Magnetic heat and elastic heat coupled multi-card refrigeration device, refrigerator, air conditioner and refrigeration method

Abstract

The invention provides a magnetic heat and elastic heat coupled multi-card refrigerating device, a refrigerator, an air conditioner and a refrigerating method, and belongs to the technical field of multi-card refrigerating devices. The problems that cyclic utilization of the phase change heat effect is difficult to achieve due to the fact that current magnetic shape memory alloy has heat lag, and meanwhile current multi-card refrigerating devices are few are solved. Wherein the active heat accumulator is made of a magnetocaloric material or a diamagnetocaloric material, a fluid flowing pipeline is arranged in the active heat accumulator, the two electromagnetic coils are used for providing a magnetic field, and the driver is used for providing stress; the active heat accumulator can be communicated with the inlet end of the cold trap or the outlet end of the hot trap through the first reversing valve, the outlet end of the cold trap is communicated with the inlet end of the first pump, the active heat accumulator can be communicated with the outlet end of the first pump or the inlet end of the second pump through the second reversing valve, and the outlet end of the second pump is communicated with the inlet end of the hot trap. The magnetic heat and elastic heat coupled doka refrigeration device can realize efficient utilization of the solid phase change heat effect of the solid refrigeration material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of multi - card refrigeration devices, and particularly relates to a multi - card refrigeration device, a refrigerator, an air conditioner and a refrigeration method coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects. Background Art

[0002] Solid - state refrigeration technology is a new type of technology with high efficiency and zero global warming potential. The core of solid - state refrigeration technology is to utilize the solid - state phase - change heat effect that occurs when materials are under the action of an external field. According to the different external fields applied, the solid - state phase - change heat effect can be divided into magnetocaloric effect, elastocaloric effect, piezocaloric effect, electrocaloric effect, etc., and the corresponding external fields are a single magnetic field, uniaxial pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and a single electric field respectively.

[0003] In magnetic shape - memory alloys, the parent phase (austenite) with high symmetry and the martensite phase with low symmetry can transform into each other, accompanied by volume change and heat change, and they are a class of promising solid - state refrigeration working fluids. However, such first - order phase - change materials usually have an inherent thermal hysteresis. The existence of thermal hysteresis reduces the phase - change reversibility of the material. This is because when unloading the external field, part of the austenite or martensite fails to transform into martensite or austenite, resulting in a loss of the phase - change heat effect of the material during the next loading of the external field, which significantly affects the refrigeration capacity of the material. At the same time, the existence of thermal hysteresis makes the material prone to structural and functional fatigue, thereby reducing the service life of the material. Patent (authorization number CN113155496B) and patent (publication number CN111289693A) proposed the design of a multi - card effect test device. Such devices can only be used for the performance characterization of materials and cannot realize the utilization of the solid - state phase - change heat effect of materials. Moreover, limited by the current lack of commercial multi - card effect devices, the research progress of multi - card refrigeration of magnetic shape - memory alloys is relatively slow, and there are few multi - card refrigeration devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to improve the service life of current first - order phase - change materials such as nickel - manganese - based magnetic shape - memory alloys, efficiently utilize the martensitic phase - change heat effect of such materials, and at the same time address the problem of few current multi - card refrigeration devices, the present invention proposes a multi - card refrigeration device, a refrigerator, an air conditioner and a refrigeration method coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A multi - card refrigeration device coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects, comprising:

[0007] A refrigeration and heat - transfer component, the refrigeration and heat - transfer component includes a housing and an active regenerator. The active regenerator is located inside the housing. The active regenerator is made of a magnetocaloric material or an inverse - magnetocaloric material, and a pipeline for fluid flow is provided inside the active regenerator;

[0008] Two electromagnetic coils, the two electromagnetic coils are respectively arranged on both sides of the active regenerator for providing a magnetic field;

[0009] A driver, the driver is connected to the active regenerator for providing stress;

[0010] A first reversing valve, the first reversing valve has a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port can communicate with the second port or the third port, and the first port is communicated with one end of the active regenerator;

[0011] A second reversing valve, the second reversing valve has a fourth port, a fifth port and a sixth port, the fourth port can communicate with the fifth port or the sixth port, and the fourth port is communicated with the other end of the active regenerator;

[0012] A cold trap and a first pump, the second port is communicated with the inlet end of the cold trap, the outlet end of the cold trap is communicated with the inlet end of the first pump, and the outlet end of the first pump is communicated with the sixth port;

[0013] A heat trap and a second pump, the fifth port is communicated with the inlet end of the second pump, the outlet end of the second pump is communicated with the inlet end of the heat trap, and the outlet end of the heat trap is communicated with the third port.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the above-mentioned multi-stage refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling, the active regenerator is in a honeycomb shape, a corrugated plate shape or a triply periodic minimal surface shape.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the above-mentioned multi-stage refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling, the magnetocaloric material is nickel-manganese-gallium-based, manganese-arsenic-based, iron rhodium or gadolinium-silicon-germanium alloy; the inverse magnetocaloric material is nickel-manganese-tin-based, nickel-manganese-indium-based or nickel-manganese-antimony-based cobalt alloy.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the above-mentioned multi-stage refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling, a radiator is arranged in the heat trap.

[0017] The present invention also provides a refrigerator, including the above-mentioned multi-stage refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling.

[0018] The present invention also provides an air conditioner, including the above-mentioned multi-stage refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling.

[0019] The present invention also provides a multi-stage refrigeration method with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling, using the above-mentioned multi-stage refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling, including:

[0020] When the active regenerator uses magnetocaloric inverse materials, the multi-stage magnetic and elastocaloric refrigeration device performs a multi-stage refrigeration cycle of loading magnetic field and unloading stress, cold blowing, loading stress and unloading magnetic field, and hot blowing;

[0021] When the active regenerator uses magnetocaloric materials, the multi-stage magnetic and elastocaloric refrigeration device performs a multi-stage refrigeration cycle of synchronously loading magnetic field and stress, hot blowing, synchronously unloading magnetic field and stress, and cold blowing.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the above multi-stage magnetic and elastocaloric refrigeration method, when the active regenerator uses magnetocaloric inverse materials, the multi-stage magnetic and elastocaloric refrigeration device performs a multi-stage refrigeration cycle of loading magnetic field and unloading stress, cold blowing, loading stress and unloading magnetic field, and hot blowing, which specifically includes:

[0023] S11: Load a magnetic field and unload stress on the active regenerator made of magnetocaloric inverse materials. At this time, due to the martensite-to-austenite transformation of the magnetocaloric inverse materials, the temperature of the active regenerator decreases, and thus the temperature of the heat transfer fluid staying in the active regenerator also decreases accordingly;

[0024] S12: Perform cold blowing. The fourth port of the second reversing valve is communicated with the sixth port, the first port of the first reversing valve is communicated with the second port, and the first pump is turned on. The heat transfer fluid in the active regenerator flows through the cold trap to the first pump and then returns to the active regenerator. The cold trap absorbs the cold of the heat transfer fluid entering it and promotes the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to rise. After the heat transfer fluid returns to the active regenerator, the temperature of the active regenerator rises accordingly;

[0025] S13: Unload the magnetic field and load stress on the active regenerator made of magnetocaloric inverse materials. At this time, due to the austenite-to-martensite transformation of the magnetocaloric inverse materials, the temperature of the active regenerator rises, and thus the temperature of the heat transfer fluid staying in the active regenerator also rises accordingly;

[0026] S14: Perform hot blowing. The fourth port of the second reversing valve is communicated with the fifth port, the first port of the first reversing valve is communicated with the third port, and the second pump is turned on. The heat transfer fluid in the active regenerator enters the hot trap through the second pump and then flows back to the active regenerator. The hot trap discharges the heat of the heat transfer fluid entering it to the external environment, causing the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to decrease. After the heat transfer fluid returns to the active regenerator, the temperature of the active regenerator decreases accordingly.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the above multi-stage magnetic and elastocaloric refrigeration method, when the active regenerator uses magnetocaloric materials, the multi-stage magnetic and elastocaloric refrigeration device performs a multi-stage refrigeration cycle of synchronously loading magnetic field and stress, hot blowing, synchronously unloading magnetic field and stress, and cold blowing, which specifically includes:

[0028] S21: Apply a magnetic field and stress to the active regenerator made of magnetocaloric material. At this time, due to the transformation from austenite to martensite in the magnetocaloric material, the temperature of the active regenerator increases, and thus the temperature of the heat transfer fluid staying in the active regenerator also increases accordingly.

[0029] S22: Conduct hot blowing. The fourth port and the fifth port of the second reversing valve are connected, the first port and the third port of the first reversing valve are connected, and the second pump is turned on. The heat transfer fluid in the active regenerator enters the heat sink through the second pump, and then flows back to the active regenerator. The heat sink discharges the heat of the heat transfer fluid entering it to the external environment, causing the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to drop. After the heat transfer fluid flows back to the active regenerator, the temperature of the active regenerator drops accordingly.

[0030] S23: Remove the magnetic field and stress from the active regenerator made of magnetocaloric material. At this time, due to the transformation from martensite to austenite in the magnetocaloric material, the temperature of the active regenerator decreases, and thus the temperature of the heat transfer fluid staying in the active regenerator also decreases accordingly.

[0031] S24: Conduct cold blowing. The fourth port and the sixth port of the second reversing valve are connected, the first port and the second port of the first reversing valve are connected, and the first pump is turned on. The heat transfer fluid in the active regenerator enters the cold trap and then flows through the first pump, and then flows back to the active regenerator. The cold trap absorbs the cold of the heat transfer fluid entering it and promotes the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to rise. After the heat transfer fluid flows back to the active regenerator again, the temperature of the active regenerator rises accordingly.

[0032] As a preferred solution of the above-mentioned magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupled multi - caloric refrigeration method, an active regenerator based on magnetocaloric or inverse magnetocaloric effect is prepared by using additive manufacturing technology.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of a magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupled multi - caloric refrigeration device, refrigerator, air conditioner and refrigeration method provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0034] The present invention provides a magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupled multi - caloric refrigeration device, refrigerator, air conditioner and refrigeration method. The magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupled multi - caloric refrigeration device controls the application sequence of the magnetic field and stress, and controls the flow direction of the fluid by controlling the working order of the first reversing valve, the second reversing valve, the first pump and the second pump, so as to realize the efficient utilization of the solid - state phase - change heat effect of the solid - state refrigeration material, and uses the cold quantity transferred to the cold trap for refrigeration. The refrigeration efficiency is high and the effect is good. This type of multi - caloric refrigeration cycle can overcome the irreversible problem of the refrigeration cycle caused by material thermal hysteresis, and can also reduce the driving magnetic field and driving stress at the same time and improve the cycle life.

[0035] The magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupled multi - caloric refrigeration device can also be used as a teaching aid to demonstrate the multi - caloric refrigeration cycle.

[0036] When the active regenerator is made of magnetocaloric materials, a program of asynchronous loading and asynchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress is selected to perform a multi-stage magnetic refrigeration cycle. The multi-stage magnetic refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling performs a multi-stage magnetic refrigeration cycle of loading magnetic field and unloading stress, cold blowing, loading stress and unloading magnetic field, and hot blowing. Assume that before the magnetic field is applied to the material, the equilibrium phase of the material is martensite. During the process of applying the magnetic field, the material can transform from martensite to austenite. When the magnetic field is unloaded, the material can transform from austenite to martensite. Due to the existence of thermal hysteresis, part of the austenite cannot transform into martensite. At this time, in order to restore the material to its initial state, stress is applied. After the magnetic field is unloaded, part of the austenite that fails to transform into martensite due to thermal hysteresis can be transformed into martensite through stress-induced martensitic transformation. At this time, the material can be restored to the fully martensitic state. After that, when the system temperature returns to the initial temperature through the hot blowing process, and then the stress load is removed, the material is still in the fully martensitic state (i.e., the initial state). Thus, the phase change heat effect of each cycle can be made consistent. This type of multi-stage magnetic refrigeration cycle can overcome the problem of irreversibility of the refrigeration cycle caused by the thermal hysteresis of the material.

[0037] The magnetocaloric materials are nickel-manganese-tin-based, nickel-manganese-indium-based or nickel-manganese-antimony-based alloys, etc.

[0038] When the active regenerator is made of magnetocaloric materials, a program of synchronous loading and synchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress is selected to perform a multi-stage magnetic refrigeration cycle. The multi-stage magnetic refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling performs a multi-stage magnetic refrigeration cycle of synchronous loading of magnetic field and stress, hot blowing, synchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress, and cold blowing. Applying a magnetic field or stress to the magnetocaloric material causes the transformation of austenite to martensite and releases heat, increasing the temperature of the active regenerator. After hot blowing through the heat transfer fluid, the temperature of the active regenerator is restored. After that, when the magnetic field or stress is unloaded, the martensite returns to austenite, and the temperatures of the active regenerator and the heat transfer fluid decrease. Finally, cold blowing is performed to achieve the refrigeration effect. Since the effects of applying a magnetic field and applying stress on the magnetocaloric material are the same, and in a single material, the amount of austenite transformed into martensite is certain, the combined loading of the two can enable the magnetocaloric material to achieve a large solid-state phase change heat effect at a lower magnetic field and lower stress. Moreover, the action of the low external field makes the magnetocaloric material less likely to undergo fatigue fracture, thereby improving the cycle life of the material.

[0039] Among them, the magnetocaloric materials are nickel-manganese-gallium-based, manganese-arsenic-based, iron-rhodium or gadolinium-silicon-germanium alloys, etc.

[0040] Among them, the active regenerator adopts a shape with a relatively large specific surface area and non-solid, such as honeycomb shape, corrugated plate shape or triply periodic minimal surface shape. Description of the Drawings

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention and do not unduly limit the present invention. In the drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupled multi - caloric refrigeration device provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi - caloric refrigeration cycle when using an inverse magnetocaloric material provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi - caloric refrigeration cycle when using a magnetocaloric material provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] In the figure:

[0046] 1. Active regenerator; 2. Electromagnetic coil; 3. Driver; 4. Heat sink; 5. Cold sink; 6. Second pump; 7. First pump; 8. Second reversing valve; 9. First reversing valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected", "connected to", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature can include the first and second features being in direct contact, or can include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through other features between them. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above and to the right", and "on the top of" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below and to the left", and "under the bottom of" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0050] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operations, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0051] Refer to Figures 1-3 To illustrate this embodiment, the present invention provides a multi - caloric refrigeration device coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects, a refrigerator, an air conditioner and a refrigeration method. The multi - caloric refrigeration device coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects includes a refrigeration and heat transfer component, two electromagnetic coils 2, a driver 3, a first reversing valve 9, a second reversing valve 8, a cold trap 5, a first pump 7, a heat trap 4 and a second pump 6. The refrigeration and heat transfer component includes a housing and an active regenerator 1. The active regenerator 1 is located inside the housing and is made of magnetocaloric material or inverse magnetocaloric material. The two electromagnetic coils 2 are respectively arranged on both sides of the active regenerator 1 to provide a magnetic field. The driver 3 is connected to the active regenerator 1 to provide stress. The first reversing valve 9 has a first port, a second port and a third port. The first port can communicate with the second port or the third port, and the first port is communicated with one end of the active regenerator 1. The second reversing valve 8 has a fourth port, a fifth port and a sixth port. The fourth port can communicate with the fifth port or the sixth port, and the fourth port is communicated with the other end of the active regenerator 1. The second port is communicated with the inlet end of the cold trap 5. The outlet end of the cold trap 5 is communicated with the inlet end of the first pump 7. The outlet end of the first pump 7 is communicated with the sixth port. The fifth port is communicated with the inlet end of the second pump 6. The outlet end of the second pump 6 is communicated with the inlet end of the heat trap 4. The outlet end of the heat trap 4 is communicated with the third port.

[0052] For this multi - caloric refrigeration device coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects, the first reversing valve 9 can connect the active regenerator 1 with the inlet end of the cold trap 5 or the outlet end of the heat trap 4, and the second reversing valve 8 can connect the active regenerator 1 with the outlet end of the first pump 7 or the inlet end of the second pump 6. By controlling the application sequence of the magnetic field and stress, and by controlling the working sequence of the first reversing valve 9, the second reversing valve 8, the first pump 7 and the second pump 6 to control the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid, the high - efficient utilization of the solid - phase change heat effect of the solid refrigeration material is realized. The cold quantity transmitted to the cold trap 5 is used for refrigeration, and the refrigeration efficiency is high and the effect is good.

[0053] When the active regenerator 1 uses magnetocaloric materials, a program of asynchronous loading and asynchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress is selected to perform a multi-stage refrigeration cycle. The magneto-thermo-elastic coupled multi-stage refrigeration device performs a multi-stage refrigeration cycle of loading magnetic field and unloading stress, cold blowing, loading stress and unloading magnetic field, and heat blowing, which can make the phase change heat effect of each cycle consistent. This type of multi-stage refrigeration cycle can overcome the irreversible problem of the refrigeration cycle caused by material thermal hysteresis.

[0054] When the active regenerator 1 uses magnetocaloric materials, a program of synchronous loading and synchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress is selected to perform a multi-stage refrigeration cycle. The magneto-thermo-elastic coupled multi-stage refrigeration device performs a multi-stage refrigeration cycle of synchronous loading of magnetic field and stress, heat blowing, synchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress, and cold blowing. It can achieve the effects of reducing the driving magnetic field and driving stress simultaneously and increasing the cycle life.

[0055] The magneto-thermo-elastic coupled multi-stage refrigeration device can also be used as a teaching aid to demonstrate the multi-stage refrigeration cycle.

[0056] In this embodiment, the driver 3 can be a universal testing machine or the indenter of other motors that can provide stress. It can be selected to squeeze the active regenerator 1 by the driver 3, or it can be selected to twist the active regenerator 1 by the driver 3.

[0057] Optionally, the active regenerator 1 is in a honeycomb shape, a corrugated plate shape, or a triply periodic minimal surface shape. The active regenerator 1 made of magnetocaloric materials or inverse magnetocaloric materials presents a honeycomb shape, a corrugated plate shape, or a triply periodic minimal surface shape, etc., with a relatively large specific surface area and a non-solid shape.

[0058] Optionally, the magnetocaloric materials are nickel-manganese-gallium-based, manganese-arsenic-based, iron-rhodium, or gadolinium-silicon-germanium alloy, etc.; the inverse magnetocaloric materials are nickel-manganese-tin-based, nickel-manganese-indium-based, or nickel-manganese-antimony-based alloys, etc.

[0059] Optionally, a radiator is provided in the heat sink 4. The heat sink 4 is a device for discharging waste heat, and the radiator is the main component inside the heat sink 4 for heat dissipation.

[0060] The present invention also provides a refrigerator, including the above-mentioned magneto-thermo-elastic coupled multi-stage refrigeration device. The cold trap 5 is a cooling device, and the storage compartment of the refrigerator is connected to the cold trap 5. The storage compartment of the refrigerator can use the cold quantity of the cold trap 5 for refrigeration.

[0061] The present invention also provides an air conditioner, including the above-mentioned magneto-thermo-elastic coupled multi-stage refrigeration device. The air conditioner can use the cold quantity of the cold trap 5 in the magneto-thermo-elastic coupled multi-stage refrigeration device for refrigeration.

[0062] It can be understood that the magneto-thermo-elastic coupled multi-stage refrigeration device of this embodiment can also be applied to other refrigeration equipment to use the cold quantity of the cold trap 5 for refrigeration.

[0063] The present invention also provides a multi - caloric refrigeration method coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects. Using the above - mentioned multi - caloric refrigeration device coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects, it includes:

[0064] When the active regenerator 1 uses a magneto - inverse material, the multi - caloric refrigeration device coupling magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects performs a multi - caloric refrigeration cycle of loading a magnetic field and unloading stress, cold blowing, loading stress and unloading the magnetic field, and hot blowing. The specific steps include:

[0065] S11: As shown in Figure 2 (a), a magnetic field is loaded on the active regenerator 1 made of a magneto - inverse material and stress is unloaded. At this time, due to the martensite - to - austenite transformation of the magneto - inverse material, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 drops, and thus the temperature of the heat - transfer fluid staying in the active regenerator 1 also drops accordingly;

[0066] S12: As shown in Figure 2 (b), cold blowing is carried out. The fourth port of the second reversing valve 8 is communicated with the sixth port, the first port of the first reversing valve 9 is communicated with the second port, the first pump 7 is turned on, the heat - transfer fluid in the active regenerator 1 flows through the cold trap 5 to the first pump 7, and then returns to the active regenerator 1. The cold trap 5 absorbs the cold of the heat - transfer fluid entering it and promotes the temperature of the heat - transfer fluid to rise. After the heat - transfer fluid returns to the active regenerator 1, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 rises accordingly;

[0067] S13: As shown in Figure 2 (c), the magnetic field is unloaded from the active regenerator 1 made of a magneto - inverse material and stress is loaded. At this time, due to the austenite - to - martensite transformation of the magneto - inverse material, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 rises, and thus the temperature of the heat - transfer fluid staying in the active regenerator 1 also rises accordingly;

[0068] S14: As shown in Figure 2 (d), hot blowing is carried out. The fourth port of the second reversing valve 8 is communicated with the fifth port, the first port of the first reversing valve 9 is communicated with the third port, the second pump 6 is turned on, the heat - transfer fluid in the active regenerator 1 enters the hot trap 4 through the second pump 6, and then flows back to the active regenerator 1. The hot trap 4 discharges the heat of the heat - transfer fluid entering it to the external environment, making the temperature of the heat - transfer fluid drop. After the heat - transfer fluid returns to the active regenerator 1, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 drops accordingly.

[0069] When the active regenerator 1 uses a magneto - inverse material, S11 - S14 are cycled, and a program of asynchronous loading and asynchronous unloading of the magnetic field and stress is selected to perform the multi - caloric refrigeration cycle.

[0070] In a reversible phase change process, thermal hysteresis will result in inconsistent volume fractions of the forward and reverse phase changes. This causes the magnetic shape memory alloy material to be unable to return to its initial state. The essence of introducing a multi-step cycle is to enable the material to return to its initial state.

[0071] Assume that before applying a magnetic field to the material in S11, the equilibrium phase of the material is martensite. During the application of the magnetic field in S11, the material can transform from martensite to austenite. When the magnetic field is removed, the material can transform from austenite to martensite. However, due to the existence of thermal hysteresis, part of the austenite cannot transform into martensite. At this time, if the next cycle is carried out and the magnetic field is applied to the material again, during the next transformation from martensite to austenite, the volume fraction of martensite decreases, resulting in a loss of thermal effect. To make the material return to its initial state, stress needs to be applied. After the magnetic field is removed, part of the austenite that fails to transform into martensite due to thermal hysteresis can be transformed into martensite through stress-induced martensite phase transformation. At this time, the material can return to the fully martensite state. Thereafter, when the system temperature becomes the initial temperature through the hot blow process and then the stress load is removed, the material remains in the fully martensite state (i.e., the initial state). Thus, the phase change thermal effect of the second cycle is the same as that of the first cycle. This type of multi-step refrigeration cycle can overcome the irreversible problem of the refrigeration cycle caused by material thermal hysteresis.

[0072] When the active regenerator 1 uses a magnetocaloric material, the multi-step refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastocaloric coupling performs a multi-step refrigeration cycle of synchronous loading of magnetic field and stress, hot blow, synchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress, and cold blow. The specific steps include:

[0073] S21: As Figure 3 (a) shows, a magnetic field and stress are applied to the active regenerator 1 made of a magnetocaloric material. At this time, due to the transformation from austenite to martensite in the magnetocaloric material, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 increases, and thus the temperature of the heat transfer fluid staying in the active regenerator 1 also increases accordingly;

[0074] S22: As Figure 3 (b) shows, a hot blow is carried out. The fourth port and the fifth port of the second reversing valve 8 are connected, the first port and the third port of the first reversing valve 9 are connected, and the second pump 6 is turned on. The heat transfer fluid in the active regenerator 1 enters the heat sink 4 through the second pump 6 and then flows back to the active regenerator 1. The heat sink 4 discharges the heat of the heat transfer fluid entering it to the external environment, causing the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to decrease. After the heat transfer fluid flows back to the active regenerator 1, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 decreases accordingly;

[0075] S23: As Figure 3As shown in (c), the magnetic field and stress are removed from the active regenerator 1 made of magnetocaloric material; at this time, since the magnetocaloric material undergoes a martensite-to-austenite transformation, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 decreases, and thus the temperature of the heat transfer fluid staying in the active regenerator 1 also decreases accordingly;

[0076] S24: As Figure 3 As shown in (d), cold blowing is performed. The fourth port and the sixth port of the second reversing valve 8 are communicated, the first port and the second port of the first reversing valve 9 are communicated, and the first pump 7 is turned on. The heat transfer fluid in the active regenerator 1 flows through the cold trap 5 to the first pump 7, and then flows back to the active regenerator 1. The cold trap 5 absorbs the cold of the heat transfer fluid entering it and promotes the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to rise. After the heat transfer fluid reflows to the active regenerator 1, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 rises accordingly.

[0077] When the active regenerator 1 uses magnetocaloric material, S21 - S24 are cycled, and a program of synchronous loading and synchronous unloading of the magnetic field and stress is selected to perform a multi-stage magnetic refrigeration cycle.

[0078] Applying a magnetic field or stress to a conventional magnetocaloric material causes the austenite-to-martensite transformation and releases heat, increasing the temperature of the active regenerator 1. After heat blowing through the heat transfer fluid, the temperature of the active regenerator 1 is restored. Thereafter, removing the magnetic field or stress causes the martensite to revert to austenite and decreases the temperature of the regenerator 1 and the heat transfer fluid. Finally, cold blowing is performed, and the refrigeration effect can be achieved. Since the effects of applying a magnetic field and applying stress on the magnetocaloric material are the same, and within a single material, the amount of austenite-to-martensite transformation is fixed, it is possible to choose to apply all the magnetic field, or all the stress, or to apply a part of the magnetic field and a part of the stress simultaneously. However, if all the magnetic field is applied, a high magnetic field is not easily generated and the energy consumption is high; if all the stress is applied, the force is likely to cause the material to fatigue and fracture; therefore, by applying a part of the magnetic field and a part of the stress, it is possible to simultaneously reduce the driving magnetic field and the driving force field. Therefore, the combined loading of the two can enable the magnetocaloric material to achieve a large solid-state phase change heat effect under a lower magnetic field and a lower stress. The action of the low external field makes the magnetocaloric material less likely to undergo fatigue fracture, thereby increasing the cycle life of the magnetocaloric material.

[0079] Optionally, an additive manufacturing technique is used to prepare the active regenerator 1 based on the magnetothermal or inverse magnetothermal effect.

[0080] Obviously, the embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and variations can be made. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the embodiments here.

Claims

1. A multi-card refrigeration device with magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupling, characterized in that: include: A refrigeration and heat transfer component comprises a housing and an active heat accumulator (1), wherein the active heat accumulator (1) is located inside the housing, the active heat accumulator (1) is made of a magnetocaloric material or a reverse magnetocaloric material, and the active heat accumulator (1) has a pipeline for fluid flow; Two electromagnetic coils (2), the two electromagnetic coils (2) are respectively arranged on both sides of the active heat storage device (1) and are used to provide a magnetic field; A driver (3), the driver (3) is connected to the active heat storage device (1) and is used to provide stress; A first reversing valve (9), the first reversing valve (9) having a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port being communicable with the second port or the third port, and the first port being communicable with one end of the active heat accumulator (1); a second reversing valve (8), the second reversing valve (8) having a fourth port, a fifth port and a sixth port, the fourth port being communicable with the fifth port or the sixth port, and the fourth port being communicable with the other end of the active heat accumulator (1); A cold trap (5) and a first pump (7), the second port being connected to the inlet end of the cold trap (5), the outlet end of the cold trap (5) being connected to the inlet end of the first pump (7), and the outlet end of the first pump (7) being connected to the sixth port; The heat sink (4) and the second pump (6), the fifth port is connected to the inlet end of the second pump (6), the outlet end of the second pump (6) is connected to the inlet end of the heat sink (4), and the outlet end of the heat sink (4) is connected to the third port.

2. The multi-card refrigeration device with magnetothermal and elastic-thermal coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The active heat accumulator (1) is in the form of a honeycomb, a wave plate or a three-period minimal surface.

3. The multi-card refrigeration device with magnetothermal and elastic-thermal coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The magnetocaloric material is a nickel-manganese-gallium-based, manganese-arsenic-based, iron-rhodium-based or gadolinium-silicon-germanium alloy; the reverse magnetocaloric material is a nickel-manganese-tin-based, nickel-manganese-indium-based or nickel-manganese-antimony-based alloy.

4. The multi-card refrigeration device with magnetothermal and elastic-thermal coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A heat sink is provided in the heat well (4).

5. A refrigerator, characterized in that: A multi-card refrigeration device comprising the magnetothermal and elastic-thermal coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. An air conditioner, characterized in that: A multi-card refrigeration device comprising the magnetothermal and elastic-thermal coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A multi-card refrigeration method with magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupling, characterized in that: A multi-card refrigeration device using the magnetothermal and elastic-thermal coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: When the active heat storage device (1) uses a reverse magnetocaloric material, the magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupled multi-card refrigeration device performs a multi-card refrigeration cycle of loading a magnetic field and unloading stress, cold blowing, loading stress and unloading a magnetic field, and hot blowing; When the active heat accumulator (1) is made of magnetocaloric material, the magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupled multi-card refrigeration device performs a multi-card refrigeration cycle of synchronous loading of magnetic field and stress, hot blowing, synchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress, and cold blowing.

8. The multi-card refrigeration method of magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupling according to claim 7 is characterized in that: When the active heat storage device (1) uses a reverse magnetocaloric material, a magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupled multi-card refrigeration device performs a multi-card refrigeration cycle of loading a magnetic field and unloading stress, cold blowing, loading stress and unloading a magnetic field, and hot blowing, specifically including: S11: a magnetic field is applied to the active heat accumulator (1) made of the reverse magnetocaloric material and stress is unloaded. At this time, due to the transformation of the reverse magnetocaloric material from martensite to austenite, the temperature of the active heat accumulator (1) decreases, and the temperature of the heat transfer fluid remaining in the active heat accumulator (1) also decreases accordingly; S12: cold blowing is performed, the fourth port of the second reversing valve (8) is connected to the sixth port, the first port of the first reversing valve (9) is connected to the second port, the first pump (7) is turned on, the heat transfer fluid in the active heat accumulator (1) flows to the first pump (7) through the cold trap (5), and then flows back to the active heat accumulator (1), the cold trap (5) absorbs the cold energy of the heat transfer fluid entering it, and causes the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to rise, and after the heat transfer fluid flows back to the active heat accumulator (1), the temperature of the active heat accumulator (1) rises accordingly; S13: unloading the magnetic field and loading stress on the active heat accumulator (1) made of reverse magnetocaloric material; at this time, due to the transformation of the reverse magnetocaloric material from austenite to martensite, the temperature of the active heat accumulator (1) rises, and the temperature of the heat transfer fluid remaining in the active heat accumulator (1) also rises accordingly; S14: hot blowing is performed, the fourth port of the second reversing valve (8) is connected to the fifth port, the first port of the first reversing valve (9) is connected to the third port, the second pump (6) is turned on, the heat transfer fluid in the active heat accumulator (1) enters the heat sink (4) through the second pump (6), and then flows back to the active heat accumulator (1), the heat sink (4) discharges the heat of the heat transfer fluid entering it to the external environment, so that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid decreases, and after the heat transfer fluid flows back to the active heat accumulator (1), the temperature of the active heat accumulator (1) decreases accordingly.

9. The multi-card refrigeration method of magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupling according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the active heat storage device (1) is made of magnetocaloric material, the magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupled Doka refrigeration device performs a Doka refrigeration cycle of synchronous loading of magnetic field and stress, hot blowing, synchronous unloading of magnetic field and stress, and cold blowing, specifically including: S21: applying a magnetic field and stress to the active heat accumulator (1) made of magnetocaloric material. At this time, the magnetocaloric material undergoes a transformation from austenite to martensite, causing the temperature of the active heat accumulator (1) to increase, thereby increasing the temperature of the heat transfer fluid remaining in the active heat accumulator (1); S22: hot blowing is performed, the fourth port of the second reversing valve (8) is connected to the fifth port, the first port of the first reversing valve (9) is connected to the third port, the second pump (6) is turned on, the heat transfer fluid in the active heat accumulator (1) enters the heat sink (4) through the second pump (6), and then flows back to the active heat accumulator (1), the heat sink (4) discharges the heat of the heat transfer fluid entering it to the external environment, so that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid decreases, and after the heat transfer fluid flows back to the active heat accumulator (1), the temperature of the active heat accumulator (1) decreases accordingly; S23: unloading the magnetic field and stress on the active heat accumulator (1) made of the magnetocaloric material; at this time, due to the transformation of the magnetocaloric material from martensite to austenite, the temperature of the active heat accumulator (1) decreases, and the temperature of the heat transfer fluid remaining in the active heat accumulator (1) also decreases accordingly; S24: cold blowing is performed, the fourth port of the second reversing valve (8) is connected to the sixth port, the first port of the first reversing valve (9) is connected to the second port, the first pump (7) is turned on, the heat transfer fluid in the active heat accumulator (1) flows through the cold trap (5) and then enters the first pump (7), and then flows back to the active heat accumulator (1), the cold trap (5) absorbs the cold energy of the heat transfer fluid entering it, and causes the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to rise, and after the heat transfer fluid flows back to the active heat accumulator (1), the temperature of the active heat accumulator (1) rises accordingly.

10. The multi-card refrigeration method of magnetocaloric and elastic-thermal coupling according to claim 7, characterized in that: An active heat storage device (1) based on magnetocaloric or inverse magnetocaloric effect is prepared by using additive manufacturing technology.

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