Smoke exposure device for smoke damage and adjusting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a smoke exposure device for smoke damage and an adjusting method, the smoke exposure device comprises a smoke exposure device body, a quartz tube is cooperatively arranged on one side of an annular heater on the smoke exposure device body, and a closed cabin is cooperatively arranged on one side of the annular heater and the quartz tube; a filter element, a rotor flow meter, a self-made gas dilution device, a gas analyzer, a gas supply device and a waste gas treatment device are arranged on one side of the closed cabin in a matched mode, one end of the gas analyzer is connected with a computer in a matched mode, a static contamination method is adopted in the smoke exposure device body in the experiment process, gas in the combustion cabin is circulated without exchanging with the outside, and the gas in the combustion cabin is communicated with the outside. Negative air pressure is applied between the closed cabin and the shielding cabinet, harm to experimenters caused by possible internal gas leakage is avoided, the optimal purification effect is ensured, and in the purification process, the sensor continuously monitors, the data processing center adjusts the strategy in real time until the smoke concentration is reduced to the standard range, and the purification equipment gradually recovers to the standby state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smoke exposure, and specifically to a flue gas exposure device and an adjustment method for smoke damage. Background Art

[0002] A large number of fire death reports indicate that the toxic flue gas in a fire is the main factor causing casualties, and about 70% - 80% of the victims are caused by inhaling toxic flue gas. Decorative materials are prone to pyrolysis and combustion when heated, and will produce a large amount of toxic gases. When a fire breaks out suddenly, some combustibles are difficult to burn completely, greatly enhancing the complexity and toxicity of the flue gas components, affecting the escape of trapped people, and even causing people to be poisoned and die. The flue gas generated by the combustion of non-metallic materials mainly includes asphyxiating gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and some gases with strong irritation to the human senses, such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen fluoride (HF), etc., which cause people exposed to the fire scene to be poisoned, lose their ability to act, and even die.

[0003] Continuous inhalation of fire flue gas by the human body will cause serious damage to multiple internal systems, such as the nervous system, respiratory system, blood system, and cardiovascular system, etc. The nervous system is very sensitive to hypoxia. The hypoxic asphyxia caused by a large amount of CO and CO2 in the combustion smoke is the main reason for people to fall into a coma and die in the early stage of a fire. In mild cases, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting will occur, and in severe cases, coma and death may occur rapidly due to hypoxic asphyxia and cerebral edema. The respiratory system is the main target organ of fire smoke. In the early stage of injury, mucosal congestion, edema, and exudation can be seen, followed by an inflammatory reaction. When severely damaged, the airway epithelium detaches from the basal layer and forms a blockage in the lumen, resulting in an increase in airway resistance and difficulty breathing. Smoke enters the alveoli, damaging alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells, leading to toxic pulmonary edema. Vapors can directly enter the lower respiratory tract, damaging the airway mucosa, and causing pulmonary hemorrhage and edema. After harmful gases are absorbed, they are distributed throughout the body through the blood circulation. Typical poisons are CO and HCN. The binding affinity of CO to hemoglobin (Hb) is 200 - 300 times greater than that of O2 to Hb. CO binds to Hb in the blood to form HbCO (carboxyhemoglobin), inhibiting the binding of Hb to O2 and causing hypoxia in the body. The asphyxiating and irritating gases in fire smoke have certain toxic effects on the heart, which can cause palpitations, chest tightness, ST-T changes, conduction block, and sudden cardiac death. HCN has direct damage to the heart, liver, and kidneys, which can lead to toxic myocarditis, myocardial hypoxia, etc., and can also cause renal hypertension, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and toxic hepatitis. Therefore, an improved technology is urgently needed to solve this problem existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a flue gas exposure device and an adjustment method for smoke damage, so as to solve the problems put forward in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A flue gas exposure device for smoke damage, including a flue gas exposure device body, on which an annular heater is provided. On one side of the annular heater, a quartz tube is cooperatively provided. On one side of the annular heater and the quartz tube, a sealed chamber is cooperatively provided. One end of the quartz tube is cooperatively connected to the top port of the sealed chamber. On one side of the sealed chamber, a filter element, a rotameter, a self-made gas dilution device, a gas analyzer, a gas supply device, and an exhaust gas treatment device are cooperatively provided. The filter element, the rotameter, the self-made gas dilution device, and the gas analyzer are connected in series. One end of the gas analyzer is cooperatively connected to a computer. The gas supply device and the exhaust gas treatment device are cooperatively connected to the sealed chamber.

[0006] Preferably, temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration sensors are provided near the bottom of the side wall of the sealed chamber, and the sealed chamber is a 150L cylindrical sealed chamber.

[0007] Preferably, the length of the quartz tube is 80 cm, and the material is concentrated in the middle section of the tube, about 12 - 15 cm.

[0008] Preferably, the temperature setting range of the annular heater is 0 - 700 °C, and the moving speed of the annular heater is 3 cm / min.

[0009] Preferably, the gas analyzer uses a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, the spectral range is 4000 - 400 cm-1, and the gas analyzer is set to continuously measure the intake volume of the sample gas at 3 L / min.

[0010] Preferably, a working method of a flue gas exposure device for smoke damage includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Put the weighed samples into the quartz tube in turn. When the heater heats up to the set stability, it starts to move forward at a constant speed to burn the materials filled in the tube. At the same time, the flue gas generated by the materials is brought into the interior of the sealed chamber by the circulating gas in the gas supply system;

[0012] Step 2: The flue gas generated during the burning process is filtered, diluted, and then detected in real time;

[0013] Step 3: The length of the quartz tube is 80 cm, the material is concentrated at about 12 - 15 cm in the middle section of the interior of the quartz tube, the heater temperature is set at 0 - 700 °C, and the moving speed of the heater is 3 cm / min;

[0014] Step 4: Before conducting gas analysis, use a clean filter element to filter the flue gas. After the flue gas is filtered and diluted with pure air in an appropriate ratio, it is connected to the gas analysis equipment;

[0015] Step 5: Use Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to detect the flue gas, and the detection spectrum range is 4000-400cm-1.

[0016] Preferably, a method for adjusting the concentration of components in a smoke exposure device for smoke damage comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1. Flexibly change the fuel supply of the smoke source, accurately adjust the combustion rate, and adjust the raw material ratio when chemically synthesizing smoke. At the same time, with the help of real-time feedback from the monitoring system, make subtle adjustments at any time to lock the smoke concentration within the preset range;

[0018] S2. Targetedly select or add appropriate amounts of substances that can generate the component, or use purification techniques such as adsorption and chemical reactions to selectively remove unnecessary components in the subsequent gas circulation process.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The length of the quartz tube is 80 cm, the material is concentrated in the middle of the tube about 12-15 cm, the temperature setting range of the ring heater is 0-700 ° C, and the moving speed of the ring heater is 3 cm / min. The slow speed ensures that the material is fully burned;

[0021] (2) Use a clean filter element to filter the flue gas. After the flue gas is filtered and diluted with pure air in an appropriate ratio, it is connected to the gas analysis equipment. Before performing gas analysis, use a clean filter element to filter the flue gas to prevent particulate matter generated during the material combustion process from contaminating the instrument and affecting the results;

[0022] (3) The main body of the smoke exposure device adopts a static contamination method during the experiment. The gas in the combustion chamber circulates internally without exchanging with the outside world. A negative air pressure is applied between the closed cabin and the shielding cabinet to avoid possible gas leakage inside and cause harm to the experimenters, ensuring the best purification effect. During the purification process, the sensor continuously monitors and the data processing center adjusts the strategy in real time until the smoke concentration is reduced to the standard range and the purification equipment gradually returns to standby mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smoke exposure device of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Main body of the flue gas exposure device; 2. Ring heater; 3. Quartz tube; 4. Sealed chamber; 5. Temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor; 6. Filter element; 7. Rotameter; 8. Self-made gas dilution device; 9. Gas analyzer; 10. Gas supply device; 11. Waste gas treatment device. Detailed implementation mode

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a flue gas exposure device for smoke damage, including the main body 1 of the flue gas exposure device, a ring heater 2 is provided on the main body 1 of the flue gas exposure device, a quartz tube 3 is cooperatively provided on one side of the ring heater 2, a sealed chamber 4 is cooperatively provided on one side of the ring heater 2 and the quartz tube 3, one end of the quartz tube 3 is cooperatively connected to the top port of the sealed chamber 4, a filter element 6, a rotameter 7, a self-made gas dilution device 8, a gas analyzer 9, a gas supply device 10, and a waste gas treatment device 11 are cooperatively provided on one side of the sealed chamber 4. The filter element 6, the rotameter 7, the self-made gas dilution device 8, and the gas analyzer 9 are connected in series. One end of the gas analyzer 9 is cooperatively connected to a computer. The gas supply device 10 and the waste gas treatment device 11 are cooperatively connected to the sealed chamber 4.

[0027] A temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor 5 is provided near the bottom of the side wall of the sealed chamber 4. The sealed chamber 4 is a 150L cylindrical sealed chamber.

[0028] The length of the quartz tube 3 is 80 cm, and the material is concentrated in the middle section of the tube, about 12 - 15 cm. The temperature setting range of the ring heater 2 is 0 - 700 °C, and the moving speed of the ring heater 2 is 3 cm / min. The slow speed ensures that the material burns fully.

[0029] The gas analyzer 9 uses a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and the spectral range is 4000 - 400 cm-1. The gas analyzer 9 is set to continuously measure the intake volume of the sample gas at 3 L / min. The spectral range of the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is 4000 - 400 cm-1. The light source is provided with multiple light sources for measuring spectra in different ranges. For example, a tungsten filament lamp is commonly used for near-infrared, a silicon carbide rod is commonly used for mid-infrared, and a high-pressure mercury lamp and a thorium oxide lamp are commonly used for far-infrared, etc.

[0030] The Fourier spectrum sensing device for smoke concentration collects smoke information in the environment in real time and transmits the data to the data processing center. The data processing center analyzes the received data, identifies the types of smoke, compares with the preset concentration standards, judges the air quality level. According to the judgment results, the data processing center issues instructions to the purification equipment cluster, starts the corresponding purification module, and dynamically adjusts the device operation parameters, such as the fan speed, the dosage of adsorbent, etc., to match the current smoke concentration to ensure the best purification effect. During the purification process, the sensor continuously monitors, and the data processing center adjusts the strategy in real time until the smoke concentration is reduced to the standard range, and the purification equipment gradually returns to the standby state.

[0031] Working method of the flue gas exposure device for smoke damage: Put the weighed samples into the quartz tube in sequence. When the heater heats up to the set stability, it starts to move forward at a constant speed to burn the materials filled in the tube. At the same time, the flue gas generated by the materials is brought into the interior of the sealed chamber by the circulating gas in the gas supply system.

[0032] The flue gas generated during the burning process is filtered, diluted and then detected in real time. The length of the quartz tube 3 is 80 cm. For the material, at about 12 - 15 cm in the middle position inside the quartz tube 3, the heater temperature is set at 0 - 700 °C, and the moving speed of the heater is 3 cm / min. Before gas analysis, use a clean filter element to filter the flue gas. After the flue gas is filtered, it is diluted with pure air in an appropriate ratio and then connected to the gas analysis equipment. Before gas analysis, use a clean filter element to filter the flue gas to avoid the influence of particulate matter generated during the material combustion process on the instrument and affect the results. After the flue gas is filtered, it is diluted with pure air in an appropriate ratio and then connected to the gas analysis equipment.

[0033] Use a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to detect the flue gas, and the detection spectral range is 4000 - 400 cm-1.

[0034] Component concentration adjustment method of the flue gas exposure device for smoke damage: Based on different scientific research exploration goals, by flexibly changing the fuel supply of the smoke generation source, precisely adjusting the combustion rate, or skillfully adjusting the raw material ratio when chemically synthesizing smoke, the precise control of the smoke concentration entering the exposure chamber is achieved. At the same time, with the data information feedback in real time by the monitoring system, fine adjustments are made at any time to firmly lock the smoke concentration within the preset range.

[0035] Select or add an appropriate amount of substances that can generate this component; or in the subsequent gas circulation process, use purification technical means such as adsorption and chemical reactions to selectively remove unnecessary components, thereby achieving the precise customization of the smoke components.

[0036] During the experiment, the main body 1 of the flue gas exposure device adopts the static poisoning method. The gas in the combustion chamber circulates internally without exchanging with the outside world. A negative air pressure is applied between the sealed chamber and the shielding cabinet to prevent possible gas leakage inside from harming the experimental personnel and ensure the best purification effect. During the purification process, the sensor continuously monitors, and the data processing center adjusts the strategy in real time until the smoke concentration is reduced to the standard range, and the purification equipment gradually returns to the standby state.

[0037] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smoke exposure device for smoke damage, comprising a smoke exposure device body (1), characterized in that: The main body (1) of the smoke exposure device is provided with an annular heater (2), one side of the annular heater (2) is provided with a quartz tube (3), one side of the annular heater (2) and the quartz tube (3) is provided with a sealed cabin (4), one end of the quartz tube (3) is connected to the top port of the sealed cabin (4), one side of the sealed cabin (4) is provided with a filter element (6), a rotor flowmeter (7), a self-made gas dilution device (8), a gas analyzer (9), an air supply device (10), and an exhaust gas treatment device (11), the filter element (6), the rotor flowmeter (7), the self-made gas dilution device (8), and the gas analyzer (9) are connected in series, one end of the gas analyzer (9) is connected to a computer, and the air supply device (10) and the exhaust gas treatment device (11) are connected to the sealed cabin (4).

2. A smoke exposure device for smoke damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensors (5) are provided on the side wall of the sealed cabin (4) near the bottom, and the sealed cabin (4) is a 150L cylindrical sealed cabin.

3. A smoke exposure device for smoke damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the quartz tube (3) is 80 cm, and the material is concentrated in the middle of the tube for about 12-15 cm.

4. A smoke exposure device for smoke damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature setting range of the annular heater (2) is 0-700° C., and the moving speed of the annular heater (2) is 3 cm / min.

5. A smoke exposure device for smoke damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas analyzer (9) adopts a Fourier infrared spectrometer with a spectral range of 4000-400 cm-1. The gas analyzer (9) is set with a sample gas intake volume of 3 L / min for continuous measurement.

6. The method for implementing the smoke exposure device for smoke damage according to claim 1 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Put the weighed samples into the quartz tube in turn. When the heater is heated to the set stable temperature, it starts to move forward at a constant speed to burn the material in the tube. At the same time, the circulating gas in the air supply system brings the smoke generated by the material into the closed cabin; Step 2: The smoke generated during the burning process is filtered and diluted and then tested in real time; Step 3: The length of the quartz tube is 80 cm, the material is concentrated at about 12-15 cm in the middle of the quartz tube, the heater temperature is set at 0-700°C, and the moving speed of the heater is 3 cm / min; Step 4: Before conducting gas analysis, use a clean filter element to filter the flue gas. After the flue gas is filtered and diluted with pure air in an appropriate ratio, it is connected to the gas analysis equipment; Step 5: Use Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to detect the flue gas, and the detection spectrum range is 4000-400cm-1.

7. The method for adjusting the component concentration of a smoke exposure device for smoke damage according to claim 1 comprises the following steps: S1. Flexibly change the fuel supply of the smoke source, accurately adjust the combustion rate, and adjust the raw material ratio when chemically synthesizing smoke. At the same time, with the help of real-time feedback from the monitoring system, make subtle adjustments at any time to lock the smoke concentration within the preset range; S2. Targetedly select or add appropriate amounts of substances that can generate the component, or use purification techniques such as adsorption and chemical reactions to selectively remove unnecessary components in the subsequent gas circulation process.

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