic coil 41 is an electronic component that works based on the principle of electromagnetic induction and is formed by winding a wire. By setting the tank body 20 as an insulating part, on the one hand, the tank body 20 provides mechanical support to ensure that the coil is wound tightly and the shape is stable, thereby optimizing the magnetic field distribution and reducing the influence of the wire being loose or sliding on the calculation accuracy of the inductance and inductive reactance; on the other hand, the tank body 20 can reduce the magnetic leakage under high-frequency current.

[0060] An alternating magnetic field refers to the magnetic field generated by driving the electromagnetic coil 41 with alternating current, and its magnetic induction intensity and direction will change alternately with time according to a certain law (such as a sine wave). For example, when alternating current passes through the electromagnetic coil 41, the magnetic field around the coil will continuously switch polarities, forming a dynamically changing magnetic field.

[0061] The hydrogen storage particles can be particles of metal hydrides such as magnesium nickel, magnesium copper, titanium manganese, etc.

[0062] Specifically, during the hydrogen absorption process, a cooling medium is injected into the accommodation cavity 113 through the liquid inlet 111, and the cooling medium is discharged through the liquid outlet 112 to form a circulation of the cooling medium, thereby reducing the temperature in the accommodation cavity 113 and thus reducing the temperature of the tank body 20. A direct current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil 41 to enable the electromagnetic coil 41 to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body 20, and thus fix the hydrogen storage medium relative to the tank body 20, thereby reducing the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium when hydrogen is filled, ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium, and avoiding internal stress concentration in the tank body 20 caused by the accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium and the bursting of the container and pipeline. Subsequently, hydrogen is filled into the tank body 20 through the gas pipe 30 until the pressure in the tank body 20 reaches the threshold value, and then the gas pipe 30 is switched to communicate with the next tank body 20.

[0063] In the hydrogen release step, the gas pipe 30 is connected to any one of the tank bodies 20; an alternating current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil 41 to enable the electromagnetic coil 41 to provide an alternating magnetic field to generate heat in the superparamagnetic nanoparticles, thereby promoting hydrogen release.

[0064] In this technical solution, an electromagnetic coil 41 is arranged in the tank body 20, and the superparamagnetic nanoparticles and the hydrogen storage particles together form a hydrogen storage medium. On the one hand, a direct current can be supplied to the electromagnetic coil 41 to enable the electromagnetic coil 41 to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body 20, and thus fix the hydrogen storage medium relative to the tank body 20, thereby reducing the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium when hydrogen is filled, ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium, and avoiding internal stress concentration in the tank body 20 caused by the accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium and the bursting of the container and pipeline. Subsequently, hydrogen is filled into the tank body 20 through the gas pipe 30 until the pressure in the tank body 20 reaches the threshold value, and then the gas pipe 30 is switched to communicate with the next tank body 20. On the other hand, an alternating current can be supplied to the electromagnetic coil 41 to enable the electromagnetic coil 41 to provide an alternating magnetic field to generate heat in the superparamagnetic nanoparticles, thereby promoting hydrogen release. Thus, while ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium and avoiding internal stress concentration in the tank body 20 caused by the accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium and the bursting of the container and pipeline. The solid hydrogen storage tank can release hydrogen faster.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figure 3 and Figure 4, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a heating element 42, a protective sleeve 40, and a heat insulation sleeve 43. The heating element 42 is wound around the inner peripheral side of the tank body 20 and is used to provide heat to the inside of the tank body 20; the protective sleeve 40 is spirally arranged inside the tank body 20, the heating element 42 is arranged inside the protective sleeve 40 and extends along the extending direction of the protective sleeve 40, and the electromagnetic coil 41 is arranged inside the protective sleeve 40 and extends along the extending direction of the protective sleeve 40; the heat insulation sleeve 43 is sleeved outside the electromagnetic coil 41 and is located inside the protective sleeve 40.

[0066] The heating element 42 can be an electrothermal couple, which can convert electrical energy into resistance heat energy after passing through an electric current to increase the temperature inside the tank body 20.

[0067] Both the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 are arranged inside the protective sleeve 40 so that the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 jointly occupy part of the space inside the tank body 20, reducing the occupied amount of the space inside the tank body 20 by the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41. At the same time, it is convenient to connect the power supply to the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41.

[0068] The heat insulation sleeve 43 can be a ceramic fiber layer.

[0069] In this technical solution, by arranging both the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 inside the protective sleeve 40, the space inside the tank body 20 occupied by the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 is reduced, the volume of the hydrogen storage medium that can be stored inside the tank body 20 is increased, and the hydrogen storage capacity of the tank body 20 is increased. At the same time, by releasing heat into the tank body 20 through the heating element 42, it can cooperate with the heat generated by the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to accelerate the discharge speed when hydrogen is released. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0070] According to some embodiments of the present application, please refer to Figures 1 - 4 , the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes an installation pipe 50 and a conducting wire. Part of the installation pipe 50 is located inside the housing 10 and is in communication with the inside of the tank body 20. At least one end of the installation pipe 50 is located outside the housing 10; the conducting wire is arranged inside the installation pipe 50 to be used for electrically connecting the electromagnetic coil 41 and the power supply, and for electrically connecting the heating element 42 and the power supply.

[0071] Exemplarily, the installation pipe 50 is made of 316L stainless steel so that the installation pipe 50 has good anti-hydrogen embrittlement characteristics. The inside of the installation pipe 50 is wrapped with ceramic fiber to reduce the influence of external heat changes on the circuit. The installation pipe 50 is provided with sockets 51 corresponding to the accommodation cavities 113 one by one, and the tank body 20 is provided with sockets 51 electrically connected to the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41. When the tank body 20 is inserted into the housing 10, the sockets 51 cooperate with the plugs 21 to electrically connect the conducting wire and the electromagnetic coil 41, and to electrically connect the conducting wire and the heating element 42. It can be understood that the plugs 21 and the sockets 51 should be sealed.

[0072] In this technical solution, by providing the installation pipe 50 and the conductive wire, it is convenient to connect the heat conducting member 70 and the electromagnetic coil 41 inside the tank body 20 to the power source outside the housing 10. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0073] According to some embodiments of the present application, please refer to Figure 5 , the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a connecting pipe 60 and a filter screen 61. The connecting pipe 60 has a first end 601 and a second end 602 arranged oppositely. The first end 601 is communicated with the gas pipe 30. A connecting hole 22 for inserting the connecting pipe 60 is formed on the tank body 20, and the second end 602 is inserted into the connecting hole 22; the filter screen 61 is arranged inside the connecting pipe 60 for filtering hydrogen.

[0074] Exemplarily, the outer layer of the filter screen 61 is 316L stainless steel resistant to hydrogen embrittlement, and the inner layer is a nickel-based alloy resistant to high-temperature corrosion. The layers are fixed by laser welding.

[0075] In this technical solution, by arranging the filter screen 61 in the connecting pipe 60, during the process of releasing hydrogen, the risk of the powder of the hydrogen storage medium entering the gas pipe 30 can be reduced, and further the risk of pipe bursting can be reduced.

[0076] According to some embodiments of the present application, please refer to Figure 5 , the filter screen 61 is provided with filter holes for hydrogen to pass through. The filter screens 61 are multiple and arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the connecting pipe 60. From the direction of the second end 602 pointing to the first end 601, the size of the filter holes gradually increases.

[0077] Exemplarily, the filter screen 61 can be three layers. From the direction of the second end 602 pointing to the first end 601, the sizes of the filter holes are 10μm, 25μm, and 50μm in sequence.

[0078] In this technical solution, from the direction of the second end 602 pointing to the first end 601, the size of the filter holes gradually increases. The filter screen 61 is provided with a multi-layer structure and the aperture gradually increases. Larger particles can be intercepted by the first few layers to reduce the burden on the subsequent layers, thereby prolonging the overall service life and improving the processing efficiency. At the same time, the design of the multi-layer structure can also achieve hierarchical filtration of particles of different sizes, improving the filtration accuracy and flexibility. At the same time, during the process of filling hydrogen, the hydrogen can drive the particles intercepted by the latter filter screen 61 in the direction from the second end 602 to the first end 601 to pass through the previous filter screen 61, so as to facilitate the particles to return to the tank body 20.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present application, please refer to Figure 5 , the inner wall of the connecting pipe 60 is provided with a flow guiding groove 603, and the flow guiding groove 603 is located between the first end 601 and the filter screen 61.

[0080] Exemplarily, the diversion groove 603 is spiral, and the lift angle of the diversion groove 603 is greater than 10° and less than 45°.

[0081] In this technical solution, the diversion groove 603 is located between the first end 601 and the filter screen 61, so as to form a turbulent flow between the first end 601 and the filter screen 61 during the process of filling hydrogen, and then it is convenient for hydrogen to drive the particles intercepted by the latter filter screen 61 in the direction from the second end 602 to the first end 601 to pass through the previous filter screen 61, so as to facilitate the particles to return to the tank body 20.

[0082] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes an electric control valve 31. The first end 601 is arranged on the gas pipe 30 through the electric control valve 31, and the electric control valve 31 is used to connect or cut off the inside of the first end 601 and the gas pipe 30.

[0083] The electric control valve 31 is an automatic device that controls the flow of fluid through an electronic signal. The electric control valve 31 (electric control valve) drives the valve to open, close or adjust through a motor or an electromagnetic coil 41.

[0084] Exemplarily, the electric control valve 31 can be a solenoid valve.

[0085] In this technical solution, the gas pipe 30 can be selectively connected or cut off from the inside of any tank body 20 through the electric control valve 31, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0086] According to some embodiments of the present application, please refer to Figure 4 , the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a heat conducting member 70. The heat conducting members 70 are multiple and are stacked in the gravity direction inside the tank body 20. One side of the heat conducting member 70 facing away from the tank body 20 is recessed to form a receiving groove for receiving the hydrogen storage medium.

[0087] Exemplarily, the heat conducting member 70 is formed by laser sintering of silicon carbide powder.

[0088] In some embodiments, the heat conducting members 70 are multiple layers stacked in the gravity direction inside the tank body 20, and each layer of the heat conducting members 70 is multiple arranged in the horizontal direction. The heat conducting member 70 is in a honeycomb shape, and there are gaps between the heat conducting members 70 in the same layer to prevent structural damage caused by local thermal expansion and contraction during temperature change. The receiving groove is in a regular hexagon shape, and the surface of the groove wall of the receiving groove is provided with etched grooves. The surface of the groove wall of the receiving groove is provided with a polysiloxane-graphene composite coating of microencapsulated silane coupling agent. The polysiloxane-graphene composite coating has temperature-responsive viscosity and self-healing function. It is in a semi-solid state at normal temperature and has a certain viscosity, and can adsorb the powder in contact with it, thereby reducing the flow of the hydrogen storage medium when hydrogen is filled, and the viscosity decreases when the temperature rises, which is beneficial to the free passage of hydrogen. At the same time, the coating contains microencapsulated silane coupling agent, which automatically releases to repair cracks after wear.

[0089] Understandably, when discharging hydrogen externally, the electromagnetic coils 41 in each tank body 20 activate an alternating magnetic field, such that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles and the heating element 42 together provide heat to raise the temperature inside the tank body 20, promoting hydrogen release and accelerating the detachment of hydrogen from the alloy powder; the viscosity of the composite coating decreases when the temperature rises, which is more conducive to the free passage of hydrogen. When filling hydrogen, the heating element 42 stops working, and external coolant flows into the housing 10 to dissipate the heat generated during hydrogen absorption by the hydrogen storage medium, and the electromagnetic coils 41 switch to a vertical magnetic field to lock the powder; at the same time, the composite coating on the surface of the accommodation groove inside the tank body 20 has a higher viscosity at room temperature, further adsorbing the contacting powder.

[0090] In this technical solution, heat conduction is enhanced through the heat conducting member 70, and the heat management efficiency is higher, such that the combination and separation of hydrogen and powder are more sufficient and rapid, thereby significantly improving the hydrogen absorption and discharge efficiency.

[0091] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a detection device, and the detection device has a measurement part located inside the tank body 20, and the measurement part is used for measuring the temperature value, pressure value, and hydrogen concentration of the tank body 20.

[0092] In some embodiments, the detection device is a double-diameter fiber Bragg grating sensor, which is used for measuring the temperature and pressure data inside the sub-tank, and a hydrogen-sensing fiber Bragg grating sensor probe is assembled at the bottom of the tank body 20 for measuring the hydrogen concentration.

[0093] In this technical solution, the temperature value, pressure value, and hydrogen concentration of the tank body 20 are measured through the detection device, so that the operator can understand the working condition inside the tank body 20 and improve the reliability of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0094] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for storing hydrogen using the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen storage tank, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0095] S1. Hydrogen absorption step, including:

[0096] S11. Inject a cooling medium into the accommodation cavity 113 through the liquid inlet 111;

[0097] S12. Provide direct current to the electromagnetic coils 41 to enable the electromagnetic coils 41 to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body 20;

[0098] S13. Fill hydrogen into the tank body 20 through the gas pipe 30;

[0099] S14. When the pressure inside the tank body 20 reaches the threshold value, the gas pipe 30 switches to communicate with the next tank body 20;

[0100] S15. Repeat steps S11 - S14 until the pressures in all the tanks 20 reach the threshold value;

[0101] S2. Hydrogen release step, including:

[0102] S21. Connect the gas pipe 30 to any one of the tanks 20;

[0103] S22. Provide alternating current to the electromagnetic coil 41 to make the electromagnetic coil 41 provide an alternating magnetic field, so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release;

[0104] S23. After the hydrogen is released, disconnect the gas pipe 30 from any one of the tanks 20, and inject a cooling medium into the accommodation cavity 113 through the liquid inlet 111 to reduce the temperature inside the tank 20.

[0105] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0106] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit this application. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A solid hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that: include: A shell body having a plurality of accommodating cavities arranged along the gravity direction and connected to each other, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet connected to the accommodating cavities are provided on the shell body; A tank body is detachably disposed in the shell, each of the accommodating chambers contains a tank body, and the tank body is used to contain a hydrogen storage medium; a gas pipe, partially located in the shell and selectively connected to the interior of any of the tanks to allow hydrogen to enter or leave the interior of the tank, or selectively isolated from the interior of any of the tanks, with at least one end of the gas pipe being located outside the shell; Among them, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes an electromagnetic coil, which is arranged in the tank body. The hydrogen storage medium includes superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles. The electromagnetic coil is used to provide a constant magnetic field so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles are fixed relative to the tank body. The electromagnetic coil is also used to provide an alternating magnetic field so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat.

2. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: A heating element, which is arranged around the inner circumference of the tank body and is used to provide heat to the tank body; A protective sleeve is spirally arranged inside the tank body, the heating element is arranged inside the protective sleeve and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve, and the electromagnetic coil is arranged inside the protective sleeve and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve; The heat-insulating sleeve is sleeved outside the electromagnetic coil and is located inside the protective sleeve.

3. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: A mounting tube, partly located in the shell and in communication with the interior of the tank, at least one end of the mounting tube being located outside the shell; The conductive wire is arranged in the installation tube to electrically connect the electromagnetic coil and the power supply, and to electrically connect the heating element and the power supply.

4. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: A connecting pipe having a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other, wherein the first end is communicated with the air pipe, a connecting hole for inserting the connecting pipe is provided on the tank body, and the second end is inserted into the connecting hole; The filter screen is arranged in the connecting pipe to filter the hydrogen.

5. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter screen is provided with filter holes for hydrogen to pass through, and the filter screen is a plurality of filter holes arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the connecting pipe, and the sizes of the filter holes gradually increase from the second end to the first end.

6. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the connecting pipe is provided with a guide groove, and the guide groove is located between the first end and the filter screen.

7. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 4, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: An electrically controlled valve, wherein the first end is arranged on the air pipe through the electrically controlled valve, and the electrically controlled valve is used to connect or disconnect the first end and the interior of the air pipe.

8. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: The heat conducting member is a plurality of heat conducting members stacked in the tank body along the gravity direction, and a side of the heat conducting member away from the tank body is recessed to form a containing tank for containing the hydrogen storage medium.

9. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: The detection device has a measuring part located inside the tank body, and the measuring part is used to measure the temperature value, pressure value and hydrogen concentration of the tank body.

10. A method for storing hydrogen using any of the solid hydrogen storage tanks described in 1-9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Hydrogen absorption step, comprising: S11. Injecting cooling medium into the accommodating cavity through the liquid inlet; S12. supplying direct current to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank; S13. Fill the tank with hydrogen through the gas pipe; S14. When the pressure in the tank reaches a threshold, the air pipe is switched to connect with the next tank; S15. Repeat steps S11-S14 until the pressure in all tanks reaches the threshold; S2. Hydrogen release step, comprising: S21. The air pipe is connected to any tank; S22. supplying alternating current to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides an alternating magnetic field so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release; S23. After the hydrogen is released, the gas pipe is no longer connected to any tank body, and a cooling medium is injected into the accommodating cavity through the liquid inlet to reduce the temperature inside the tank body.

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