A solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system and method based on preheating

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of evaporative steam technology and specifically discloses a preheated solar-driven interface evaporative steam production system and method. The system comprises a support shell and a steam evaporation assembly disposed at the top of the support shell. The steam evaporation assembly and the inner bottom surface of the support shell are interconnected by multiple water conveying members to form a delivery channel. The steam evaporation assembly comprises a heat insulation layer, a heat absorption layer, and a preheating layer. A placement hole for the preheating layer is provided at the center of the top of the support shell. The outer periphery of the preheating layer and the lower end of the heat absorption layer are integrally formed and fit within the placement hole. A heat insulation layer is provided above the preheating layer. The lower end of the water conveying member is connected to the bottom of the support shell. The upper end of the water conveying member passes upward through the preheating layer and the heat insulation layer in sequence. An evaporation layer is fixedly provided along the edge of the heat insulation layer. The present invention can convert solar energy into thermal energy, which heats and evaporates seawater to form steam, thereby increasing the steam production rate and solving the problem of low solar energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of evaporative steam, and in particular relates to a system and method for preparing interface evaporative steam based on preheating solar energy drive. Background Art

[0002] Although approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, 97.5% of this water is highly saline and cannot be used directly for drinking, agricultural irrigation, or industrial production. With global population growth and accelerated industrialization, the shortage of freshwater resources is becoming increasingly severe. Solar energy, as a clean energy source, can alleviate this problem by using it to produce steam and ultimately freshwater. Conventional solar steam generation technology relies on a volumetric absorption design, resulting in the majority of solar energy not being effectively utilized. The photothermal conversion efficiency is low, and long-wave radiation losses account for a significant proportion of total heat losses. In recent years, solar evaporation technology, which targets solar heat conversion at the gas-liquid interface and achieves efficient evaporation, has been considered a promising alternative.

[0003] However, under high-intensity lighting conditions or long-term continuous operation, existing solar interfacial evaporation devices generally have the following restrictive problems: First, water transport on the surface of the photothermal material is blocked, making it difficult to maintain the continuity of the liquid film at the evaporation interface; second, the decreased hydrophilicity of the material surface causes wetting hysteresis, resulting in a reduction in the effective evaporation area; third, during the steam generation process of existing interfacial evaporation systems, the only solar energy input end of the evaporator is the photothermal evaporation layer, but the photothermal evaporation layer has limited utilization of solar energy and cannot effectively improve the evaporation capacity of the interfacial evaporation system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a preheated solar-driven interface evaporative steam production system and method. The evaporative steam production system of the present invention can effectively absorb solar heat. After the solar heat is absorbed and utilized by the preheating layer of the evaporative steam production system, the evaporative steam production system can achieve its preheating purpose, thereby achieving stable and efficient evaporation of seawater in the evaporation layer of the evaporative steam production system, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy and the efficiency of steam production. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the invention adopts the following technical effects:

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a preheating-based solar-driven interface evaporation steam preparation system, the evaporation steam preparation system includes a support shell and a steam evaporation component arranged at the top of the support shell, the steam evaporation component and the inner bottom surface of the support shell are connected to each other by multiple water conveying parts to form a delivery channel, the steam evaporation component includes a heat insulation layer, a heat absorption layer and a preheating layer, a placement hole for placing the preheating layer is provided in the center of the top of the support shell, the upper end of the heat absorption layer is arranged outwardly above the support shell, the lower end of the heat absorption layer extends into the support shell along the placement hole in the center of the top of the support shell, the outer peripheral wall of the heat absorption layer is connected to the surface wall of the placement hole, the outer periphery of the preheating layer and the lower end of the heat absorption layer are integrally formed and fit into the placement hole, the thermal insulation layer is provided above the preheating layer, the lower end of the water conveying part is connected to the bottom of the support shell, the upper end of the water conveying part passes through the preheating layer and the thermal insulation layer in sequence, the upper end of the water conveying part is fixed to the upper surface of the thermal insulation layer, and the evaporation layer is fixed along the edge of the thermal insulation layer.

[0006] The above solution is further preferred in that a water storage layer is provided on the lower port portion of the support shell, and the lower ends of the plurality of water delivery members are respectively connected to the edges of the water storage layer.

[0007] The above scheme is further preferred, in which a plurality of perforations are distributed near the edge of the preheating layer, and a central through-hole is provided in the center of the thermal insulation layer. The upper end of each water delivery component passes through the corresponding perforations on the preheating layer and the central through-hole of the thermal insulation layer in sequence, and then bends toward the edge of the upper surface of the thermal insulation layer. The upper end of each water delivery component is fixed to the surface of the thermal insulation layer, and the lower surface of the thermal insulation layer is adhered to the preheating layer through the water delivery component.

[0008] In the above solution, it is further preferred that the preheating layer is circular, the perforations are arranged near the edge of the preheating layer, and the perforations are rectangular holes equidistantly distributed near the edge of the preheating layer.

[0009] The above scheme is further preferred, wherein the heat insulating layer is made of polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam, the surface of the heat absorbing layer is a pot-surface or bowl-surface structure, the peripheral edge of the heat absorbing layer is inclined and bent, and the water delivery member is made of hydrophilic fiber fabric.

[0010] The above scheme is further preferred, wherein the heat absorption layer and the preheating layer are made of copper plates, and a light-absorbing coating is coated on the surface of the heat absorption layer, and the light-absorbing coating is made of a mixture of a resin material and a black heat-absorbing material, wherein the resin material is a polyurethane resin or an epoxy resin material, and the black heat-absorbing material is a carbon black material.

[0011] The above solution is further preferred in that the outer wall of the preheating layer is bonded to the top surface of the supporting shell outside the placement hole by sealing glue.

[0012] The above scheme is further preferred, wherein the evaporation layer is in a spherical cap shape and is covered on the edge of the thermal insulation layer, and the evaporation layer is made of a hydrogel material, which is prepared from chitosan powder, nano-carbon powder, acetic acid, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:1:3:171.

[0013] The above solution is further preferred, wherein the preparation process of the hydrogel material comprises the following steps:

[0014] First, acetic acid and deionized water are mixed to form a 0.1-0.3 mol / L acetic acid solution, and then the acetic acid solution is heated to 55°C. Chitosan powder and nano-carbon powder are then added to the acetic acid solution, and the solution is stirred at a constant temperature for 3-6 hours to form a mixed solution.

[0015] Secondly, the mixed solution is placed in a mold, and then the mold containing the mixed solution is placed in a pre-freezing temperature of -20 to -40°C for 10 to 20 hours, and then immediately taken out and placed in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 36 hours to obtain aerogel;

[0016] Finally, the aerogel is immersed in 0.1-0.5 mol / L alkali solution for 1-3 hours, and then the alkali solution is washed away with deionized water to prepare the hydrogel.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for evaporating steam using a preheating-based solar-driven interface evaporative steam preparation system of the present invention includes the following steps: floating a supporting shell on the surface of seawater, allowing seawater to penetrate into the interior of the supporting shell through a water storage layer, a water conveying member transporting free water stored in the supporting shell to the surface of a preheating layer through capillary action, and absorbing solar energy and performing photothermal conversion through a light-absorbing coating coated on the surface of a heat-absorbing layer on the periphery of the preheating layer, and then utilizing the thermal conductivity of the preheating layer to transfer the absorbed heat from the periphery to the center, preheating the water in the water conveying member passing through the preheating layer to increase the water temperature, and further transporting the preheated water through the water conveying member through the insulation layer to the evaporation layer through capillary action, the evaporation layer absorbing solar energy and converting it into thermal energy, and the thermal energy absorbed by the evaporation layer heats the seawater, causing the seawater to be heated and evaporated to form steam.

[0018] In summary, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0019] (1) The evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention converts water into steam through the synergistic effect of each layer. The evaporation layer converts water into steam, and the preheating layer reduces the thermal resistance during the heat transfer process. When the temperature of the preheating layer increases, the surface tension of the liquid decreases, so the contact angle between the preheating layer and the water molecules decreases, the wettability of the preheating layer is effectively increased, the water delivery capacity of the water delivery part becomes stronger, the intermolecular force between the water delivery layer and the evaporation layer is reduced, and the evaporation enthalpy of water in the evaporation layer is reduced, so that the water molecules in the evaporation layer can absorb a small amount of heat to achieve rapid evaporation, thereby accelerating the steam generation rate, improving the steam preparation efficiency and the spatial utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0020] (2) The addition of a preheating structure to the evaporative steam preparation system of the present invention can effectively improve the spatial utilization rate of solar energy, thereby improving the wettability of the preheating layer and the water transportation process in the water conveying parts, thereby increasing the amount of steam, solving the problem of low spatial solar energy utilization rate caused by a single solar energy input point, and improving the evaporation rate through the preheating process, which is beneficial to the preparation of steam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of a preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water delivery component of a preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 The present invention is a solar-driven interface evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating under a solar radiation intensity of 1000W·m -2 Schematic diagram of evaporation effect with and without preheating layer;

[0025] In the drawings, there are evaporation layer 1, heat insulation layer 2, heat absorption layer 3, preheating layer 4, water delivery member 5, water storage layer 6, support shell 7, placement hole 8, steam evaporation component 10, central through hole 20, and through hole 40. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the invention more clearly understood, the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many of the details listed in this specification are merely provided to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the invention, and that these aspects of the invention can be practiced even without these specific details.

[0027] like Figure 1and Figure 2As shown, according to the invention, a solar-driven interface evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating is provided, wherein the evaporation steam preparation system comprises a support shell 7 floating on the surface of seawater and a steam evaporation component 10 arranged on the top of the support shell 7. The steam evaporation component 10 and the inner bottom surface of the support shell 7 are connected to each other through multiple water conveying parts 5 to form a water conveying channel. The steam evaporation component 10 comprises a heat insulation layer 2, a heat absorption layer 3 and a preheating layer 4. A placement hole 8 for placing the preheating layer 4 is provided in the center of the top of the support shell 7. The upper end of the heat absorption layer 3 is arranged outwardly above the support shell 7, and the lower end of the heat absorption layer 3 is arranged along the top of the support shell 7. The placement hole 8 at the center of the end extends into the supporting shell 7, the outer peripheral wall of the heat absorbing layer 3 is connected to the surface wall of the placement hole 8, and the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 is integrally formed with the lower end of the heat absorbing layer 3, so that the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 and the lower end of the heat absorbing layer 3 are integrally formed and fit into the placement hole 8 to form a preheating structure; in the present invention, the surface of the heat absorbing layer 3 is a pot-shaped or bowl-shaped structure, and the preheating layer 4 is tightly attached to the bottom surface of the heat absorbing layer 3, so that the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 and the inner wall of the bottom of the heat absorbing layer 3 are integrated, or the bottom surface of the heat absorbing layer 3 is set to a hollow state, and the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 and the hollow position of the bottom of the heat absorbing layer 3 are integrally formed to form a preheating structure. The insulation layer 2 is provided above the preheating layer 4. The lower end of the water delivery member 5 is connected to the bottom of the support shell 7. The upper end of the water delivery member 5 passes upward through the preheating layer 4 and the insulation layer 2 in sequence. The upper end of the water delivery member 5 is fixed to the upper surface of the insulation layer 2. The evaporation layer 1 is fixed along the edge of the insulation layer 2. A water storage layer 6 is provided on the lower end portion of the support shell 7. The lower ends of multiple water delivery members 5 are respectively connected to the edges of the water storage layer 6. The insulation layer 2 is made of polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam.In the present invention, the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 are both made of copper plates, and a light-absorbing coating is coated on the surface of the heat absorption layer 3. The light-absorbing coating is made of a resin material and a black heat-absorbing material in a mass ratio of 1:3, and the resin material and the carbon black material are used as the light-absorbing coating materials. The production process of the light-absorbing coating is as follows: first, the resin material and the black heat-absorbing material are mixed to form a slurry, and then the slurry is coated on the surface of the heat absorption layer 3, and then dried at room temperature to obtain the heat absorption layer 3 with the surface coated with the light-absorbing coating, wherein the resin material is a polyurethane resin or an epoxy resin material, and the black heat-absorbing material is a carbon black material. The black heat-absorbing material is coated and adhered to the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 to form a light-absorbing coating. The light-absorbing coating can enhance the heat absorption effect and heating effect of the heat absorption layer 3; the outer wall of the preheating layer 4 and the top surface of the supporting shell 7 outside the placement hole 8 are bonded by sealing glue; the evaporation layer 1 is located in the system The uppermost end is used for photothermal conversion and water evaporation. The lower part of the water conveying member 5 extends into the interior of the supporting shell 7 and is connected to or in contact with the water storage layer 6 of the supporting shell 7. The heat insulation layer 2 and the preheating layer 4 are separated by the water conveying member 5 to achieve the effect of heat insulation between the preheating layer 4 and the evaporation layer 1; the heat insulation layer 2 is used to separate the preheated water conveying member 5 and the evaporation layer 1. The heat absorption layer 3 on the periphery of the preheating layer 4 is coated with a light-absorbing coating to receive sunlight and perform photothermal conversion. The use of the coating can improve the absorbance, and the good thermal conductivity of the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 is used to transfer heat to the center of the preheating layer 4 and exchange heat with the water in the water conveying member 5. The middle part of the water conveying member 5 is tightly fitted with the preheating layer 4, and the upper part of the water conveying member 5 is in contact with the evaporation layer 1 through the heat insulation layer 2, thereby increasing the temperature of the water in the water conveying member 5. Using preheating layer structures of different thicknesses can achieve different heat exchange effects.

[0028] In the present invention, combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3A plurality of perforations 40 are distributed near the edge of the preheating layer 4, and a central through-hole 20 is provided in the center of the thermal insulation layer 2. The upper end of each water delivery member 5 passes through the corresponding perforation 40 on the preheating layer 4 and the central through-hole 20 of the thermal insulation layer 2 in sequence, and then is bent toward the upper edge of the thermal insulation layer 2. The upper end of each water delivery member 5 is then fixed to the surface of the thermal insulation layer 2, and the lower surface of the thermal insulation layer 2 is attached to the preheating layer 4 through the water delivery member 5. The outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 is a circular outer periphery, and the perforations 40 are provided near the edge of the preheating layer 4. The perforations 40 are rectangular holes equidistantly distributed near the edge of the preheating layer 4. The present invention absorbs sunlight through the light-absorbing coating on the heat-absorbing layer 3 and converts solar energy into heat energy. The heat energy absorbed by the light-absorbing coating is transferred to the preheating layer 4. The heat generated by the preheating layer 4 is transferred to the water conveying member 5, which can increase the temperature of the water in the water conveying member 5 and enhance the heat transfer process of the water conveying member 5. The lower portion c of the water conveying member 5 is arranged in a vertical rectangular strip shape and is connected to or in contact with the water storage layer 6. Figure 3 As shown, the middle portion b of the water conveying member 5 is tightly fitted with the upper surface of the preheating layer 4 and the lower surface of the thermal insulation layer 2. The thermal insulation layer 2 bends the middle portion b of the water conveying member 5 and presses it against the surface of the preheating layer 4. The upper portion a of the water conveying member 5 is passed through the central through hole 20 of the thermal insulation layer 2 and bent to the edge of the upper surface of the thermal insulation layer 2 and fixed. Then, the evaporation layer 1 is fixed along the edge of the thermal insulation layer 2. The water conveying member 5 is made of hydrophilic fiber fabric and plays a role in capillary water conveyance. The support shell 7 is arranged in a cubic shell shape. The top surface of the support shell 7 is provided with a placement hole 8 for supporting the heat absorption layer 3. The support shell 7 is made of polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam.

[0029] In the present invention, combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3The evaporation layer 1 is spherically capped and placed over the edge of the insulation layer 2. Its function is to convert light into heat and convert water therein into steam. The thickness of the evaporation layer 1 can affect the preheating effect and, therefore, the evaporation rate. The evaporation layer 1 is made of a hydrogel material. In the present invention, the hydrogel material is composed of chitosan powder, nano-carbon powder, acetic acid, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:1:3:171. The nano-carbon powder in the hydrogel of the evaporation layer 1 absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat. Through the synergistic effect of the various layers, the evaporative steam generation system of the present invention converts solar energy into heat energy by absorbing sunlight through the light-absorbing coating on the heat-absorbing layer 3. The absorbed heat energy is then transferred to the preheating layer 4. The heat generated by the preheating layer 4 is then transferred to the water delivery member 5, raising the water temperature within the water delivery member 5. First, the heat transfer process of the water delivery component 5 is enhanced, and the heat transfer thermal resistance from the water delivery component 5 to the evaporation layer 1 is reduced; secondly, the contact angle between the water molecules and the preheating layer 4 is reduced, and the wettability of the surface of the preheating layer 4 is increased, thereby increasing the water transport capacity. In addition, the interaction force between the water molecules in the water delivery layer and the evaporation layer is reduced, and the evaporation enthalpy of the water in the evaporation layer is reduced, thereby increasing the steam generation rate, so that the water in the evaporation layer can absorb a small amount of heat to achieve rapid evaporation, thereby increasing the steam generation rate. The hydrogel of the present invention uses non-metallic nanomaterials, especially hydrogels made of nanocarbon-based materials. When the hydrogel is irradiated with a near-infrared laser, it can generate heat energy. In the present invention, the preparation process of the hydrogel material includes the following steps:

[0030] First, chitosan powder, nano-carbon powder, acetic acid and deionized water are weighed according to 8:1:3:171, and the acetic acid and deionized water are mixed to form a 0.1-0.3 mol / L acetic acid solution. The acetic acid solution is then heated to 55°C, and the chitosan powder and nano-carbon powder are added to the acetic acid solution. The solution is stirred at a constant temperature for 3-6 hours to form a mixed solution. The concentration of the acetic acid solution is preferably 0.2 mol / L, and the constant temperature stirring time of the solution is preferably 5 hours.

[0031] Secondly, the mixed solution is placed in a mold, and then the mold containing the mixed solution is placed at a temperature of -20 to -40°C for pre-freezing for 10-20 hours, and then immediately taken out and placed in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 36 hours to obtain aerogel. The temperature of the mold containing the mixed solution is preferably -40°C, and the pre-freezing time is preferably 12 hours;

[0032] Finally, the aerogel is immersed in a 0.1-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution for 1-3 hours, and then the alkaline solution on the surface of the aerogel is washed off with deionized water to produce a hydrogel. The alkaline solution concentration is preferably 0.5 mol / L, and the soaking time is preferably 1 hour. During the preparation of the hydrogel in evaporation layer 1, the nanocarbon powder used can absorb solar energy and perform photothermal conversion. Chitosan has excellent hydrophilic properties and can be used to absorb large amounts of water. The evaporative steam generation system of the present invention evaporates the abundant water in the hydrogel in the evaporation layer to form steam through the synergistic effect of each layer. The preheating layer reduces thermal resistance during heat transfer, and as the temperature of the preheating layer increases, the surface tension of the liquid decreases. As a result, the contact angle of water molecules decreases, wettability increases, and transport capacity is enhanced, which reduces intermolecular forces and lowers the enthalpy of water evaporation. As a result, water molecules in the evaporation layer absorb a small amount of heat to achieve rapid evaporation, accelerating the steam generation rate, improving steam generation efficiency, and enhancing the spatial utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0033] According to another aspect of the present invention, in the present invention, combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 , using a steam evaporation method based on a preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention, the steam evaporation method comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Float the support shell 7 on the seawater surface, and allow the seawater to penetrate into the support shell through the water storage layer, so that the seawater fills the support shell 7;

[0035] Step 2: The water conveying member 5 transports the free water stored in the supporting shell 7 to the surface of the preheating layer 4 through capillary action, and absorbs the solar energy through the light-absorbing coating coated on the surface of the heat-absorbing layer 3 on the periphery of the preheating layer 4 and performs light-heat conversion;

[0036] Step 3: The heat conducted by the light-absorbing coating on the surface of the heat-absorbing layer 3 raises the water temperature. The thermal conductivity of the preheating layer 4 then transfers the absorbed heat from the periphery to the center of the preheating layer 4, preheating the water in the water conveying member 5 passing through the preheating layer 4 to raise the water temperature.

[0037] In step 4, the preheated water is further transported by the water delivery member 5 through the insulation layer 2 to the evaporation layer 1 by capillary action. The evaporation layer 1 absorbs solar energy and converts it into thermal energy. The evaporation layer 1 heats and evaporates the water delivered by the water delivery member 5 to the surface of the insulation layer 2, thereby converting the water into steam.

[0038] In the present invention, combined with Figures 1 to 4The evaporation layer 1 is a spherical hydrogel with a radius of 4 cm and a height of 2 cm. The water delivery component 5 is a hydrophilic fiber cloth with a width of 2 cm. When the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 are not added under the irradiation of one sun, the system generates steam at a slow rate. When the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 are added, the thickness of the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 is selected to be 0.3 mm. The coating on the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 outside the preheating layer 4 improves the absorption rate of the preheating layer 4 to sunlight, resulting in a larger temperature rise and a higher steam production rate. Specifically, when the solar radiation intensity is 1000 W·m -2 Under the conditions of the experiment, when there is no preheating layer structure, such as Figure 4 As shown, the evaporation rate is 1.94 kg·m - ²·h - ¹, the evaporation rate with preheating layer structure is 2.43kg·m - ²·h - ¹, the steam production enhancement efficiency is 25.3%, which shows that the preheating layer can improve the evaporation rate of the system and has a significant effect on increasing steam production.

[0039] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system based on preheating, characterized by: The evaporative steam preparation system includes a support shell and a steam evaporation component disposed at the top of the support shell. The steam evaporation component and the inner bottom surface of the support shell are connected to each other by multiple water conveying parts to form a delivery channel. The steam evaporation component includes a heat insulation layer, a heat absorption layer, and a preheating layer. A placement hole for placing the preheating layer is provided at the center of the top of the support shell. The upper end of the heat absorption layer is inclined outward and disposed above the support shell. The lower end of the heat absorption layer extends into the support shell along the placement hole at the center of the top of the support shell. The outer peripheral wall of the heat absorption layer is connected to the surface wall of the placement hole. The outer periphery of the preheating layer and the lower end of the heat absorption layer are integrally formed and fit into the placement hole. The thermal insulation layer is disposed above the preheating layer. The lower end of the water conveying part is connected to the bottom of the support shell. The upper end of the water conveying part passes upward through the preheating layer and the thermal insulation layer in sequence, and the upper end of the water conveying part is fixed to the upper surface of the thermal insulation layer. The evaporation layer is fixed along the edge of the thermal insulation layer. A water storage layer is provided on the lower end of the support shell, and the lower ends of the multiple water conveying parts are respectively connected to the edges of the water storage layer.

2. The preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple perforations distributed near the edge of the preheating layer, and a central through-hole is provided in the center of the thermal insulation layer. The upper end of each water delivery component passes through the corresponding perforations on the preheating layer and the central through-hole of the thermal insulation layer in turn, and then bends toward the edge of the upper surface of the thermal insulation layer. The upper end of each water delivery component is fixed to the surface of the thermal insulation layer, and the lower surface of the thermal insulation layer is adhered to the preheating layer through the water delivery component.

3. The preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preheating layer is circular, and the perforations are arranged near the edge of the preheating layer. The perforations are rectangular holes that are equidistantly distributed near the edge of the preheating layer.

4. A preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The heat-insulating layer is made of polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam, the surface of the heat-absorbing layer is a pot-surface or bowl-surface structure, the peripheral edge of the heat-absorbing layer is inclined and bent, and the water-transporting member is made of hydrophilic fiber fabric.

5. A preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that: The heat absorption layer and the preheating layer are made of copper plates. A light-absorbing coating is coated on the surface of the heat absorption layer. The light-absorbing coating is made by mixing a resin material and a black heat-absorbing material. The resin material is a polyurethane resin or an epoxy resin material, and the black heat-absorbing material is a carbon black material.

6. The preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the preheating layer is bonded to the top surface of the supporting shell outside the placement hole by means of sealing glue.

7. The preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporation layer is in a spherical crown shape and is covered on the edge of the thermal insulation layer. The evaporation layer is made of a hydrogel material, which is made of chitosan powder, nano-carbon powder, acetic acid and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:1:3:

171.

8. The preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation process of the hydrogel material comprises the following steps: First, acetic acid and deionized water are mixed to form a 0.1-0.3 mol / L acetic acid solution, and then the acetic acid solution is heated to 55°C. Chitosan powder and nano-carbon powder are then added to the acetic acid solution, and the solution is stirred at a constant temperature for 3-6 hours to form a mixed solution. Secondly, the mixed solution is placed in a mold, and then the mold containing the mixed solution is placed in a pre-freezing temperature of -20 to -40°C for 10 to 20 hours, and then immediately taken out and placed in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 36 hours to obtain aerogel; Finally, the aerogel is immersed in 0.1-0.5 mol / L alkali solution for 1-3 hours, and then the alkali solution is washed away with deionized water to prepare the hydrogel.

9. A steam evaporation method using the preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The supporting shell is floated on the surface of the seawater, so that the seawater penetrates into the supporting shell through the water storage layer. The water conveying member transports the free water stored in the supporting shell to the surface of the preheating layer through capillary action, and absorbs solar energy through the light-absorbing coating coated on the surface of the heat-absorbing layer on the periphery of the preheating layer and performs light-heat conversion. The thermal conductivity of the preheating layer is then used to transfer the absorbed heat from the periphery to the center, thereby preheating the water in the water conveying member passing through the preheating layer to increase the water temperature. The preheated water is further transported by the water conveying member through the insulation layer to the evaporation layer through capillary action. The evaporation layer absorbs solar energy and converts it into thermal energy. The thermal energy absorbed by the evaporation layer heats the seawater, causing it to evaporate and form steam.

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